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 | BS EN
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 BS EN 1426:2000

National foreword
Licensed Copy: Contact: sales@controlstesting.co.uk Supplied By:, Controls Testing Equipment, 09 May 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1426:1999. It

supersedes BS 2000-49:1993, which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
PTI/13, Petroleum testing and terminology, which has the responsibility to:

Ð aid enquirers to understand the text;

Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the
interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;
Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate
them in the UK.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to

its secretary.
The Institute of Petroleum publishes and sells all parts of BS 2000, and
all BS EN petroleum test methods that would be part of BS 2000, both in
its annual publication ªStandard methods for analysis and testing of
petroleum and related products and British Standard 2000 partsº and
individually.
Further information is available from:
The Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1M 8AR.
Tel: 020 7467 7100. Fax: 020 7255 1472.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publications
referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the
section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the
ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
pages 2 to 13 and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document
was last issued.

This British Standard, having Amendments issued since publication

been prepared under the
direction of the Sector Amd. No. Date Comments
Committee for Materials and
Chemicals, was published under
the authority of the Standards 13370 11 September 2001 Addition of supersession details
Committee and comes into effect Corrigendum No. 1
on 15 July 2000

 Institute of Petroleum and

BSI 11 September 2001

ISBN 0 580 36031 8

 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1426
NORME EUROPÉENNE
Licensed Copy: Contact: sales@controlstesting.co.uk Supplied By:, Controls Testing Equipment, 09 May 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 1999

ICS 75.140; 91.100.50

English version

Bitumen and bituminous binders – Determination of needle

penetration

Bitumes et liants bitumineux – Détermination de la Bitumen und bitumenhaltige Bindemittel – Bestimmung der
pénétrabilité à l’aiguille Nadelpenetration

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 September 1999.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 1999 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1426:1999 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
 Page 2
EN 1426:1999

Foreword
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This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19, Petroleum
products, lubricants and related products, the Secretariat of which is held by NNI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by
publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2000, and conflicting
national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2000.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations

of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United
Kingdom.

In this standard, annex A is normative and annex B is informative.

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 3
EN 1426:1999
Licensed Copy: Contact: sales@controlstesting.co.uk Supplied By:, Controls Testing Equipment, 09 May 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

1 Scope

This European Standard specifies a method for determining the consistency of bitumen and
bituminous binders. A normal procedure is described for penetrations up to 500 ´ 0,1 mm,
but for penetrations above this value, different operating parameters are necessary.

WARNING The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.

2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and
the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or
revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when
incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies.

EN 58, Sampling of bituminous binders.

EN 1425, Bitumen and bituminous binders – Characterization of perceptible properties.

EN 1427, Bitumen and bituminous binders – Determination of softening point – Ring and Ball
method.

EN 10088-3, Stainless steels – Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished

products, bars, rods and sections for general purposes.

EN 12594, Bitumen and bituminous binders – Preparation of test samples.

prEN 12597:1996, Petroleum products – Bitumen and bituminous binders – Terminology.

ISO 6508, Metallic materials – Hardness test – Rockwell test (scales A; B; C; D; E; F; G; H;

K).

3 Definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the definitions given in prEN 12597:1996 and
the following apply.

3.1
penetration
consistency, expressed as the distance in tenths of a millimetre that a standard needle will
penetrate vertically into a sample of the material under specified conditions of temperature,
load and duration of loading

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 4
EN 1426:1999

4 Principle
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The penetration of a standard needle into a conditioned test sample is measured. For
penetrations up to 500 ´ 0,1 mm the operating parameters are a test temperature of 25 °C,
an applied load of 100 g, and a duration of loading of 5 s. For penetrations above
500 ´ 0,1 mm the test temperature is reduced to 15 °C but the operating parameters of the
applied load and the duration of loading remain unchanged.

5 Apparatus

Usual laboratory apparatus and glassware, together with the following.

