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    Soil Mechanics

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    misaman limited

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 49
    PTT ee tea Match List-l (Soil description) with Listll Qt (Coefficient of permeability, mm/s) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the ists: List-I A. Gravel B. Clay silt admixtures: C. Loess D. Homogeneous clays List-II tot 2. 10° to 10% 3. < 10% 4, 10*to 10% Codes: ABC ODO (2) 4 1 3.2 (o) 1 4 3 2 @412 3 q@ 1 4 2 3 Q.2 Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: List-I A. Loess B. Peat C. Alluvial soil D. Marl List-II 4. Deposited from suspension in running water 2. Deposits: of marine origin 3, Deposits by wind 4, Organic soil 14 a-4 at 4o4 (@3 a4 as seeso anane nanag Wich of tne folowing t/P2 of soil is transported py gravitational fore (a) Loess (© brit ding to IS classification, the r es? (b) Talus (d) Dune sand Accor ange of sit size patticles is: (a) 4.76mm to 2.0mm (0) 2.00mm 00.425 mm (6) 0.425 mm to 0.075 mm (a) 0.075 mm to 0.002 mm Match List-I (Type of soil) with List-II (Feature) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: List-1 A. Lacustrine B. Alluvial C. Aeolian ©. Marine List-II 1. Transported by wind 2. Transported by running water 8. Deposited at the bottom of lakes 4. Deposited in sea water Codes: @) 4 (ob) 3 © 3 @ 4 Boo 3 nanag ANANO ee Scanned with CamScanner —— Soil Mechanics | 387 Q.6 Match List-1 (Range of particle size) with List-II Plasticity index : 32% / (Type of soil) and select the correct answer Liquidity index: 0.15 oe the codes given below the lists: ‘Activity number: 1.58 A = List-l Which of the following inferences can be drawn? . Lesa than 0.002 mm, 1. Gravel 4. The soil is very stiff. B 0075 mm to 002mm 2 Send 2. The soll is medium soft. * D. 475 mm to 0075» 3. Cobble 3. The soil is highly plastic. . nn 4, The soil is medium plastic. Codes: ae 5. The soli active ABCD Seketheceetansver ing necndesgven @ 4514 (b) 4 5 2 i (a) 1,3and5 (b) 1,3, and 4 ©5412 ()2,3and5 — (d) 1, 2and4 WA Q.13. Aclay sample has a void ratio 0.54 in dry state. The specitic gravity of soil solids ts 2.7. What is the shrinkage limit of the soil? (@) 85% (b) 10.0% (©) 17.0% (6) 20.0% Q7 Thecorrect increasing order of the surface area of the given soils is (@) silt, sand, colloids, clay (0) sand, sil, colloids, clay (c) sand, sit, clay, colloids (6) clay, sit, sand, colloids Match List-l (Unit/Test) with List-II (Purpose) and select the correct answer using the codes (ey @ f.3) Consider the following statements in the context iven below the lists: of aeolian soils: List! 1. The soil has low density and low A. Casagrande’s apparatus compressibility B. Hydrometer 2. The soil is deposited by wind. C. Plate load test 3. The soil has large permeability. D. Oedometer Which of these statements are correct? List (a) 1,2and3 (bv) 2and3 1. Determination of grain size distribution (c) 1and3 (@) tand2 2. Consolidation characteristics ) | 3. Determination of consistency limits 9 The collapsible soil is associated with 4, Determination of safe bearing capacty of sail (2) dunesands _() laterite soils Codes: (© loess (2) black cotton soils pce Q.10) Bentonite is a material obtained due to the (2) elses) ~~ weathering of ) 13 4 2 (@) limestone (©) quartzite @3 124 (©) volcanicash —_(d) shales @3 142 Q.15 Consistency as applied to cohesive soils is an indicator ofits Q.11 For a sandy soil with soil grains spherical in (@) density (onpeneeeaenn shape and uniform in size, what is the (©) shearstrength (4) porosity theoretical void ratio? (@) 061 (b) 071 Q.16 The plasticity index and the percentage of grain (a1 (6) 081 size finer than 2 microns of a clay sample are 25 and 15, respectively. Its activity ratio is Q.12. The laboratory tests on a sample yielded the (@25 &) 167 teowing resus, (©) 10 (aos ‘ 9-2 fee 13 le-3 od oe gig. fe IB-2 ger Scanned with CamScanner Q:17 The natural void ratio of a sand samplo li 06 and its density index is 0.6, If its void ratio In the loosest state is 0.9, then the void ratio inthe densest state will bo (@ 02 ©) 04 (b) 03 (@) 05 Q.18 Which one ofthe following correctly oprosonts ‘the dry unit weight of a soil ‘sample which has a Duk unitweight oy ata moisture content of wit? @ @ n(4 5) 100 100 — © Wapee) co Hise Q.19 A soil has a liquid limit of 40% and plasticity index of 20%. The plastic limit of the soil will be (@) 20% (b) 30% (©) 40% (d) 60% Q.20 A soil has bulk density of 22 kN/m? and water Content 10%, The dry density is (@) 20kN/m? (0) 15kNim? (©) 18 kN/m? (6) 19kNIm? Q.21 Selectthe correct range of Density Index / (@Ip>0 (0) [p20 (00 () Ss0 ()0 6 4-3 Greg. 1-3 6e-3 4 68-4 Qe aes AD ae 19 B. SW 2. Soil having uniformity coefficient > 4 Cc. ML 3. Soil have low plasticity D. CL 4. Soil have low compressibility Codes: ABCD @ 12 4 3 (b) 201 3 4 1 428 (Geriereyece Match List-| (Soils) with List-II (Group symbols) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: List Lista A. Clayeygravel 1. SM B. Clayeysand 2. OH C. Organicclay 3. SC D. Silty sand 4.6C Codes: ABCD @3421 ) 4312 ©4321 @3 412 ‘Assoll mass contains 40% gravel, 50% sand and 10% silt, This soil can be classified as @ silty sandy gravel having coefficient of Uniformity less than 60. (©) sity gravelly sand having coetticient of Uniformity equal to 10. (©) gravelly silty sand having coetticient of Uniformity greater than 60. () gravelly silty sand and its coefficient of Uniformity cannot be determined, Inorganic soil with low compressibility are represented by (@) MH (b) SL (ML cH |nasoil specimen, 70% of particles are passing through 4.75 mm IS sieve and 40% of particles ‘are passing through 75 y IS sieve. its uniformity Coefficient is 8 and coefficient of curvature is 2. AS per |S classification, this sol is classified as @ s9P (b) GP © sw @ aw 7-20 63-30 SS ve Scanned with CamScanner 92 Q67 Inapan hae Pattcular soil sample, laboratory analysis 28 yielded the following result, 1. Sand- 20% 2 Sit 2095 3. Clay- 50% Without using the textural chart, the correct {extural classitication ofthe soil would bo (@) loam (b) sandy clay lh 7s, silty leam clay (0.68 The description of sandy sity clay signities that | {@) the soil contains unequal proportions of the three constituents, inthe order sand > sit> slay (0) the soil contains equal proportions of sand, silt and clay (€) the soil contains unequal proportions of sand, sit and clay (0) the soil contains unequal proportions of the three constituents such that clay > silt > sand | (2.89) sieve analysis on a ery sol sample of mass | “=~ 1000 g showed that ‘980 g and 270g of soil pass through 4.75 mm and 0.075 mm sieve, } "respectively. The liquid limit and plastic limits | ‘of the soil fraction passing through 425 m sieves \ are 40% and 18%, respectively. The