Evaluation of TDDS

Evaluation of adhesive:Pressure sensitive adhesives are evaluated for followingproperties.Peel adhesion properties:- Peel
adhesion is the force required to remove an adhesive coatingfrom a test substrate. It is important in transdermal device
because theadhesive should not damage the skin on removal. peel adhesionproperties are affected by the molecules
weight of the adhesive polymer,the type and amount of additives, and polymer composition.

• It is tested by measuring the force required to pull a single coated tape, applied to a substrate at a 1800C angle.• No
residue on the substrate indicates adhesive failure which is desirable for transdermal devices.• Remnants on all substrate
indicates ‘cohesive failure’ signifying a deficit of cohesive strength in the coating.

Shear Strength properties:• Shear strength is the measurement of cohesive strength of an adhesive polymer. Adequate
strength means device will not slip on application and will not leave any residue on removal. It is determined by
measuring the time it takes to pull an adhesive coated tape off a stainless steel plate, when a specified wt is hung from
the tape which pulls the tape in a direction parallel to the plate.

In vitro drug release evaluation:1.In vitro permeation kinetics studies can be performed on hairlessmouse skin or human
cadaver skin by using franz diffusion cell or tworeservoir diffusion cell.2.In two reservoir diffusion cells, sink conditions
can be maintained.3.The permeation of nitroglycerins across human cadaver and hairlessmouse skin from different
Transdermal Drug Delivery therapeuticsystem was compared for their kinetics.4.It was noted that the rates of skin
permeation generated from theexcised skins of hairless mouse agree fairly with the date obtained fromhuman cadaver
skin, suggesting that hairless mouse skin could be anacceptable animal modes for human skin permeation kinetics
studies.

Franz diffusion cell• Franz diffusion cell and the keshary-chien (K-C) cell . the most widely used of these are the franz
diffusion cell and the k-c cell . The K-C Diffusion has an effective receptor volume of 12ml and skin surface area
3.14cm2 .The receptor solution is stirred by a star-head magnate rotating at a constant speed of 600 rpm .

In-vivo evaluation:AnimAl model:In vivo animal models are preferred because considerable time andresource are
required to carry out studies in human. Some of the animalare used to in vivo studies are mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit,
hairlessmouse, hairless rat, hairless dog, cat, dog, miniature pig, pig, horse, goat,squirrel, monkey. Etc.

Human model:The final stage in the development of transdermal device involves thecollection of pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamic data followingapplication of the device to human volunteers.Determination of absorption following
topical administration requiresthe investigator to know the amount of radioactivity retained in thebody, or excreted by
routs not monitored (assayed).This necessitates measurement of elimination following parenteral(ideally i.v.)
administration of the compoundThe percentage of dose absorbed transdermally is then calculated as% dose absorbed
=Total radioactivity excreted after topical administration /Total radioactivity excreted after I.v administration x100