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Hydromechanics VVR090
Design of Channels
1
Objectives of Channel Design
General observations:
1
Q= AR 2 / 3 So1/ 2
n
Qn
= AR 2 / 3
So
⎛ Qn ⎞
Thus: max ⎜ = AR 2 / 3 ⎟ should be found for a given A
⎜ S ⎟
⎝ o ⎠
2
Best Hydraulic Cross Section II
3
Channel Design – General Aspects
Side Slopes
4
Channel Freeboard I
Lined channel
Channel Freeboard II
F = Cy
F: freeboard (ft)
y: design depth (ft)
C: coefficient (=1.5 for 20 ft3/s and 2.5 for 3000 ft3/s)
5
Flow Around a Channel Curve I
u 2b
Δh =
gR
b: channel width
R: distance from center of curve to centerline of channel
6
Use of Lined Channels
7
Design Procedure for Lined Channels
Design procedure:
1. Estimate n
2. Compute the value of the section factor
3. For appropriate expression for A and R, compute yN
4. Compute channel properties
5. Check minimum permissible velocity and Froude number
6. Estimate height of lining above surface and freeboard
7. Summarize results with dimensioned sketch
The base of the channel and the sides of the channel might be
lined with different material of same material with different
thickness.
Design procedure involves minimizing the total cost (C) of the
lining material:
min ( C ) = min ( Cb + Cs )
8
Design of Stable, Unlined, Earthen Channels
9
Theoretical Approach to Stable Cross Section I
τo = ρgRSo
τo = ρgy N So
Channel side
Channel bottom
10
Theoretical Approach to Stable Cross Section II
τ L Ae = Ws tan α
Ws
τL = tan α
Ae
Angle of Respose
11
Theoretical Approach to Stable Cross Section III
Ws tan 2 Γ
τS = cos Γ tan α 1 −
Ae tan 2 α
τS tan 2 Γ sin 2 Γ
K= = cos Γ 1 − = 1 −
τL tan 2 α sin 2 α
Angle of Repose
tana
12
Maximum Unit Tractive Force for
Different Materials
non-cohesive cohesive
13
Design Procedure for Unlined Channels
1. Estimate n
2. Estimate angle of repose for channel material
3. ...
14
Normal water depth:
1
Q= AR 2 / 3 S 1/ 2
n
2/3
1 ⎛ 12 y N ⎞
126 = 12 y N ⎜ ⎟ 0.000861/ 2
0.013 ⎝ 12 + 2 y N ⎠
2/3
⎛ 12 y N ⎞ 10.5
2.256 ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ − =0
⎝ 12 + 2 y N ⎠ yN
1/ 3
⎛ 1 ⎛ 126 ⎞ 2 ⎞
1/ 3
⎛ q2 ⎞
ycr = ⎜ ⎟ =⎜ = 2.24 m
⎝ g ⎠ ⎜ 9.81 ⎜⎝ 12 ⎟⎠ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠
Δxi =
(y+u 2
/ 2g )
i +1
− ( y + u2 / 2g )
i
So − ( n u / R2 2 4/3
) i +1/ 2
15
Table for Step Calculation
16