‫ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ /‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ / 89‬ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﻣﺎﻩ ‪1391‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‪ 1‬ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻓﻼﺕ ﻗﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻫﺎﺩ ﺑﻬﺰﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻓﻼﺕ ﻗﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺜﻢ ﺍﻓﺴﺮﻱ‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﺋﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﺎ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﻨﮓ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴــﻴﺘﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴــﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﻔــﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ )ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﻧﻔﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻓﻼﺕ ﻗﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷــﺪ( ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪ [4].‬ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺎﻳﻞﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﻘﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳــﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫــﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮ‪-‬ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳــﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ‪ 4‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ‪ 6‬ﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪[4].‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸــﻜﻼﺕ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫* ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺑــﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳــﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ‪.‬‬‫ﺁﻳﻨــﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺆﺛــﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻭ‬
‫* ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﻳﺴﻚ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴــﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳــﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫* ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﻆ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺸﺒﻚﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺸــﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻔﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫* ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻲ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔــﺬﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺨــﺰﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﻳــﻚ ﭼﺎﻩ )"‪ 36‬ﻭ "‪ 26‬ﻭ‪ (...‬ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳــﭙﺲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻓﺸــﺮﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺸــﻜﻼﺕ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺳــﻄﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﭽﺎﻟﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﮔﺴﻞﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸــﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸــﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼــﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﮔﻞ‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ‬
‫* ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‪، ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸــﻲ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺿﻌﻴــﺖ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﺎ ﻭ‬
‫(‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﭼﻴﻨﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ‬

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 ‫ﻣﻘــــﺎﻟـــــﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ ρ‬ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ‪ g‬ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺛﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ )‪(σh‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺪﺱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ‪ σh‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪Poro-‬‬
‫‪ Elastic‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ υ‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﭘﻮﺍﺳــﻮﻥ‪ PP ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ‪ α ،‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
‫‪ E ،Biot‬ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﻳﺎﻧﮓ ﻭ ‪ ex‬ﻭ ‪ ey‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳــﺮ ‪ E‬ﻭ ‪ υ‬ﻭ ‪ PP‬ﻭ ‪ σv‬ﺍﺯ ﻣــﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳــﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫* ﺍﻃﻼﻋــﺎﺕ ﺣﻔــﺎﺭﻱ )ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻫــﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ FIT11،‬ﻭ ‪(LOT12‬‬
‫* ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﭼﺎﻩﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲ )‪ DST13‬ﻭ ‪(MDT14‬‬
‫‪ -1-2‬ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻯ‬
‫* ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ "‪ 36‬ﻭ"‪ 26‬ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺪ‪.‬‬
‫* ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺧﻔﻴﻒ ﮔﻞ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪﻳــﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻨﮕــﻲ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻭ ﮔﻴــﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫* ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔــﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺗﻨﮕﻲ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫* ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳــﺮ ‪ ex‬ﻭ ‪ ey‬ﺑــﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺣﺪﺱ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺨﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ‬
‫‪ LOT12‬ﻭ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻨﺶ‬
‫ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 1‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺴــﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑــﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸــﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 2‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -2-2‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻤﻖ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻒ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺻﻮﺗﻰ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪[1].‬‬
‫‪ -3-2‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ‬

‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ WNW-ESE‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
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‫ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴــﻤﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ DST‬ﻭ ‪ MDT‬ﻭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺳــﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳــﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪) .‬ﺷﻜﻞ‪(1‬‬

‫‪ -4-2‬ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﺎ‪17‬‬
‫ﻣﻘــﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺟﻬــﺖ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ)‪،(σv‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ)‪(σH‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ)‪ (σh‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻜﺴــﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳــﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ‪ 18‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸــﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺴــﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ‪ 19‬ﻭ ﺷــﻜﺎﻑﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴــﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ .20‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺴــﺘﮕﻲﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴــﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣــﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻘﺶ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺳﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪[1].‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ )‪(σv‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﮕﺮﺍﻝﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺳــﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫‪ 1‬ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 1‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬

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 ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ /‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ / 89‬ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﻣﺎﻩ ‪1391‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺳــﭙﺲ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺸﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻞ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ )‪ (PP‬ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ )‪(σh‬‬
‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﮔﻞ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻥﭼﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﻞ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺎﻑﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷــﺮﻭﻉ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﮔﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻞ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ )‪ (σh‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻠﻲ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺑــﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺷــﻜﻞ ﺑﻴﻀﻮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻠﻲ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷــﻜﺎﻑ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼــﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ )‪(σH‬‬
‫ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴــﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺍﻓﻘــﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜــﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻧﻮﺍﺣــﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ )ﮔﺴــﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ‪/‬ﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﺎﻑﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ(‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻤــﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ Orthogonal Caliper‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳــﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺪﻝﺳــﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜــﻲ ) ‪ ، ،‬ﻭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳــﻪ ﺷﻜﺴــﺖ( ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠــﻲ )‪ σv‬ﻭ ‪ (σh‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻨــﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ )‪ (σH‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﻩ ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪[1].‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷــﻜﺎﻑﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷــﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴــﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪) FMI‬ﺷــﻜﻞ ‪ (3‬ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺭﺯ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ (4‬ﺟﻬﺖ ‪σH‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ NNW-SSW‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5-2‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﻨﮓ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠــﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳــﺘﺮﺱ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ DSI‬ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻤــﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ DSI‬ﻋــﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻣﻘــﺪﺍﺭ ‪ ،∆tc21‬ﻣﻘــﺪﺍﺭ ‪ ∆tS‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
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‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ‪(5‬‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻣــﻮﺍﺝ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺴــﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷــﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪ :‬ﻣﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻳﺎﻧــﮓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ ﺗــﻚ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،23‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﭘﻮﺍﺳــﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 3‬ﺷﻜﺎﻑﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ ،FMI‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﻑﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ )‪ (σH‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 2‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ‪ FMI‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻴﻀﻮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬

‫‪ 4‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ )‪ (σh‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﻘــــﺎﻟـــــﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄــﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻜﺴــﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ‬
‫ﮔﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺴــﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﮔﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪Pmud‬‬
‫ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺳــﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﮔﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻭ ‪ T‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸــﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ T‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫‪ 5‬ﺷﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳــﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺷــﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 6‬ﻭ ‪ 7‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫‪ 8‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳــﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳــﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﻜﺴــﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺷــﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻜﺴــﺖ ﻛﺸﺸــﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﻢ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺴــﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻯ ‪ 6‬ﻭ ‪.(7‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﮔﺴــﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻓﻮﺭ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴــﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﺎﺯﻙﺗﺮ ﺷــﺪﻥ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﺩ‬
‫)ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻯ ‪ 7‬ﻭ ‪. (8‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴــﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣــﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳــﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴــﻤﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺴــﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻳــﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘــﻪ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﮔﺴــﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼــﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺗﻨــﺶ ﺍﻓﻘــﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗــﻞ )‪ (σh‬ﺩﭼــﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﺴــﺖ ﺑﺮﺷــﻲ ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳــﻦ‬
‫ﺷﻜﺴــﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺷــﻲ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳــﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﭘــﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣــﺪﺕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫــﻲ‬
‫‪ 6‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ‪ MEM‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ‬

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 ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ /‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ / 89‬ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﻣﺎﻩ ‪1391‬‬

‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬‫ﺭﻳــﺰﺵ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛــﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠــﺎﺩ ﺩﻭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴــﻪ ﭘﻬﻦﺗــﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﻢ‬

‫‪ (1‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳــﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﺩ ﻛــﻪ ﺷــﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳــﺪﺍﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ )‪ (σH‬ﻭ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ )‪ (σh‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴــﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻛﻢ ﮔﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ‪ NNE-SSW‬ﻭ ‪ WNW-ESE‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑــﺎ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺳــﻴﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧــﻲ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﮔﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷــﻜﺎﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 8‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ‪ MEM‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ‬ ‫‪ 7‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ‪ MEM‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ‬

