ABDUL MANAF BIN MAHMUD: SEM 1, 2019

Contents
ABSTRACT:.............................................................................................................................................2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...........................................................................................................................2
1.Introduction........................................................................................................................................3
2.LINEAGE AND EARLY LIFE....................................................................................................................4
3. Accession To The Throne..................................................................................................................5
4.The Albertine Monarchy.....................................................................................................................6
5.Marriage to Albert..............................................................................................................................7
6.CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................................9
APPENDIX PAGE...................................................................................................................................10

CSC034 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

ABDUL MANAF BIN MAHMUD: SEM 1, 2019

ABSTRACT:
(I) Victoria (1819-1901) was queen of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland (1837–1901) and empress of India (1876–
1901).
(II) She was the last of the House of Hanover and gave her name to an
era, the Victorian Age.
(III) During her reign the English monarchy took on its modern
ceremonial character.
(IV) She and her husband, Prince Consort Albert of Saxe-Coburg-
Gotha, had nine children, through whose marriages were
descended many of the royal families of Europe.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 Thanks to the help of my friends Haziq and Nik, I was able to finish this
assignment with the topic of Queen Victoria.
 I am extremely grateful because with our teamwork I managed to do this
assignment really well without being lost.
 This assignment cannot be completed without the effort and cooperation
of my friends
 Aside from that, I also sincerely thank my lecturer Mr. Samsulhairi, the
subject CSC034 Fundamentals of Information and Communication for
the guidance and encouragement in finishing this assignment and also for
teaching this course.
 I would like to also extend my gratitude to UITM for providing us with
the convenient computer facilities that are available for it’s students to
carry out their assignment.

CSC034 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

ABDUL MANAF BIN MAHMUD: SEM 1, 2019

1.Introduction
Victoria as a child of the age that

V
bears her name. The queen,
ictoria, in full Alexandrina
however, rejected important
Victoria, (born May 24,
Victorian values and developments.
1819, Kensington Palace,
Although she hated pregnancy and
London, England—died January 22,
childbirth, detested babies, and was
1901, Osborne, near Cowes, Isle of
uncomfortable in the presence of
Wight), queen of the United
children, Victoria reigned in a
Kingdom of Great Britain and
society that idealized both
Ireland (1837–1901) and empress of
motherhood and the family. She had
India (1876–1901). She was the last
no interest in social issues, yet the
of the house of Hanover and gave
19th century in Britain was an age of
her name to an era, the Victorian
reform. She resisted technological
Age. During her reign the British
change even while mechanical and
monarchy took on its modern
technological innovations reshaped
ceremonial character. She and her
the face of European civilization.
husband, Prince Consort Albert of
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, had nine Most significantly, Victoria was a
children, through whose marriages queen determined to retain political
were descended many of the royal power, yet unwillingly and
families of Europe. unwittingly she presided over the
transformation of the sovereign’s
Victoria first learned of her future
political role into a ceremonial one
role as a young princess during a
and thus preserved the British
history lesson when she was 10
monarchy. When Victoria became
years old. Almost four decades later
queen, the political role of the crown
Victoria’s governess recalled that
was by no means clear; nor was the
the future queen reacted to the
permanence of the throne itself.
discovery by declaring, “I will be
When she died and her son Edward
good.” This combination of
VII moved from Marlborough
earnestness and egotism marked
House to Buckingham Palace,
the change was one of social rather than of political focus; there was no doubt
about the monarchy’s continuance. That was the measure of her reign.

CONTENT
CSC034 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
ABDUL MANAF BIN MAHMUD: SEM 1, 2019

2.LINEAGE AND EARLY LIFE

O

n the death in 1817 of Princess mother’s brother, who lived at

Charlotte, daughter of the prince Claremont, near Esher, Surrey, until
regent (later George IV), there was he became king of the Belgians in
no surviving legitimate offspring of 1831.
George III’s 15 children. In 1818,
Victoria’s childhood was made
therefore, three of his sons, the
increasingly unhappy by the
dukes of Clarence, Kent, and
machinations of the duchess of
Cambridge, married to provide for
Kent’s advisor, Sir John Conroy. In
the succession. The winner in the
control of the pliable duchess,
race to father the next ruler of
Conroy hoped to dominate the future
Britain was Edward, duke of Kent,
queen of Britain as well. Persuaded
fourth son of George III. His only
by Conroy that the royal dukes, “the
child was christened Alexandrina
wicked uncles,” posed a threat to her
Victoria. After his death and George
daughter, the duchess reared
IV’s accession in 1820, Victoria
Victoria according to “the
became third in the line of
Kensington system,” by which she
succession to the throne after the
and Conroy systematically isolated
duke of York (died 1827) and the
Victoria from her contemporaries
duke of Clarence (subsequently
and her father’s family. Conroy thus
William IV), whose own children
aimed to make the princess
died in infancy.
dependent on and easily led by
Victoria, by her own account, “was himself.
brought up very simply,” principally
Strong-willed, and supported by
at Kensington Palace, where her
Lehzen, Victoria survived the
closest companions, other than her
Kensington system; when she
German-born mother, the duchess of
ascended the throne in 1837, she did
Kent, were her half sister, Féodore,
so alone. Her mother’s actions had
and her governess, Louise
estranged her from Victoria and
(afterward the Baroness) Lehzen, a
taught the future queen caution in
native of Coburg. An important
her friendships. Moreover, her
father figure to the orphaned
retentive memory did not allow her
princess was her uncle Leopold, her
to forgive readily.