soil may { be classified as ae (@) SC (b) MI | © () sm Consider the following statements: 1. Coarse-grained soil having fines (<75q in size) between 5% and 12%, have a dual symbol according to IS code for soil classification 2. At liquid limit, all soils have the same shearing strength 3. Lower the shrinkage limit, greater is the , volume change in a soil with change in water ‘content Of these statements: (@) 1 and2are correct (b) 1 and 3 are correct | (©) 2and3arecorect (d) 1, 2and3are correct Lif Q.71. Thocorrect sequence o plasticity of minerals in a soil in an increasing order is 6g-9 (gat Fong Multiple Choice Questions : [2 MADE ERsy itite, montmorillonite lite, montmorillonite, yontmorilonite, ite yontmorilonite, ite (a) silica, kaolinite, {o) kaolinite, silica, i {6) silica, kaoliite, {¢) kaolinite, silica, m ‘Among the clay minerals, the One having the maximum swelling tendency is (o) lite (a) Kaolinite ( (F ontmorionte() Halloysite are Aor etn phat eno (b) Adsorbed water (c) Hygroscopic water (d) Structural water Q.74 Match List-! (Equipment) with Listll (Purpose) NT” and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: Ust-1 A, Sheep foot roller B. Froghammer C. Vibratory roller List-i 1. To density cohesionless soils to relatively larger depths 2. Tocompact lumpy cohesive soil fils 3. Tocompact sols at corners and places which bigger rolers cannot access 4. Tocompact echesionless sols of shallow depth a73 Codes: ABC (@) 4 1 2 ) 204 4 © 43 2 @ 23 4 Q.75 Match List-1 (Roller type) with List-It (Soil type) {and select the correct answer using the codes Given below the lists: List-1 A. Preumatic. roller B. Smooth wheeled roller ©. Sheep toot roller D. Vibratory roller = Scanned with CamScanner Soil Mechanics peo sottechanice 1. Cohesive and granuiar soils 2, Plastic soils of moderate cohesion 3. Cohesionless soils 4, Sity sols of low plasticity Codes: ABCD @4213 3124 @O4123 @3 214 0.76 When the compactive effort is increased in a standard compaction test, the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) (@) Decreases (b) Increases (0) Does not change (@ Isunpredictable Compaction of soil is measured in terms of (@) dry density (b) specific gravity (c) compressibility (d) permeability 0.78} Vibrofloatation techniques is best suited for densitying (@) very loose sands below water table (0) layered clays (©) organic clays (@) coarse sands and gravels & Given below are methods of compaction: 1. Vibration technique 2. Flooding the soil 3. Sheep foot roller 4, Tandem roller 5, Heavy weights dropped from a height Themethods suitable for cohesionless soisinclude (@1,2and3—(b) 2,3and4 (©) 1,2and5 — (d) 3, 4ands 280 Theunit weight of a soil at zero air voids depends a (@) speiitic gravity (0) water content (©) unit weight of water (d) All the above €s) 81) An increase in compactive effort will lead to ~~ hich ofthe folowing? Re AA 4g-4. Beg aaa g5-2 ae ass 49-2 Soe (@) Decrease in both the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and maximum dry density. (b) Decrease in the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and increase in the maximum dry density, (©) Increase in the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and decreases in the maximum dry density. (@) Increase in both the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and maximum dry density, Clayey soils are best compacted by {@) shoop feet rollers (0) vibratory rollers (©) heavy drum rollers (@) ramming and pneumatic tampering Soilis compacted at which one of the following when a higher compactive effort produces highest increase in dry density? (@) Optimum water content (b) Dry side of the optimum moisture content {c) Wet side of the optimum moisture content (@) Saturation moisture content The zero-air voids curve is non-linear owing to {@) the standard proctor test data of dry density ‘and corresponding water content plotting as nonlinear curve (©) the dry density at 100% saturation being a ‘non-linear function of the void ratio (c) the water content altering during compaction (A) the soll being compacted with an odd number ofbelows Why are sheep foot rollers more effective in ‘compacting clayey soils? (@) There is itferential expulsion of water under the roller (©) Contact pressure is high (6) Roller speeds high (@) Drum with is targe @a8\ Fer bette strength and stability, the fine grained soils and coarse grained soils are compacted respectively as: (@) Dry of OMC and wet of OMC (0) Wet of OMC and dry of OMC (6) Wet of OMC and wet of OMC (@) Dry of OMC and dry of OMC where OMC is optimum moisture content. Gord eye SU) (ieee Scanned with CamScanner 4 | | SST Perr cre Ee ed Inataliing heaa time taken forth The test is repe: a af Permeability test on a soil, the }© head to fall from hy to fy ist ated with same initial head hy, the final head #1 is noted in time U2. Which one Of the following equations gives the relation Between tng and h,2 @ = rym) We Si ©) Hr = toh, (©) n= igh, Approximate ratios ofthe permeabilities of two Clean sols having Dy. = 0.6mm and Dj,=0.3mm respectively is (@) 40 88 mane Engy Multiple choice Questions : 3 “(@ Skerpions (a) Prandtls Siemans (2 rostergaarcs (2) Boussinesqs | Tre permeability of @ 301 S4MPI Varies (ip oe d= grain size) : @ og eg (ad (d) ad in the given figure, (b) 3.75 (©) 4.25 @3s = Q.89 Which one of the following expressions u area = 100er represents th shear stengh teal a port? ll Angle of shear resistance of ‘Soilis 9 and symbols -— 2m: Yor Yea Yas Yexy Stand for unit weights of water, Saturated soil, submerged soil and dry sol (a) 2m (0) mi respectively (em (@ 12m i i Etfectve stress ina solis he stress cated by tated the ee (a) Soil mass as whole i (b) Pore water present in the voids (©) Air present in the void (d) Solids present in the soil mass Ass) ‘The coefficient of permeability increases when } () The viscosity of fiuid increases (2) Yay H tan 6 (0) The viscosity of fluid decreases (©) Ea, H~ (H+ Hi yltan 6 (c) The temperature condition decreases a a i ‘a ¢ os (0) Lenath of sample is decreased Ye — Mh Ydtan i" i i soll deposit has three layers of 2-98 Which of the following methods is best suited \ rsa a ae tar mpoleien {or he determination of permeability of coa# n 1 Ng Us 23 = grained soils? #4 the corresponding permeabilities of k, = 2, i k= and, = 4 units, respectively The average fe nee ed J i icular to the bedding planes me é permeatilty perpendicular tothe gpI (©) Both the above @ A (2 (@) None of these. | (8 (@) 16 .97 Determination of costticient of permeability by Q.91 In the case of stratified soil layers, the best Te ans of a field pumping test can be done “equation that can be adopted for computing the @) Soft clay (b) Sandy soil pressure distribution is (©) Sti clay (d) Marine clay Ba-4 Qe-4 B42 dtew 4 914 OR-2- ase Mr 9A] ga-4 Scanned