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Review on Mechanical Properties of Banana Fiber Biocomposite

Article · October 2017

DOI: 10.22214/ijraset.2017.10120

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor:6.887
Volume 5 Issue X, October 2017- Available at www.ijraset.com

Review on Mechanical Properties of Banana Fiber

Biocomposite
Pratik M. Waghmare1, Pankaj G. Bedmutha2, Shrishail B. Sollapur3
1, 2, 3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Savitriabai Phule Pune University, Pune

Abstract: This paper describes mechanical properties and design analysis of banana fiber reinforced biodegradable Plastics.
Natural fiber is a renewable and cheaper substitute to synthetic materials such as glass, carbon which can be used to reinforce
plastics. Banana fiber reinforcement increases Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength of composite. Banana fibers are eco-
friendly and can be used in polymer composites.
Keywords: Biocomposite, Bananao fiber, Biodegradable Plastics

I. INTRODUCTION
In India, banana is abundantly cultivated. Banana fiber can be easily obtained from the pseudo stem after the fruits and leafs are
utilized. It is obvious that ecological materials satisfy fundamental requirements like pollution prevention and cost minimization.
The use of agricultural by-products, which are environmentally friends, such as rice husk, coconut fibers, sisal and banana
minimizing energy consumption, conserving non-renewable natural resources, reducing pollution and maintaining a healthy
environment . Banana is the core of these materials that fulfils these advantages. Natural fibres have become popular reinforcement
material for fibre reinforced polymer composite developments. These reinforcement can replace the conventional fibre, such as
glass as an alternative material. Other than these natural fibers, banana is another interesting material considered as plant fibre and
has a great potential to be used in polymer composite industry, ease of use.
The mechanical properties of different natural fibers such as sisal, vakka, banana, bamboo were compared and it was found that the
banana fibers have much higher tensile and flexural properties than other fibers.
Banana is one of the ecological materials for which it has many distinct characteristics such as:
A. Unbreakable, maintenance free, durable
B. Fire retardant and water resistant
C. UV, acid and alkali resistant
D. Less abrasive
E. Less costly
F. Biodegradable
G. Renewable
H. Eco-friendly
This study use the banana mixed with polymer in which to improve the bonding between fiber and matrix. Specifically, the reason
of the study to use banana fiber is due to they have low density and high mechanical strength as well as raw material cost makes it
economically viable. The fabrication and property evaluation of Banana-Hemp-Glass fiber reinforced composites. Tensile, flexural
and Impact Testing of fabricated specimens were carried out. Banana with Glass fiber composite has highest tensile strength of
39.5MPa followed by Hemp with Glass fiber composite with 37.5MPa and (Banana + Hemp + Glass fiber) composite has 28 MPa.
Flexural load for all is near to 0.5 KN. Impact strength of (Banana + Glass Fiber) composite was 5.5 J on the other hand (Banana +
Hemp + Glass fiber) composite has 8.3 J [1].
The experimental study of bamboo using banana and linen fiber reinforced polymeric composites. Bamboo composites, (Bamboo +
Banana) hybrid composite and (Bamboo + Linen) Hybrid composite were fabricated. Impact Test (Izod/ Charpy), FTIR test,
Rockwell Hardness Test were carried out. Bamboo composite has Impact strength of 2J but (Bamboo + Banana) composite has 4J of
Impact Strength. (Bamboo + Linen) composite has Impact strength of 3J. Hardness of Bamboo composite, (Bamboo + Banana)
composite and (Bamboo + Linen) composites were 20RHN, 35RHN and 40RHN respectively [2].

II. EXTRACTION PROCESS OF BANANA FIBER

The fully grown plant is used to extract the fibers. Banana fiber is extracted from Banana plant. Brown-green skin is thrown away
retaining the white portion which will be processed into knotted fibers. The fibers are extracted using fiber extraction machine. The

©IJRASET (UGC Approved Journal): All Rights are Reserved 847

 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor:6.887
Volume 5 Issue X, October 2017- Available at www.ijraset.com

peel is clamped between the wood plank and knife and hand-pulled through, to remove resinous material. Once dried, the fibers are
ready for knotting. A bunch of fibers are mounted or clamped on a stick to facilitate segregation. Each fiber is separate according to
sizes and grouped accordingly. To knot the fiber, each fiber is separated and knotted to the end of another fiber manually. The
separation and knotting is repeated until bunches of unknotted fibers are finished to form a long continuous strand. The fibers were
washed with sodium hydroxide prior to any treatment. The sodium hydroxide opens up the cellulose structure allowing the hydroxyl
groups to get ready for the reactions. During washing with sodium hydroxide, the wax, cuticle layer and part of lignin and
hemicellulose were removed. The major reaction takes place between the hydroxyl groups of cellulose and the chemical used for the
surface treatment. The fiber treatment resulted in the decrease of the properties of the fiber, but increase in the strength of the
specimen as a whole. [4]

A. Chemical Composition of Banana fiber –

1) Cellulose – 60 to 65%
2) Hemicellulose – 5 to 19 %
3) Lignin – 5 to 10%
4) Pectin – 2 to 3%

B. Mechanical Properties of Banana Fiber –

1) Ultimate Tensile Strength – 54 MPa
2) % of Elongation – 4 to 6
3) Young’s Modulus – 3.48 GPa.

