BASI

MAKP/
IESCE

EI
ACLASSNOTES

NOI
SEPOLLUTI
ON

Noi sei sperhapsoneoft hemostundesi rablebyproductsofmoder nmechani zed

l
ifestyle.Itmaynotseem asi nsi
diousorhar mfulasthecont aminati
onofdrinkingwater
suppl i
esf rom hazardouschemical
s,butitisaproblem thataffectshumanheal thand
well-beingandt hatcanalsocontri
butetot hegeneraldeter
iorati
onofenvir
onment al
quality.Itcanaffectpeopl
eathome, intheircommuni ty,
oratt hei
rplaceofwor k.

Soundwav escauseeardrumstovibrate,
activ
ati
ngmi ddl
eandinnerorgansand
sendingbioel
ectr
icalsi
gnalst
othebr ai
n.humanearcandet ectsoundsinthefrequency
rangeofabout20t o20,000Hz,butformostpeopl eheari
ngisbesti
nther angeof200
to10,000Hz.Asoundof50Hzf requency, f
orexample,i
spercei
vedtobev eryl
ow-
pit
ched,anda15, 000-Hzsoundisv eryhighpit
ched.

Simplydefined,noiseisundesir
ableandunwant edsound.Ittakesenergytoproduce
sound,so,inamannerofspeaki ng,noiseisafor m ofwasteenergy.I
tisnota
substancet hatcanaccumul at
eintheenv ir
onment ,li
kemostot herpol
lutants,
butitcan
bedil
utedwi t
hdistancef r
om asource.Allsoundscomef r
om asoundsour ce,whether
i
tbear adio, amachi ne,ahumanv oi
ce, anair
plane,oramusi cali
nstr
ument .Notall
soundisnoi se.Whatmaybeconsi deredmusi ct oonepersonmaybenot hingbutnoise
toanother.Toaext ent,
noisepol
luti
oni samat terofopi
nion.Noiseismeasur edin
ter
msofDeci belunits.

SOURCESOFNOI
SE

Noi sepol l
uti
onl i
keot herpoll
utant sisalsoaby -productofi ndust ri
ali
zat
ion,
urbani zati
onsandmoder ncivi
lizati
on.Br oadl yspeaking, t
henoi sepoll
uti
onhast wo
sour ces,i.
e.industri
al andnon-i ndustri
al.Thei ndustri
alsour cei ncl
udesthenoisefr
om
variousi ndustri
esandbi gmachi neswor ki ngatav eryhighspeedandhi ghnoise
i
nt ensity.Non-industrialsour
ceofnoi sei ncludest henoi secr eatedby
transpor t/
vehiculartr
af f
icandt heneighbor hoodnoi segener at edbyv ari
ousnoise
polluti
oncanal sobedi v
idedint hecategor i
es, namel y
,nat ural andmanmade.Most
l
eadi ngnoi sesour ceswi l
lfal
lintothef oll
owi ngcat egories: r
oadst r
affi
c,air
craf
t,
rail
roads, constructi
on, i
ndustr
y ,noiseinbui l
dings,andconsumerpr oducts.

1.RoadTraffi
cNoise:
I
nthecity
,themainsourcesoftr
aff
icnoisearethemotor
sandexhaustsy
stem of
autos,
smal l
ertr
ucks,
buses,andmotorcycl
es.Thist
ypeofnoi
secanbeaugmentedby
BASI
MAKP/
IESCE

narr
owstreet
sandt
all
bui
l
dings,
whi
chpr
oduceacany
oni
nwhi
cht
raf
fi
cnoi
se
rev
erber
ates.

2.Ai
rCraftNoise:
 
Now-a-days,theprobl
em oflowfl
yingmi l
it
aryai
rcraf
thasaddedanewdi mensionto
communityannoyance,asthenat
ionseekst oimproveitsnap-oft
he-ear
thair
craft
oper
ati
onsovernationalpar
ks,wi
ldernessareas,andot herar
easprevi
ousl
yunaf f
ect
ed
byai
rcr
aftnoisehasclaimednati
onalattent
ionoverrecentyears.