with CamScanner mave ERSY - Reena eaboetegoandautcacaes {@) Equal increase in pore wate, pres total stress a (b) Equal decrease in pore water pressure and total stress (0) Increase in pore water pressure but decrease in total stress (@) Decrease in pore water pressure but increase in total stress 0.99 Duetorise in temperature, the viscosity and the Unit weight of the percolating fluid are reduced to 60% and 90% respectively. If other things remain constant, the coefficient of permeability {@) Increases by 25% (b) Increases by 50% (©) Increases by 33.3% (@) Decreases by 33.3% 0,100 Effective stress on sol: {@) Increases voids ratio and decreases permeability (0) Increases both voids ratio and permeability, {¢) Decreases both void ratio and permeability (@ Decreases voids ratio and increases permeability 0.101 The soils most susceptible to liquefaction are (@) Saturated dense sands (b) Saturated loose sands (©) Saturated clays of uniform size (@) Saturated gravels and cobbles (tere talio of Darcy's coefficient of permeability to porosity is known as: (@) coetfcient of permeability (0) coefficient of porosity (6) coetticiant of uniformity (A) coefficient of percolation @ Q.103 Inataing-head permeabiity test, the time taken for the head to fall from 27 cm to Som is tO minutes, ithe testis repeated with the same inital head, ie. 27 em, what time would it ake forthe head to fal to9 om? @ 3minutes —__(b) Sminutes (©) 6minwes —_—_(¢) 7.Sminutes Q.104 Consider the following statements: Capillary water in sois 1. Causes negative pore water pressure. 44-2 Wet whey 9-4. oe ba Eze Soll Mechanics ! 2. Reduces effective pressure 3. Increases bearing capacity 4, Reduces bearing capacity Which of these statements are correct? (@) 1and3, (o) tand4 (¢) 2and3, (@) 2and4 - 65105) The waterlovelina lake is 5 m above the bed The saturated unit weight ofthe lake bed soils £20 kN/m®. The unit weight of water is 10 kNim® ‘The effective vertical stress at § m depth below the lake bed is {@) SOkNim? {c) 100kNim? (b) 75 kNim? (6) 150kN/m? (06) In a soil deposit of three layers of equal thickness, the permeabilties of fist, second and third layers are in the ratio of 1 :2:3. The ratio of average pereabilly in horizontal direction (f) to that inthe vertical direction (k,) will be (a) 22:18 (0) 18:22 (©) 24:12 (@) 12:24 Q.107 A particular soil sample is subjected to test for the determination of permeability coefficient in two separate constant head permeameters, whose specifications are as under: Perme- Perme- ameter ameter A B Diameter of sample D 20 Length of sample 2k L If the tests on both the permeameters are ‘conducted with equal head of water applied on the samples, then the ratio of amount of water discharged through the permeameters A and B during a period of one hour will be (@) 4.000 (b) 1.000 (©) 0250 (6) 0.125 Q.108 Which one of the following is correctiin respect of pore water pressure u and effective stress , in the soil ust below the bottom of a pond due to a 2 m rise in water level in the pond? (@) u increases by 20 kNim? and ¢ remains unaltered (b) u increases by 20 kKNim? and « decreases by 20 kNim2 () u decreases by 20 kN? and o remains unaltered (6) both u and s remain unaltered one 02-4 09-2 Mn) ob Scanned with CamScanner 96 Mut 9-109 Consider the folowing satoments 1. Organic matter increases the permeability o! a sil 2. Entrapped airdecroases tho parmeabilty of a soil Which of these. ‘statements is/are correct? (@) 1 only (b) 2only (©) Both 1and2 —(d) Neither 1 not 2 9-110 Wihich one ofthe alowing diagrams represents {he effective pressure distribution fora saturated Sollmass of depth '' submerged under water of height z," above its top level ’ = submerged Gensity of soil, 7,4. = saturated density of sol and ¥,,= unit weight of water) @ ©) T © t@ From alow net which ofthe folowing information can be obtained? 1, Rate of flow 2. Porewater pressure 3. Exit gradient 4, Permeability Select the correct answer using the codes given belo (@) 1,2,3and4 — (b) 1. 2and3 only (6) 2,3and4 only (d) t only Q.112 Which one of the following soil types is most likely to be subjected to liquefaction under tors War te Choice Questions 0.119 Atiownet of 3? seismic forces {e) Soft saturated clays {b) Loose saturated sands ; ° as (2 edrecy sal a coffer dam foundation has, ‘channels and 18 equipotential drops, Th, of wate st cing SEEP29E 6 m ys coefficient of permeabilily of founday, 410 min, then the Seepage los pera! length of dam will be (@ 2.16 x 10? m¥day (0) 648 x 102 mi/day ( (o) 1182 x 102 milday (a) 3456 x 10? m/day 0.114 Capillary rise is maximum for 0.115 Water's flowing in an upward direction trap 0.116 For design of fier the criteria usually adopt ea - Emcor {@) coarse grained soils, (0) fine grained soils (c) well graded soils (@) gap graded soils a stratum of sand, 4 m thick, under a totals: difference of 2m. The sand has a sp. g.ol2s land void ratio of 0.065. The factor of sey against quick sand condition would be @ 30 (©) 10 15 (d) 20 is Dag ot fiter () 52 Das of base material <5 Das of base material (e Pisotbase material _ Dg offer < 45 Dis ot titer ig b 40 \ ys of base material ” () Os offter Neximumopening <2 Of pipe of erin proportionality between seers WSlecty and hydraulic gradient is caled {@) Seepage coeticient (©) Coetticient of transmissibility (©) Costticient of Permeability (©) Costtcient of percolation Bs Ie. > 1S Scanned with CamScanner mape EASY Q.118 Inn carthen dam the phreatic i (@) straight line ay (0) circulri (c) parabolic line ne (€) zigzag tine 0.119 Theciitcal hydraulic gradient ota soil, is given by G-1 as axa 1-e ©) Fe G-1 © ite where G = specific gravity, @ = void ratio Ey the permeability of soil does not depend on mineral content but depends on orientation of particles then the void space is known as (@ Poe (6) Micro-pore (©) Capillary (6) Fle 0.121 Darcy's law for flow through soil is valid if Reynold’s number is less than (@) 4000 (b) 3000 (©) 2000 1 Q.122 Which one of the following explains the flow condition occurring within a soll when its effective pressure is reduced to zero? (@) Laminar flow condition (b) Quicksand condition (0) Liquefaction condition (d) Stratified flow condition ‘or an anisotropic soil, permeabilties inx and y directions are K, and K, respectively in a two dimensional flow. The effective permeability K,, for the soil is given by: (@) K+K, (0) K JK, CUK2+ KA IKK {Q.124 The upstream slope of an earth dam under ‘steady seepage condition is {@) equipotentialline(b) phreatic line (©) flow tine (@) seepageline 0.125 To provide safety against piping failure, with a factor of safety of 5, what should be the ‘maximum permissible exit gradient for soil with specific gravity of 2.5 and porosity of 0.35? (@) 0.155 (b) 0.167 (©) 0.195 (d) 0.213 (Q-3 4-2 e-d- 2-3 263 AS Soil Mechanics | 97 Q.126 