3. Accession To The Throne

CSC034 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

ABDUL MANAF BIN MAHMUD: SEM 1, 2019
I n the early hours of June 20,
1837, Victoria received a call
from the archbishop of
Canterbury and the lord chamberlain
and learned of the death of William
IV, third son of George III. Later
that morning the Privy Council was
impressed by the graceful assurance
of the new queen’s demeanour. She
was small, carried herself well, and
had a delightful silvery voice, which
she retained all her life. The
accession of a young woman was
romantically popular. But because of
the existence in Hanover of the Salic
law, which prevented succession by
a woman, the crowns of Great
Britain and Hanover became
separated, the latter passing to
William IV’s eldest surviving
brother, Ernest, the unpopular duke
of Cumberland
The queen, who had never before
had a room to herself, exiled her
mother to a distant set of apartments
when they moved into Buckingham
Palace. Conroy was pensioned off.
Only Lehzen, of whom Victoria was
still in awe, remained close to the
queen. Even her beloved uncle
Leopold was politely warned off
discussions of British politics.
“Alone” at last, she enjoyed her
newfound freedom. “Victoria,”
wrote her cousin Prince Albert, who
later married her,
is said to be incredibly stubborn and
her extreme obstinacy to be
constantly at war with her good
CSC034 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
nature; she delights in Court
ceremonies, etiquette and trivial
formalities.…She is said not to take
the slightest pleasure in nature and
to enjoy sitting up at night and
sleeping late into the day.
It was, in retrospect, “the least
sensible and satisfactory time in her
whole life”; but at the time it was
exciting and enjoyable, the more so
because of her romantic friendship
with Lord Melbourne, the prime
minister.
Melbourne was a crucial influence
on Victoria, in many ways an
unfortunate one. The urbane and
sophisticated prime minister fostered
the new queen’s self-confidence and
enthusiasm for her role; he also
encouraged her to ignore or
minimize social problems and to
attribute all discontent and unrest to
the activities of a small group of
agitators. Moreover, because of
Melbourne, Victoria became an
ardent Whig.
Victoria’s constitutionally dangerous
political partisanship contributed to
the first two crises of her reign, both
of which broke in 1839. The
Hastings affair began when Lady
Flora Hastings, a maid of honour
who was allied and connected to the
Tories, was forced by Victoria to
undergo a medical examination for
suspected pregnancy. The gossip,
when it was discovered that the
queen had been mistaken, became
ABDUL MANAF BIN MAHMUD: SEM 1, 2019
the more damaging when later in the
year Lady Flora died of a disease
that had not been diagnosed by the
examining physician. The
enthusiasm of the populace over the
coronation (June 28, 1838) swiftly
dissipated.
Between the two phases of the
Hastings case “the bedchamber
crisis” intervened. When Melbourne
resigned in May 1839, Sir Robert
Peel, the Conservative leader,
4.The Albertine Monarchy
V ictoria’s wedding to Prince
Albert served as a stage for
displays of political
partisanship: very few Tories
received invitations, and the Tories
themselves rejected Victoria’s
request that Albert be granted rank
and precedence second only to her
own. Victoria responded violently,
“Monsters! You Tories shall be
punished. Revenge! Revenge!”
Marriage to Albert, however,
lessened the queen’s enthusiasm for
5.Marriage to Albert
CSC034 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
stipulated that the Whig ladies of the
bedchamber should be removed. The
queen imperiously refused, not
without Melbourne’s
encouragement. “The Queen of
England will not submit to such
trickery,” she said. Peel therefore
declined to take office, which
Melbourne rather weakly resumed.
“I was very young then,” wrote the
queen long afterward, “and perhaps I
should act differently if it was all to
be done again.”
Melbourne and the Whigs. She
admitted many years later regarding
Melbourne that “Albert thinks I
worked myself up to what really
became rather foolish.” Albert thus
shifted Victoria’s political
sympathies; he also became the
dominant figure and influence in her
life. She quickly grew to depend on
him for everything; soon she “didn’t
put on a gown or a bonnet if he
didn’t approve it.” No more did
Victoria rule alone.
ABDUL MANAF BIN MAHMUD: SEM 1, 2019

