Note Geography & Grammar Cards - Levels 4-7
Each day child should prac ce either the geography or grammar
cards for 5-6 minutes. It is recommended that children have all
the geography and grammar cards mastered by the end of Level
7. However, some children master all of them much earlier. As
soon as child masters all of the cards, have child review them
weekly. Child will start a new set of more advanced flashcards
in Level 8, but it is not recommended that child starts on those
flashcards un l Level 8.
Geography &
Grammar Cards
For use with the Level 4-7 Courses
1. Cut out the cards, and store these instruc ons and the cards in a box,
coupon organizer, or set of envelopes or pouches with tabs or labels
LEARNING, MASTERED, NOT LEARNED.
2. Have child prac ce 5-10 cards at a me (which are stored as
LEARNING).
3. Once child has mastered a card (can say the answer without
hesita on the first me), store the card as MASTERED. Review the
mastered cards once every 1-2 weeks.
Note: For the grammar cards, words in red
are for your reference. Child does not need to
say the words in red as part of the memorized
grammar rules.
 #2 #1

What is a pronoun? What is a noun?

#4 #3

What is a subject? What is a verb?

 What is a pronoun?
A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun such as HE, SHE, WE, I,
What is a noun? YOU, IT, THEY, THEM, HER, HIM, HIS, MY, etc.
A noun is a word for a person, place, or thing. (Child needs to give at least six examples of pronouns.)

What is a verb? What is a subject?

A verb is an ac on or being word such as JUMP and AM. A subject is who or what is ac ng or being in the sentence.
 #6 #5
In addi on to star ng with a capital le er 1. An adjec ve describes __________.
and ending with punctua on, what three
things must a proper sentence have? 2. An adverb describes __________.

#8
#7
Do you capitalize north, south, east, and
Do you capitalize seasons?
west?

1. An adjec ve describes a noun.
2. An adverb describes a verb, an adjec
adverb.
Do you capitalize seasons?
No.
In addi on to star ng with a capital le er
and ending with punctua on, what three
things must a proper sentence have?
ve, or another A sentence needs three things: a subject, a verb, and a
complete thought.
In commands, the subject is o en not stated but is
understood to be “you.”
Do you capitalize north, south, east, and
west?
Yes = when indica ng a region
No = when indica ng a direc on
 #9
#10
When do you capitalize a family name such
as Mom, Dad, Aunt, or Grandmother?
What are the four sentence types?

#12 #11

What is a dependent clause? What is an independent clause?

Give an example. Give an example.

 What are the four sentence types?
When do you capitalize a family name such
statement—(declara ve)
as Mom, Dad, Aunt, or Grandmother?
ques on—(interroga ve)
You capitalize a family name such as DAD when it does
not come a er a pronoun and could be replaced with the command—(impera ve)
person’s name.
exclama on—(exclamatory)

What is a dependent clause?

What is an independent clause?
An independent clause is a clause that can stand on its own
as a sentence.
A dependent clause contains a subject and verb but
indicates more to come, so it does not express a complete
thought and cannot be a sentence on its own.
Examples:
1. When the sun rises
2. Because I like to read
 #14
#13
1. What is the acronym for remembering
coordina ng conjunc ons?
A comma and a coordina ng conjunc on
can join together ______________________.
2. What are the seven coordina ng
conjunc ons?

#16 #15
What is a compound sentence? What is a simple sentence?
Give an example.
Give an example.
 1. What is the acronym for remembering
coordina ng conjunc ons?
A comma and a coordina ng conjunc on FANBOYS

join together two independent clauses. 2. What are the seven coordina ng
conjunc ons?
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

What is a simple sentence? What is a compound sentence?

A simple sentence is a sentence with one independent A compound sentence is a sentence with two or more
clause and no dependent clauses. independent clauses.
Example: The birds sing. Example:
The birds sing, so I open the window.
 #18
A dependent clause always starts
with___________?
#20
What are the four sentence structures?
#17
What is a complex sentence?
Give an example.
#19
Sing the subordina ng conjunc on song
to give examples of some subordina ng
conjunc ons.
 What is a complex sentence?
A complex sentence is a sentence with one independent A dependent clause always start with
clause and at least one dependent clause. a subordina ng conjunc on.
Example: When the birds sing, I open my window.

Sing the subordina ng conjunc on song

to give examples of some subordina ng
conjunc ons.
To the tune of “Jingle Bells” chorus What are the four sentence structures?
A er, as
Before, if simple, compound, complex, compound-complex
Un l, since, although
While, when, unless, un l, so that, even though, because

Note: These are not all the subordina ng conjunc ons—there are
over 50.
 #22
#21
Sing the preposi on song to show examples
of preposi ons. What is a preposi on?

