INDONESIA

INDONESIA

Indonesia is an archipelago in Southeast Asia

comprising approximately 17, 500 islands. With over
238 million people, Indonesia is the world’s fourth
most populous country and is the fourth biggest
nation in the world.
 INDONESIA

Through interaction with other cultures such as

Indian, Arabic, Chinese and European, a wide range
of musical styles has been developed. Today, the
contemporary music of Indonesia is popular not only
in the region but also in the neighboring countries.
 INDONESIA

There are two basic kinds of Indonesian

music scale:
• Slendro – pentatonic scale
• Pelog – heptatonic scale
 SLENDRO

•Slendro (called Salendro by the

Sundanese) is the older of the
two most common scales used
in Indonesian Gamelan scale.
 PELOG
Pelog is one of the two essential
scales of Gamelan. In Javanese the
term is said to be a variant of the
word “pelag” meaning fine or
beautiful. Pelog has seven notes,
but many gamelan ensembles only
have keys for five of the pitches.
Even in ensembles that have all
seven notes, many pieces only use
a subset of five notes.
 INDONESIA

Both vocal and instrumental music

in Indonesia use slendro or pelog.
 INDONESIA

•Polyphonic Stratification kind of

melody is a result of hocket/interlock.
•Irama – is an Indonesian term for
tempo.
GAMELAN
 GAMELAN

The gamelan or gamelan orchestra is the most

popular form of music in Indonesia. It is a generic
term for traditional musical
ensembles of Java and Bali which comprises
predominantly of percussive instruments.
 GAMELAN

Instruments used in gamelan:

• Metallophones
• Kendang and Gongs
• Bamboo Flutes (Suling)
• Bonang
 METALLOPHONES

A metallophone is any musical

instrument consisting of tuned metal bars
which are struck to make sound, usually with
a mallet.
 METALLOPHONES

Mallet
 KENDANG AND GONGS

Kendang is a two-headed drum used by

peoples from Maritime Southeast Asia.
Kendang is one of the primary instruments
used in the Gamelan ensembles of Java and
Bali.
KENDANG
 KENDANG AND GONGS
Gongs are broadly of three types.
'Suspended gongs are more or less flat,
circular discs of metal suspended vertically
by means of a cord passed through holes
near to the top rim. Bossed gongs have a
raised centre boss and are often suspended
and played horizontally. Bowl gongs are
bowl-shaped, and rest on cushions and
belong more to bells than gongs. Gongs are
made mainly from bronze or brass but there
are many other alloys in use.
 KENDANG AND GONGS

Indonesian gongs are percussion instruments that

have a unique, bowl-like appearance, and a round
knob in the center. They're commonly used in
traditional gamelan music ensembles.
GONGS
 BAMBOO FLUTES (SULING)

Suling or Seruling is
an Indonesian bamboo ring flute. It is used
in gamelan ensembles. Depending on the regional
genre, a suling can be tuned into different scales.
Sulings are made mainly of "tamiang" bamboo, a
long, thin-walled bamboo tube. The mouthpiece of
the suling is circled with a thin band made
of rattan near a small hole.
BAMBOO FLUTES
 BONANG
The bonang is a musical instrument used in
the Javanese gamelan. It is a collection of small
gongs (sometimes called "kettles" or "pots") placed
horizontally onto strings in a wooden frame (rancak),
either one or two rows wide. All of the kettles have a
central boss, but around it the lower-pitched ones
have a flattened head, while the higher ones have
an arched one. They are typically hit with padded
sticks (tabuh).
BONANG
 INDONESIA

• Pesindhen – is a female soloist singer who sings with

a gamelan.
• Gerong – refers to the unison male chorus that sings
with the gamelan.