A ttracted by Albert’s good

looks and encouraged by
her uncle Leopold, Victoria
proposed to her cousin on October
15, 1839, just five days after he had
first great-grandchild in 1879. There
were 37 great-grandchildren alive at
her death.
Victoria never lost her early passion
for Albert: “Without him everything
arrived at Windsor on a visit to the
loses its interest.” Despite conflicts
British court. She described her
produced by the queen’s
impressions of him in the journal she
uncontrollable temper and recurrent
kept throughout her life: “Albert
fits of depression, which usually
really is quite charming, and so
occurred during and after pregnancy,
excessively handsome…a beautiful
the couple had a happy marriage.
figure, broad in the shoulders and a
Victoria, however, was never
fine waist; my heart is quite going.”
reconciled to the childbearing that
They were married on February 10,
accompanied her marital bliss—the
1840, the queen dressed entirely in
“shadow-side of marriage,” as she
articles of British manufacture.
called it. Victoria explained to her
eldest daughter in 1858:
Children quickly followed. Victoria, What you say of the pride of giving
the princess royal (the “Vicky” of life to an immortal soul is very fine,
the Letters), was born in 1840; in dear, but I own I cannot enter into
1858 she married the crown prince that; I think much more of our being
of Prussia and later became the like a cow or a dog at such
mother of the emperor William II. moments; when our poor nature
The prince of Wales (later Edward becomes so very animal and
VII) was born in 1841. Then unecstatic.
followed Princess Alice, afterward
At the beginning of their marriage
grand duchess of Hesse, 1843;
the queen was insistent that her
Prince Alfred, afterward duke of
husband should have no share in the
Edinburgh and duke of Saxe-
government of the country. Within
Coburg-Gotha, 1844; Princess
six months, on Melbourne’s
Helena (Princess Christian of
repeated suggestion, the prince was
Schleswig-Holstein), 1846; Princess
allowed to start seeing the
Louise (duchess of Argyll), 1848;
dispatches, then to be present when
Prince Arthur (duke of Connaught),
the queen saw her ministers. The
1850; Prince Leopold (duke of
concession became a routine, and
Albany), 1853; and Princess
during her first pregnancy the prince
Beatrice (Princess Henry of
received a “key to the secret boxes.”
Battenberg), 1857. The queen’s first
grandchild was born in 1859 and her
CSC034 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
ABDUL MANAF BIN MAHMUD: SEM 1, 2019

As one unwanted pregnancy

followed another and as Victoria
became increasingly dependent on
her husband, Albert assumed an
ever-larger political role. By 1845
Charles Greville, the observer of
royal affairs, could write, “It is
obvious that while she has the title,
he is really discharging the functions
of the Sovereign. He is the King to
all intents and purposes.” Victoria,
once so enthusiastic about her role,
came to conclude that “we women
are not made for governing.”

CSC034 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

ABDUL MANAF BIN MAHMUD: SEM 1, 2019

6.CONCLUSION
James, “mysterious little Victoria is

Q
dead and fat vulgar Edward is
ueen Victoria had fought a
King.” She was buried beside Prince
long rearguard action against
Albert in the mausoleum at
the growth of “democratic
Frogmore near Windsor. Young
monarchy”; yet, in some ways, she
said,
had done more than anyone else to
create it. She had made the She had lived long enough. The idol
monarchy respectable and had of her people, she had come to press
thereby guaranteed its continuance on the springs of government with
—not as a political power but as a something of the weight of an idol,
political institution. Her long reign and in the innermost circle of public
had woven a legend, and, as her life the prevailing sentiment was
political power ebbed away, her relief.
political value grew. It lay, perhaps,
Her essential achievement was
more in what the electorate thought
simple. By the length of her reign,
of her, indeed felt about her, than in
the longest in British history until
what she ever was or certainly ever
that of Elizabeth II, she had restored
believed herself to be. Paradoxically
both dignity and popularity to a
enough, her principal contribution to
tarnished crown: an achievement of
the British monarchy and her
character, as well as of longevity.
political importance lay in regard to
Historians may differ in their
those “dignified” functions that she
assessment of her political acumen,
was accused of neglecting rather
her political importance, or her role
than to the “business” functions that,
as a constitutional monarch. None
perhaps sometimes, she did not
will question her high sense of duty
neglect enough.
or the transparent honesty, the
The queen died after a short and massive simplicity, of her royal
painless illness. “We all feel a bit character.
motherless today,” wrote Henry

CSC034 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

ABDUL MANAF BIN MAHMUD: SEM 1, 2019

APPENDIX PAGE

Resources:

 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Victoria-queen-of-United-
Kingdom
 https://www.royal.uk/queen-victoria

CSC034 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT