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STRUCTURE
THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
Relative Relative
Mass / kg Charge / C
mass charge
PROTON
NEUTRON
ELECTRON
THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
Relative Relative
Mass / kg Charge / C
mass charge
Relative Relative
Mass / kg Charge / C
mass charge
Calculate the mass of a carbon-12 atom; it has 6 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons
THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
Relative Relative
Mass / kg Charge / C
mass charge
Calculate the mass of a carbon-12 atom; it has 6 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons
Relative Relative
Mass / kg Charge / C
mass charge
Calculate the mass of a carbon-12 atom; it has 6 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons
Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus
MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus
23
Na
11
Atomic Number (Z)
PROTONS
MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus
23
Na
11
THESE ALWAYS GO
Atomic Number (Z) TOGETHER – ANYTHING
PROTONS WITH 11 PROTONS MUST
BE SODIUM
MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus
23
Na
11
Atomic Number (Z)
PROTONS
MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus
23
Na
11
Atomic Number (Z)
PROTONS
MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Mass
Protons Neutrons Electrons Charge Symbol
Number Number
A 19 21 19
B 20 0 40
C + 11 23
D 6 6 0
E 92 0 235
F 6 13
G 16 2- 16
H 27Al3+
MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Mass
Protons Neutrons Electrons Charge Symbol
Number Number
A 19 21 19 0 19 40 40K
B 20 20 20 0 20 40 40Ca
C 11 12 10 + 11 23 23Na+
D 6 6 6 0 6 12 12C
F 6 7 6 0 6 13 13C
G 16 16 18 2- 16 32 32S2-
H 13 14 10 3+ 13 27 27Al3+
RELATIVE MASSES
There are two common isotopes of chlorine. Calculate the average relative atomic
mass of chlorine atoms
Protons Neutrons %
35
Cl 17 18 75
17
37
Cl 17 20 25
17
ISOTOPES - CALCULATIONS
There are two common isotopes of chlorine. Calculate the average relative atomic
mass of chlorine atoms
Protons Neutrons %
35
Cl 17 18 75
17
37
Cl 17 20 25
17
Average = 35 + 35 + 35 + 37 = 35.5
4
ISOTOPES - CALCULATIONS
There are two common isotopes of chlorine. Calculate the average relative atomic
mass of chlorine atoms
Protons Neutrons %
35
Cl 17 18 75
17
37
Cl 17 20 25
17
Average = 35 + 35 + 35 + 37 = 35.5
4
Method 2 Out of every 100 atoms 75 are 35Cl and 25 are 37Cl
90.92
• positions of peaks gives atomic mass
Abundance / %
• peak intensity gives relative abundance
19 20 21 22 23 m/z
Calculate the average relative atomic mass of neon using the above information.
Out of every 100 atoms 90.92 are 20Ne , 0.26 are 21Ne and 8.82 are 22Ne