5.1 Penetrometer, an apparatus that permits a needle holder to move vertically without
measurable friction and that enables the penetration of the needle to be determined to the
nearest 0,1 mm. The needle holder shall be readily detachable from the apparatus and shall
have a mass of 47,50 g ± 0,05 g. A weight of 50,00 g ± 0,05 g suitable for attachment to the
needle holder shall be provided if not already fixed to the needle holder. The stand upon
which the specimen container, or transfer dish, rests shall be flat and horizontal. The 50 g
weight shall be fixed underneath the support (see Figure 1).

NOTE 1: An example of a suitable penetrometer is shown in Figure 1. To facilitate levelling, the penetrometer
should be provided with level adjustment screws.

NOTE 2: Equipment that controls the penetration time automatically can also be used. Such equipment should
be checked regularly for correct penetration time (see 5.6).

5.2 Penetration needle, (see Figure 2), made from fully hardened, tempered and polished
stainless steel of type X105CrMo17 (1.4125), conforming to EN 10088-3, taking into account
that it is not necessary to comply with the minimum content of molybdenum specified in that
standard, and of Rockwell hardness C54 to C60 determined in accordance with ISO 6508.
The cylindrical body of the needle shall have a diameter of 1,00 mm to 1,02 mm and one
end shall be symetrically tapered by grinding to a cone having an angle of 9° 10' ± 30' over
the entire cone length. The cone shall be co-axial with the cylindrical body of the needle; the
total axial variation of the intersection between the conical and cylindrical surfaces shall not
exceed 0,2 mm. The conical tip of the needle shall be ground square to the axis of the
needle within 2° until the diameter at the tip is between 0,14 mm and 0,16 mm. The edge of
the ground tip shall be sharp and free from burrs.

For penetrations up to 350 ´ 0,1 mm the length of the needle shall be approximately 50 mm.
For penetrations between 350 ´ 0,1 mm and 500 ´ 0,1 mm, use needles that conform to the
requirements given for mass and dimensions, but which are longer in length such that the
ferrule into which the needle is fixed does not penetrate the material under test.

The needle shall be rigidly mounted in a brass or stainless steel ferrule with 5 mm to 10 mm
of the needle inside the ferrule. The run-out of the needle tip or any part of the needle
relative to the ferrule axis shall not exceed 1 mm. The ferrule shall be 3,20 mm ± 0,05 mm in
diameter and 38 mm ± 1 mm in length.

The mass of the ferrule needle assembly shall be 2,50 g ± 0,05 g.

NOTE 1: A drill hole at the end of the ferrule or a flat on the side is possible to control the mass.

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 5
EN 1426:1999

An individual identification marking shall be engraved or stamped on the ferrule of each

needle; the same marking shall not be repeated by the manufacturer within a 3 year period.
Licensed Copy: Contact: sales@controlstesting.co.uk Supplied By:, Controls Testing Equipment, 09 May 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

The needle shall be inspected visually for corrosion and shape and the masses of the needle
and spindle checked regularly.

NOTE 2: The mass of the needle plus needle holder together with the additional mass of the weight provides a
moving load of 100 g.

NOTE 3: It is important that initial and continued compliance with the stringent requirements for the needle
should be maintained. Certification of compliance can be obtained through the needle supplier or a qualified
agency.

NOTE 4: For information concerning tolerances of the needle (Figure 2), see ISO 286-1, ISO 1829, ISO 1101
and ISO 1302.

5.3 Test sample container, metal or glass, cylindrical, flat-bottomed. The internal depth of
the container shall be at least 10 mm greater than the expected penetration, and not less
than 35 mm. Its internal diameter shall be at least 55 mm and shall not exceed 70 mm.

NOTE 1: Recommended dimensions of the test sample container are given in Table 1.