#24
When you add a subordina ng
conjunc on to an independent
clause, it turns the clause into
a__________because it _____________.
#23
Do you use a comma when a aching a
dependent clause to an independent
clause?

What is a preposi on?
A preposi on links words in a sentence, usually by showing
posi on in me or space such as ABOVE, BELOW, AFTER, and
DURING. The most common preposi ons are ON, OF, IN, AT,
TO, BY, FOR, FROM, WITH.
Do you use a comma when a aching a
dependent clause to an independent
clause?
YES = when placing it before an independent clause
NO = when placing it a er an independent clause
Sing the preposi on song to show examples
of preposi ons.
To the tune of ABCs
behind, beside, below, by — into, onto, over, like
inside, outside, underneath — before, a er, in between
above, around, on, up, down, — during, within, to, in, out
When you add a subordina ng conjunc on
to an independent clause, it turns the
clause into a dependent clause because it indicates
more to come and is no longer a complete sentence.
Example: The following sentence is an independent clause:
I eat dinner.
Adding the subordina ng conjunc on AFTER turns the independent clause into
a dependent clause, which is not a full sentence:
A er I eat dinner
 #25
#26
What are the two ways you can properly
What is a run-on sentence? combine two independent clauses into one
sentence?

#28 #27
What two things should you NOT do when
What are three ways to fix a run-on
connec ng two independent clauses with a
sentence?
semicolon?
 What are the two ways you can properly
combine two independent clauses into one
sentence?
1. a comma and a coordina ng conjunc on
2. a semicolon and no coordina ng conjunc on
What are three ways to fix a run-on
sentence?
#1: Use a period between the independent clauses to create
two sentences. “Mom is kind. I love her.”
#2: Use a semicolon between independent clauses
that contain closely related ideas. “Mom is kind; I love her.”
#3: Use a comma and a coordina ng conjunc on between
the two clauses. “Mom is kind, and I love her.”
What is a run-on sentence?
In a run-on sentence, two independent clauses are joined
as one sentence without the appropriate conjunc on or
punctua on.
What two things should you NOT do when
connec ng two independent clauses with a
semicolon?
When connec ng two independent clauses with a semicolon,
do not use a coordina ng conjunc on, and do not capitalize
the first le er of the second independent clause.
 #30 #29

What is an interjec on? What is a direct object?

#32 #31

What are three ways to fix a comma splice? What is a comma splice?

 What is a direct object?
A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the ac on
of a verb in a sentence. In the sentence, “I hug Mom,” MOM
is the direct object.
What is a comma splice?
A comma splice is the incorrect use of a comma to join
together two independent clauses. An example of a comma
splice is, “Mom is kind, I love her.”
What is an interjec on?
An interjec on is a word or short phrase used in informal
wri ng that shows a short burst of feeling. Three common
interjec ons are “Wow!” “Hey!” and “Oh!”
What are three ways to fix a comma splice?
#1: Use a period between the independent clauses to create
two sentences. “Mom is kind. I love her.”
#2: Use a semicolon between independent clauses
that contain closely related ideas. “Mom is kind; I love her.”
#3: Use a comma and a coordina ng conjunc on between
the two clauses. “Mom is kind, and I love her.”
 #2 #1

Ocean
Ocean
Ocean

#4 #3

Ocean

Ocean
 Atlan c
Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Ocean

Arc c Ocean

Indian
Ocean
#6 #5

#8 #7
#10 #9

#12 #11
#14 #13

#16 #15
#18 #17

#20 #19
 #22 #21

#24 #23

*
Norway

Sweden Netherlands

*
 #26 #25

#28 #27

*
Portugal Finland
*

Spain United
Kingdom

*
 #30 #29

*
*

#32 #31

*
*
Germany France

*
*

Poland Switzerland

*
*
 #34 #33

*
*

#36 #35

*
Austria Italy

*
*

Hungary Denmark

*
 #38 #37
*

#40 #39

*
*
Belgium *

Iceland

Alaska Ireland

**
*
#42 #41

#44 #43
#46 #45

#48 #47
#50 #49

#52 #51
#54 #53

#56 #55
 #58 #57

D A

B
E E
C B
A D
F Asia
North America
C
G

#60 #59
I

E
F
H
J

C
F G

D
E

B
A

A
D

C
South America

Middle East
B
 A D
Russia
Greenland
B
Canada
E
Mongolia

C United States
China B
Japan A
D
India F
South Korea C
Mexico
G
Indonesia

I
Turkey

H
Syria
A

J G
Israel F
Brazil

Iraq Iran
B

Venezuela

E
Argentina

Jordan
D

G
Bolivia
Bolivia
C

A
Egypt
F
Chile

D
E

Saudi Arabia
Peru

C
Middle East Oman
Colombia

B
Yemen
 #62 #61

A D E

C
B
F
Review
Point to - China
G
- North Korea - Japan
- India - South Korea
- Russia - Australia
- Mongolia - Africa Con nents
- Indonesia - Europe

