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INTRODUCTION
CLIMATOLOGY
• The study of climate.it includes climatic data,the analysis of the
causes of the differences in climate, and the application
pp of
climatic data to the solution of specific design.

CLIMATE
• Region with certain conditions of temperature,dryness,wind,
light,..etc..
-oxford dictionary.

Climate is clearly one of the prime factors in culture and therefore

built form.
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WEATHER
• It is the momentary state of atmospheric environment
at a certain location
location.
• It is the short term variations of atmosphere ,as
opposite to long term, or climatic, changes.
• It is often referred in terms of brightness,cloudiness,
humidity, precipitation, temperature etc..,

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EARTH AND THE SUN

The earth is “Geoid”in shape.That is

flattened at poles and bulged at the
equator.
Axis of earth: it is the imaginary line
passing through the north and south
pole.
Rotation: on its own axis from west to east-
--23h 56m &4.09s (one rotation)
Day and nights,sunrise in east and sun set in
west are due to rotation
Revolution: earth revolving round the
sun.365 ¼days (one revolution)
The orbit of revolution is elliptical.
Seasons ,variation in length of day and night
&different temperature zones are the
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Latitudes
Imaginary lines that run horizontally around the earth from east to west.

Longitudes
Imaginary lines that run vertically from north pole to south pole.
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Tilt of the Earth’s Axis

• Tilt of earth’s axis is 23.5 degree from the normal

• Area receiving the maximum intensity of radiation is around
t op cs.
tropics.

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Sunrays on equatorsep23

dec22 Sunrays on equator

june21
Sunrays on tropic of Sunrays on tropic of
Capricorn cancer
march21
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World climatic
zones

Torrid zone: Hottest

zone. Mild winters.
i t
Temperate zone: warm
summers, &cold
winters.
Frigid: mild&short
summers, & long
&sever winters.

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SOLAR RADIATION
QUALITY & QUANTITY

• Earth receives almost all its energy from sun in form of

radiation.

•Spectrum of solar radiation extends from 290-2300 nm.

Ultraviolet Radiation – 290 to 380 nm

Visible Light – 380 to 700 nm
Short Infrared – 700 to 2300 nm

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• Atmospheric Depletion – Radiation gets absorbed by ozone,

vapors and dust particles in atmosphere.

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THE EARTH’S THERMAL BALANCE

The total amount of heat absorbed by the earth each year is balanced
by a corresponding heat loss.

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• Earth’s surface release heat by 3 processes.

 By Long Wave Radiation to outer space
 By Evaporation
 By Convection

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ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE BELTS

Atmospheric
pressure is
not uniform
over the
surface of the
globe.
Air movement
at or near the
equator is
light. At sea
the region
became
known to
sailors as the
Doldrums

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WINDS

The flow of air from a region of high pressure to a region

of low pressure is called wind.
wind
In other words winds are basically conventional currents
in the atmosphere,tending to even out the differential
heating of various zones.

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INFLUENCE OF TOPOGRAPHY

The fforce, di
Th direction
i and
d moisture
i content off air
i flow
fl
are influenced by topography.

Mountain ranges , forest, quarry, town and

surrounding country side, lakes and shores all have
a influence on climate.
climate

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