1.

Atomic Structure and Periodic Table

1. An element X in the periodic table is represented as:

ZAX

a) What is denoted by ‘A’ and ‘Z’?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1]
b) Negative ion of X, X- has same number of electrons as argon
i) What is the name of element X?
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1]
ii) Give electronic configuration of one atom of element X
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1]
[Total 3 marks]

2. Mass spectrum can be used to calculate relative atomic mass of elements. Mass spectrum of
zirconium (Zr) is shown below:

a) Calculate relative atomic mass of zirconium.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

1
 _____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

[2]

b) Element Copper (Cu) has a relative atomic mass of 63.5. Two isotopes of copper exist: 63Cu and 65Cu.
Construct the mass spectrum of copper.

[2]

[Total 4 marks]

3. Isotopes of many elements exist in nature.

a) Define the term isotope
________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ [1]
b) Explain with reason whether following statement is true or not.
‘Isotopes have similar chemical properties but may have different physical properties’
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ [2]
[Total 3 marks]

4. Successive ionization energies of an element X are given below:

a) When X is ionized, what must be the charge on stable ion of X? Explain how you arrived at your
answer.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

[2]

b) Draw two possible shapes of orbitals present in valence shell of this element

2
 [2]

[Total 4 marks]

5. Mass spectrum of a molecule is shown below

a) Define Relative molecular mass.

________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ [1]
b) What is the Mr of this molecule?
__________________________________________________________________________________ [1]
[Total 2 marks]

6. Successive ionization energies of an element are plotted in the graph shown below

a) Define First Ionization Energy.

________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ [1]

b) Assuming the element has total 6 electrons

i) Draw orbital spin diagram of this element

3
[2]
ii) Explain the large jump between 4 th and 5th ionization energy.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
[3]
[Total 6 marks]

7. The variation in first ionization energy of 3rd period of elements are shown below:

a) List the elements of period three that belong to

i) s-block __________________________________________________________________________ ii)d-
block ____________________________________________________________________
iii) p-block ___________________________________________________________________
[3]
b) Suggest why Al has a lower first ionization energy than Magnesium?
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
[3]
[Total 6 marks]
8. Following elements are part of period 3 of periodic table.
Mg, Si, P, Cl

4
a) List these in order of increasing melting and boiling points.

Lowest

Highest

[2]

b) Explain in terms of structure and bonding your choice of element as having highest melting and boiling
point.
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
[4]
[total 6 marks]
9. Atomic radius of elements changes across a period.
a) state the general trend of atomic radius in period 3 as we move from left to right?
__________________________________________________________________________________ [1]
b) Explain the reason behind your answer to (a).
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
[3]
[Total 4 marks]

5
 10. This question is about electronic configuration.
a) State with reason whether the following statement is true or false?
‘Atomic emission spectra provide evidence for the existence of quantum shells’
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
[3]
b) Magnesium metal belongs to group 2 of periodic table.
Give electronic configuration of magnesium ion.
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1]

11. Phosphorous and sulphur both belong to period three of periodic table.
a) State which of these has higher first ionization energy than the other?
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1]
b) Explain the reasoning behind your answer to (a).
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ [2]
[Total 3 marks]

12. The graph below shoes the variation of first ionization energies of elements across periods.

6
a) In period 4, from K to Zn, ionization energies are very close together.
i) Suggest the block of periodic table these elements belong to
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1]
ii) Suggest why the ionization energies are close together?
________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
[1]
b) what is the general trend of first ionization energies down a group?
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1]

c) Describe the general trend of ionization energies along a period. Suggest the reason behind the trend.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

[4]

[Total 7 marks]

7
 13. First ionization energy of magnesium is greater than that of sodium but second ionization energy of
magnesium is lower than that of sodium
a) Define Second Ionization Energy.
________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ [1]
b) Write equation of second ionization of magnesium
_________________________________________________________________________________ [1]
c) Explain why second ionization energy of magnesium is lower than that of sodium
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ [2]
[Total 4 marks]

14. Explain how the following factors affect the ionization energy of atoms.
a) Attraction of nucleus
________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
[1]
b) distance of electron from nucleus
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
[1]
c) shielding effect
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
[1]
[Total 3 marks]

15. Bromine has two isotopes Br79 (50%) and Br81(50%).

a) Why are chemical properties of both isotopes the same?
________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
[1]
b) The mass spectrum of bromine gives 3 peaks. Draw possible mass spectrum of bromine.

[2]

8
[Total 3 marks]

16. The table below gives information about sub-atomic particles

a)Complete the table

[3]
b) Define Atomic number
__________________________________________________________________________________[1]
c) Define Mass number
__________________________________________________________________________________ [1]
[Total 4 marks]

17. Phosphorous, sulphur and chlorine belong to same period of the periodic table.
a) list them in order of increasing first ionization energy.
Lowest

Highest

[2]
b) Explain your answer to (a)
________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ [3]
[Total 5 marks]

18. Electronic configuration of an element is given below:

1s 2s22p63s23p2
2

9
 a) Identify the element.
______________________________________________________________________________
[1]

b) Draw the orbital spin diagram of neutral atom of this element .

[1]

[Total 2 marks]

19. Electronic configuration of an element is given below

1s 2s22p63s23p64s2
2

a) Identify the element from the periodic table

__________________________________________________________________________________ [1]
b) Give electronic configuration of its ion
__________________________________________________________________________________ [1]
c) Draw shapes of p and s orbital

[2]
[Total 4 marks]

20. Period 3 of periodic table does not contain transition metals.

a) State which block of periodic table do the transition metals belong to?
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1]
b) State p block elements of period 3.
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1]
c) List the elements you answered in (b) in order of decreasing atomic radii.
_________________________________________________________________________________
[1]

10