#64 #63
 Russia
Europe
A D E Europe
North Mongolia
Asia
America
Japan
China
C North
Africa
B India Korea
South South
America F Korea
Africa
Australia
Antarctica
Point to - China Indonesia
G - Japan
- North Korea
- South Korea
- India
- Australia
- Russia Australia
Con nents - Africa
- Mongolia
- Europe
#66 #65

#68 #67
#70 #69

#72 #71
#74 #73

#76 #75
 #78 #77

Point to the following states and say the capital city of each state:
Alabama, Arizona, Kansas, Maine, Michigan, Washington.

#80 #79

Point to the following states and say the capital city of each state: Point to the following states and say the capital city of each state:
Colorado, Arkansas, Minnesota, Montana, Ohio, New Mexico. California, Texas, Utah, Oklahoma, Florida, North Dakota.
 Washington - Olympia
Michigan - Maine -
Lansing Augusta

Kansas -
Topeka

Arizona -
Phoenix

Alabama -
Montgomery

Point to the following states and say the capital city of each state:
Alabama, Arizona, Kansas, Maine, Michigan, Washington.

Minnesota -
St. Paul
North Dakota - Montana -
Bismarck Helena Ohio -
Columbus

Utah -
Salt Lake City Colorado -
California - Denver
Sacramento

Oklahoma -
Oklahoma City New Mexico -
Santa Fe
Texas-
Aus n

Florida - Arkansas -
Tallahassee Li le Rock

Point to the following states and say the capital city of each state: Point to the following states and say the capital city of each state:
California, Texas, Utah, Oklahoma, Florida, North Dakota. Colorado, Arkansas, Minnesota, Montana, Ohio, New Mexico.
 #82 #81

Point to the following states and say the capital city of each state: Point to the following states and say the capital city of each state:
Nevada, Idaho, Illinois, Oregon, Tennessee, South Dakota. Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, Vermont, Wisconsin.

#84 #83

Point to the following states and say the capital city of each state: Point to the following states and say the capital city of each state:
Indiana, Louisiana, West Virginia, Wyoming, Nebraska, Mississippi. Hawaii, Alaska.
 Wisconsin -
Madison Vermont -
Montpelier
Oregon -
Salem
Idaho- South Dakota -
Boise Pierre
Iowa -
Des Moines Nevada -
Carson City

Kentucky -
Frankfort Tennessee -
Nashville

Missouri - Illinois -
Jefferson City Springfield

Point to the following states and say the capital city of each state: Point to the following states and say the capital city of each state:
Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, Vermont, Wisconsin. Nevada, Idaho, Illinois, Oregon, Tennessee, South Dakota.

Indiana-
Indianapolis

Wyoming -
Cheyenne
Nebraska -
Lincoln

West
Virginia -
Alaska - Charleston
Juneau
Hawaii - Mississippi -
Honolulu Louisiana - Jackson
Baton Rouge

Point to the following states and say the capital city of each state: Point to the following states and say the capital city of each state:
Hawaii, Alaska. Indiana, Louisiana, West Virginia, Wyoming, Nebraska, Mississippi.
 #87
#85

Point to the Point to the

following states following states
(which were each (which were each
one of the original 13 one of the original 13
colonies) and say colonies) and say
the capital city of the capital city of
each state: each state:
North Carolina Rhode Island
Pennsylvania Connec cut
New Hampshire Delaware

#88
#86

Point to the Point to the

following states following states
(which were each (which were each
one of the original 13 one of the original 13
colonies) and say colonies) and say
the capital city of the capital city of
each state: each state:
Georgia Massachuse s
Virginia New Jersey
Maryland South Carolina
New York
 Rhode Island - New Hampshire -
Providence Concord
Pennsylvania -
Harrisburg
Connec cut -
Har ord
Delaware -
Dover North Carolina -
Raleigh
Massachuse s - New York -
Albany
Boston
New Jersey -
Trenton Maryland -
Annapolis
Virginia -
Richmond
South Carolina -
Columbia
Georgia -
Atlanta
#89