Issue 14, Oct 2020

SINGLE BUYER

ELECTRIFYING
THE FUTURE

REMARKS FROM

SINGLE BUYER
Let me begin by wishing all our readers good health in this challenging time.
The Covid-19 virus outbreak has pushed the country into one of the biggest economic crises in recent memory. In
the power sector, the fallout from the pandemic has significantly impacted energy consumption and electricity
demand especially after the implementation of the Movement Control Order (MCO). Lockdown measures saw
demand plummeted to record low due to closures of many businesses and industries.
The crisis has brought to the fore the need for us to be flexible and adaptable. Initiatives like work from home that
has emerged from this crisis is an example of how the crisis has changed the way we work in this new normal.
This year marked another milestone in NEDA with the recent launching of NEDA 2.0. We hope the enhancements
and improvements made in NEDA 2.0 will attract more participants in the NEDA market to create a more vibrant
and competitive generation sector.
In spite of the crisis brought by the virus outbreak, renewable energy continues to make inroads in the energy mix.
Large scale solar (LSS) implementation which has been identified as one of the programmes to stimulate economic
recovery post Covid-19 will further increase solar capacity in the system. SB will do our level best to facilitate and
support any initiative to realise the country’s RE aspirations.
I would like to convey sincere thanks to all our readers for your support. We look forward to keep you updated with
the developments in the industry in future WattsUp issues.
Finally, I hope everyone stay safe and protect ourselves and loved ones in the fight against Covid-19.

Charanjit Singh Gill

Chief Executive Officer
Single Buyer

WATT’S INSIDE:
NEDA Participant Types War of the Currents
NEDA — Engagement Activities GDP Forecasting Workshop & Peak Demand
NEDA Enhancement 2.0 Workshop Forecasting Workshop
Single Buyer Ring-Fencing Work from Home
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) Earth Day
On-site Training with General Electric Meet the People Behind SB — Amirul
Watt’s Happening Market Watch & SB Corner
In this edition, we take a look at the 5 different types of NEDA Participants.
Of these 5 categories, Price Taker is the only non-bidding participant.

1 Existing PPA/SLA Gen. Bidding Settlement

 VOR  Pay as bid

Generator
(PPA/SLA)

Solar Power Producer Bidding Settlement

 Bid Price  Paid At Bid Price - If Bid
 Only open to LSS3
Price is not more than
 Eligible to participate in Energy Rate in PPA and
NEDA once the obligation SMP
under the Solar PPA to
 Paid at Excess Energy
provide the Maximum
Annual Allowable Quantity Rate - If Bid Price is more
than Energy Rate in PPA or
(MAAQ) is fulfilled
SMP
VOR

Ex-PPA/SLA Gen. Bidding Settlement

Price Quantity
Heat rate/and or VOR
 Price-Quantity
Utilizing Power Sector gas  Actual SMP
Merchant Generator

Large Merchant Bidding Settlement

(Non PPA/SLA)

 Co-Gen Plant  Price-Quantity  Actual SMP

 Ex-PPA/SLA on Own Fuel
 Franchise Utility
 Ex-PPA/SLA and Large Merchant Gener-
 Part PPA/SLA Pay as Bid Actual
 Ex-PPA/SLA and Large Merchant Gener-
Price Taker Higher of Forecast andBidding
Actual Actual Settlement

 Co-Gen Plant  Do not bid  Actual SMP

 Ex-PPA/SLA on Own Fuel  Submit Planned
Generation
 Franchise Utility
Schedule
 RE Plant
 02
01 MEETING WITH ASIA MERANTI
8 January 2020, Bangsar | A meeting was held with
Asia Meranti, a local company that has commissioned
three solar plants in Perak under the LSS2 program.