During seepage through an earth mass, the direction of seepage is {a) parallel to the equipotential lines (6) perpendicular tothe stream lines (c) perpendicular to the equipotental lines (d) along the direction of gravity Q.127A soil has a discharge velocity of 6% 10-7 m/s and a void ratio of 0. Its seepage velocity is (@) 18x 107 mis (©) 6x 107 mis (b) 12x 107 mis (d) 3x 107 mis Consider the following statements: 4. Seepage force is applied by flowing water to the soil skeleton through frictional drag. 2, The magnitude of seepage force per unit volume of soll at any point is equal to Yw/i where 7, is the unit weight of water and i is the hydraulic gradient at that point 3. Ina soil mass subjected to upward flow of ‘water, quick sand condition develops when pore pressure is equal to the total stress Which of these statements is/are correct? (@) tand2 (©) t only (b) tand3 (d) 2and3 Med Cd ‘Aline load of infinite length has an intensity per unit length. What isthe vertical stress oat a depth z below the earth at the centre of the toad? =24 @o (0) 0,-2 ©o%=-= We, fa «, is the vertical stress at a depth equal to z in the soil mass due to a surface point load Q. The vertical stress at depth equal to 22 will be (@) 0.250, (b) 0.500, (©) 1.06, (d) 2.06, Q.131 In a Newmark’s influence chart for stress distribution, there are 10 concentric circles and 50 radial ines. The influence factor of the charts (@) 0.0002 (b) 002 (c) 0.02 (d) 0.2, Q-4- 22,3 age Wek 1a 2b Qe Zon Bee Scanned with CamScanner Multiple Match List-1 (Contact pressure distribution diagrams) with List-ll (Description of foot98) and select the correct answer using the codes \ Given below the lists: List-1 A oh itl | & TAT at. TR List-t1 |. Rigid footing on cohesive soil \ 2. Flexible footing on cohesive soil f '8._ Rigid footing on cohesionless soil at ground level 4, Flexible footing on cohesionless soil at i ‘ground level Codes: ABCD @ 3 1 4 2 4231 i @ 3241 @ 413 2 Q.133 The intensity of vertical pressure, directly below 4 a concentrated load of 3/2 tonnes at a depth ; of 3/2n metres is given by , (@) Sum? (6) 1.0 ume? A cc o(Z) wo (g) we Q.1934 Newmark's influence chart is used for (@) rectangular loading condition (b) loaded area of any shape (©) strip loading (A) circularloaded area m8 Bea Be “sp dependson a 1 facto ried vertical load .dver fall ® paral vt paint with SPC IO loag () 7 {@) sollmodulus ; 1¢ factor for ines’ infuenc vert fo9 Boussipatdenh Zandatthe Cente ca cree load is @ ITA (b) 1-| — | (a 1- a (3) user List-I with List-II and select the correc answer using the codes given below the lists: List A. Stress distribution due to point lad i homegeneous isotropic medium B. Suess cistibuion du to point loa ina enisotopic sail medium C. influence chart fr stress distribution na rectangular area. . D. Influence chart for stress distribution ioguay shaped areas List 1. Sin Brenner 2. Newmark 3. Boussinesq 4. Westergnard Codes: A enaom aawno neouag 3a-+ a 2 ts Scanned with CamScanner mave ERSY Se CRee MEET Q.138 Consider the following statements: 1. Coefficient of consolidation normally increases with decreasing liquid iit of clay, 2, The larger the value of coefficient of consolidation, the longer it takes for full consolidation to occur. Which of these statements is/are correct? (@) t only (b) 2only (©) Both tand2 (a) Neither 1 nor2 Q.139 The virgin compression curve for a soil is shown in figure given below. What is the compression index of the soit? (@) 03 (15 Q.140 The ep curve for a soil is shown in the figure below. The coefficient of compressibility (mIKN) of the soil is Void ratio 300400 Pressure (kN) (@) 4000 (b) 2000 (285x104 = (@) 125x104 .141 The figure given shows the state of a sample of clay before and after consolidation. Based ‘on these figures, the settlement of a clay layer of initial thickness H will be ® f 1 1 Beto ‘Aer Bob o-S a 9S Soil Mechanics Hae be (b) © Gre) We) Ae Hae © Gey ©) tre Q.142 The settlement analysis for a clay layer draining from top and bottom shows a settlement of 2.5 cm in 4 years and an ultimate settlement of 10 cm, However detailed subsurface investigation reveals that there is no drainage at the bottom. The ultimate settlement in this condition will be (@) 250m (©) 10cm (b) 5m (@ 200m 0.143 Match List- with Listll and select the corect answer using the codes given below the lists (notations have their usual meaning): List-| List-II A. Coefficient of 1. m, compressibility B. Compressionindex 2. C,t/ H® C, Time factor 3. a, D. Coefficient ofvolume 4. C, compressibility Codes: ABCD Gs 204 1243 @ 14 2 3 moat est The liquid limit of a saturated normally consolidated sol is 59%. The compression index of this soil for the virgin compression curve will be (@) 0.441 (b) 0.505 (©) 0.605 (©) 0.705 Q.145 Coetficient of consolidation is used to calculate (@) Time rate of settlement (b) Total settlement (©) Pre consolidation pressure (4) Stress in the soil Q.146 The value of a compression index for a remoulded sample, whose liquid limit is 50%, is (@) 0.028 (0) 0.28 (0) 0.36 (@) 0.036 434 44 Smt Fen Scanned with CamScanner | 100 9.147 ato of consolidation (@) Increase: (0) Increase: © @) 8 with decrease in temperature *S with increase in temperature |sindepencent of temperature 's unattected by permeability of soll | “stratum of sand and a stratum of clay have the Samo thickness of 3 m, The coeticient of compressibility of sand is 1/5" of coelficient of Compressibilty of clay and the permeability of Sand is 10,000 times that of he clay. Assuring the same void ratio, the rato ofthe consolidation time forthe clay to that of the sand is (@) 20,000 (b) 90,000 (©) 40,000 (@) 50,000 (2-149 Match List- with List. onthe basis of Terzaghi's one dimensional consolidation theory and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists (Notations have their usual meaning): Ust-1 List-tl Aa, 4, St a B. m, 2, oe Pe log9| Pe »-(F) cc ane Te D7, 4, Soe Pe- Py Codes: ABCD @3 412 ) 34214 ©4321 @® 43 12 9) When the primary consolidation process. a soll is complete, then (@) The hydrostatic pressure will become zero (b) The excess pore water pressure will become 1 zero i (©) Both the hydrostatic and excess pore water pressure will become zero (A) The effective stress will become zero &.151 } normally consolidated clay layer settles by ‘25 mm when the effective stress is increased from 15 kPa to 30 kPa. Ifthe effective stress is later increased further from 30 kPa to 60 kPa, we 99-4 79-3 ssl See | say sa Sora MADE gp, ice questions : MA ‘Multiple Chol thon the acatonal settlement woulg py S (b) 50mm, (@) 25mm (d) 100mm (@ 75mm an the degree of COnsdldaton i 9.182 He tacois about 02 19 ¢.158 Inconsodaton testing, CUE fiting map Hi usedto determine (@) compression index (0) swaling index {@) coefficient consolidation (@) time factor ty a (0) 05 (@ 20 my 0.184 Two specimens of clay A and B are testeg consolidation apparatus. 6 x 104 m2KN and 8 x 104 maKN, (Cj, = 38 x 104 més, (Cg = 1.9% 104 cms, then the ratio Ay/ky is equal to (a) 0.0625 (b) 0.25 © 10 (@ 40 Ihe ultimate consolidation settlement o structure resting on a soil (@) Decreases with the increase in the intaiai ratio (0) Decreases with the decreasein the plastzint (©) Increases with the increase in the initials ratio (@) Increases with the decrease in the por of the soil ing Q.156 The unit of the coefficient of consolidatinis (@) cm@igm (0) cm*sec (©) gm/emisec (a) gm-cmisec Q.187 If the time. required for 50% consolidation! ® femoulded sample of clay with single dane is t then the time required to consolidate same sample of clay with same deg? ? tan but with double drainage ® (a) 4 (b) oe we Coetfcient of consolidation for clays nam (2) decreases with increase in liquid li (©) increases with increase in liquid init (©) fst increases and then decreases ®” (oy Re88e nig Mains constant at all liquid limits StL suas S35 ie “a Scanned with CamScanner ma”de EASY 0,189 Solong as the degree of consolidation (U)coes nor SxCeed 60%, its value after a time tig determined by the equation =2 fa 2 [Ge Oval © un2 (GE @u=2aJ& (a Us 24 ft Tt mt (bp ‘The change that takes place during the process of consolidation ofa saturated clay would inode (@) an increase in pore water pressure and an increase in effective pressure (0) an increase in pore water pressure and a decrease in effective pressure (©) a decrease in pore water pressure and a decrease in effective pressure (G) a decrease in pore water pressure and an increase in effective pressure During consolidation process of clayey soils, indicate the sequence of occurrence of the following events in the order from first to last 1. Load being taken up by the pore-water 2. Load being taken up by the soil grains 3. Drainage of water from the pores of the soil (@)1,2and3 —(b) 2,3.and4 (©) 3and2 2, tand3 (0.162 Given that for an over consolidated clayey soil deposit, the pressure under which the deposit has been fully consolidated in the past is 125 kNim? and the present overburden pressure is 75 kNim?, the OCR of the soil deposit is (@) 75/125 (b) 5075 (©) 125775 (d) 20075 0.163 Which one of the following solshas stress-strain response similar to that of dense sand? (OCR Stands for over consolidation ratio) (@) Over consolidated clays having high OCR (6) Over consolidated clays having low OCR (¢) Normally consolidated clays (4) Unconsolidated clays Q.164 Sand drains are used to (@) reduce the settlement (0) accelerate the consolidation (0) increasing the permeability (@) transfer the load Q.165 The time for a Clay layer to achieve 90% Consolidation is 15 years. The time required to | Shea bo-3 Ung Soil Mechanics ! Gey Steg Ge cen fe. i 101 achieve 90% consolidation if the layer was twice as thick, 3 times more permeable and 4 times more compressible would be @) 60years (0) 75 years (©) 80 years (@) 8Syears Q.166 Consider the following processes involved in consolidation 1. Void reduction 2. Pore pressure development 3. Seepage of water 4. Creep What isthe correct sequence of the processes given above? @ 4192 (0) 231-4 (©) 4942 (0) 21.34 Q.167 Fora certain loading condition, a saturated clay layer undergoes 40% consolidation in a period of 178 days. What would be the additional time Tequited for further 20% consolidation to occur? (@) 89 days (b) 222.5 days (©) 3295days (4) 400.5 days Q.168 Which one of the following conditions is valid in case of unconfined compression test in ‘comparison to tri-axial test? (@) Minor principal stress = 0 (©) Minor principal stress = 0.5 x major principal stress (©) Minor principal stress = major principal stress (€) Major principal stress = 3 x minor principal stress. ‘9. Shear Strength of S« 0.169 Which one ofthe folowing isthe appropriate ti- ial test to assess the immediate stabllty of €anunloading problem, such as an excavation of aclay slope? (@) Utest (©) CU test (©) CDtest (A) Unconsolidated drained tests 2.170 Inati-axial test at failure, major Principal stress, wes 180 KPa, minor principal stress was 100KPa, and pore pressure was 20 kPa. The sine of the angle of shearing resistance of the sandy soll tested is (a) 113 (c) 1/2 Ode Fok Scanned with CamScanner (b) ar7 (@) 16 649% 6523 he felationship between a soil cohesion cand tines compressive sent g,isaven 2s @czq, ly qf2 © c=ais ee Int “axial compression test, the deviator stress is given by (@) 6, +05 (0) 6,- +95) (@) 464-05) .173 For saturated soil, Skempton's B-parameteris (@) nearly zero (o) nearlyo.S (©) nearly.) veryhigh Q.174 In an uncontinad compression test on a clay ‘Specimen of initial volume Vand length L, the area of cross-section at failure is v @ ® L+al V+av ott @ T-at Q.175 The stresses responsible for mobilisation of shearing strength of soil is {@) Effective normal stress, (b) Neutral stress. (c) Total normal stress (@) Shear stress Q.176 Ina direct shear test, the shear stress and normal stress on a dry sand sample at failure are 0.6 kg/cm? and 1 ka/om? respectively. The angle Of internal friction of the sand will be neatly: (@ (b) 31° oar (6) a &D A dense dry sand sample under tr-axial test has the confining pressure of 20 Um?. The angle of internal friction is 35°. The sample wil fail at ‘normal pressure of about (2) 30.5 tim? (©) 31.5 Um? (©) 32.5 tim? (©) 335 ume Inconfined compressive strength testis: (@) Undrainedtest (b) Drained test (©) Consolidated undrained test (d) Consolidated drained test Q.179 The ratio of the undisturbed shear strength to the remoulded shear strength in cohesive soil under undrained conditions is Hoe Aa a qtee AA-2 79-3 Muttiple Choice questlo MRoe fo) 1 (©) betweendang, (@) 2070 (©) greatertnan t fined cOmpreSEVE Sergiy, a.180 The uICo is 100 KN/m?. What is the clay soll ‘sl 2 ‘ ¥ the soil in KN/m* oan 7 (b) 100 (a) 50 On ° atch List| (Field test) with LIStH (Jay, 0.181 Mi gelect te Correct ANSWEr Using teat given below the lists oe List| vane shear test Standard penetration test Static cone penetration test Pressure meter test List-lI 4, End bearing and skin friction resistang, 2. In-situ stress-strain characteristics 3. Soft clay 4, Sandy deposits Codes: oop> ROD © @ 3 Q.182 A vane 20 om long and 10 cm in diameter ia, pressed into soft marine olay atthe botong a bore hole. Torque was applied gradually a failure occurred at 1000 kg-cm. The cohesind the clay in kg/om? is, sOrnD neato aane0 vin vio 0.183 The results of a consolidated drained tia shear test on a normally consolidated clayst shown in Figure below: ‘Shear Sttess (kN? 100 200 "Normal stress (kin?) Scanned with CamScanner mane EASY The angle of internal friction is om) © sn(3) @ om() 0.184 A and B are Skempton’s pore pressure parameters and Ag, and Ao, are