E-Math Formula List-Math (4016)

*Formulas highlighted in yellow are found in the formula list of the exam paper.

Unit Conversion
Area 1km2=1000m×1000m

1m2=100cm×100cm =1 000 000m2

=10 000cm2

10
×
36
Volume

1m3=100cm×100cm×100cm
km m
3
=1 000 000cm
36
×
10
1 Litre =10000cm3(since 1mg=1cm3)

Financial Math
Percentage Increase Percentage Decrease Place the ‘Original’ value
in the denominator and
Increase Decrease
= ×100% = ×100% NOT the ‘New’ value.
Original Original

Simple Interest Compound Interest P-Principal ($)

I-Interest Amount ($)

P × R ×T  R 
n
I= P+I= P ×  1 +
100 
 100  R-Interest Rate (%)

T-Time (Years/Months)

n-No. of Periods

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 E-Math Formula List-Math (4016)

Ratio and Proportion

Convert Ratio of Length to Convert Ratio of Length to Ls : Length of smaller

object:
Ratio of Area and vice versa Ratio of Volume and vice versa
Lb :Length of bigger object

As: Area of smaller object

( Ls ) ( Ls ) = Vs
2 3
As
= Ab :Area of bigger object
( Lb ) ( Lb ) Vb
2 3
Ab
Vs: Volume of smaller
object

Vb: Volume of bigger

As L 3 Vs
L
= s = s object
Ab Lb 3V
b
Lb

To convert Areas to
Volume and vice versa,
first convert to Length.

Direct Proportion Inverse Proportion Always find constant (k)

first. Then find x by
y = kx k
y= substituting known values
x of k and y Or find y by
y = kx 2
k substituting known values
y=
y=k x x2 of k and x.

k
y= 2
x

Speed

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒

𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
Distance Travelled is the Area
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 − 𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 UNDER the speed /time graph
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

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 E-Math Formula List-Math (4016)

Indices
Base same→ Power add
x a +b
x a × xb = a m × bm =( a × b )
m

Power same→ Base multiply

xa m Base same→ Power minus

= x a −b am  a 
b =  Power same→ Base divide
x bm  b 

(x ) a b
= x a×b Different from x a × xb =
x a +b x0 = 1

1 1
x−a = −a
= xa
xa x

−a
xa x  y
a
x a y −b =   = 
yb  y x

1 a
x = x
b b 1
x = b xa
b

1 a
− 1 1 − 1 1
x=
b
= 1
x=
b
= a
b b
x b x1 x b xa

(a + b) =( a + b ) (a + b) (a − b) =( a − b ) (a − b) a 2 − b 2 = (a + b)(a − b)
2 2

Note (a − b) 2 ≠ a 2 − b 2
=a + 2ab + b
2 2
=a − 2ab + b
2 2

a 3 + b3 a 3 − b3

=(a + b)(a 2 − 2ab + b 2 ) =(a − b)(a 2 + 2ab + b 2 )

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 E-Math Formula List-Math (4016)

Coordinate Geometry

Linear Graph m= gradient

c= y-intercept (point on the graph that

Y= m x + c
intersects the y-axis)
y2 − y1
Gradient(m) =
x2 − x1

Mid-point of a line Distance between two points

x1 + x2 y1 + y2 = ( x2 − x1 ) 2 + ( y2 − y1 ) 2
= ( , )
2 2

Polygons

Sum of interior angles of an n-sided polygon. Each interior angle of an n-sided polygon.

(n − 2) ×1800 (n − 2) ×180o
n

Each exterior angle of an n-sided polygon

Sum of exterior angles of an n-sided polygon
= 360
0
3600
=
n

Arc Length, Sector and Segment

Arc Length

θ0
(s) = × 2π r (Degree) Or S= rθ
3600
(Radian)

Area of Sector

θ0 1 2
0
× π r 2 (Degree) Or r θ (Radian)
360 2

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 E-Math Formula List-Math (4016)