03
The company has registered to participate in NEDA as a
Price Taker through a new solar plant named Taiping
Solar of 9.99 MW capacity. Following the issuance of
registration verification by SB in February 2020, Taiping
Solar is set to become the first solar participant under
05
MEETING WITH ENGIE ENERGY SERVICES

the Price Taker’s category. 5 February 2020, Bangsar | This French Utility
company, which has collaborated with a local company
02 MEETING WITH TNB RENEWABLE ENERGY in the LSS3 program is one of the five shortlisted
bidders by ST with a solar plant capacity of 100 MW.
14 January 2020, Bangsar | A meeting was held
They were keen to learn on how they could participate
with TNB Renewable Energy (TNBRE) to discuss the
in NEDA under the Solar Power Producer category.
potential of establishing a solar plant to participate
in NEDA as a Price Taker.
06
MEETING WITH VSD AUTOMATION
03 MEETING WITH ALLIANCE STEEL
18 February 2020, Bangsar | A meeting was held
17 January 2020, Bangsar | A meeting was held with VSD Automation, a company that is specialized in
with Alliance Steel which intends to sell the excess smart meters. The company has few co-generation
energy from its co-generation plant in Kuantan to plants and is exploring the prospect of participating in
NEDA as a Price Taker. NEDA as a Price Taker.

04 MEETING WITH PETRONAS GAS BERHAD 07 MEETING WITH MALAYSIAN REFINERY

23 January 2020, Bangsar | Subsequent to the initial
meeting held on 11 November 2019, CUF has expressed
their interest to participate in NEDA as a Price Taker
through it existing four facilities i.e. Centralised Utility
Facilities Kerteh, Centralised Utility Facilities Gebeng,
Gas Processing Santong and Gas Processing Kerteh.
COMPANY SDN BHD (MRCSB)
26 February 2020, Sg Udang | A meeting was held
with MRCSB at their plant in Sg Udang, Melaka. The
subsidiary company of PETRONAS is exploring the
potential of selling the excess energy from its co-
generation plant to NEDA as a Price Taker.

Briefing to NUR on 7 January 2020

Briefing sessions to explain on the changes to the
Guidelines for NEDA affecting Price Takers were
held for NUR, PCFK and PERSTIMA on 7 January
2020, 10 January 2020 and 15 January 2020
respectively.
The changes are:
1) Payment at Actual SMP instead of the higher of
Forecast and Actual SMP
2) Imposition of minimum capacity for settlement at
100 kW or 1% of plant’s installed capacity,
whichever is higher
SB organised a workshop on NEDA Enhancement 2.0
recently at Sheraton Hotel, Petaling Jaya on 13 August
2020. Objectives of the Trial Run
The participants of this workshop included ST, GSO,
Familiarise parties involved in NEDA
existing PPA/SLA Gas generators, existing NEDA
Participants and potential NEDA participants. 1 operation with the use of the enhanced
NEDA platforms (OSSC and MPI)

The main objectives of this workshop are:

Assess and refine the operation of the
1. to recap the scopes of NEDA Enhancement following
the amendments made to the Guidelines for NEDA;
2. to brief participants on the NEDA 2.0 Trial Run to
2 enhanced NEDA platforms for better
implementation
ensure a smooth and effective trial run; and
3. to demonstrate the enhanced MPI Platform
Obtain feedback from stakeholders and
The NEDA 2.0 Trial Run will start from 14 September 2020
to 13 November 2020 for a duration of 2 months. It will
3 NEDA participants in relation to NEDA
2.0 implementation
include both the MPI and OSSC Trial Run.

Four main scopes will be covered during the Trial Run i.e Attract more generators to participate
Bidding, Scheduling, Dispatch, and Settlement. However,
there is no actual cash transaction for settlement
purposes between SB and NEDA Participants.
4 in NEDA by providing them with
strategising and bidding opportunities

