5/13/2020

WEBINAR HAKI 2020

Perancangan
Campuran Beton

Iswandi Imran

Strategy to Obtain Good Concrete

Strength Water/Cement Ratio

High
Performance

Durability Good Workability

casting ꞏ curing

Anti-freezing & thawing Pumpability

Anti-corrosive Consistency
Anti-carbonation Plasticity
Finishability
Chemical resistance

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Goals of Mix Design

Goals: 

Maximize Strength Reduce Cost

• Minimize water
• Use largest gravel possible for the job
• Control bleeding & 
• Minimize paste requirements
segregation

Provide Good Durability

• Use well graded aggregates
• Maximize void packing
• Reduce segregation

Design Consideration:  Obtaining Good Workability

Workability: the ease with which the concrete 
ingredients (gravel, sand, cement, water) can be 
mixed, transported, placed, consolidated, and 
finished with minimum loss of homogeneity.
 avoid bleeding, segregation, honeycomb etc.
(Pasal 26.4.3.1 dan 26.5.2)

• Need enough mortar to keep all the gravel 
particles apart
• Need enough cement paste to lubricate all 
the sand grains

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Design Consideration:  Prevent Segregation & Bleeding

Segregation:  the tendency for the 
gravel particles to separate from 
the rest of the ingredients.

Bleeding:  the tendency for the mixing 
water to separate from the rest of 
the ingredients.

Well Graded Aggregates  Reduce Segregation & Bleeding

Well Graded

Poorly Graded

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KETENTUAN SNI 2847‐2019
 Proporsi bahan untuk beton harus dibuat dengan 
memperhatikan aspek kekuatan, aspek durabilitas dan 
pelaksanaan

 Berdasarkan Pasal 19.2.1.1, nilai f’c harus memenuhi batasan

mutu yang dipersyaratkan SNI, persyaratan durabilitas dan
persyaratan kekuatan

 Ketentuan untuk nilai f’c harus didasarkan pada uji silinder  
kuat tekan potensial/ideal/spesifikasi

 Pasal 26.4.3.1

Batasan Kuat Tekan

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Persyaratan Bahan Beton terkait Kelas Paparan

Spesifikasi Semen yang Boleh Digunakan

 SNI 15-7064-2004 Semen portland

komposit (ASTM C595M)
 SNI 15-2049-2004 Semen Portland
 SNI 15-0302-2004 Semen portland
pozzolan (ASTM C595M)
 SNI 8363:2017 Semen portland slag
(ASTM C595M)
 SNI 2460:2014 Spesifikasi abu terbang
batubara dan pozolan alam mentah atau
yang telah dikalsinasi untuk digunakan
dalam beton (ASTM C618-08a, IDT)
 SNI 6385:2016 Spesifikasi semen slag
untuk digunakan dalam beton dan
mortar (ASTM C989 - 10, IDT)

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Batasan Persentase maks. pozzolan campuran beton

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Admixture

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ACI Standard Mix Design Method

• Ref: ACI 211.1‐91, ACI 214R‐11 and ACI 301‐16
• The standard ACI mix design procedure can be 
divided up into 8 basic steps:
1. Choice of slump
2. Maximum aggregate size selection
3. Mixing water and air content selection
4. Water‐cementitious ratio
5. Cementitious content
6. Coarse aggregate content
7. Fine aggregate content
8. Adjustments for aggregate moisture

Material Properties & Parameters
Needed for Design:

• Material properties/constants:
• SSD (Absorption) of Fine Aggregate
• FM and BSG of Fine Aggregate
• SSD (Absorption) of Coarse Aggregate
• Dry Rodded Unit Weight & BSG of Coarse Aggregate
• SG Cement and other cementitious materials
• Density of Water, etc.

• Parameters (specified by design 
consultant)
o Concrete strength and/or water‐cement ratio
o Slump (with and without admixture)
o Max. coarse aggregate size 

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Examples of
Material Data:

• Coarse aggregates:
• nominal maximum size = 37.5 mm
• dry‐rodded weight = 1610 kg/m3
• specific gravity = 2.68
• moisture content = 1.0 %
• absorption = 0.5 %

• Fine aggregates:
o fineness modulus = 2.80
o specific gravity = 2.64
o moisture content = 5.0 %
o absorption = 0.7 %

Step #1:
Select Slump

Table 1. Slump ranges for specific application (without admixture and with the use of vibrator)

Type of Construction Slump (mm)
Reinforced foundation, walls & footings 25 – 75

Plain footings, caissons & substructure walls 25 – 75

Beams & reinforced walls 25 – 100

Building columns 25 – 100

Pavements & slabs 25 – 75

Mass concrete 25 – 50

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Step #2:
Max. Aggregate Size Check

• SNI limits (Pasal 26.4.2.1):
 1/3 of the slab depth
 3/4 of the minimum clear space between bars/tendons
 1/5 of the least distance between forms

• Aggregate larger than these dimensions may be difficult to 
consolidate and compact  resulting in a honeycombed 
structure or large air pockets.

