What is electrostatic discharge and how does it affect my computer?

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is the transfer of electrons from one object to another. You maybe
know ESD well as static electricity, or static shock. When you walk across carpet and then shock
yourself touching something metal, this is ESD.
You experience ESD far more than you might think. Indeed, the transfer of a static charge to or
from a human being cannot even be detected unless it is greater than 3,500 volts. In essence,
ESD occurs continually when any two or more objects come into contact.
The problem with ESD as it relates to computers is that humans don't feel ESD transfers less
than 3,500 volts, but most electronic computer devices are sensitive to charges at less than half
of this level. So, when you work on the internal components of your computer, you may
damage the components in the computer via ESD, and not even feel it.
When working on the inside of a computer, you should always take the most conservative
precautions available to help prevent damage from ESD. Many computer shops sell special
wristbands which aid in grounding you while working on computers. Furthermore, most devices
you purchase (e.g., a modem) will come with information on additional steps that you can take
to avoid damage from ESD.