incremental principal stresses. Skempton’s pore pressure equation is given by (@) au = Ado + {Ac - Aos)] (0) Au = [Acs + A(t, ~ Ao;)] (0) Au = Aldo + (Ao, + 405)] (@) au = FLdog + H(A, + A03)] 0.185 A cylindrical specimen of saturated soil failed under an axial vertical stress of 100kNim? when, it was laterally unconfined. The failure plane was inclined to the horizontal plane at an angle of 45°. The values of cohesion and angle of internal friction for the soil are respectively (@) 0.5 Nimm? and 30° (b) 0.05 Nimm? and 0° (©) 0.2 Nimm? and O° (d) 0.05 Nimm? and 45° + (x9 I the shearing stress is zero on two planes, then the angle between the two planes is (@) {b) 90° (© 18 (a) 225" Q.187 The state of stress on a plane inclined at an angle of 45° to the horizontal plane is represented on the Mohr's circle by @ point at which {@) normal stress is +92 and shear stress ig S188 is we (©) normal stress is and shear stress +05 2 (©) normal stress is “5°. and shear stress is zero (@) both normal stress and shear stess are equal Q.188 When a soil sample is subjected to a uniformly distributed fluid pressure only, in a tri-axial Se os-v 86 Ot-L Soil Mechanics |__ 103 compression test, the Mohrs representation of the state of stress on sample is © ol on % Fi ° (@) 7 % 0% During the first stage of tri-axial test when the cell pressure is increased from 0.10 Nimm? to 0.26 Nimm?, the pore water pressure increases {rom 0.07 Nimm? to 0.15 Nimm®. Skempton's pore pressure parameter B is (@) 05 (©) -05 (0) 20 (0) -20 2.190 An initial cross-sectional area of a clay sample ‘was 15 sq.cm. The failure strain was 25% in an Lnconfined compression test. The corrected area of the sample at failure would be (@) 15sq.cm ——(b) 208q.em (©) 25sq.cm (a) 30.sq. cm [n t-axial test carried out on a cohesionless soil ‘sample with a cell pressure of 20 kPa, the observed value of applied stress at the point of failure was 40 kPa. The angle of internal friction of the soil is (a) (b) 45° (c) & @ 1% RIL Bau) sat 90-9 Scanned with CamScanner tons: as multiple coke avesons E> ; | ———___ 9-192 A laboratory vane shear ost apparatusis use {determine tho shoar strongihvot acy sa"Pe and only one end of the vano takes patti" Sheating tho soil, tT = appliod torque H= height of vano and = diameter of 10 Vs then shear strength of the clay is given bY jess soil having an angle os, cohosioni ‘ in ¢.is standing at a slope ang oy (a) — b) sistant of oi) rosy cata heslop ig. eM tent (b) tani~tang © a 8 © tang : x0(H+ 2) © x0'(w+ 2) @ (tan tans ‘Which one of he following statements provides ‘cohesionless soil is safe ~ the best argument that direct shear tests af@_g, 498 Ante slope of cohes salesobrgg ) there is no external load Not suited for determining shear parameters of © clay soil? p< o (@) Failure plane is not the weakest plane pre (b) Pore pressures developed cannot be (6) the sol is dry measured ie jircle method the radius (©) Satistactory strain levels cannot be 199 Ja the frtion Oe Perea ficion circle is given by L cos (@) Adequate consolidation cannot be ensured “ ae MH ome ) rsin lis) a rors was cond on so roa : 4 eimaciatra: 0) Taylor's stability number is equal to Atfailure the ratio of S188 jp 213i equal c c c eS @) FA ©) Eye, to unity. Which one ofthe following sheer tests B ete represents this condition? Ack oF Oo {@) Drained tr-axial compression test (©) Undtrained tr-axial compression test (6) Undrained tr-axial compression test (@) Unconfined compression test Inashearteston cohesionless sci, ithe nal yoid 20 ifthe unit weight of soll is 20 kN/m® cohesion’ where ¢ = unit cohesion, F, = factor of slay with respect to cohesion, y= unit weightot si H, = criical height, H = actual height ratio is less than critical void rato, the sample 15kNim2, factor of safety is 1.5 and the stably will number is 0.05, the safe maximum height of te (@) increase in volune slope is (b) initially increase in volume and then remain @) 50m (©) 80m constant © 10.0m () 120m (©) decrease in volume 202))in inf 7 (@) initaly decrease and then increase in volume pas att® Sl slope wth an inclination of" Ulected to seepage parallel to its surface. T* Using Mohrs diagram, the relation between Soll has ¢ = 100 ky? and @ = 30°. Using major principal stress 6,, and minor principal Concept of mobilized cohesion and friction, 8 stress 05, and shear parameters c and ¢ is fector of safety of 1,5 with respect to ste , given by &1= o3N%y +2cYN where Nis equal faerie ™obilized friction angle is (©) 21.05" to (© zag ae a3-2 sg, Mmmm 4: ~ M~ S6—4q- ~+ IAB Sere $3 200-4 2) X¢ a dere z= Scanned with CamScanner mADE EASY Soil Mechanics Ust-! given below gives the possible types of {allure for afinite soll slope and List gives the reasons for these different types of failure Match the items in List-1 with the i F select the correct answer f below the lists: List-1 A. Base failure B. Face failure ©. Toe failure List-tt 1, Soils above and below sols the toe have same 2. Soll above the toe is comparatively weaker 3. Soil above the tos is comparatively stonger Codes: A f@ 4 () 2 @ 2 @ 3 (Fer EI stability number curves are used for the analysis of stability of slopes. The angle of shearing resistance used in the chart is the: (@) Effective angle (b) Apparent angle (©) Mobilised angle (d) Weighted angle tems in List-Il and irom the codes given nseno c 3 1 3 1 0.205 An excavation was made at a slope angle of 54° in homogeneous clay. When the depth of excavation reached 8m, aslip occurred. The slip surface was likely to have passed through a point: (@) Above the toe of the slope (©) Below the toe (©) Through the toe (A) Near the mid-point of the slope Q.206 The factor of safety of an infinite soil slope shown in the figure having the properties c= 0, 6 = 35°, Yay = 16 Ki? and 4, = 20 kNi® is approximately equal to 30" 10 m- (Obed Yond. 6S-3 Na. Oa~ 4 ig de (@) 0.70 (©) 1.00 () 0.80 (@ 120 SRBC tas tg Geeta ee 209) er neon has proved a he back retaining wal? (a) Toreduce the active earth pressureon the walls. (©) Toreduce the build-up of hydrostatic pressure. (c) Toprovide better compaction. (d) To increase the passive earth pressure. 