Brief overview of the
purpose of Ring-Fencing
Practices & Procedures
Head of SB & structure
of SB within TNB
Uniform & transparent
operations, sharing of
information &
confidential information
HR functions, contract of
employment, & transfer
of employees
Compliance officer, &
consultation &
escalation
Uniform & Transparent
Operations
1. SB shall practice SOPs for its
various functions which
shall be applied uniformly
to ensure no Generator is
favoured over other
Generators
2. The relevant SOPs shall be
made available on SB
Website to promote
transparency
The third part of this series is an overview of
Annex 2 of the Guidelines i.e. Ring-Fencing
Practices and Procedures for Single Buyer
Definitions & conventions to
be used in the document
Physical separation from
Participants & SB’s corporate
identity
Finance functions & reporting
in SB
ICT functions & operations in
SB
Sharing of
Information
1. SB shall practice standard
protocols for requesting of
information from other
Single Buyer Market
Participants
2. Request of information from
other Participants shall be
made in writing to the Head
of SB.
Annex 2 sets out the operating practices
and procedures in the operations of SB
to ensure compliance with the general
ring-fencing obligations and principles
as laid down by the Act and the Single
Buyer Market Rules and to promote
transparency in the operations of SB
As part of the corporate identity
exercise pursuant to Chapter 4 of
Annex 2, SB launched its own logo in
2017 for use in all official matters. SB is
referred to as “Ring-fenced entity
pursuant to the Electricity Supply Act
1990“.
Confidential
Information
1. SB shall practice additional
security protocols over any
confidential information
originating from or relating
to the functions of SB
 Photo: Telok Gong CCGT Plant

CCGT is an assembly of two turbines i.e. gas turbine and steam turbine that work in tandem with
synchronous generator to produce energy using the same source of heat. CCGT utilises natural gas as fuel
to deliver high efficiency power into electricity grid.

Major components of CCGT plant Thermodynamic cycles

Gas Turbine (GT)
GT compresses air and mixes it with natural gas that is
heated to a very high temperature. The hot air-fuel mixture
moves through the gas turbine blades making them spin.
Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG)
HRSG captures exhaust heat from the gas turbine and
delivers it to the steam turbine.
Steam Turbine (ST)
The steam turbine sends its energy to the generator, where
it is converted into electrical power to the grid.
Simple Cycle
Waste heat from gas turbine exhaust is not used to supply
to another external heat engine. Simple cycle gas plants
have great operational flexibility and can start up quickly.
Combined Cycle
Waste heat from gas turbine generator is used to make
steam to generate additional electricity via a steam turbine.
By generating power from gas and steam, the overall
efficiency is higher than simple cycle.

Sim Co
Single shaft CCGT configuration consists of gas and steam turbines on one shaft line connected by a synchronous
self-shifting (SSS) clutch, and they drive a single, common generator. The balance of plant (BOP) systems in a single-
shaft configuration are harmonized resulting in fewer individual components. This is in contrast to multi-shaft
configurations, where the steam and gas turbines are on different shaft lines, supported by separate BOP systems,
and drive their own independent generators.

BENEFITS OF SINGLE SHAFT CCGT TECHNOLOGY

FLEXIBLE
Higher operating flexibility e.g. faster start-up

EFFICIENT
High output efficiency

SMALLER FOOTPRINT
Compact design compared to mullti-shaft leads to smaller footprint for single shaft CCGT plant

COST EFFECTIVE
Large unit and high efficiency translates into competitive levelised cost of electricity (LCOE)
 Image: 9HA gas turbine, General Electric

Several SB staff were given the opportunity to learn from GE

experts about 9HA gas turbine, the latest and most efficient gas
turbine manufactured by GE. The training was conducted at
Southern Power Generation Sdn Bhd (SPG) in Pasir Gudang, Johor.
The site and classroom trainings was conducted by Southern
Power Generation (SPG) as part of their training program to
familiarize with the new GE turbine functioning and technology.
The main objectives of this training course are to provide an
opportunity for the participant to acquire a fundamental
understanding of many aspects of new GE gas turbine engine
performance and it’s important components applicable to its
operation and maintenance in the following areas: With Mr Domingo Aleman (second from left), an expert from GE
SLA with TNB ICT which include support, security and availability

1) Gas Turbine Operation

2) Generator & Ancillaries System
3) CCGT Introduction
4) HRSG & Steam Turbine

The training was held from 27 Jan 2020 until 6 March 2020 at SPG
Site in Pasir Gudang, conducted by GE experts from their
headquarters and was participated by SPG, SB, TNB REMACO,
Energy Ventures and TNB Generation.

