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  • 4 Stem and Branching Types

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    Kamilatul Khoiroh
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    The document summarizes different types of stems in plants. It describes underground stems like rhizomes, corms, tubers, and bulbs. It also describes aerial stems and their growth forms such as erect, trailing, prostrate, decumbent, diffuse, caudex, culm, and excurrent. Specialized stems discussed include runners, stolons, suckers, scapes, and climbing stems. The document also covers branching patterns based on angle and characteristic growth forms of branches.

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    The document summarizes different types of stems in plants. It describes underground stems like rhizomes, corms, tubers, and bulbs. It also describes aerial stems and their growth forms such as erect, trailing, prostrate, decumbent, diffuse, caudex, culm, and excurrent. Specialized stems discussed include runners, stolons, suckers, scapes, and climbing stems. The document also covers branching patterns based on angle and characteristic growth forms of branches.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    84 views2 pages

    4 Stem and Branching Types

    Uploaded by

    Kamilatul Khoiroh
    The document summarizes different types of stems in plants. It describes underground stems like rhizomes, corms, tubers, and bulbs. It also describes aerial stems and their growth forms such as erect, trailing, prostrate, decumbent, diffuse, caudex, culm, and excurrent. Specialized stems discussed include runners, stolons, suckers, scapes, and climbing stems. The document also covers branching patterns based on angle and characteristic growth forms of branches.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 2

    Types of Stem Underground

    Main axis of shoot system of plants.


    Stem
    Aerial Stem is the ascending part of shoot axis

    which is positively phototropic, negatively


    geotropic.

    Stem Develops from Plumule of embryo.

    Rhizome Corm
    Tuber Bulb
    A horizontal . A much enlarged An A short,
    underground portion of underground thickened,

    Erect Weak stem underground


    stem
    and reduced
    stem
    upright
    position

    Trailing

    Specialized
    Prostrate Decumbent Diffuse
    Stem
    Caudex Culm
    Lying on the ground Trailing stem with
    An unbranched, Solid nodes and Stem lying flat on many spreading
    stout, hollow the ground
    but the apex Phylloclade Cladode
    ascending branches
    cylindrical stem internodes
    Phylloclode :
    Creeping
    flattened or Cladode:
    rounded succulent phylloclade of
    stem, developed or one internode
    Runner Stolon Sucker
    modified into (Asparagus) or two
    Offset
    Creeping on the A slender, A horizontal, Developing from spines internodes
    Excurrent ground and rooting elongated, gives rise short, more or less underground stem,
    Scape
    at the nodes, to a new plant thickened, prostrate growing obliquely (Ruscus) only
    Giving a A leafless, usually
    at its tip branch upwardst
    conical appearance unbranched
    to the tree Climbing
    Deliquescent Rootlet: climbing by its roots Tendril: stem climbing by Twiner: climbs by
    Giving a rounded or given off from its nodes spirally-coiled structures twining its body round
    the support
    spreading Hook: climbing by the help Leaf: climbing by its
    appearance to the petioles Lianes: A long woody
    of recurved thorns
    perennial twiner Rootlet  Hook Hook Leaf
    tree; Twiner
    Climber Climber Climber Climber
    Branching

    Branching Types
    based on the size based on the-
    of the angle characteristic
    1. Upright ( Fastiguatus)
    1. Collectors
    : <30° /has no branch
    : small, growing, creeping
    2. Leaning up(Patens)
    2. Virga singularis
    : around 45° divided into :
    3. Horizontal : fast growing, long
    : around 90° creeping above 3. Virga (sterile branch)
    4. Droop (Declinatus) the ground : never produce flower
    : <120° 4. Virgula (fertille branch)
    creeping in
    5. Hanging (Pendulus) : produce fruits and flower in
    the ground
    : >120° one branch

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