3.Noisef r
om r ail
roads:
Thenoisef r
om l ocomot i
veengines,hornsandwhi st
les,andswitchi
ngandshunt ing
operat
ioninr ailyardscanimpactnei ghbor
ingcommuni tiesandrail
roadwor ker
s.For
example,railcarretarder
scanpr oduceahi ghfr
equency ,hi
ghlevelscreechthatcan
reachpeakl evelsof120dBatadi stanceof100f eet
, whichtr
anslat
est olev
elsashigh
as138, or140dBatt herail
roadwor ker’
sear.

4.ConstructionNoi
se:
Thenoisef r
om theconstructi
onofhighways,ci
tystr
eets,andbui
l
dingsisamajor
cont
ri
but ortotheurbanscene.Const r
ucti
onnoisesour
cesincl
udepneumatic
hammer s,aircompressor
s, bul
ldozer
s,l
oader
s,dumpt r
ucks(andt
heirback-
upsi
gnal
s),
andpavementbr eakers.

5.Noisei nIndust r
y:
Alt
houghi ndustr
ialnoiseisoneoft helessprevalentcommuni tynoiseprobl
ems,
nei
ghbor sofnoi symanuf actur
ingpl antscanbedi stur
bedbysour cessuchasf ans,
motor s,andcompr essorsmount edont heoutsi
deofbui ldi
ngsInteri
ornoisecanalso
betransmi ttedtothecommuni tyt hroughopenwi ndowsanddoor s,andeventhrough
bui
ldingwal ls.Thesei nt
eriornoisesour ceshavesi gni
fi
cantimpactsonindustri
al
worker s,amongwhom noi se-i
nducedhear i
nglossi sunf
ortunatel
ycommon.

6.Noi seinbuilding:
Apar t
mentdwel l
ersareof tenannoy edbynoi seint hei rhomes, especi all
ywhent he
buil
dingi snotwel ldesi
gnedandconst ructed.Int hiscase, i
nternalbuildi
ngnoisef r
om
plumbi ng,boil
ers,generators,ai
rconditi
oner s,andf ans, canbeaudi bleandannoy ing.
I
mpr oper l
yinsulatedwal l
sandcei li
ngscanr ev
eal thesoundof -ampl i
fiedmusic,voices,
footfall
sandnoi syact i
vi
tiesfrom neighboringuni ts.Ext ernalnoisefrom emer gency
vehicles,tr
affi
c,refusecollecti
on,andot hercit
ynoi sescanbeapr obl
em f orurban
resi
dent s,especiall
ywhenwi ndowsar eopenori nsuf fici
entlyglazed.
BASI
MAKP/
IESCE

7.Noisefr
om Consumerproduct
s:
Cert
ainhousehol
dequi
pment,suchasvacuum cl
eanersandsomeki t
chenappl
iances
havebeenandconti
nuetobenoisemaker
s,al
thoughthei
rcontr
ibut
iontothedail
ynoi
se
doseisusual
lynotv
eryl
arge

EFFECTSOFNOI
SE

Audi
tor
yef
fect
s

• Audi
tor
yfat
igue-
-Whi
stl
i
ng&buzzi
ngi
near
s(noi
sel
evel
-90dB)

• Deaf
ness-
-Per
manenthear
ingl
oss(noi
sel
evel
-100dB)

Ti
nni
tus

• Per
sist
entsoundi
noneorbot
hear
s.

• Ti
nni
tusi
sof
tenexper
iencedasahi
gh-
pit
chedhi
ss,
ring,
buzz,
orr
oar
.

• I
tisusual
lycont
inuous,
buti
tmaypul
sat
e,andt
hebeat
smaycoi
nci
dewi
tht
he
hear
tbeat
.