Mensuration

Circles

Area = π × r 2 Circumference = 2 × π × r or π × d

Trapezium

1
Perimeter = w + x + y + z Area= × ( x + y ) × h
2

Parallelogram

Perimeter = 2×y+2×z Area= y × z

Cylinder

Total Surface Area = 2 × π × r 2 + 2 × π × r × h

(close cylinder)

Total Surface Area = π × r 2 + 2 × π × r × h

(open cylinder)

Volume = π × r 2 × h

Cone

Total Surface Area = π × r × l + π × r 2

l=slant height
1
Volume = × π × r 2 × h
3 h=vertical height

Note the difference

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 E-Math Formula List-Math (4016)

Pyramid

Total Surface Area = Sum of 4 triangles + base

1 A=base area
Volume = × A × h
3

Sphere

4
Total Surface Area = 4 × π × r
2
Volume = ×π × r3
3

Hemisphere (half-sphere)

2
Total Surface Area = 2 × π × r + π × r
2 2
Volume ×π × r3
3

Properties of Circle

Angle at Centre =Twice

(c
Angle at Circumference

Angles in the Same

Segment

a°=a°

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 E-Math Formula List-Math (4016)

Angle in a Semi-circle =90°

Angles in Opposite Segment

=180°

a°+c°=180°

b°+d°=180°

Exterior angle of a cyclic

quadrilateral

b°=p°

Trigonometry

OppSide( DE ) (TOA)
TanB =
AdjSide( EB )

AdjSide( EB ) (CAH)
CosB =
HypSide( DB)

OppSide( DE ) (SOH)
SinB =
HypSide( DB )

Pythagoras Theorem 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

𝐷𝐵 2 = 𝐷𝐸 2 + 𝐸𝐵 2

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 E-Math Formula List-Math (4016)

1
Area of Triangle = × a × b × SinC
2

a b c
Sine Rule = =
SinA SinB SinC

Cosine Rule c 2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab × CosC

Matrix

 a1 b1   a2 b2   a1 b1   a2 b2 
A1 + A2 =
 +  A1 − A2 =
 − 
 c1 d1   c2 d2   c1 d1   c2 d2 

a + a b1 + b2  a −a b1 − b2 
= 1 2  = 1 2 
 c1 + c2 d1 + d 2   c1 − c2 d1 − d 2 

a b  1 a b 
k×A=
k 1 1 A÷ k = 1 1 
 c1 d1  k  c1 d1 

 a1 b1 
k k 
 k × a1 k × b1  = 
=   c1 d1 
 k × c1 k × d1  
k k 


Probability

NumberOfSuccessfulOutcome Success
Pr obability = OR
TotalNumberOfOutcomes Success + Failure

If the probability of A AND B occurs , then P(A) X P(B)

If the probability of A OR B occurs , then P(A) + P(B)

If the probability of A AND B NOT occurring , then 1- ( P(A) X P(B))

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 E-Math Formula List-Math (4016)

Probabilty must be 0 ≤ P(X) ≤ 1.

If Probability (P) = 0, it means that there is NO CHANCE of success.

If Probability (P) = 1 it means that success is CERTAIN.

Statistics
Ungroup Data Group Data

Mean( X ) =
SumOfAllDataValues
Mean( X ) =
∑ fx
NumberOfData
∑f
Where ‘f’ is the frequency of EACH GROUP and ‘x’ is the Mid-
Value of the Group.

1 “ n” is the Total Frequency.

𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 = (𝑛 + 1)𝑡ℎ 𝑇𝑒𝑟𝑚
4

n +1
Median = ( )th Term *The formula gives the term i.e. the
2 POSITION of the value and NOT the

3 actual value.
𝑈𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 = (𝑛 + 1)𝑡ℎ 𝑇𝑒𝑟𝑚
4

Ungroup Data - Standard Deviation (σ)

σ =
∑ (x − X ) 2

or σ=
∑x 2

−X2
∑f n
‘x’ is the value of data.

X is the mean
Group Data - Standard Deviation (σ)
∑f means the Total frequency

∑ f (x − X ) ∑ fx  ∑ fx 
2 2
2

−
 ∑ f 
σ = or σ =
∑f ∑f  

END

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