 Question 1

1 out of 1 points
Kelly is a 36-year-old female who has a history of type 2 diabetes, several respiratory
infections as a child, and two full-term pregnancies (5 and 7 years ago). Two days ago,
she began feeling a burning sensation when urinating. Her pain is progressively getting
worse. Kelly assumes that she has a urinary tract infection (UTI) and makes an
appointment at her primary clinic to seek relief.
 
A urinary tract infection could affect all of the following organs, except:
Selected Spleen
Answer:
 Question 2
0 out of 1 points
Kelly’s physician orders a urinalysis. If she has a UTI, which of the following will most likely
be abnormal?
Selected Hemoglobin
Answer:
 Question 3
Needs Grading
Having female anatomy is a major risk factor for UTIs. Briefly describe, in your own words,
why this is true.
Selected Females have a shorter urethra which make bacteria have a shorter distance to infect the bladder or
Answer: anywhere inside the urinary tract. ("Urinary Tract Infections - familydoctor.org", 2018)

Urinary Tract Infections - familydoctor.org. (2018). Retrieved from

https://familydoctor.org/condition/urinary-tract-infections/
Response [None Given]
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 Question 4
Needs Grading
Aside from being female, which other risk factor is mentioned in Kelly’s history?
Selected Kelly has type 2 diabetes which affects her immune system which can increase her risk for a
Answer: uti. ("Urinary tract infection (UTI) - Symptoms and causes", 2018)

Urinary tract infection (UTI) - Symptoms and causes. (2018). Retrieved

from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infection/symptoms-
causes/syc-20353447

Response [None Given]

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 Question 5
1 out of 1 points
Kelly’s physician determines that her infection has reached her bladder. What is this called?
Selected Cystitis
Answer:
 Question 6
1 out of 1 points
Aside from Kelly’s complaint, which other symptoms are likely for her condition? (Select all
that apply.)
Selected Strong urge to urinate
Answers:
Frequent urination in small amounts
Red, pink, or light brown colored urine
Cloudy urine
Pelvic pain
 Question 7
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following would be a sign that Kelly’s UTI has reached her kidneys?
Selected upper back and flank pain
Answer:
 Question 8
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following choices is the most common cause of UTIs?
Selected Bacteria
Answer:
 Question 9
Needs Grading
Kelly will likely be prescribed short-course antibiotics for treatment. She may also be
prescribed an analgesic. How would this help her, physiologically?
Selected An analgesic will cause the bladder or urethra to be numbed, so the burning sensation is
Answer: decreased. ("Urinary tract infection (UTI) - Symptoms and causes", 2018)
Urinary tract infection (UTI) - Symptoms and causes. (2018). Retrieved
from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infection/symptoms-
causes/syc-20353447
Response [None Given]
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 Question 10
Needs Grading
List and describe 3 steps Kelly can take to prevent UTIs in the future.
Selected To help prevent UTI's in the future Kelly can drink more water to flush out bacteria, avoid
Answer: carbonated drinks, alcohol, or coffee, anything that contains citrus juice and caffeine, as these will
usually irritate the bladder and cause an increase use of urinating.   ("Urinary tract infection (UTI) -
Symptoms and causes", 2018
Urinary tract infection (UTI) - Symptoms and causes. (2018). Retrieved
from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infection/symptoms-
causes/syc-20353447
Response [None Given]
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 Question 11
1 out of 1 points
Daniel is a 52-year-old male with a history of obesity and diabetes. He had gastric bypass
surgery 6 years ago and has been maintaining normal blood glucose levels and a BMI of
 25 for the last 4 years. Daniel was able to stop taking medication for his diabetes, but still
takes a daily multivitamin. He has had symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
intermittently for 6 months, including abdominal pain and constipation. Within the last
week, he has developed new symptoms that are more severe than the abdominal pain in
the past. Daniel’s pain radiates into his groin and inferior to the ribs on his right side.
The pain fluctuates in intensity, but is so severe that it’s debilitating at times. This
morning, his pain was accompanied by nausea and vomiting, so he decided to seek
emergency care. 
 
The emergency department physician suspects that Daniel may have kidney stones. Where
could the kidney stone be located?
Selected All of these choices are possibilities
Answer:
 Question 12
Needs Grading
An x-ray confirms the presence of multiple kidney stones. If Daniel is not treated, what are
possible complications? List and briefly describe 2 possible complications.
Selected Because the kidney stone is too large or because it may cause bleeding the kidney stone cannot be
Answer: broken apart so, two possible complications could be kidney damage or continuous Urinary Tract
Infections. ("Kidney stones - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic", 2018
Kidney stones - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic. (2018). Retrieved from
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-stones/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355759
Response [None Given]
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 Question 13
Needs Grading
Why might Daniel’s doctor ask him about his diet? Briefly explain how his diet might be
related to his condition.
Selected Daniel might not be drinking enough water to dilute his urine, he might have a high oxalate food
Answer: intake, Ex. sweet potatoes, spinach, or rhubarb. He also might be eating a lot of salt, he should try
using a salt substitute, and he might not be consuming enough calcium. ("Kidney stones -
Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic", 2018)
Kidney stones - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic. (2018). Retrieved
from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-stones/diagnosis-
treatment/drc-20355759
Response [None Given]
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 Question 14
1 out of 1 points
Aside from the symptoms mentioned in Daniel’s history, which of the following are common
symptoms of nephrolithiasis? (Select all that apply.)
Selected Pink or red urine
Answers:
Frequent urination
Fever and/or chills
Urinating small quantities
 Question 15
1 out of 1 points
 Why might Daniel’s doctor recommend that he stop taking his daily multivitamin?
Selected Calcium found in supplements may have an effect on his future risk of
Answer:
developing kidney stones.
 Question 16
Needs Grading
Which parts of Daniel’s history contribute to his risk for kidney stones?
Selected Daniel went through a gastric bypass surgery which will affect calcium and water absorption, and
Answer: he is considered obese which is linked to kidney stone formation. ("Kidney stones - Diagnosis
and treatment - Mayo Clinic", 2018) 
Kidney stones - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic. (2018). Retrieved
from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-stones/diagnosis-
treatment/drc-20355759
Response [None Given]
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 Question 17
1 out of 1 points
Kidney stones have many causes. The stones are commonly composed of all the following
substances, except:
Selected Bile
Answer:
 Question 18
1 out of 1 points
Daniel has small stones that are lodged in the left renal pelvis. His doctor recommends passing
them naturally. Which of the following choices describes the path that these stones must take
to exit the body?
Selected Ureter- Bladder- Urethra
Answer:
 Question 19
1 out of 1 points
Daniel has a large stone lodged in his right ureter that requires treatment via a procedure
called extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. Which of the following statements describes this
procedure?
Selected Using soundwaves to break up stones into smaller pieces that can then pass
Answer:
naturally.
 Question 20
Needs Grading
List and briefly describe 3 steps Daniel can take to prevent future renal lithiasis.
Selected Daniel can drink more water to dilute his urine, eat less oxalate foods, like spinach, rhubarb, or nuts
Answer: or tea, consume less salt, and eat calcium rich foods. ("Kidney stones - Diagnosis and treatment
- Mayo Clinic", 2018) 
Kidney stones - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic. (2018). Retrieved
from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-stones/diagnosis-
treatment/drc-20355759 
Response [None Given]
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