Nonaudi
tor
yef
fect
s

• I
nter
fer
encewi
thspeechcommuni
cat
ion-50dB

• Annoy
ance,
il
ltemper
,bi
cker
ing

• l
ossinwor
kingef
fi
ciency-t
ir
edness,
det
eri
orat
ionorcompl
etel
ossofabi
l
ityt
o
wor
k

Phy
siol
ogi
caldi
sor
der
s

Neurosi
s,anxiet
y,hyper
tensi
on,i
ncr
easedsweat ing,
giddiness,nausea,f
ati
gue,vi
sual
di
stur
bance,reducesdepthandqual
it
yofsl eep,pepti
culcers,I
ncreasescholest
erol
l
evelr
esul
tinginconstri
cti
onofbl
oodv essel,Lowweightchildr
ent omothers
BASI
MAKP/
IESCE

Ev
enthenonli
vingthi
ngssuchasbui
ldi
ngsunder
gophysical
damagebycracks,
br
eakageofwindows,door
s,andgl
asseset
c.bysuddenandexpl
osi
vesounds.

Lackofconcent
rat
ion:
-

Forbetterquali
tyofworkthereshouldbeconcent
rati
on,Noi
secauseslackof
concentrat
ion.I
nbigcit
ies,most l
yallt
heoffi
cesareonmainroad.Thenoi
seoftr
aff
ic
ortheloudspeakersofdiff
erenttypesofhor
nsdivertt
heatt
enti
onofthepeopl
e
worki
ngi noffi
ces.
Fati
gue:-

BecauseofNoisePol
l
uti
on,peoplecannotconcentr
ateontheirwor
k.Thust
heyhav
eto
gi
vetheirmor
et i
meforcomplet
ingtheworkandt heyfeel
tir
ing.

Abor
ti
oni
scaused:-

Ther
eshouldbecoolandcal
m atmospher
eduri
ngthepregnancy
.Unpleasantsounds
makealadyofi
rri
ati
venat
ure.SuddenNoi
secausesabort
ioninf
emales.

I
tcausesBl
oodPr
essur
e:-

NoisePol l
uti
oncausescertaindi
seasesinhuman.I tatt
acksontheperson’speaceof
mind.Thenoisesarerecognizedasmaj orcont
ri
buti
ngf act
orsinaccel
erat
ingthe
al
readyexisti
ngtensi
onsofmoder nli
ving.Thesetensionsresul
tincer
tai
ndiseaseli
ke
bl
oodpr essureormentali
ll
nessetc.

Ef
fectonv
eget
ati
on
BASI
MAKP/
IESCE

Poorquali
tyofCr
ops:-Nowiswellknowntoallt
hatpl
ant
saresimil
art
ohumanbeing.
Theyarealsoassensi
ti
veasman.Ther eshoul
dbecool&peaceful
envi
ronmentf
or
thei
rbet
tergrowt
h.Noisepol
lut
ioncausespoorqual
it
yofcr
opsinapleasant
atmosphere.

Ef
fectonani
mal
:-

Noi
sepoll
uti
ondamagethener
voussy
stem ofani
mal
.Ani
mal
loosest
hecont
rol
ofi
ts
mi
nd.Theybecomedanger
ous.

Ef
fectonpr
oper
ty:
-

Loudnoisei
sv er
ydanger
oustobuil
dings,br
idgesandmonument s.I
tcr
eat
eswaves
whichst
ruckthewall
sandputthebui
ldingindangercondi
ti
on.I
tweakenstheedi
fi
ceof
bui
ldi
ngs.

MEASUREMENTOFNOI
SE
Soundwav
esar
evi
brat
ionsof
 ai
r 
mol
ecul
es 
car
ri
edf
rom a 
noi
se 
sour
cet
otheear
.
Soundi
sty
pical
l
ydescr
ibedi
nter
msoft
hel
oudness(
ampl
i
tude)andt
hepi
tch
(
frequency
)oft
he 
wav
e. 
Loudness 
(al
socal
l
edsoundpr
essur
elev
el,
orSPL)i
s
measur
edi
nlogar
it
hmi
cuni
tscal
l
ed 
deci
bel
s (
dB)
.Thenor
mal
human 
ear
 candet
ect
soundst
hatr
angebet
ween0 
dB 
(hear
ingt
hreshol
d)andabout140dB,
wit
hsounds
bet
ween120dBand140dBcausi
ngpai
n(pai
nthr
eshol
d).Theambi
entSPLi
nal
i
brar
y
i
sabout35dB,
whi
l
ethati
nsi
deamov
ingbusorsubwayt
rai
nisr
oughl
y85dB;
 
