7:30 wl = A eS Fans: Types What is a Fan? = Any device that produces a current of air by the movement of broad surfaces can be called a fan. = Fans fall under the general classification of “turbomachinery” and have a rotating impeller at least partially encased ina Stationary housing. = Fans are similar in many respects to pumps. Both are turbomachines that transfer energy to a flowing fluid. It is easy to distinguish between fans and pumps: pumps handle liquids; fans handle gasses. = Broadly speaking, the tunction of a fan is to propel, displace, or move air or gas. Types of Fans Azial fans Air flows through the impeller parallel to, and at a constant distance from the axis. The pressure rise is < Dryers and Drying Process > Scanned with CamScanner0 il = & Fans: Types Types of Fans Axial fans Air flows through the impeller parallel to, and at a constant distance from the axis. The pressure rise is provided by the direct action of the blades in an axial fan the air flows in parallel to the Shaft. It is common to classify axial fans upon their wheel-like: = C-wheel - Blades can be adjusted when running. High efficiency, small dimensions, the variable air volume = A-wheel - Blades can be adjusted only when the fan is standing still. High efficiency, small dimensions, adaptive to recommended air volume. = K-wheel - Blades can not be adjusted. Simple, small dimensions The pressure head developed fora single stage is up to 300 N/m?. Axial fans are suited for relatively large volumes compared to pressure. Fan, Axial . || Dryers and Drying Process > Scanned with CamScannerFans: Types The pressure head developed fora single stage is upto 300 N/m2. Azial fans are suited for relatively large volumes compared to pressure. 120 3 Fan, Axial —Total g efficiency 8 pressure —Static pressure —Power Total efficiency ‘b pressure, max. power, —Static efficiency 20 0 60 ‘% max. air vulume 20 100 www EngineeringToolbox.com| Airis pressurized by blades which creating aerodynamic lift. Typically provide large air volumes at relatively low pressures range from 250mmwc to 500mmwc. Efficiency varies from 45% - 85%. Popular with industry as compact, low cost and lightweight. Axial fans are frequently used in exhaust applications where airborne particulate size is small, such as dust streams, smoke, and steam. Types of Azial Fans Types | Characteristics Typical Application Low pressure, high flow, low < Dryers and Drying Process > Scanned with CamScannerWe ioe |] & Fans: Types Types of Axial Fans a Typical Types | Characteristics Application Low pressure, high flow, low efficiency, peak Air efficiency close| circulation, Propeller to point of free | ventilation, air delivery exhaust (zero static pressure) Medium pressure, high flow, higher efficiency than |HVAC, drying] Tube Azial propeller type, ovens, dipina exhaust pressure-flow systems curve before peak pressure point High pressure, medium flow, fit High- dipina pressuretlow a a Tatler Vane Azial) curve, use of Hain guide vanes uae improve efficiency systems. exhausts Propeller Axial Fan [Pyprocess Plant Mackinery- Propeller, Axial, and < Dryers and Drying Process > Scanned with CamScanner731 wl > €& Fans: Types Propeller Axial Fan [pyProcess Plant Machinery- Propeller, Axial, and Centrifugal Fans Characteristics: Have two or more blades that generate very high airflow volumes. Produces low stati¢ pressure (20-50)mmwC. Very low efficiencies of approximately 50%. Lightweight and inexpensive. Noise levels are higher than tube axial and vane azial fans. Application: Air circulation within a space or ventilation through a wall without attached ductwork, Ideally used for makeup or replacement air supply. Tube Azial Fans Characteristic: Tube axial fans havea wheel inside a cylindrical housing which improves the airflow efficiency. The pan rbis had ne nt tna: < Dryers and Drying Process > ‘Scanned with CamScanner731 wl = & Fans: Types Tube Azial Fans Characteristic: Tube axial fans have a wheel inside a cylindrical housing which improves the airflow efficiency. The number of blades range from 4 to 8. Capable of developing a more useful Static pressure range (250-400 mmWC). Efficiency of upto 65%. Application: Frequently used in exhaust applications. also used in some industrial applications such as drying ovens, paint spray. Vane Axial Fans [£2) MG Vaneazial Fans | American Fan Company Characteristic: Vane-axial fans are Similar to tube-azial fans with guide vanes that improves efficiency by directing the flow. Typically have 5 to 20 aerofoil type blades with a large hub Bee A piel < Dryers and Drying Process > ‘Scanned with CamScannerWe io |] e Fans: Types Vane Azial Fans [22)MG Vaneazial Fans | American Fan Company Characteristic: Vane-azial fans are similar to tube-azial fans with guide vanes that improves efficiency by directing the flow. Typically have 5 to 20 aerofoil type blades with a large hub diameter. Such fans generally used for pressure (upto 500 mmWC). They can achieve efficiencies up to 85%. Application: Typically used in high- pressure applications such as induced draft service for a boiler exhaust. Centrifugal Fans The centrifugal fan was invented in 1832 by military engineer Lieutenant General Alexander Sablukov of the Russian Empire's m petial Russian Army. Often called blowers, centrifugal fans vary differently from axial fans. The pressure of an incoming airstream is increased by a fan wheel a series of blades mounted ona cireular < Dryers and Drying Process > Scanned with CamScanner731 wl > i Fans: Types Centrifugal Fans The centrifugal fan was invented in 1832 by military engineer Lieutenant General Alexander Sablukov of the Russian Empire's Vm perial Russian Army. Often called blowers, centrifugal fans vary differently from axial fans. The pressure of an incoming airstream is increased by a fan wheel, a series of blades mounted ona circular hub. Centrifugal tans move air radially — the direction of the outward flowing air is changed, usually by 70°, from the direction of the incoming air. Air enters parallel to the azis of the fan and turns through 700 and is discharged radially through the blades. The blade force is tangential causing the air to spin with the blades and the main pressure is attributed to this centrifugal foree in a centrifugal fan the air flows are in a radial direction relative to the shaft. Centrifugal fans can be classified by their wheel like: = F-wheel - Curved forward blades. < Dryers and Drying Process > Scanned with CamScannerFans: Types = F-wheel - Curved forward blades. High efficiency, small dimensions, changing in pressure have little influence on pressure head. B-wheel - Curved backward blades. High efficiency, low energy consumption, changing in pressure has little influence on air volume. Low noise emission, stable in parallel running. P-wheel - Straight backward blades. High efficiency, self- cleaning, changing in pressure have little influence on air volume T-wheel - Straight radial blades. Self-cleaning. Suitable for material transport The different blades can be characterized as Shown in the capacity diagram below: Fan, Centrifugal Bacward PS Tota! pressure static pressure Power 8 8 88 Total efficiency static efficiency % pressure, max. power, efficiency _. o B o 2 4 6 8 100 % max. air vulume www EngineeringToolbox.com vee Fan, Centrifugal Forward MQ ret 7 pressure —Sitie i pressure —Power < Dryers and Drying Process > Scanned with CamScannerUe oe |] & Fans: Types Fan, Centrifugal Forward ‘pressure, max. power, efficiency 8 efficiency eo 0 e max. air vulume 100 www EngineerinaToalbox.com Rotating Impeller increases air velocity. Airspeed is converted to pressure. This fan produces High Pressure which ranges from 550 mmWC to 1400 mmWC. Efficiency varies from 60-83%. Used for Dirty air stream condition and material kandling application. Types of Centrifugal Fans aia Typical Type Characteristics Applications High pressure, Various medium flow, | industrial efficiency close| applications, Radial totube axial | suitable for fans, power dust-laden, increases moist continuously ais/gases Medium pressure, high |Low-pressure flow, dip in HVAC, Forward | pressure curve,| packaged Curved efficiency units, suitable Blades higher than | for clean and radial fans, dust-laden power rises air/gases a nmdinsinsnoles Dryers and Drying Process > Scanned with CamScanner731 wl > & Fans: Types Types of Centrifugal Fans Type Characteristics Typical Applications High pressure, Various medium flow, industrial efficiency close| applications, Radial totube axial | suitable for fans, power dust-laden, increases moist continuously ait/gases Medium pressure, high |Low-pressure flow, dip in HVAC, Forward | pressure curve,| packaged Curved efficiency units, suitable Blades higher than | for clean