Table 1 - Recommended dimensions of the test sample container

Penetration Internal depth Internal diameter

(0,1 mm) (mm) (mm)
penetration < 200 35 55
200 £ penetration < 350 45 70
350 £ penetration < 500 60 70

If insufficient binder is available (e.g. if it was obtained by extraction of a bituminous mix

core), place a metal (e.g. aluminium) ring in the test sample container. In order to fulfil the
requirements of 7.4.2, use rings with an outer diameter of 53 mm ± 1 mm, and an inner
diameter of 36 mm ± 1 mm. For penetrations lower than 100 ´ 0,1 mm the height of the ring
shall be 20 mm ± 1 mm. For penetrations from 100 ´ 0,1 mm up to 200 ´ 0,1 mm the height
of the ring shall be 30 mm ± 1 mm.

NOTE 2: The precision of the penetration values determined using the metal ring may be different from those
given in clause 9.

5.4 Water bath, with a capacity of at least 10 l, and capable of maintaining the
temperature of the test sample within ±0,1 °C. The bath shall have a perforated shelf
supported in a position not less than 50 mm from the bottom and not less than 100 mm
below the liquid level in the bath. If penetration tests are to be made in the bath itself, an
additional shelf strong enough to support the penetrometer shall be provided.
NOTE: The use of distilled or deionized water is recommended for the bath. Care should be taken to avoid
contamination of the bath water by surface active agents or any other material which may affect the penetration
values.

5.5 Transfer dish, for tests outside the water bath. The dish shall have a capacity of at
least 350 ml and shall be deep enough to ensure that the test sample container is
completely covered with water.

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 6
EN 1426:1999

The bottom of the transfer dish shall be so constructed that the dish cannot be rocked when
it is placed on the stand of the penetrometer. Similarly the surface on which the test sample
Licensed Copy: Contact: sales@controlstesting.co.uk Supplied By:, Controls Testing Equipment, 09 May 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

container rests shall be made so that the test sample container cannot rock during
penetration of the test sample.

NOTE: For temperatures lower than 25 °C, the capacity of the transfer dish should be 1,5 l.

5.6 Timing device, accurate to within 0,1 s.

5.7 Thermometers, solid stem, as specified in annex A.

Other temperature measuring devices may be used instead of mercury stem thermometers.
However, the mercury stem thermometer is the reference device and any alternative device
employed shall be calibrated so as to provide the same readings as a mercury stem
thermometer, recognizing and allowing for change of thermal response times compared with
the mercury thermometer.

NOTE: When measuring and controlling nominally constant temperatures, as in the method described,
alternative devices can indicate greater cyclic variations than mercury thermometers, to an extent depending on
the cycle time of heating and the power of the controlled heat input.

6 Sampling

6.1 Take the laboratory sample in accordance with EN 58, taking all necessary safety
precautions, and ensuring that the test sample is representative of the laboratory sample
from which it is taken. Ensure that the laboratory sample is homogeneous and is not
contaminated (see EN 1425).

6.2 Remove a minimum of 100 g of the laboratory sample, if necessary using a warmed
knife, and transfer it to a suitable container (see EN 12594).

6.3 Raise the material to the required temperature, i.e. 80 °C to 90 °C above the expected
softening point (see EN 1427) and fill one clean (free of dust, grease, rust, etc.) test sample
container (5.3). For polymer modified bitumen, the temperature may not exceed 200 °C
irrespective of the softening point. Fill the container to a depth such that, when the test
sample is cooled to the test temperature, the depth is at least 10 mm greater than the depth
to which the needle is expected to penetrate.

6.4 Immediately after filling, loosely cover the test sample container with a container such
as a lipped beaker of suitable size.

NOTE 1: This assists in the elimination of any air bubbles and it is a convenient way of providing protection
against dust.

Allow the test sample to cool at an ambient temperature between 15 °C and 30 °C; for test
samples less than or equal to 45 mm deep, cool for 60 min to 90 min and for test samples
more than 45 mm to 60 mm deep, cool for 90 min to 120 min provided that the volume of the
test sample does not exceed 180 ml; for test samples of more than 180 ml, cool for 60 min
to 90 min for each 100 ml of test sample. Then place the test sample in the constant
temperature bath for a similar period to that used for cooling, and commence the test.