bui
l
ding
const
ruct
ion 
act
ivi
ti
escangener
ateSPLsashi
ghas105dBatt
hesour
ce.SPLs
decr
easewi
thdi
stancef
rom t
hesour
ce.
Ther
ateatwhi
chsoundener
gyi
str
ansmi
tt
ed,
cal
l
ed 
soundi
ntensi
ty,
ispr
opor
ti
onal
to
t
hesquar
eoft
heSPL.Becauseoft
he 
l
ogar
it
hmi
c nat
ureoft
hedeci
bel
scal
e,an
i
ncr
easeof10dBr
epr
esent
sa10-
fol
dincr
easei
nsoundi
ntensi
ty,
ani
ncr
easeof20dB
r
epr
esent
sa100-
fol
dincr
easei
nint
ensi
ty,
a30-
dBi
ncr
easer
epr
esent
sa1,
000-
fol
d
i
ncr
easei
nint
ensi
ty,
andsoon.Whensoundi
ntensi
tyi
sdoubl
ed,
ont
heot
herhand,
the
SPLi
ncr
easesbyonl
y3dB.Forexampl
e,i
faconst
ruct
iondr
il
lcausesanoi
sel
evel
of
about90dB,
thent
woi
dent
ical
dri
l
lsoper
ati
ngsi
debysi
dewi
l
lcauseanoi
sel
evel
of93
dB.Ont
heot
herhand,
whent
wosoundst
hatdi
ff
erbymor
ethan15dBi
nSPLar
e
combi
ned,
theweakersoundi
smasked(
ordr
ownedout
)byt
hel
oudersound.For
BASI
MAKP/
IESCE

exampl
e,i
fan80-
dBdr
il
li
soper
ati
ngnextt
oa95-
dBdozerataconst
ruct
ionsi
te,
the
combi
nedSPLoft
hoset
wosour
ceswi
l
lbemeasur
edas95dB;
thel
essi
ntensesound
f
rom t
hecompr
essorwi
l
lnotbenot
iceabl
e.
 Measur
ingf
requency(
Her
tz)

• Measur
ingampl
i
tude(
deci
bel
s

Fr
equencyi
sthenumberofv
ibr
ati
onspersecond.–Per
cei
vedaspi
tch

• LowAonapi
anoi
s27.
5Hz

• Hi
ghConapi
anoi
s4185Hz

• Rangeofhear
ingi
nhumans20–20,
000Hz

Wavelengt
hisnotmeasureddi
rectl
y,buti
sthedi
stancet
hatsoundt
rav
elsi
none
cy
cle.Vari
eswit
hdensit
yofmedi um.

– Lowf
requency–l
ongwav
elengt
h

– Hi
ghf
requency–shor
twav
elengt
h

– LowA–41f
eet(
inai
ratNTP)

– Hi
ghC–0.
27f
eet(
inai
ratNTP)

Vel
ocit
yisusual
l
ynotmeasur
eddi
rect
ly.I
tist
hespeedatwhi
chnoi
set
rav
elsi
na
medium.

– I
nai
r,atNTPspeedi
s1130f
t/sec

– I
nwat
er,
speedi
sabout3000f
t/sec

–I
nst
eel
,speedi
s16,
520f
t/sec

Thefol
l
owi
ngfourmethodsareavail
ablefort
hedeter
minati
onofacoust
icnoi
sepower
oft
hemachi
neand/orthesoundpressurelev
eloft
henoiseerni
tt
ed:

•SoundPr
essur
eismeasur
ed.

– Smal
l
estpr
essur
ethatahumancandet
ecti
sabout20µPa.

– Thi
sist
he‘
ref
erencepr
essur
e’usedi
ninst
rument
sthatmeasur
ethei
ntensi
tyof
BASI
MAKP/
IESCE

sound

Thet
hreshol
dofpai
nfr
om exposur
etonoi
sei
s200Pa,
or10mi
l
li
ont
imesgr
eat
er.

