Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1- Sub-grade
The finished and compacted surface of earthwork on which a road pavement rests is
called subgrade or formation. The subgrade of a road may be provided on an
embankment, in cutting or existing ground level depending upon the topography and
the finalized formation level. It consists of well compacted natural soil brought to the
required camber and gradient. The thickness and type of pavement structure depend
upon the supporting power of the subgrade because the entire load of the pavement,
including the load of traffic transmitted through the pavement, is ultimately taken up
by the subgrade. The load-bearing strength of subgrade is measured by California
Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, falling weight deflectometer back calculations and other
methods.
Material
Material should be
1- Strong enough
3- Cheap
2- Sub-base
A layer of granular material provided in between the subgrade and the base
course in a road pavement is known as sub-base. It is provided as an
additional layer when subgrade is of poor quality. It consists of a layer
comparatively cheaper material like burnt clinker, natural gravel or slag.
Material
3- Base Course
Construction
Material
1- In case of Upper Road Base the material is of high quality as the load
intensity is high.
2- In case of Lower Road Base the material is of high quality as the load
intensity decreases.
4- Surface Course
It is the upper most layer of road cross section. It can be provided in one or
two layers
Construction
1- Binder Course.
2- Wearing Course (It is the layer which is in direct contact with the tyres of
the vehicle)
2- Binder Course binds the Wearing Course with the Road Base.
4- Saves the lower layers from abrasion and weathering effects of the
moving vehicles
Material
What is camber
Camber is the transverse slope provided to the road surface for the
drainage of the rainwater for the better performance of the road. Camber
can be written as 1 in n or x%.
Types of camber
1- Composite camber
It consists of two straight slopes from the edges with a parabolic or circular
crown.
It consists of two straight lines steeper near the edges and flatters near the
crown.
4- Barrel camber
Road Camber height depends upon
Advantages of camber
1- It reduces the road width as everyone will try to move on the middle of
the road.