SPG Site training was conducted to have a better understanding

in term of the gas turbine’s main components
 Site visit to SKS Prai Power Plant
Seberang Prai, Pulau Pinang
6 February 2020 In conjunction with SKSP Major
Outage from 1 January to 7 March 2020, SB and GSO
arranged a site visit to the power plant. The main
objective of this visit is to further understand the
operation and maintenance being done at the station.
The participants had the opportunity to observe how a
major overhaul is done and have a closer look at the
generators and other auxillary systems at the power
plant.
SB Townhall Session
Bangsar South, KL
14 February 2020 SB organised a townhall session in
February 2020 to increase staff readiness in facing any
challenges arising out of MESI 2.0 development. The
session was led by the head of SB, Mr Charanjit Singh
and supported by all senior management of SB.
SB ISMS Workshop
Bangsar South, KL
26-28 February 2020 SB organised a few series of
workshops with Nexagate Sdn. Bhd. to understand the
ISMS process and its implementation. In this workshop,
the ISMS project committee prepared and reviewed SB’s
ISMS manual and documentation guidelines as part of
the ISMS requirements. The manual and guidelines will
serve as a reference document during the ISMS
implementation stage for SB. This is the third workshop
on ISMS held by SB.
Site Visit to Pengerang
Pengerang, Johor
4 March 2020 A one-day technical visit to Pengerang
RGT and Pengerang Power Sdn. Bhd. was organised
involving 16 SB staff. The visit was organised for SB to
understand the technical process of Pengerang RGT and
Pengerang Power Sdn. Bhd. as well as building a good
rapport between the operation and management team
of all parties. In addition, SB staff were taken on a site
tour around the RGT complex and Pengerang Power Co-
Generator Plant. SB also took the opportunity to have a
short meeting to introduce and promote the NEDA
programme to Pengerang Power Sdn. Bhd.
War of the currents was a series of AC system prevailed in the end due to it being a more
practical way of transmitting power over long distances.
events that took place in late 19th
Today, our electricity is dominated by AC system but
century that saw two competing modern electronics and many other things all run on DC
electric transmission systems power.

battling for supremacy. So it appears that War of the Currents may not yet be over.
Instead of continuing in further battles, both systems are
The war had its root from the development of two distinct seen as complementing each other today as they have their
lighting systems i.e. arc lighting running on high-voltage AC, own advantages.
and incandescent lighting running on low-voltage DC
invented by Thomas Edison. The systems were replacing None of this would be possible without the genius of Tesla
the old gas lighting systems that had been common in the and Edison.
era.
In mid 1880s, the low-voltage DC system faced a
competition in the form of George Westinghouse. The
Westinghouse system used transformers to step down high
-voltage AC to low-voltage AC so that it could suitably be
used for indoor lighting.
Westinghouse developed the systems based on Tesla’s
patents, many of which were scorned by Edison himself
when Tesla worked for him. Tesla’s ideas formed the
foundation of the universally used AC system today.
Alleged safety concerns of AC system were propagated by
promoters of DC system at the time to try to discredit their
competitor. At one time, execution of live animals using AC Harold Brown demonstrating the killing power of AC to the
system was put on public display to prove their claims. New York Medico-Legal Society by electrocuting a horse
SB developed a long term Gross Domestic Product (GDP) forecast model in collaboration
with RAM Sustainability Sdn Bhd and Monash University in 2018. As part of the deliverables
in the collaboration, a workshop on theoretical and practical aspects of GDP forecasting was
conducted by Monash University.