Thewiderangeofsoundpressurespresenti
ntheenv
ironmentr
equi
rest
hatweuset
he
deci
belscal
etodescri
benoiseintensi
ty.

Soundpressurel
evel
Lp:compar
eameasur
edav
eragepr
essur
elev
elt
other
efer
ence
pressur
elevel
(20µPa)

 Al
lsoundi
sduet
ofl
uct
uat
ionofpr
essur
elev
elsandt
rav
eloft
hisf
luct
uat
ion

 Soundi
smeasur
edi
ndeci
bel
s–A,
B&Fscal
es

Noi
secont
ainssoundatmanyf
requenci
es.

•Sensi
ti
vi
tyofhear
ingv
ari
eswi
thf
requency
.

•Fr
equencyi
smeasur
edi
nrangescal
l
edoct
avebands.

•dBA,dBCaremostcommon
measur
ementscal
es.

Noi
semeasur
ingequi
pment

–Soundl
evel
met
er

• Timeconst
ant(
1secondor½
second)

• Range(
20–140dB)

• Wei
ght
ingswi
tch

–SoundDosi
met
er

• Av
eragesnoi
seov
ert
ime.
BASI
MAKP/
IESCE

• Cal
cul
atesnoi
sedose

• Wor
nbyt
hewor
ker
.

For
mul
aforaddi
ngdeci
bel
s:

I
fsoundpr
essur
eis0.
02Pa,
whati
sthesoundpr
essur
elev
el?

I
fsoundpr
essur
eis0.
06Pa,
whati
sthesoundpr
essur
elev
el?

Gi
vent
womachi
nespr
oduci
ng80dBeach,
whati
sthet
otalSPL?

Met
hodsofnoi
semeasur
ement

 Hemi
spher
ical
radi
ati
onandf
ree-
Fiel
dmet
hods

Manymachi nesaremount edonornearar efl

ecti
ngf l
oorplane.Underthese
condit
ions,intheabsenceofref
lecti
onsfrom othersurf
acesoft heenvi
ronmentand
i
nt heabsenceofabsor pt
ionint
hesur r
oundings,thesoundpowerl evelmaybe
deter
mi ned.Ahemi spher
eismar kedoutaroundthemachi neandt hesoundpower
Iev
elcalculatedasfoll
ows:
BASI
MAKP/
IESCE

 Di
ff
use-
fi
eldmet
hod

 Semi
-r
ever
ber
antmet
hod-

EQUI
VALENTSOUNDPRESSURELEVEL

Ar at
ingsystem isdevelopedtoassessthedai l
yimpactofnoiseonthesurroundings.The
i
mpactofnoi seisrelatednotonlytosoundpr essur
ebutalsotofr
equency,andwhet herthe
noi
sei scont
inuous,
intermit
tent
,ori
mpulsi
v e.Twosy st
emscommonlyusedinr at
ingnoiseare
ref
err
edt oast heLN andt heLeqconcepts.TheLN conceptisastat
ist
icalmeasur eofhow
f
requent
lyapar
ti
cul
arsoundl
eveli
sexceeded.Fori
nst
ance,L40=72dB(
A)i
mpl
i
est
hat72
dB(
A)wasex
ceeded40%oft
hemeasur
ingt
ime.Apl
otofLNagai
nstNhast
heappear
anceof
acumul
ati
vedi
str
ibut
ioncur
ve(
Figur
e5)
.

Theequi
val
entcont
inuousequal
ener
gyl
evel
,Leq,
iscal
cul
atedas

L(
t)/
10
Leq = 10l
og1/
t 10 dt

wher
et=t
het
imeov
erwhi
chLeq i
sdet
ermi
nedandL(
t)=t
het
imev
ary
ingnoi
sel
eveli
n
dBA.

