Chapter 1

General Concepts and Historical Events in

Science , Technology and Society
Lesson 1
Intellectual
Revolutions That
Defined Society
 1. Idea 2. Intellectual Activity

Science
as a/an:
3. Body of 4. Personal and Social
Knowledge Activity
1. Science as an Idea.

It includes ideas, theories and all

available systematic explanations
and observations about the natural
and physical world.
2. Science as an
intellectual activity.
It involves systematic observation
and experimentation.
3. Science as a body of
knowledge.

It is a subject or a discipline, a field

study, or a body of knowledge that
deals with the process of learning
about the natural and physical world.
“School Science”
 4. Science as a personal
and social activity.
Explains that both science and activities
done by humans to develop better
understanding of the world around them.
to improve and to survive in life
interwoven with people’s lives
A period of enlightenment
when developments in the
field of mathematics,
physics, astronomy,
biology, and chemistry
transformed the views of
society about nature.

Scientific Revolution
Influences the
Scientific
Revolutions
Science
ideas

Scientific
Revolution

Humans Society
Variables that Influences the Development of
Science Ideas, Discoveries and Technology

Scientist
Science
Creativity Ideas
Passion
to know
Curiosity Science
Discoveries
Passion
Critical Thinking to
Technology
discover
 Scientist that had
shaken the world
through their ideas
Nicolaus Copernicus
Copernicus
placed the sun
to be the
centerpiece of
the universe.
Heliocentrism
During those times, it was judged to be
heretic and therefore it was unacceptable
idea to Catholics.
 Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin
changed our
concept of the
World’s creation
and it’s evolution.
Famous for his
theory of evolution
It is a science marked by
observation and experiment.
Sigmund Freud
Famous figure in
the field of
psychology.
Focusing in
human sexuality
and evil nature of
man.
Cradles of Early Science
Development of Science in:

1. •Mesoamerica

2. •Asia

3. •Africa
Mesoamerica
Maya Civilization

Inca Civilization

Aztec Civilization
Maya Civilization
 Maya Civilization

Religious Structures Calendar System

for Astronomical and Measuring
Observation Time
 Maya Civilization

Machineries and Weaving Cloth,

Hydraulic paint and rubber
System products
 Maya Civilization

Mayan Number system

Hieroglyphics based 20 and
conncept of zero
 Inca
Civilization
Inca Civilization
Road Calendar
paved with (12
stones months)
Irrigation
System
Stone
Buildings
Inca Civilization
First
Suspension
bridge

Inca textiles

Quipu,
knotted
ropes used
for records
 Aztec
Civilization
Aztec Civilization
Mandatory Education Chocolates

Universal /
Inclusive Tribute to
Education their gods.

Antispasmodic Medication

Prevent muscle
spasm. Helps in
surgery
Aztec Civilization
Chinampa Aztec Calendar
Agricultural
farming, land
Planning of
surrounded by activities
canals

Canoe

Light narrow boat

for travelling in
water system
Asia
India

China

Middle East
Countries
India
 India

Manufacturing Ayurveda – system

iron and of traditional
metallurgic iron medicine
 India
Astronomy

360
days
12
months
Planets Eclipses Sun and 30 days
Moon each
 India
Standardized
measurement
Hindu-arabic
Trigonometry Numeral
System

Mathematics
China
 China

Traditional
Medicine Gunpowder
(acupuncture)

Papermaking

Compass
 China

Iron Plough,
Lunar
Wheel barrow,
Propeller
Calendar

Dry Dock
Facility

Seismological
Detector
Middle East
 Middle East
Father of
Optics

Ibn al-
Intromission
Haytham theory of
light
 Middle East

Concept of
algorithm
Algebra
derived from
“al-jabr”
Muhammad Ibn Musa Al-khwarizmi
 Middle East

Science Of
Experimental Father of
Medicine, Chemistry
Clinical Trials
 Africa
Early
Dams

Egyptian
Pyramid

Geometry
 Africa
3 Types of
Egypt Metallurgy
Calendar
Center of Lunar
Alchemy
Iron
Solar
technology
Medieval
Forerunner
of Chemistry Stellar
 Africa
Oldest mathematical
artifact

Tool simple
mathematical calculation

Lebombo Or a six month lunar

calendar
Bone
 Conclusion
Scientific Revolution is a golden
age in the history of science.
Science provided different ancient
civilizations the means to survive
and understand the natural and
physical world.
Prof. Neil P. Aligam, LPT

RMN