NOTE 2: For measurement at temperatures lower than 25 °C, longer cooling times can be required.

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 7
EN 1426:1999

6.5 When the conditions are not specified, for penetration values below 500 ´ 0,1 mm, the
Licensed Copy: Contact: sales@controlstesting.co.uk Supplied By:, Controls Testing Equipment, 09 May 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

temperature, total applied load (see 5.2 note 2) and duration of loading shall be 25 °C, 100 g
and 5 s, respectively. For penetration values above 500 ´ 0,1 mm, the test shall be carried
out at conditions of 15 °C, 100 g and 5 s, respectively.

When other conditions are used, the details shall be reported in full.

NOTE: In this case, the precision can be different from that stated in 9.

7 Procedure

7.1 Preparation of the needle holder and needles

Examine the needle holder and its guide to check that it is free of water and other
extraneous matter. Ensure that the needle holder moves freely in its guide. Clean a
penetration needle with toluene or other suitable solvent, dry with a clean cloth and insert the
needle into the needle holder. Unless otherwise specified, add the 50 g weight and ensure
that the total applied load is 100,0 g ± 0,10 g.

NOTE: Erratic results may be obtained with bitumens from certain sources. In such cases pre-treat the needles
by immersing for 5 min in a 1% solution of oleic acid in toluene prior to drying.

7.2 Tests in the constant temperature bath

If tests are made with the penetrometer in the bath, place the test sample container directly
on the submerged shelf of the penetrometer. Keep the test sample container completely
covered with the water in the bath.

7.3 Tests outside the constant temperature bath

If tests are made with the penetrometer outside the bath, place the sample container in the
transfer dish which has been kept in the bath with the test samples, cover the test sample
container completely with water from the constant temperature bath, and place the transfer
dish on the stand of the penetrometer.

For referee tests, make penetrations at temperatures other than 25 °C without removing the
test samples from the bath unless the transfer dish is separately controlled so that the
correct temperature is ensured.

7.4 Determination of the penetration

7.4.1 First determinations

With the test sample container in position, slowly lower the needle until its tip just makes
contact with its image reflected by the surface of the test sample. Ensure that the zero
position of the needle is noted, then quickly release the needle holder for the specified
period of time. If the container moves during the determination, discontinue the test. Adjust
the instrument as necessary to determine the penetration of the needle into the sample in
tenths of a millimetre.

NOTE: The positioning of the needle can be aided materially by good illumination, e.g. by the use of an
illuminated methyl methacrylate tube or a lens.

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 8
EN 1426:1999

7.4.2 Repeat determinations

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Carry out at least three valid determinations with three separate needles at points on the
surface of the test sample that are not less than 10 mm from the sides of the container and
are not less than 10 mm apart. Use a clean needle for each determination. If the penetration
is greater than 100 ´ 0,1 mm, leave all the needles in the test sample until all the
determinations have been completed. If the test is carried out outside the bath and the three
determinations are not carried out within 2 min, return the test sample and transfer dish to
the bath and repeat the determination(s).

7.5 Maximum range of valid determinations

For tests carried out under the conditions of a test temperature of 25 °C, a total applied load
of 100 g and a duration of loading of 5 s, the three determinations shall be acceptable if the
range of the results obtained does not exceed the relevant value given in Table 2.

Table 2 - Maximum range of the valid determinations

Penetration in 0,1 mm up to 49 50 to 149 150 to 250 and

249 above
Maximum difference between
highest and lowest 2 4 6 8
determinations

If the appropriate maximum difference is exceeded, discard the results and repeat the test
from clause 6 on a second sample test container.

If the appropriate range is again exceeded, ignore all determinations and repeat the test until
three valid determinations have been obtained on the same test sample.

7.6 After completion of the test, clean the penetration needles with a suitable solvent and
store so as to prevent corrosion or damage. Do not use detergent or silicone oil for cleaning
needles.