Thewor
kingv
ersi
onoft
heequat
ion,
fordi
scr
etesampl
es,
is
BASI
MAKP/
IESCE

Li
/10t
Leq =10l
og 10 i

wher
en=t
otal
numberofsampl
est
aken

Li=noi
sel
evel
indBAoft
hei
thsampl
e

t
i=f
ract
ionoft
otal
sampl
eti
me

Q:Calcul
atetheLeqcor
respondi
ngtoa90dBAnoisefor5mi
nut
esf
oll
owedbya60dBAnoi
se
for50minutes.Assumeasampl i
ngint
erv
alof5minut
es.

Thet
isf
ort
he5mi
nut
eand50mi
nut
esampl
esar
e1/
11(
0.091)and10/
11(
0.91)
.Thesum i
s:

90/
10 60/
10 7
(
10 )
(0.
091)+(
10 )
(0.
91)=9.
19x10
7
Ther
efor
e: Leq = 10l
og(
9.19x10) = 80dBA

NOI
SECONTROL

1.El
imi
nat
ion

Eli
minationisapr ocesst hateradicat
esthenoisesour ce–i tist
hemostef f
ecti
veway
topreventr i
skstowor kersandshouldalwaysbeconsi deredwheni ntr
oduci
nganew
workpr ocess,selecti
ngnewwor kequi pmentanddesigningt helayoutofthe
workstations.Exampl esofnoiseel i
minati
onwilli
ncludeav oidi
ngt heuseofnoisy
processesormachi ner y
,eli
minati
onofi mpactsbetweenhar dobj ectsorsur
faces,
outsourcingthenoi sywor kprocessesandmov i
ngthenoisyoper at i
onsawayfrom
otherwor kactivi
ti
es.

Adv anceplanni
ngandintroduci
ngasui tablepur chasi
ngorhi repoli
cyareessent i
alto
reducingthelev
elofnoiseatwor k.Consideringatanear l
yst agehowt henewwor k
processornewmachi nerywoul dwor kwithoutexposingt hewor ker
st oexcessivenoise
i
st hemostcost -
eff
ecti
veandl ong-ter
m measur ebusinessescant aketoreduceov eral
l
noiselevel
s.Befor
eacqui r
ingnewmachi nery,it
snoiselevelsshouldbeconsi dered–
thi
scanbeachi evedbyliaisi
ngwi t
handobt aini
nginformationfrom themanuf actur
eror
BASI
MAKP/
IESCE

suppli
eroftheplantormachiner
y .Thismayincludeinst
all
ati
oninstr
ucti
ons,
mai nt
enancearrangementsandlikelynoi
selevelsundert
hespecifi
cconditi
onsin
whichthemachi nerywil
lbeoperated.TheUKHeal thandSafetyExecut
ive’
s 
‘Buy
quiet’
 
guideforpurchasi
ngquiet
erequi pmentprovi
desfurt
heradvice.

2.Subst
it
uti
on

Substi
tuti
onisapr ocessofrepl
aci
ngnoisymachi neryorequipmentwithquieter
alt
ernati
ves.Whenel i
minati
onisnotpossibl
e,substit
utionofthenoi
symachi ner
yor
equipmentforquieteronesmaybet henext-
bestalternati
vetoprot
ectworkersfrom
exposuretonoise.

Empl oyer
sshouldal way sconsideralter
nati
veequipmentandwor kprocesseswhi ch
wouldmaket hej oblessnoi sy
.It’
sal soimportantt
okeepup- to-
datewitht heappli
cable
standardsandindust rygoodpractice.Perf
ormi ngataskdi
f f
erentl
ycanal soprotectthe
workersfrom noiseexposur e–f orexample,theuseofwel dedinsteadofr iv
eted
construct
ioninfabricati
onsandt heuseofhy draul
i
cprocessest obendmat eri
al
produceslessnoi sethanhammer ing.

3.Engi
neer
ingcont
rol
s

Engi
neeri
ngcontrol
sareallaboutmaki
ngchangest oprocesses,machineryor
equi
pmentsot hatthewor
kersareexposedtolessnoise.Forexample,usi
ngscreens,
barr
ier
s,encl
osuresandabsorbentmater
ial
shelptoreducewor ker
s’noiseexposur
e.

