Eito, Guian Carl G. RPH Block 1 Ms.

Gertrude Montenegro
BS – Entrepreneurship 2

Upon reading and understanding the powerpoint presentation that was presented I
have immediately chosen the topic that I would research about and that is Reform to
Independence. And the historical source that I found and decided to go with is The
Propaganda Movement in 1872, which I will be giving a short summary about in this
paper. The reason that I chose this out of all of the other sources is because this is
somewhat relevant to me than the other historical sources some that I’m not familiar
with.

To put it simply, this reform movement happened between the years 1872 and 1892, a
national consciousness was growing among the Filipino émigrés who had settled in
Europe. In the freer atmosphere of Europe, these émigrés--liberals exiled in 1872 and
students attending European universities formed the Propaganda Movement. Organized
for literary and cultural purposes more than for political ends, the Propagandists, who
included upper-class Filipinos from all the lowland Christian areas, strove to "awaken
the sleeping intellect of the Spaniard to the needs of our country" and to create a
closer, more equal association of the islands and the motherland. Among their specific
goals were representation of the Philippines in the Cortes, or Spanish parliament;
secularization of the clergy; legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality; creation of a
public school system independent of the friars; abolition of the polo (labor service)
and vandala (forced sale of local products to the government); guarantee of basic
freedoms of speech and association; and equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to
enter government service.