The workshop ran for five days from 13

January 2020 until 17 January 2020 at
Monash University. 16 staff from SB, ST
and RAM attended the workshop led by
the project team from Monash
University.
As the most significant economic driver
in long term demand forecast, it is
important to continuously update and
maintain the relevance of GDP forecast
results from the model.
Participants were trained on how to
incorporate economics variables in GDP
forecast model, using statistical
software and conducting statistical
analysis.

SB recently embarked on a study in 2020 to develop a new peak demand forecasting

framework for long term planning. The study also reviews SB’s current forecasting
framework and benchmarks peak demand forecasting frameworks with other countries. A
workshop was held on 4 August 2020 to brief the industry stakeholders on the outcome of
the study.

Itron Inc. from the United States was appointed to

develop the new peak demand forecasting
framework for SB. The study ran from April 2020
and was completed in August 2020.
Based on the findings of the study, Itron developed
the new peak demand forecasting framework that
addresses SB’s concerns and considers the major
uncertainties such as renewable energy (RE), energy
efficiency (EE), electric vehicles (EV), etc that are
expected to occur over the next 21 years.
The workshop was attended by representatives
from ST, TNB STAR, TNB Distribution Network, and
TNB Grid.
The principal consultant from Itron walked the
participants through the new framework via video
conferencing. Many valuable feedbacks and inputs
from the participants were gathered and
incorporated in the study.
Watt Say
Many companies and organisations required their staff to work from
home (WFH) during the enforcement of Movement Control Order
(MCO) to curb the Covid-19 outbreak. SB staff were also allowed to

You
WFH from March 2020 until June 2020 in order to comply with the
order. We asked a few SB staff to share their WFH experience during
the period.

WFH during the MCO period was a great
flexibility where it allowed me to work
during my productive time and improve my
work life balance. In addition, I did not have
to endure a long commute to and from
work which saved me a lot of time and
money. I felt a lot less stressed too. I also liked that I
could wear the most comfortable attire during WFH.
I did miss the office and my colleagues though.
The trust and confidence that the
management and the bosses have placed
in us put me in a positive frame of mind
and made me committed to my work
during the WFH. Despite the greater
flexibility that we had during WFH, I found
that I could manage my schedule
effectively and be more focused and productive at
the same time. But I must say that I missed my
teammate and colleagues during the WFH!

Prisiliawatie Binti Sahimi Zalinawati Othman Poh

Settlement and Clearance New Energy

WFH allowed me to experience a brighter I was at my kampung in Perak when MCO

side of work and life balance without the
daily commute in KL traffic. I found the
convenience and comfort of home
motivated a lot. Limitation on interaction
with colleagues was not a problem with
technology like Webex, Zoom etc. I think
striking a balance between WFH and work at the
office can prove to be the most productive
arrangement for both the company and employee.
started so I spent almost the entire WFH
period there due to travel restriction. We
were quite busy during MCO but I was
lucky that my mom and husband were
there to help me. I personally think that
WFH is a good initiative and we should
make the best out of it. Being able to work in the
comfort of our home and not having to face traffic
jam are definitely a plus!

Joel Praveen a/l Makenthiran Noor Suryanni binti Ab. Rani

Technical Advisory (Generation) Load Forecast
Earth Day 2020 theme Earth Day is an annual event celebrated
is climate action. around the world on
Climate action means stepped-up efforts
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and
strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity
to climate-induced impacts, including:
climate-related hazards in all countries;
integrating climate change measures into
national policies, strategies and planning;
and improving education, awareness-
raising and human and institutional
capacity with respect to climate change to demonstrate support for
mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction
environmental protection.
What is Climate Change?
The first Earth Day was in
Climate change is the long term alteration of
temperature and typical weather patterns in a
place. Climate change could refer to a particular
location or planet as a whole.

Don’t waste food: serve small portion

The planet's average surface temperature has Use energy wisely: switch off
risen about 1.62
degrees Fahrenheit lights and appliances when not
(0.9 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th in use
century, a change driven largely by increased Reduce unnecessary paperwork
carbon dioxide and other human-made or go paperless
emissions into the atmosphere.