8 Expression of results

Express the penetration value as the arithmetic mean of the acceptable determinations
(see 7.5), in tenths of a millimetre rounded to the nearest integer.

9 Precision

9.1 Repeatability

The difference between two test results obtained by the same operator with the same
apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical test material would, in the long
run, in the normal and correct operation of the test method, exceed the values given in
Table 3 in only one case in twenty.

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 9
EN 1426:1999

9.2 Reproducibility
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The difference between two single and independent test results obtained by different
operators working in different laboratories on identical test material would, in the long run, in
the normal and correct operation of the test method, exceed the values given in Table 3, in
only one case in twenty.

Table 3 - Precision

Operating conditions Penetration in Repeatability Reproducibility

0,1 mm r R
25 °C
100 g < 50 2 3
5s ³ 50 4% of the mean value 6% of the mean value
15 °C
100 g ³ 50 5% of the mean value 8% of the mean value
5s
5°C
200 g < 50 2 4
60 s ³ 50 9% of the mean value 13% of the mean value

NOTE: These precision data are not necessarily applicable at other conditions and for modified bitumen. For
modified bitumen they should only be used as guidance, until criteria data are available.

10 Test report

The test report shall contain at least the following information:

a) the type and complete identification of the sample under test;

b) a reference to this European Standard;
c) the type of apparatus (name and model);
d) the result of the test ( see clause 8);
e) any deviation, by agreement or otherwise, from the procedure specified;
f) the date of the test.

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 10
EN 1426:1999
Licensed Copy: Contact: sales@controlstesting.co.uk Supplied By:, Controls Testing Equipment, 09 May 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

1. Spindle 6. Needle and ferrule

2. Dial assembly 7. Transfer dish with flat bottom
3. Needle holder 8. Test sample container
4. Release assembly 9. Base plate (stand)
5. 50 gram mass 10. Level adjustment screw

Figure 1 - Example of penetrometer

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 11
EN 1426:1999

Dimensions in millimetres
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The radial run out shall not be greater

than 1 in any plane of measurement
during one revolution about the datum
axis A-B.

The axis of the cylinder, to which the

tolerance frame is connected, shall
be contained in a cylindrical zone of
diameter 0,2 with the datum axis C-D.

Figure 2 - Needle for penetration test

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 12
EN 1426:1999

ANNEX A (normative)
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Characteristics of thermometers

Temperature range °C -8 to +32 19 to 27 25 to 55

Scale marks
Subdivision °C 0,1 0,1 0,1
Long lines at each °C 0,5 0,5 0,5
Numbers at each °C 1 1 except 21 1
Max. scale error °C 0,1 0,1 0,1
Immersion Total total total
Expansion chamber temperature
permits heating to °C 80 100 105
Total length mm 374 to 384 270 to 280 374 to 384
Stem outside diameter mm 7,0 to 8,0 6,0 to 7,0 7,0 to 8,0
Bulb length mm 25 to 35 25 to 35 25 to 35
Bulb outside diameter mm 6,0 to 7,0 6,0 to 7,0 < 5,0 and not
greater than
stem
Scale location
Between bottom of bulb to line at °C -5 19 25
Distance mm 77 to 98 135 to 150 115 to 135
Length of scale mm 239 to 289 67 to 101 189 to 229

NOTE: The thermometers ASTM 63C, 17C and 64C were found suitable respectively for the different
temperature ranges.

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 13
EN 1426:1999

ANNEX B (informative)
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Bibliography

ISO 286-1, ISO system of limits and fits. Part 1: Bases of tolerances, deviations and fits.

ISO 1101, Technical drawings – Geometrical tolerancing – Tolerances of form, orientation,

location and run-out – Generalities, definitions, symbols,indications on drawings.

ISO 1302, Technical drawings – Methods of indicating surface texture.

ISO 1829, Selection of tolerance zones for general purposes.

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

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Licensed Copy: Contact: sales@controlstesting.co.uk Supplied By:, Controls Testing Equipment, 09 May 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

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