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Priscila Bordon
Dr. David A. Roberts
EN 323 American Literature I
3 December 2015
Psycological and Discourse Analysis of the Short Story “ The Black Cat”
The romantic movement in Europe was a controversial period of literary
production which influenced important names of the American literature. From Ralph
to Edgar Allan Poe who was inspired by the European gothic movement. Edgar Allan
Poe wrote psycological gothic novels filled with tension and horrror caused by the
wrongs of madmen and the supernatural. His poems influenced works in Europe
such as Charles Baudelaire’s
Les Fleurs du Mal.
In this essay I will analyze the psycological effects used by Poe to cause the
Black Cat he dramatizes his insights into the unconscious tendency of the mind to
protect itself by rigidly suppresing threatning inner forces” (256).
The short story is narrated in first person by a man who is in jail waiting for his
death. At this point the reader cannot imagine what comes next, however it is
he does not expect belief (1593). The first clear symbol in this short story is the
connection of the narrator to animals. Before his “disease”, that actually means he
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was an alcoholic, he liked having pets in the house and around him. He treated
them well and he was also good to his wife. This connection with animals will be
interpreted here as a sign of purity of the soul, like a child caring for a pet.
However, as he changes his mood and becomes illtempered, he starts to
treat his pets with violence and cruelty, and we can understand as he is not a good
which makes me believe that Poe is building a character based on his own life, a
madness, which caused his violence towards people and his animals, the animals
that represented his good soul. The treatment he gives to his pets may be
understood as what he is doing to his “old” self, the good man, by beating the
animals he is beating himself, his madness is taking over the good man.
Nevertheless, the man himself claims he is not mad in the first lines of the
short story. He does that by stating: “Mad indeed would I be to expect it, in a case
where my very senses reject their own evidence. Yet, mad am I not—and very surely
understand that verbal discourse is a social phenomenon” (Bakhtin, 273)
By denying his own madness, it is possible to state he knew he could be mad
or other would have noticed his madness, and indeed, all of his actions are the
actions of a madman. Poe used a kind of discourse to persuade the reader to
“ I neither expect
nor solicit belief” he is establishing what is clear and what is implicit
in his discourse, it can be interpreted as Poe trying to persuade the reader without
him/her notice by denying many times what is true, and then make the reader
suspicious of what was written and what he actually means.
by the narrator himself “[...] made frequent allusion to the ancient popular notion,
which regarded all black cats as witches in disguise.” (1593). Not only did he state
name that makes the symbol of the cat even stronger. Pluto, that in the Roman
the name of the “ remarkably large and beautiful animal” (1593). Roberta Reeder,
The Black Cat as a Study in Repression
who wrote the article , states;
uses these evil associations to justify his violent behavior. The cat’s blackness
and its name, Pluto, symbolically connote not only the submerged
and unknown.(Reeder, 20)
These two symbols representing the animal which the narrator was most
connected with made him fear the cat to a certain extent. His fear of Pluto, which
was subconscious, in the beginning of the story is understood as affection as the
narrator believed. Because of his madness, that grew fiercer, he starts to believe that
the cat had some kind of supernatural influence over him and that because of the cat
he was changing. He stopped himself from mistreating it, because of his fear, but
respect, which is NOT affection, is the respect to evil inner forces, which he believed
was driving him to mistreat his wife and animals. Pluto represents, for the narrator,
obscure and supernatural forces which drive him mad and evil.
Another important symbol of the this short story is the penknife and the the
word “pen” used in the following passage; “ I took from my waistcoatpocket a
its eyes from the socket! I blush, I burn, I shudder, while I pen the damnable
Merriam Webster, can be used as a synonym to “write” and also means shut in or
confine.
The narrator, at this point, is describing a horrible act towards the cat which
action of the series of actions. I believe Poe is trying to distract us from who is the
real doer of this action, that, by omiting the subject from the other actions the
the following sentences, when he describes what he feels by seeing the terrible
deed, he repeats the pronoun ‘I” even though it was not necessary, since the
sentences are shorter and we can see clearly who is the subject for those short
actions. He distracts us from the subject of the horrible deed, but not from what the
the cat is making him do the act..
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In the sentence “I pen the damnable atrocity.”(1594), we understand his is
eye is also a strong symbol in many cultures; some people believe it is the symbol of
omniscience, or even a gate to the soul. By taking the cat’s eye out I argue he is
confining the evil forces inside the cat, as he would understand the eye as the gate
from where the forces would come out of the animal to influence him.
found in a novel called the
pseudo objetive motivation.
it is one of the manifold forms for concealing another’s speech in hybrid
constructions. The logic motivating the sentences seems to belong to the
of his characters, or of general opinion” (305).
It means that we believe the narrator would harm the cat because of his
violent disposition that had been changing throughout the years, according to the
narrator himself. However, we know he would hurt the cat not because he is telling
distracts us from the subject of the actions, the words in the story become
unimportant and the belief system that surrounds the narrator, which is his violent
nature and his madness, is what makes us aware he is the responsible for his own
the final proof of his madness.
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from what we believe to be supernatural.
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Works Cited
Poe, Edgar Allan; “The Black Cat”.
The Norton Anthology American Literature
7th Edition, Vol B.
Vol. 37, No. 2
John Hopkins University (Jun., 1970), pp. 245262
imagination
. University of Texas Press Slavic series; no. I,1981. pp 269 422
.
Reeder, Roberta; “The Black Cat as a in Repression” Poe Studies
, June
1974, Vol. VII, No. 1, 7:2022