Green your commute: take public

The oceans have absorbed much of this transport or carpool to work
increased heat, with the top 700 meters of
ocean showing warming of more than 0.4
Reward for biggest paper/plastic reduction
degrees Fahrenheit since

Glaciers are retreating almost everywhere Experience nature-employee outing to

around the world — including in the a forest reserve or lake nearby
Alps, Himalayas, Andes,
Organise Earth Day awareness program
Rockies, Alaska and Africa.
Create vegetable patch at work
Data from NASA's GRACE and GRACE Follow-On satellites
show that the land ice sheets in both Antarctica and
Greenland have been losing mass since 2002.
 PROTEGE
AT SINGLE BUYER
Mohamad Amirul Bin Adnan
In this edition, we speak to Amirul
Adnan about his background, his role
in SB and his past experiences and life
aspirations
WattsUp: Thank you for lending us your time
for this short interview. May you share with us
a brief overview of your background?
Amirul: I was born in Pahang and I got a Diploma
in Pembangunan Perisian, Internet & Multimedia
from Kolej Islam Pahang (KIPSAS) and later
graduated from the Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia (UKM) with a bachelor’s degree in
Software Engineering majoring in Multimedia.
Upon graduation, I worked in an engineering
company as a developer for almost a year. During
my leisure time, I also do some freelance projects
to sharpen my skills set to meet the current
demand for the future market.
WattsUp: How and when did you join SB and
what is your role here?
Amirul: I joined SB in November 2019 when I
received a notification from a TNB job
advertisement portal about Protégé programme
while browsing for a new vacancy. My role here is
similar to my past job as a developer. I am tasked
to build a disaster recovery system for SB Website
and also a staff portal for SB where it acts as a
one-stop platform for data placement and
collection in SB.
WattsUp: Do you have any work experience or
industrial-practice/internship prior moving to
SB?
Amirul: Yes, I used to intern at Wasco Coating
company and developed a system for their IT
department. The system is used to track and
manage all troubleshooting records by the staff.
While on my second internship at DRB-Hicom, I
developed a system for their warehouse to track
orders using scanner devices. Last but not least,
on my first job at RWNA Engineering, I developed
a mobile application to synchronize with their
EPICOR web system. I was able to put my
knowledge of PHP Language as well as mobile
programming languages such as JAVA and HTML
to practice during this period.
WattsUp: Would you like to share your
hope as your working here in SB ?
Amirul: I hope the system I have developed is
able to improve the productivity of SB staff. I
also hope that my time in SB would help me
to develop myself as a person as well as
preparing myself to the upmost challenge in
in my career. Being a Protégé in SB is a
stepping stone for me and I hope the
experience I have gained here could help me
to thrive in my future career.
WattsUp: Would you share with us who is
your role model as you grow up? Why? And
does he or she shape your passion?
Amirul: I don't have a role model, but if I have
to pick one then I will choose Bill Gates. He
has gained mass fortune without losing his
passion for helping others and improving the
world at the same time. He inspires me to
always strive to improve myself and continue
learning new things through coding while
enhancing people's lives. It's like killing two
birds with one stone.
WattsUp: What do you like the most about
SB?
Amirul: SB has an excellent reputation as a
great place to work. SB places a high value on
its employees and encourages them to learn,
grow, and innovate inside the company. This
means that employees happily work here for
many years, far beyond the average length
with one employer.
WattsUp: What are the biggest challenges
here in SB?
Amirul: One of my big challenges would be
adjusting to the new workflow and creating a
new type of report to present to clients. My
plan would be to ask a lot of questions when
preparing my first report. I'll also ask a
colleague to review the report before sharing
it with the client. But my mentor and
colleagues here are very helpful in easing me
to complete the tasks.
EVOLUTION OF SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY

Archimedes Edmond Becquerel The first modern The University of Manufacturing cost
harnesses sun discovers silicon solar cell is New South Wales of silicon PV drops
energy to set fire to photovoltaic effect invented at Bell breaks the 20% down to $1.25/W.
wooden ships from for the first time Labs, USA efficiency barrier for Installations double
Roman Empire silicon solar cells worldwide

2nd 6th
Century Century 1839 1883 1954 1959 1985 1998 2011 2019
BC AD

Sunrooms in houses US inventor Charles Hoffman Electronics Global installed Global installed
buildings becomes Fritts builds the creates the first capacity of grid- capacity of grid-
common utilising world's first solar commercially- connected solar connected solar
large, south facing cells by coating available solar photovoltaic reaches photovoltaic reaches
windows for selenium with a thin power cells with 10% 808 GW 570 GW
optimum warmth layer of gold efficiency

WORDS OF
WISDOM
Pelan Jana Semula Ekonomi Negara (PENJANA) was introduced on 5 June 2020 to
stimulate economic recovery due to Covid-19 virus. Let’s take a look at the key If I have seen further, it is by
thrusts of PENJANA.
standing on the shoulders of
giants
Empower the people
Aimed at saving jobs and promoting employment. 11 - Isaac Newton -
initiatives introduced: wage subsidy programme,
hiring and training assistance, reskilling and upskilling,
flexible working arrangement, childcare subsidy, public
transport subsidy, internet connectivity for education
and productivity etc.
CONTACT
Propel businesses US
Designed to enable workers and businesses to sustain We welcome any comments or content
operations and enhance productivity. 14 initiatives that you would like us to include in the
identified: micros and SMEs e-commerce campaign, upcoming editions of WattsUp.
“Shop Malaysia Online” campaign, technical and digital
Please email us at
adoption for SMEs and MTCs, financing assistance to
sbet@singlebuyer.com.my
businesses, tax relief, etc.

DISCLAIMER
Stimulate the economy Disclaimer: The contents of this newsletter are
PENJANA will provide targeted sectoral and systemic
of a general nature and are intended for
support to help economic sectors grow and adapt to
informational purposes only. You are advised to
the new operating landscape and encourage seek specific advice on any matter that may be
consumption of local products and services. 15 affected by such information. The views of third
initiatives introduced: digitalisation of government parties set out in this newsletter are not
services, national “Buy Malaysia” campaign, ePENJANA necessarily the views of SB.
credits in e-wallet, tourism sector support, etc.
 Woods or Forest

Woods from natural forests and

woodlands are amongst an important
Biomass is the material derived from plants that use sunlight to
source of biomass in some countries
grow which include plant and animal material such as wood from
forests, material left over from agricultural and forestry processes,
and organic industrial, human and animal wastes Municipal Waste
The energy contained in biomass originally came from the sun. Millions of tonnes of household waste
Through photosynthesis carbon dioxide in the air is transformed are collected each year. Using it in
into other carbon containing molecules (e.g. sugars, starches and biomass generation can help in waste
management
cellulose) in plants.

Animals
There are a wide range of animal
wastes that can be used as sources of
biomass energy. The most common are
CO2 is absorbed & converted animal & poultry manures
CO2 is released back into the into new plant material through
atmosphere when biomass photosynthesis. Plant become
material is burnt in plant source of energy for animals
Crop Residues
Crop residues encompasses all
Plants, animals, & other biomass
materials serve as fuel feedstock
agricultural wastes such as bagasse,
in energy generation straw, stem, stalk, leaves, husk, shell,
peel, pulps, etc.

Biomass raw material is Biomass sources could

processed and prepared come from external Renewable electricity
for transportation sources or on-site from biomass is
transmitted to grid for
supply to consumers
Biomass source from
external source is Power distribution
transported to biomass station acts as interface
facility between plant and the
grid

Electricity is
stepped up to high
voltage before
being sent to grid

Biomass is used as
feedstock in boiler to
generate steam
Steam generated from
boiler is used in steam Steam, a by-product of
turbine to generate cogeneration may be used in
electricity other industrial processes