2.208 Coulomb’s theory of earth pressure is based on (@) the theory of plasticity (©) the theory of elasticity (© empirical rules (@) wedge theory Q.209 For a sand having an internal friction of 30°, the ratio of passive to active lateral earth pressure willbe 1 (b) 3 6 @o Q.210 The nature of earth pressure above dredge line behind a cantilever sheet pile wall is @) active (b) passive (©) atrest (@) active and passive Q.211 The critical height of an unsupported vertical cut in a cohesive soils given by Cran( 4542 oy Sia 8) © ran( 5°) © Beales ’) 20 cof ase a? @ Coat 48 +) where,C = unit cohesion angle of internal friction Unit weight of soil Q.212 Passive pressure in soil is associated with (@) Lateral expansion of the soil (0) Lateral compression of the soil (0) Zero lateral strain (d) None of these Olmy OHV Va 0-4 Scanned with CamScanner ws Multiple | Qa2i3g Coefficient of earth pressure at rest is (@) Less than active pressure but greater than Passive pressure (b) Greater than active pressure but less than Passive pressure (©) Greater than both the active and passive cath pressures ' (2) Less than both the active and passive earth pressure against sliding, the ratio of sliding force to resisting force should be i (@) 2155 (b) $1.55 210 (6) 50.645 e215) '° Pore water pressure in the capillary zone is @) Zero (©) Positive (©) Negative (@) Very ow 0.216 Themaximum permissible eocentcty otaretaning wall of width Bo avoid failure in tension is (@) 82 (b) 8/3 © a6 () aie iat is the critical depth of a vertical cut ina Saturated cohesive soll with ¢ = 1.5 tim? and y= 1.8 Um? (@) 0.83 m (©) 250m “217, (b) 1.67 m (@) 3.33 m Q.218 Passive earth pressure in a soil mass is proportional to (@) cot%{45° + (@/2)] (0) tan?[45° - (9/2)] (©) w(t») (d) tan?[45° + (9/2)) (0 19 The earth pressure distribution due to surcharge Wy octipar massa (0) Rectangular (d) Circular (@) Triangular (c) Parabolic Q.220 The factor of safety against overturning between P the base of the wall and the underlying soil should be atleast (@) 200 (b) 1.75 (©) 150 @) 1.25 Q.221 Aretaining wall 8 m high with a smooth vertical back retains a clay backfil with ¢ = 15 kNjm?, = 15° and 7 = 8 kNim®, choice Questions ? MADE g, (b) 23.0 kN/me (A) 1.5kNin? gw ; fa) 35.2 KN tS 2761? ovr sit G25 a, resistance of soll n ike .222 A cantl % 0.728 (a) later (0) set weight {o) thedeadman (6) the anchor rod Consider the following assumptions 1 Fee eum tres ey, 3. Failure wedge is a rigid body, a Coulomb's theory of earth pressures based, aia Oo tberas () 1and3 (4.224) the folowing refer to the stability analysis, earth dam under different conditions 1. Stability of D/S slope during steay (b) tand2 (@) 2and3 seepage. 2 Stability of O/S slope during sudge, 10 (@) > 20 Match List-! (Field test) with List-ll (Property) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lst: Ust-1 List-lI A. Pumping me Bearing capacity B, Plate load test/-2. Load carrying capacity C. Pile load test~U3, Permeabilty Codes: A @ 4 fo) 3 @ 2 @ 3 Ges) nen List-1 (In-situ test) with List-IL (Measurement) and select the correct answer Using the codes given below the lists: Neo-no =-=neo Ust- A. SPT test 1 B. Plate load test C. Field vane shear test} D. CPT test List-II Penetration resistance (N value) Load settlement data 3. Point resistance and skin friction 4, In situ shear strength 38-3 ace 3 Ae) e123 4 @2' 3 @214? the plate load test; opservation ot is oe 1 saterrert of the test plate a) 7 stability of Sol © epee ste {¢) Settlement of sol aa two footings are connected BY a bean, Q: FX noun 28 (@) combined footing (0) strap footing (6) mat footing {d) cantilever footing @.244 The maximum permissible settlement for a foundation on plastic clay for R.C. structures (a) 100mm (b) 75mm. (c) 60mm. (d) 50mm. Q.245 Themaximum permissible settlement for isolates foundation on plastic clay for R.C. columnis (@) 75mm () 60mm () 50mm. (@) 25mm. 0.246 The minimum slope of the well curb in wel foundation should be (V : H) (1:2 (oy tet (2:1 3:4 0247 The dilatancy correction in SPT testis givenby @) N= 18 + (N~ 15) 2 1 OM = 18+ Ley 45) (N= J « 18 + SiN 10) N= 18 + (39) 0.248 A sh malow footing is provided in sandy sol! Cates an ing Ned load. It's bear cat Setermined by I's bearing capacty ‘ansen’s the Scanned with CamScanner made EASY Soil Mechani 0.249 Ashallow foundation is (@) Has ow bearing capacity (0) Has depth of embed, imentless th (©) Restsongroundsurtace wh (0) Causes less settiement ®@ foundation which 0.250 According to Terzaghis theor the 1 bearing capacity of clay is given by senrae @ a, (b) on, (©) oN, (d) 1.2cN, where notations hav e usual meaning The ultimate bearing cay ti Pacity of a footing is reduced by £0% when the postion of watr ate ic (@) Atthe base of the footing \g at ground surface (0) Atground surface (©) Ata depth equal to 1.5 tim foundation (0) Ata depth equal to 0.5 times the depth of foundation es the depth of Q.252 Standard penetration test (SPT) employs the following types of sampler @) Rotary (©) Split spoon (©) Piston (4) None ofthese Q.253 According to Terzaghi's theory, the ultimate bearing capacity at ground surface for a stip footing in purely cohesive soll is given as (@) 257 (0) 5.14 (576 (@) 62C where C is cohesion of soil 0.254 If the weight of excavated soil is equal to superimposed load, then the foundation isknown as (@) Balanced foundation (©) Floating foundation (c) Well foundation (d) Raft foundation Q.255 The SPT value is recorded for the penetration of split barrel sampler for a penetration of (@) 18cm (©) 300m (c) 45cm (d) 60cm 0.256 According to Rankine's analysis minimum depth of foundation is a(1-sine) gy (st) @ (Fert) ew (Se 1+ sing, yl-sing, ° 2 af t-sing o( Here) 0 ese) 0 the dane so-3 Sinn St-3 3-3 $4-3 109 Q.257 I field investigation at a site indicate that the net ultimate bearing capacity of subsoil at 2m, 3 m and 5 m remained the same, that is independent of depth, then the type of soil is (a) Loose gravelly sand (b) Dense silty sand (©) Normally consolidated clay (@) Moist clay and silt .258 The weight of hammer used in Standard Penetration testis (a) 50kg (b) 60 kg (©) 63.5kg (6) 75kg 2.289 Araft foundation with a basement floor is placed at a depth of 4 m below ground level. The superstructure imposes a load of 150 kN/m®on the raft. The unit weight of the soil is 20 kNim®. What are the values of the gross and net loading pressures on the soil, respectively? (a) 230 KNim?, 150 kNim? (0) 150 kNim2, 230 kNim? (©) 150 kN/m®, 70 kNim? (@) 80 kN/2, 150 kNim? Gan ‘Terzaghis bearing capacity analysis, the soil wedge immediately below the footing remains ina state of (@) plastic equilibrium (6) radial shear (©) elastic equiliorium (@) linear shear .261 The bearing capacity of a strip footing on a saturated clay is 120 kN/m®. The bearing capacity ofa circular footing (diameter = width) will be (@) more than 120 kNim? (b) equal to 120 kN/m? (©) less than 120 kNim? (@) any of the above Q.262 Allowable bearing pressure for a foundation depends upon (@) Allowable settlement only (b) Ultimate bearing capacity of soil only (c) Both allowable settlement and ultimate bearing capacity (d) None of above He S8g Stet SE 2 Sony cog bet (rag Scanned with CamScanner Mag, tions IE ~ Iple Choice Quest 283 Inthopiatoosag nate forthe folowing statement, \ i thoulg He S0ll, tho size of Square bearing plate * connected together by a ile ce & (2) toss th structure rests 0n tOp of the pigs. NGM 300 my cap ye ») botwoon gogmmn pie cap stated bio ha gab (©) betwoon 75 