Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. CURTAIL - to cut short. The trip was curtailed because of bad weather.
2. MEAGER - scanty, sparse, not abundant. The campers had a meager supply of food that would
have to be rationed.
3. SOMBER - gloomy, cheerless, grave. His somber voice told us that the news was bad.
4. FLOURISH - to prosper, thrive. The rising profits showed that her new internet business was
flourishing.
5. REJUVENATE, REINVIGORATE - to make youthful again, revitalize, revive
6. REBUKE, CENSURE, REPRIMAND, REPROVE, REMONSTRATE, REPROACH, and
ADMONISH - all mean to scold. The principal admonished the students for their rude behavior
during the assembly.
7. LETHARGIC, SLOTHFUL, LANGUID, INDOLENT, TORPID, WAN, ANEMIC,
PHLEGMATIC, and ENERVATED - all mean to lack energy, vigor and vitality, to be sluggish
8. ACCLAIM, ADULATION, HAIL, EXTOL, LAUD, EULOGIZE and PLAUDIT - all mean
praise. Critics acclaimed the movie for its imaginative plot and convincing acting.
LACK OF WORDS
DEGREE WORDS
1. REPUDIATE - to take back or disavow as when Martin Luther refused to repudiate his writings at
the Diet of Worms
2. DISSOLUTION - dissolving, breaking apart, as the dissolution of the Soviet Union
3. ANARCHIST - one who opposes government and laws
4. ARID - very dry. The Atacamba Desert in Chile is one of the most arid places on earth.
5. ANACHRONISM - a chronological misplacing of events, persons, or objects. The movie Back to
the Future contained many amusing anachronisms.
6. DUTY - a tax on imports
7. ENUMERATE - to ascertain the number of, to count. The chief engineer enumerated several
reasons why the Titanic would sink.
8. BUTTRESS - to support, prop up; a support or prop. Flying buttresses were used to support the
walls of Gothic cathedrals.
9. DESICCATED - very dry, arid, parched.
10. SOVEREIGN - the supreme ruler of a kingdom. Sovereigns like Louis XIV were surrounded by
servile followers called courtiers.
11. NULLIFY - to make void. South Carolina threatened to nullify what they called the Tariff of
Abominations.
12. ENLIGHTEN - to inform, instruct, edify
13. APPEASEMENT - to give in to someone's demands. Great Britain and France appeased Hitler at
the Munich Conference
14. ELITE - a select group
15. ETHICS - a code of conduct
16. BIAS - a prejudice, leaning, predisposition to do something
17. EPISTOLARY - an epistle is a letter and an epistolary is a series of letters
18. MATRIARCHAL - rule by women
19. PROLIFERATION - to multiply, increase, spread rapidly as the proliferation of nuclear weapons
20. DOGMA - doctrine, set of beliefs. Martin Luther challenged many of the established dogmas of
the Catholic Church.
21. BELLIGERENT – warlike, eager to fight
22. IMPASSE - deadlock, stalemate. The large and small states appeared to be at an impasse at the
Constitutional Convention.
23. ABDICATE - to renounce, resign, vacate a throne. Edward VIII of England abdicated his throne
to marry a commoner.
24. WATERSHED, LANDMARK, and MILESTONE - all refer to important turning point events.
Truman's decision to drop the atomic bomb was a milestone event in 20th century history.
25. AUTONOMY - self-rule, self-government
26. AUTOCRAT - an absolute ruler. Nicholas II was the last autocrat to rule czarist Russia.
SCIENCE