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 ‫ﻣﻘــــﺎﻟـــــﺎﺕ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (5‬ﭘﻴﺸــﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻯ ‪ APWD‬ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺛﺒﺖ‬
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‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻖ ‪ 3015‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴــﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﭼﮕﺎﻟــﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﺷــﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﻢﺯﻣــﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﺗﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (6‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﺳــﻨﮓ ﺑﻪﺩﺳــﺖ‬
‫ﺁﻣــﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻐﺰﻩﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (7‬ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴــﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻤــﻖ ‪ 3015‬ﻣﺘﺮ )ﻗﺴــﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺣﻔــﺮﻩ ( ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳــﻲ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪ 24‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻘﻲ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﺎﻳــﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺳــﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺸــﻜﻼﺕ ﺣﻔــﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
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‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴــﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﭼﺎﻩﻫــﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﭘﺸــﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺴﻚ ﻧﺎﺷــﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ )ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴــﻚ ﻫﻢﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴــﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣــﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ ﻭ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ( ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺳــﺘﻮﻥ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺳــﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫‪ (8‬ﻣﺪﻝ ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷــﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺴــﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻲ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﻘﻮﻱ‪ 26‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﮔﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ‪/‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫)‪Mechanical Earth Model (MEM‬‬ ‫‪Formation Integrity Test‬‬ ‫‪Drilling Induced Fracture‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬
‫‪Meisam_afsari@yahoo.com‬‬ ‫‪Leak-off Test‬‬ ‫‪Compressional transit time‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬
‫‪Farhad_fb@yahoo.com‬‬ ‫‪Drill-stem Test‬‬ ‫‪Shear transit time‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬
‫‪Kick‬‬ ‫‪Modular formation Dynamics‬‬ ‫‪Unconfined Compressive Strength‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫)‪Non Productive Time (NPT‬‬ ‫‪Tester‬‬ ‫)‪(UCS‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫‪Pore Pressure‬‬ ‫‪Complete Loss‬‬ ‫‪Casing Shoe‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫‪Fracture Gradient‬‬ ‫‪Pore Pressure Gradient‬‬ ‫‪Managed Pressure Drilling‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬
‫‪Dipole Shear sonic Imager‬‬ ‫‪In-Situ Stresses‬‬ ‫‪Annular Friction Pressure‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬
‫‪Full-bore Microresistivity Imager‬‬ ‫‪Image Logs‬‬ ‫‪Annular Pressure While Drilling‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬
‫‪Logging While Drilling‬‬ ‫‪Borehole Breakout‬‬

‫ﻣﻨــــﺎﺑﻊ‬

‫‪[1] Afsari, M., Ghafoori, M.R., Roostaeian, M., Haghsh-‬‬
‫‪enas, A., Ataei, A., Masoudi, R., " Mechanical Earth‬‬
‫‪Model (MEM); an Effective Tool for Borehole Stability‬‬
‫")‪Analysis and Managed Pressure Drilling (Case Study‬‬
‫‪paper SPE 118780 presented at the 2009 SPE middle east‬‬
‫‪oil and gas show an conference held in Bahrain, King-‬‬
‫‪dom of Bahrain, 15-18 March 2009.‬‬
‫‪ver, Colorado, U.S.A., 5-8 October 2003.‬‬
‫‪[3] Plumb, R., Edwards, S., Pidcock, G., Lee, D., and Sta-‬‬
‫‪cey, B.: “The Mechanical Earth Model Concept and Its‬‬
‫”‪Application to High-Risk Well Construction Projects,‬‬
‫‪paper IADC/SPE 59128 presented at the 2000 IADC/‬‬
‫‪SPE Drilling Conference.‬‬

‫‪[2] Rahim, Z., Al-Qahtani, M. Y., Bartko, K. M., Goodman,‬‬ ‫‪[4] http://www.slb.com/~/media/Files/resources/oilfield_re-‬‬
‫‪H., Hilarides, W. K., and Norman, W. D.: “The Role of‬‬ ‫‪view/ors03/sum03/p22_39.ashx‬‬
‫‪Geomechanical Earth Modeling in the Unconsolidated‬‬
‫‪Pre-Khuff Field Completion Design for Saudi Arabian‬‬
‫‪Gas Wells,” paper SPE 84258 presented at the SPE An-‬‬
‫]‪ [5‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﭘﺘﺮﻭﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭼﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫‪nual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Den-‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‪/‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻓﻼﺕ ﻗﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬

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