Questions:

1. Patient X is an overweight 36 year old male. He has recently lost a significant amount of
weight though he is constantly hungry and thirsty. The patient also complained of feeling
tired and run down frequently. Based on the symptoms described and the result of the
patient’s urine tests, what do you believe is the most probable diagnosis?

Answer: The patient’s symptoms of unexplained weight loss from being

overweight, extreme hunger and thirst, and fatigue points out the symptoms of
diabetes mellitus. The presence of glucose in the urine and its lower pH level can
also support the probability of the development of diabetes. This metabolic
disorder is characterized by an abnormality of how the body uses blood sugar.
This sugar or glucose is highly significant for the energy of the different parts of
the body. That is shy in this patient’s case, he suffers the feeling of being run
down because energy supply is not normal anymore.

2. Patient Y is a 21 year old female that has been experiencing a fever and nausea. She is a
vegetarian but while sick has had trouble keeping both food and liquids down. Her doctor
suspects it is a bacterial infection. Are there any symptoms in her urine test results to support
this?

Answer: Fever, vomiting, presence of protein and dehydration as seen in a darker

color of her urine due to inability to swallow food and enough liquid could be a
sign of a bacterial infection. These infections cause fever because the body is
fighting against a foreign substance or in this case—bacteria. Her pH could be
influenced by her vegan diet and also could be again due to infection. Usually,
protein in urine is harmless to most people. However, in some cases, it can be
caused by a serious illnesses or even a simple bacterial infection. This patient has
protein in her urine and she may have it from medications or poor kidney
performance or the high probability of Urinary Tract infection (UTI).

3. Patient Z is 65 year old female in for a routine checkup. She is not complaining of any
symptoms and generally feels fine. Is there anything in the results of her urine test that a
doctor may want to investigate further?

Answer: The presence of calcium could suggest that a person is suffering from a
bone disease. The doctor may want to know more about her diet and whether she
takes any nutritional supplements, such as calcium pills. While that may not be
reason to panic right now, the doctor should keep an eye on her calcium levels
and see if she has any other indications of a bone condition like osteoporosis.

4. ) What was the purpose of the control urine sample in this investigation?

Answer: For basis and as a determinant, the control sample placed a “negative”
for each test, making it easier to read a positive result since it is not possible to
know the content of the sample prior to testing.

5. Does urinalysis prove the presence of disorder or disease? Explain.

Answer: Although urinalysis provide clues to detect and understand how a body is
doing, it does not provide the wholesome answer that there is a presence of
illnesses in the body. The composition of urine might fluctuate dramatically even
within a single day. Diet, exercise level, environmental circumstances, medicine,
dehydration and other factors can all change the composition of urine at any
particular time. Urinalysis does not guarantee diseases but it is best used as a
screening tool that can either confirm or disprove the need for more reliable
medical tests.

6. If a patient will take an Ascorbic Acid prior to Urinalysis, what is the possible effect on the
results?
Explain.

Answer: The reagent pads for blood, glucose, nitrite, and bilirubin may not react
adequately when there is a high quantity of ascorbic acid in a urine sample. When
testing blood levels at low levels, this is extremely challenging. When collecting a
urine sample, physicians should inquire about the patient's vitamin C intake.
Higher levels of ascorbic acid in urine samples might result in false negative
results in a range of urine tests, putting patients at risk of missing clinical
findings, especially when it comes to glucose and hemoglobin.

7. How medications like antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, cephalosporin and penicillin’s

affect the urinalysis?

Answer: Antibiotics affect urinalysis results by causing false positives for protein
and decreasing sugar levels in the urine.