CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction

Nowadays, meter balances are more cost too much. People worry about this process
so much and they don’t want to use electronic for not necessary cases. It's not convenient for
the person who wants to switch on night lamp for the whole night. Therefore, this project will
satisfied for that type of person. The Night Lamp Timer Circuit delays the time and it can
automatically switch on when the time is up. So, this circuit helps for the people who want to
cost less for meter bill for the night lamp. So, the user can spend less money for the night
lamp and no need to worry about for switching on and off. This project can make easily at
home and can be advantage for the people. A nightlight is a small light fixture, usually
electrical, placed for comfort or convenience in dark areas or areas that may become dark at
certain times, such as at night or in an emergency.

1.2 Objective

The objectives of the system are as follows:

 To understand how to work BC547

 To know how to use the timer system
 To be convenient for dark fear person
 To be smart lifestyle

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1.3 System Overview

In Figure 1.1, 9V battery give the electrical power for the capacitor and that is
store the electrical power in capacitor and then the wire connect the led and the power supply
it is light on and if it is switch off it will be decrease the lightning until the close of LED.

Power Supply Capacitor BC547-Transistor LED

Figure 1.1 Block Diagram

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 CHAPTER 2
COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM
2.1 Hardware Components

To implement this project, the main components of this system are shown in
Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 Components of the System

Quantity
No. Components Specifications (No.)
1. BC547 Transistor Main Controller 1

2. LED Light Emitter 1

3. 10k Ohm Resistor Timer Controller 1

4. 47Ohm Resistor Led Controller 1

5. Capacitor Timer Delay Controller 1

6. ON / OFF Switch ON/OFF 1

7. Wire Connection 2

8. Power Supply Battery 1

2.1.1 BC547 Transistor

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 BC547 is an NPN Bipolar Junction Transistor. Mostly, it is used for the switching
purpose as well as for amplification purposes. Similar to the other transistors, BC547 is also
used for the amplification of current. The smaller amount of current at the base is used to
control the larger amount of currents at collector and emitter as well. Its basic applications are
switching and amplification. BC547 Transistor describe in Figure 2.1.

Figure 2.1 BC547 Transistor

2.1.2 LED

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when
current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes,
releasing energy in the form of photons. The color of the light (corresponding to the energy
of the photons) is determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the band gap of the
semiconductor. LED describe in Figure 2.2.

Figure 2.2 LED

2.1.3 Resistor

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 Resistors are passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow,
adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines,
among other uses. High-power resistor that can dissipate many watts of electrical power as
heat may be used as part of motor controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for
generators. The Resistors are described in Figure 2.3.

Figure 2.3 Resistor

2.1.4 Capacitor

A 16V capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It is a

passive electronic component with two terminals. The capacitor was originally known as a
condenser or condensation. Capacitor describe in Figure 2.4.

Figure 2.4 Capacitor

2.1.5 Push Switch

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 A push switch (button) is a momentary or non-latching switch which causes a
temporary change in the state of an electrical circuit only while the switch is physically
actuated.. There are two types. They are ‘push switch’ and ‘push to break’. Push switch
describe in Figure 2.5.

Figure 2.5 Push Switch

2.1.6 Wire
A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of mental. Wires are used
to bear mechanical loads or electricity and telecommunication signals. Wire is commonly
formed by drawing the mental through a hole in a die or draw plate. Wire gauges come in
various standard sizes, as expressed in term of a gauge number. Wire describe in Figure 2.6.

Fig 2.6 Wire

2.1.7 Power Supply

A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical

load. The primary function of a power supply is to convert electric current from a source to
the correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the load. Power supply is described in
Figure 2.7.

Fig 2.7 Power Supply

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 CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATIONS

3.1 Hardware Implementation

This system is presented about night lamp system as shown in Figure 3.1. The night
lamp system is combined with 7elements.They are BC547, wire, 47ohm resistor,10k resistor,
LED, capacitor, 5V Battery and push switch. This system starts working when the user
switches on the push switch. Then, 5V battery is supply the electricity and LED is on. And
then it is slowly lighting off according to the timer that is given by the user.

In this system, night lamp system is very convenient for the children and dark afraid
people because it is not totally closed until it is slowly light off.

Figure 3.1 Circuit Diagram

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3.2 System Design

Start

Power Supply

No
Switch
On? LED with the storage power
in capacitor
Yes

Store power in
capacitor

LED dim
LED on

End

Figure 3.2 Flowchart of the System

When the power is supplied to the circuit, the circuit is start working. If switch is on,
the capacitor store electrical power in it and because of this energy, led is on until battery is
supplied. If switch is off, LED is switched off slowly till the storage of power in capacitor is
gone. The flowchart of the system is described in Figure 3.2.

3.3 Results and Discussions

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 The night lamp system is combined with 7elements. They are BC547, wire, 47ohm
resistor, 10k resistor, LED, capacitor, 5V Battery and push switch. This system start working
when the switches on the push switch. Then, 5V battery is supply the electricity and LED is
on. And then, it is slowly lighting off according to the timer that is given by the user. The
prototype of the external system is illustrated in Figure 3.2(a) and the prototype of the
internal system is illustrate in Figure 3.2(b). The user switches on the push switch, it is started
the LED light on. And then when switch off, it slowly dim.

Fig 3.3 (a) External System Fig 3.3 (b) Internal System

Figure 3.3 Implementation Setup

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 CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 Conclusions

The electronic timer system is referred to the person who can’t sleep well when the light
is off and the person who switches on the light for the whole night but worries about meter
balance. The purpose of this system is to reduce for the person who wants to switch on the
light for the whole night. This project can be used with this timer with suitable time taken.
The design is not cost too much. Less component and very useful indeed.

4.2 Further Development

If a sensor is combined to this project, this project can be done more automatically
function. When sensor is used, this don’t need to switch power on/off and only make clap
switch, it can be automatically work. And also if we try with Ardunio, or Raspberry Pi, this
project can control it from ours. As the technology is more developed, the better things can
do for this project.

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 REFERENCES

[1] Thomas Edison and Sir Joseph Swann “Electric Incandescent Lamp Independent”
1879.
[2] YM Jagadeesh, S Akilesh “Intelligence night lamp” SMART GRID Technologies,
August 6-8, 2015.
[3] Andras Kovacs, Roland Batai and Borbala Hay “Intelligent control for energy-
positive night lighting Energy” 2016 by Elsevier Ltd.
[4] Anif Jamaluddina, Anifi Nur Annia and Agus Purwantob “Assessment of LiFePO4
Battery Performance in Stand Alone Photovoltatic Night Lamp System” Engineering
Physics International Conference, EPIC 2016.
[5] K. Thatsanavipasa, N. Ponganunchokea and S. Mitathab “Wireless Traffic Light
Controller” 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
[6] https://youtu.be/U1lcDsWsVol
[7] https://www.youtube.com/watch?=-ytr-5pUOq
[8] https://youtu.be/OtppaXX8yl0

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