• Pasal 25.2.1  Spasi bersih minimum antara batang tulangan 
yang sejajar dalam suatu lapis haruslah tidak kurang dari nilai
terbesar db, 25 mm dan (4/3)dagg.

Step #3:
Determine Mixing Water & Air Content

Table 2. Approximate Mixing water & Air Content Requirements for Different Slumps
& Maximum Aggregate Sizes
Mixing water quantity in kg/m3
for the listed Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size
Slump
9.5 mm 12.5 mm 19 mm 25 mm 37.5 mm 50 mm 75 mm 100 mm

Non-Air-Entrained PCC

25 – 50 207 199 190 179 166 154 130 113

75 – 100 228 216 205 193 181 169 145 124

150 – 175 243 228 216 202 190 178 160 -

Typical entrapped
3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0.3 0.2
air (percent)

Air-Entrained PCC

25 – 50 181 175 168 160 148 142 122 107

75 – 100 202 193 184 175 165 157 133 119

150 – 175 216 205 197 184 174 166 154 -

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Step #3:
Determine Mixing Water & Air Content

Table 2. Approximate Mixing water & Air Content Requirements for Different Slumps
& Maximum Aggregate Sizes (continued)
Mixing water quantity in kg/m3
for the listed Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size
Slump
9.5 mm 12.5 mm 19 mm 25 mm 37.5 mm 50 mm 75 mm 100 mm

Air-Entrained PCC

Recommended Air Content (%)

Mild Exposure 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0

Moderate
6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0
Exposure

Severe exposure 7.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0

DEFINITION: Nominal maximum aggregate size is the largest sieve that retains some of the aggregate particles.

Step #4:
Select W/C Ratio based on Required Strength

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Step #4:
Select W/C Ratio based on Required Strength

Table 3. Water-Cementitious Ratio (by weight) and Compressive Strength Relationship

(after ACI 211.1)

W/Cm Ratio by Weight
28‐day Compressive Strength 
in MPa Non‐Air‐
Air‐Entrained
Entrained

42 0.41 –
35 0.48 0.40
28 0.57 0.48
21 0.68 0.59
14 0.82 0.74

Step #5:
Cement Content

• The calculated cement amount is based on 
the selected mixing water content and 
water‐cement ratio.

Weight of Water
W/Cm =  Weight of Cement

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Step #6:
Coarse Aggregate Content

Table 3. Volume of Coarse Aggregate per Unit Volume of Concrete for Different Fine Aggregate
Fineness Moduli (after ACI 211.1)

Fine Aggregate Fineness Modulus
Nominal Maximum 
Aggregate Size 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0

9.5  mm 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.44

12.5  mm 0.59 0.57 0.55 0.53
19  mm 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.60
25  mm 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.65
37.5  mm 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.69
50  mm 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.72
These values can be increased by up to about 10 % for pavement applications or reduced by 10% for more workable concrete.
Coarse aggregate volumes are based on oven‐dry‐rodded weights obtained
in accordance with ASTM C 29.

Step #7:
Fine Aggregate Content

Unit Volume (1 m3)
‐ Volume of mixing water
‐ Volume of air
‐ Volume of Portland cement
‐ Volume of other cementitious materials
‐ Volume of coarse aggregate
= Volume of fine aggregate

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Step #8:
Batch Weight & Water Adjustment

‐ Aggregate weights
‐ Aggregate volumes are calculated based on oven dry unit weights, but aggregate 
is batched in the field by actual weight.
‐ Any moisture in the stockpiled aggregate will increase its weight.
‐ Without correcting for this, the batched aggregate volumes will be incorrect.

‐ Amount of mixing water
‐ If the batched aggregate is anything but saturated surface dry it will absorb 
water (if dry) or give up water (if wet) to the cement paste.
‐ This causes a net change in the amount of water available in the mix and must 
be compensated for by adjusting the amount of mixing water added.

Water Correction

• Any water content in aggregates above SSD 
water content must be subtracted from the 
water requirements

• Any water requirement of aggregates (below the 
SSD water content) must be added to the water 
requirements

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Terima Kasih

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