Someengi
neer
ingmeasur
est
hatmaybeconsi
der
edi
ncl
ude:

 separ
ati
ngt
henoi
syar
eaf
rom ot
herwor
kspacesbyasound-
reduci
ngpar
ti
ti
on

 encl
osur
eofnoisymachi
ner
ywit
hsound-absor
bingmat
eri
al(
eff
ectmaybe
l
imit
edunlesst
otal
encl
osur
eisachi
eved)

 av
oidi
ngmet
al-
to-
met
alcont
actbyusi
ngpl
ast
icbumper
s

 usi
ngabsor
bentl
i
ningonsur
facest
ocushi
ont
hef
all
ori
mpactofobj
ect
s

 f
it
ti
ngsound-
absor
bingmat
eri
alst
ohar
dref
lect
ivesur
faces

 usi
ngconv
eyorbel
tsr
athert
hanr
oll
ers

 usi
ngacoust
ical
sil
encer
sini
ntakeandexhaustsy
stems

 usi
ngr
ubbermount
stoi
sol
atev
ibr
ati
ngnoi
sesour
cet
osepar
atei
tfr
om t
he
BASI
MAKP/
IESCE

sur
facei
t’
smount
edt
o

 mai
ntai
ningopt
imum speedofmachi
ner
yori
tspar
ti
cul
arcomponent
s

 r
epai
ri
ngandr
epl
aci
ngl
ooser
otat
ingpar
ts,
wor
nbear
ingsandgear
s

 usi
ngsound-
absorbi
ngmater
ial
onwal
l
s,cei
l
ingandf
loor
stor
educet
henoi
se
l
evelduet
orever
berati
on

 undert
aki
ngregul
armai
ntenanceonequi
pment(
ver
yef
fect
ivei
nreduci
ngnoi
se
emissi
onifcar
ri
edoutr
egular
ly)
.

4.Admi
nist
rat
ivecont
rol
s

Admini
str
ati
vecontrol
sarethewayworkisorganisedtoreduceei
therthenumberof
worker
swhoar eexposedorthel
engthoft
imet heyareexposedtonoise.
Admini
str
ati
vecontrol
sshouldbeusedwhenitisnotpossibletor
educenoiseexposur
e
thr
ougheli
minati
on,subst
it
uti
onorengi
neer
ingnoi secontr
olmeasures.

Someadmi
nist
rat
ivemeasur
esi
ncl
ude:

 I
dent
if
yinghear
ingpr
otect
ionzonesandcl
ear
lysi
gn-
post
ingnoi
syar
eas

 I
ncr
easingthedistancebet
weennoi
sesourcesandworker
s–t hef
urt
heraway
t
henoisesourceis,thel
esshar
mfuli
tsef
fectonworker
swill
be

 Organisingschedulessot
hatnoi
syt
asksar
eper
for
medwhenasf
ewpeopl
eas
possiblearepresent

 Mini
misingthenumberofi
ndivi
dual
sworki
nginanoisyar
ea–keeping
i
ndiv
idualsoutoft
heareai
fthei
rjobdoesnotr
equi
rethem t
obethere

 Li
mit
ingt
het
imewor
ker
sspendi
nnoi
syar
easbyj
obdesi
gnandj
obr
otat
ion

 Pr
ovi
dingr
estbr
eaksi
nar
easawayf
rom anoi
sywor
kenv
ironment

 Pr
ovi
dingsuf
fi
ci
enti
nformat
ion,i
nst
ruct
ionsandt
rai
ningt
othewor
ker
sfort
he
pr
operuseofwor
kequipment.

5.Per
sonalpr
otect
iveequi
pment

Personal
prot
ecti
veequi
pmentprot
ect
st heuser
sfr
om anyadverseeff
ectsonhear
ing
causedbyexposur
etohighl
evel
sofnoise.I
tist
helastopt
ioni
nt hehi
erar
chyof
BASI
MAKP/
IESCE

cont
rolandshoul
dbeusedasal astresor
taft
eral
leffor
tstoel
imi
nateorr
educet
he
noi
selevel
shavebeenexhaust
edt hr
oughtechni
calandorgani
sat
ional
means.