NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LEARNING AND PRINCIPLES AND MAXIMS OF

TEACHING

INTRODUCTION : Teaching is stimulating and challenging the student to learn, of enhancing has realization
of the values of a subject, helping one to bring to bear one’s own resources in formulating and pursuing a
method of attack on learning the subject and guiding one in the process.Learning is a change in performance
through conditions of activity, practice and experience. Learning is not only getting knowledge of subject matter
or skill in arts by study, by experience or by being taught, it is also an acquisition of habits, attitudes,
perceptions, preferences, interests, social adjustments, values and ideals. Learning is modification of behaviour
through experience and training.

TEACHING

DEFINITION

 Teaching is a form of interpersonal influence aimed at changing the behaviour potential of another
person. American Educational Research Association Commission.
 Teaching refers to activities that are designed and performed to produce change in student behaviour.
Clarke.
 Teaching is the task of teacher which is performed for the development of a child.
Thomas P Green.

NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TEACHING

 Teaching is an interactive process.

 Teaching is a process where teacher instructs and educates.
 Teaching is an art and science.
 Teaching is informal and formal which occur outside and inside the class.
 Teaching is task oriented.
 Teaching is a therapy to learner.
 Teaching stimulates the learner.
 Teaching facilitates learning.
 Teaching is modifiable by the use of mechanism of feedback devices.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING

 The principle of aim

 The principle of linking with actual life and other subjects
 The principle of planning 1. Selection. 2. Division 3. Revision
 The principle of flexibility and co-operation
 The principle of diagnostic and remedial teaching
 The principle of correlation
 The principle of active involvement and participation of students:-
 The principle of creating conducive environment
 The principle of effective strategies
 The principle of variety

MAXIMS OF TEACHING : Every teacher must familiarize himself/herself with the time honoured maxims
of teaching, which are evolved as a result of long experience in teaching and research in the educational
psychology. Some of the important maxims are-

 Proceed from the known to unknown

 Proceed from easy to difficult.
 Proceed from simply to complex
 Proceed from concrete to abstract
 Proceed from particular to general
 Proceed from analysis to synthesis
 Proceed from whole to parts
 Proceed from empirical to rational
 Proceed from psychological to logical
 Proceed from the actual to the representative
 Proceed from indefinite to definite
 Proceed from near to far
  Proceed inductively

LEARNING

DEFINITION

Any activity can be called learning so far as it develops the individual and makes his behaviour and experiences
different from what that would otherwise have been.
(Woodworth RS)

Learning is the process by which behaviour is originated or changes through practice and training.
Kingsley HL and Garry R

Learning is the process by which an organism is satisfying its motivation, adopts and adjusts its behaviour in
order to overcome obstacles or barriers.
Hunter and Hilgard.

CONCEPT OF LEARNING

Learning is not only getting knowledge of subject matter or skill in art by study, by experience or by being
taught, it is also an acquisition of habits, attitudes, perceptions, preferences, interests, social adjustments, values
and ideals. Learning is modification of behaviour through experience and training. The behaviour stated is a
combination of perception, purposeful observation, overt activity, thinking, and associated, motivational and
emotional reactions

CHARACTERISTICS OF LEARNING: The characteristics of learning are as follows-

1. Learning is unitary
2. Learning is individual and social
3. Learning is self-active
4. Learning is purposive
5. Learning is creative
6. Learning is transferable.
7. Learning is organizing experience
8. Learning is growth

PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING

The Joint task Force on Student Learning created by the American Association of Higher Education are the ten
principles of learning

SUMMARY

CONCLUSION