24. Which of th e following is not included in land reforms?

(Choose the correct alternative)

(a) Use of high yielding variety (HYV)seeds (b) The abolition of intermediaries
(c) The change in ownership of landholdings (d) Land ceiling
25. The abolition of intermediaries meant that some tenants came into direct contact with the government -
th ey were thus freed from being exploited by the Z-a-m
- in_d_a-rs___ (Choose the correct alternative)
(a) 50 lakh (b) 100 lakh
(c) 150 lakh (d) 200 lakh
26. The ownership conferred on tenants gave them the incentive to increase output and this contributed to _ _ __ in
agriculture. (Fill up the blank with correct answer)
27. Under ownership of land holdings, all types of agricultural labourers got benefit. True/False? Give reason.
28. The goal of equity was not fully served by land reforms because : {Choose the correct alternative)
(a) In some areas, the former zamindars continued to own large areas of land by making use of some loopholes in the legislation.
(b) The big landlords challenged the legislation in the courts, delaying its implementation. They used this delay to register
their lands in the name of close relatives, thereby escaping from the legislation.
(c) Even when the tillers got ownership of land, the poorest of the agricultural labourers(such as sharecroppers and
landless labourers) did not benefit from land reforms .
(d) All of the above
29 . Land reforms were successful in and because these states had government committed to the
- -- - - ------
policy of 'land to the tiller'. (Fill up the blanks with correct answers)
30. At independence, about of the country's population was dependent on agriculture .
{Choose the correct alternative)
(a) 65% (b) 70%
(c) 75% (d) 80%
31. At independence, productivity in the agriculture sector was very low because of: {Choose the correct alternative)
(a) Use of old technology (b) The absence of required infrastructure
(c) Lack of irrigation facilities (d) All of the above
32. The stagnation in agriculture during the colonial rule was permanently broken by the _____ . This refers to the large
increase in production of food grains, especially wheat and rice resulting from the use of _ _ _ _ _ __
(Fill up the blanks with correct answers)
33. In the first phase of the green revolution, the use of HYV seeds was restricted to the more affluent states such as
(Fill up the blank with correct answer)
34. In the first phase of the green revolution (approximately mid 1960s, up to mid 1970s), the use of HYV seeds primarily
benefited the _____ growing regions only. (Fill up the blank with correct answer)
35 . In the second phase of the green revolution (mid 1970s to mid 1980s), the HYV technology benefited only the more
affluent states and the wheat growing regions. True/False? Give reason.
36. Growth in agricultural output is important but it is not enough. True/False? Give reason.
37. The portion of agricultural produce which is sold in the market by the farmers is called _ _ _ _ _ __
{Fill up the blank with correct answer)
38. Which of the following is not a benefit of green revolution? (Choose the correct alternative)
(a) Increase in marketed surplus (b) Increase in price of food grains
(c) Buffer stock (d) Self-sufficiency in food grains
39. Which of the following is not a limitation of green revolution? {Choose the correct alternative)
(a) It increased the inequalities be_tween small and big farmers.
(b) use of HYV seeds primarily benefited the wheat growing regions only.
(c) The HYV crops were also more prone to attack by pests
(d) All of the above
40. Green revolution caused the increased disparities between small and big farmers. True/False? Give reason.
41. While the nation had immensely benefited from the green revolution, the technology involved was not free from risks.
True/False? Give reason.
 .
42. Which of the following was a step taken by the . benefited small farmers also?
governme nt to ensure that the green revolution
t altern ative)
(Choo se th e corre c
(a) The governme nt provided loans at a low intere
st rat e to small farmers.
(b) The government provided subsidised fertili
sers.
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) The gove rnment reduced t axes on agricultura
l good s.
43. Because of the steps t aken by the gove
rnment, the green revol ution benefited the small as w ell as rich farm
ers_-
True/ False? Give reason.
44. The majo r policy initia tives in agric ulture
secto r were and . These initia tives helpe d India to
beco me self-s uffici ent in food grains production
. - -- - - - -- (-F-ill_u_p the blanks w ith corre ct answ ers)
45. Argu ment s against subsidies:
{Choose the corre ct alter nativ e)
(a) A huge bu rden on the gove rnme nt's finances.
(b) It does not bene fit the targe t group .
(c) Fertil iser subsi dy also benefits the fertiliser indus
try.
(d) All of the above
46. Argu ment s in favou r of subsidies:
(Choose the corre ct alter native)
(a) To provide an incentive for adoption of the
new HYV technology by farme rs.
(b) Farming in India continues to be a risky busin
ess as it vitally depends on the mons oon.
(c) Elimi natin g subsidies will increase the inequ
ality between rich and poor farmers and viola te
the goal of equit y.
(d) All of the above
47 . It was necessary to use subsidies to provide an
incentive for adoption of the new HYV techn o logy
by farm ers.
True/False? Give reason .
48. Elimi natin g subsidies will violate the goal of equit
y.
True/False? Give reason.
49. In India, betw een 1950 and 1990, the proportion
of population depending on agric ulture decli ned
signi fican tly.
True/False? Give reason.
so. Abou t 65 per cent of the country's population conti
nued to be employed in agriculture even as late
a large prop ortio n of the population engaged in as 1990 . Why was such
agriculture although agriculture outp ut could have
peop le work ing in the section? grow n with much less
{Choose the corre ct alter nativ e)
(a) People volun tarily preferred to work on agric
ultural farms .
(b) Because of ramp ant poverty, most of the peop
le depended on agriculture only for their liveli hood
.
(c) The indus trial sector and the service secto
r did not absorb the people work ing in the agric
ultura l sector.
(d) All of the above
51 _ The five year plans place a lot of emphasis on industrial developm
ent because: (Choose the corre ct altern ative )
(a) Economists have found that poor nations can
progress only if they have a good indus trial secto
r.
(b) Indus try provides empl oyme nt which is more
stable than the empl oyme nt in agric ulture .
(c) It prom otes mode rnisa tion and overall prosp
erity.
(d) All of the above
52 . Poor nations can progress only if they have a good
industrial sector. True/False? Give reason.
53 • At t he time independence , the variety of industries was very narro w.
Tru /F .... .
A•t the time of independence, the state had to 11
e a1se r Give reason.
54. M. play an extensive role in promoting the industrial
sector 7i .If, .... .
The decis ion to develop the Indian economy ' · rue,, a1ser Give reason
55. on socialist lines led to the policy of the priva
te t . ·
comm anding heights of the economy. sec or contr olling the
. . . True/ False ;, G.
56. In ac Co rdance with the goal of the state controlling the commanding heights of the economy . 1ve reason.
. esolu .
tion forme d the basis of the second Five Year Plan, . . ' _ _ _ _ _ was adop ted
Th is r the plan which tried to build the ba . f
. .
of society. . sis or a socialist patte rn·
. . . . . th
(Ft/I up e blank with corre ct answ er)
trial Policy Reso lution , 1956 classified industries
57. The In dus into three categories . Ti /
rue False? Gi ve reason .