and radial fans, dust-laden power rises air/gases continuously High pressure, high flow, high efficiency, |HVAC, various) Backward | powerreduces | industrial Curved as flow applications Blades increases forced draft beyond the fans, ete. point of highest efficiency. Radial Blade Fans f € Dryers and Drying Process > Scanned with CamScannerne | ™) & Fans: Types Radial Blade Fans Characteristic: Usually contain 6 to 16 impeller blades. High static pressures up to 1400 mmWC can achieve with low flow rates. Low/medium airflow rates only. Efficiency ranges from 69% - 75%. Simple in design, Application: Suitable for handling heavily contaminated airstreams like dust-laden, Sawdust, ete. These are widely used in corrosive and high-temperature environments. A common configuration that offers several key benefits, while possessing certain drawbacks that may make it inappropriate for certain operating environments. Radial fans (also known as “paddlewheel” or “steel plate” fans) are usually used within the industry to move gases and other process materials. They are typically high-pressure systems that Dryers and Drying Process > Scanned with CamScannereno] ™) i Fans: Types Radial fans (also known as “paddlewheel” or “steel plate” fans) are usually used within the industry to move gases and other process materials. They are typically high-pressure systems that are used to handle combustion air and operate wellin harsh environments due to their rugged construction. Radial blade fans commonly feature the Strongest structural design in the field. They are made to be durable, resilient, and powerful enough to move large amounts of air - made possible by achieving the highest pressures of virtually any industrial fan configuration. In addition to being powerful, radial blade fans also are very easy to maintain. For facilities concerned about high ongoing maintenance costs — particularly with some more advanced configurations — radial blades can save money over the long run thanks to how easy it is to keep them operational. Forward Curved Blade Fan < Dryers and Drying Process > Scanned with CamScanner7:32 wl > A < Fans: Types Forward Curved Blade Fan forward curved centrifugal fan is characterized by its cylindrical shape and lots of small blades on the circum ference of the impeller. In the example shown below, the fan rotates in a clockwise direction. The forward curved impeller requires housing that converts high-velocity air leaving the tips of the impeller blade into a lower velocity static force. The shape of the housing also directs the airflow to the outlet. This type of fan housing is commonly known as a scroll; however, it can also be referred to as a volute ora sisocco housing. Characteristic: Usually contain 24 to 64 impeller blades. Produces low pressure up to 5 in-wg. Large airflow rates against relatively low static pressure. Efficiency ranges from 60% - 65%. lighter in construction and less expensive. Application: Suitable for clean air Dryers and Drying Process > Scanned with CamScannerPn | ™} < Fans: Types Characteristic: Usually contain 24 to 64 impeller blades. Produces low pressure up to 5 in-wg. Large airflow rates against relatively low static pressure. Efficiency ranges from 60% - 65%. lighter in construction and less expensive. Application: Suitable for clean air environment as, blades easily accumulated dirt. Well suited for low- pressure HVAC such as packed air conditioning equipment. Not constructed for high pressures or harsh service. Backward Curved Blade Fan Backward curved centrifugal fan is characterized by its cylindrical shape, several large curved blades, anda conical inlet nozzle. Characteristic: Usually contain 6 to 16 impeller blades. Produces high pressure (40 in-wa) with flow rates More efficient Dryers and Drying Process > Scanned with CamScanneren |} & Fans: Types Backward Curved Blade Fan Backward curved centrifugal fan is characterized by its cylindrical shape, several large curved blades, anda conical inlet nozzle. Characteristic: Usually contain 6 to 16 impeller blades. Produces high pressure (40 in-wg) with flow rates. More efficient than forward-curved blade efficiency ranges from 777%-83%. High maintenance cost. Application: Only recommended clean air stream containing no condensable fumes or vapors. A common application is foreed-draft. TEP E Dryers and Drying Process > Scanned with CamScanner