Figure 1- Banana Fibers

III. SAMPLE PEPARATION

our different samples of standard dimensions as per ASTM are prepared. Two for tensile testing and two for compression testing.
Banana fabrics were placed in a mold measuring 300 mm × 300 mm × 4 mm. The accelerator was mixed with resin and the air
bubbles were removed by degassing. Catalyst was added and poured into the mold. The mold was closed and, a dead weight of 45
Kg was placed above. The composites was allowed cure for 24 hrs. Followed by initial curing, the samples were post cured in an
oven at 50°C for an hour. Composites with fiber content of 30 wt % were fabricated. The composites were fabricated by hand lay-
up.

©IJRASET (UGC Approved Journal): All Rights are Reserved 848

 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor:6.887
Volume 5 Issue X, October 2017- Available at www.ijraset.com

Figure 2- Hand Lay up Process

IV. TESTING

Tensile testing and Compression testing of Standard Specimen of Composite material and Non Composite material is carried out.

A. Tensile Test [5]

Tensile test is used to measure the force required to break a material and the extent to which the specimen elongates to breaking
point. Tensile test produces a stress-strain diagram which is used to specify a material or design parts to withstand applications of
force and quality control check. Tensile test is used to determine the tensile strength of a material with unit as N/mm2 or MPa.
The testing is done using UTM to measure the force required to break a polymer composite specimen and the extent to which the
specimen stretches or elongates to that breaking point. Testing is done in accordance with the ASTM D638 procedure at a cross
head speed of 5mm/min.

B. Flexural Test
Flexural strength is defined as a materials ability to resist deformation under load. It is a 3-point bend test, which generally promotes
failure by inter-laminar shear. This test is conducted as per ASTM D790 standard using UTM with the cross head speed of
5mm/min. Flexural MR is about 10 to 20 precent of compressive strength depending on the, size, volume and type of coarse
aggregate used. Anyway the best correlation for specific materials is obtained by laboratory tests for given materials and mix design.
The maximum fiber stress at failure on the tension side of a flexural specimen is considered the flexural strength of the material.

V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Following results are obtained from Tensile and Flexural Testing of Specimen.

A. Tensile Test
TABLE I. TENSILE TEST
No. Parameter Value
1 Maximum Load (N) 872.82
2 Displacement ( mm) 3.5
3 Strain 0.07
4 Tensile Strength (MPa) 22.38
B. Flexural Test
TABLE II. FLEXURAL TEST
No. Parameter Value
1 Breaking Load (N) 60
2 Max. Displacement (mm) 1.3
3 Ultimate Strength (MPa) 10

VI. CONCLUSION
A. Tensile and Flexural behaviour of Banana fiber reinforced composite is studied.
B. Alkali Treated Banana fiber has improved properties.
C. For 30% by weight of banana fiber epoxy resin composite, we can get material of tensile strength of 22.38 MPa.

©IJRASET (UGC Approved Journal): All Rights are Reserved 849

 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor:6.887
Volume 5 Issue X, October 2017- Available at www.ijraset.com

D. Such biocomposite are Eco-Friendly and can be used as a replacement of harmful plastics in interior parts of Passenger Car,
Decorative Parts and for furniture purpose.

REFERENCES
[1] R. Bhoopathia, M. Ramesha, C. Deepa, ‘Fabrication and Property Evaluation of Banana-Hemp-Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites’, Procedia Engineering,
2014, p.2032 – 2041.
[2] Ramachandran M, Sahas Bansal, Pramod Raichurkar, ‘Experimental study of bamboo using banana and linen fibre reinforced polymeric composites’,
Perspectives in Science ,2016.
[3] Nongman, Baharin, Abu Bakar, ‘The Effect of Banana Leaves Lamination on the Mechanical Properties of Particle Board Panel’, Procedia Chemistry, 19
2016 ,p.943 – 948.
[4] K. Senthil Kumar, I. Siva, N. Rajini, J.T. Winowlin Jappes , S.C. Amico, ‘Layering pattern effects on vibrational behavior of coconut sheath/ banana fiber
hybrid composites’, Materials and Design 90 (2016) 795–803, p. 109.
[5] Toshihiko HOJO, Zhilan XU, Yuqiu YANG, Hiroyuki HAMADA, ‘Tensile Properties of Bamboo, Jute and Kenaf Mat-Reinforced Composite’, Energy
Procedia ,56 ,2014 , p.72 – 79.

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