ima 2, For situations where pile jg "lee ind 1m i Greater than (b) 30mm (¢) 167mm uation, the bearing capacity Of strip footing festing on cohesive soil (c= 10 Nim?) for unit depth and unit width | (assume Ny, as 5.7) is (8) 47 kNim2 (b) 57 kNim? (©) 67 Nim? (A) 77 kN? Q.266 The Maximum Pressure which a soil can carry without shear failure is called (2) safe bearing capacity (b) net safe bearing capacity (C) netultimate: bearing capacity — (¢) ultimate bearing capacity ize) allowable bearing capacity at 25 mm allowable settlement for afooting in a sandy soll } 's 15 tim?. The allowable bearing capacity for the same footing permitting a seltiement of 40 mi \ (@) 24 ume (©) 30 ume (©) 85 ume (6) 40.ume EM en) Consider the following statements about the under-reamed pile in swelling soils: 1. Its bulb provides anchor against movement due to volume changes of soi. 2. Iisa driven pile. i 3. Its bulb diameter is 2.5 times its shaft 4 diameter. | ‘Which of these statements are correct? to upward pul, BeCestal pls ry reamed plles are more suitanye nas « foundations. Which of these statements isarecoraey, (@) tonly (0) 2only (©) Both tand2 (4) Nether t nrg 0.270 A square pl of secon 30 om x 39g lrgh 1Omponetetesa depo ofa c= 5 kNim? and the mobilizing facto, "8 What isthe load carted by the pie 5 aa friction only? ; " (@) 192kN (b) 75kN CX PL (©) 6OKN (@) 48kN Q.271 In the Engineering News Record for Ula fy determining the safe load carrying cap actyole pile, the factor of safety used is (@) 25 (b) 3 4 @e 0.272 Pile chiven in deep clay deposi trante jg loads by (@) Endbearing (0) Frictional resistance (6) Both (a) and (b (@) None of these 0.273 Mut-under reamed piles are generally providesin {@) Sit soi (6) Sandy soil (©) Expansive clayey soil (©) Gravelly sandy soi (0.274 Resistance load due to skin friction fora ple vavies with @e we oe (@w ined on dng a pie ncaey ol? wilhave (@) High point resistance eo ae oes (©) High skin fiction Oe ein auaan (©) Low point resistance ; o ara seu (9) Improvement cf structure of surround -0 « ye c core cae @8 | er rer 73-3 Yay eer a TN AS-3 £8 Scanned with CamScanner mabe EASY Soil Mechanics | m1 @ In pile foundation, the skin friction and end @.281 The settlement of a group of fiction piles as beating are separated by (@) Static formula (b) Hiley’s formula (6) Engineering news formula (@ Cyclic loading test The settlement ratio of pile group is generally (2) less than 0.25 (0) between 0.5 and0.75 (6) between 0.75 and 1.00 ¢(@) more than 1.00 J Which one of the following is responsible for development of negative skin friction on a pile? (@) Downward movement of surrounding soil, inrespective of pile movement | (b) Downward movement of ple, respective of settlement of soil (c) Settlement of pile more than that of surrounding soi (@) Settlement of pile less than that of surrounding soil Q.279 Match List-I (Types of pile) with List-II (Situations) and select the correct answer using, the codes given below the lists: | List Listll | A. Friction pile-— 1. Stiff clay | B, Batter pile ~,~2. Loose granular soll | C. Tension pile~A+8. Lateral load | D. Compaction pile\4. Uplift load i Codes: ABCD @ 312 4 &) 1 3 4 2 © 3 14 2 @13924 ° Q.280 A single acting steam hammer weighing 22.5 KN and falling through a height of 1.2m drives a WN pile. ithe final set is 12.5 mm, then according Ver ©) toEngineering News formula. . (@) Allowable load for the pile is 300 KN (b) Utimate bearing capacity ofthe piles SOON (6) Allowable load forthe pile is 120 kN (@) Utirate bearing capactt ofthe pile is 12OkN At-¢ 19-4 Ss-2 b-4 compared to that of a single pile is (@) Same (b) Less (c) More (@) None of these 2.282 Select the incorrect statement {@) Static formulae are suitable for friction piles riven through cohesive soils, () Dynamic formulae are most suitable for friction piles driven through cohesive soils (©) Dynamic formulae are suitable for friction piles driven through cohesionless soils (@) Dynamic formulae do not take into account the reduced bearing capacity ofa pile in a ‘group compressive load acts (@) Downwards and increases the load carrying capacity ofthe pile (0) Downwards and reduces the load carrying capacity of pile (©) Upwards and increases the load carrying capacity ofthe pile (@ Downwards and maintains the same load carrying capacity of the pile eT ee Q.284 Consider the following statements: 41. The soil obtained from wash boring is @ representative sample. 2, Recovery ratio will be high during drilling in sound rock. 3, Hollow stem augers are sometimes used to drill holes in sity sand, Which of these statements is/are correct? (@) tonly (&) tand2 (©) 2and3 (d) Sonly 0.285 Consider the following statements On addition of lime to swelling sols, 1. their liquid limit increases 2. their plastic limit increases 3. their shrinkage limit increases 4. their swelling potential decreases Which of these statements are correct? (@) 1and3only — (b) 1, 2and 4 only (©) 2,3.and4only (é) 1,2,3and4 FMD VwP REZ QUEL Scanned with CamScanner Multiple Choice Question Q.286 Duri During a sampling operation, the dive sampler 'S advanced 600 mm and the length of the Sample recovered is 525 mm. What Is the recovery ratio of the sample? te (@) 0.125 « She (©) 0875 een (6) 0.143 Match List (Unit) with Listll (Purpose) and Select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists; List-1 Gradedfiter 4 Lime treatment Impervious clay core Y . Curtain grouting List ~ Toreduce seepage of water through body of earth dam Toreduce water seepage through foundation below dam To stabilize black cotton soils, gom> 3. 4. To drain water without losing fines from the soil Codes: ABCcOD @ 43 12 ) 1243 © 4213 @ 13 4 2 Match List (Type of exploration) wit List Sol Profile) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: List-1 Diamond core diling Uncased wash boring \ . Open pit excavation 4 . Cased boring List-ll |. Medium strong cohesive soils Rocky formation .\ Soft cohesive soils and cohesionless soils. ploration up to relatively large depths pomP> 44, Bxploration up to @ shallow depth below atund evel Codes! co @ 4 7 ®) 2 oY @ 412 8 @23 47 ‘ne correct sequence ‘of the increasing, on, ance to soll SaMPIeS Obtain the disturb Ig, punk, piston. split SPOON ANC remy It, eg ort sampleris : Jer, chunk sampler, spy 4 @ a emoued sampler ¢e enunk sampler ikon SAMPI, i sampler moulded sampler Xa (0 piston sampler, chunk Sample, ema, famolr, split spoon sampler (6) chunk sampler, Piston Sample, cemeuiy, ‘sampler, split spoon sampler oo 0.290 Asoilsamplerhasinner and outer racic 25, a and 30 mm, respectively. The area rai of yy sampleris (a) 24% (b) 34% (oat (@) 54% 0.291 Which technique of stabilization for sub base, preterred for heavy plastic sols? (@) Cement stabilization (0) Mechanical stabilization (©) Lime stabilization (@) Bitumen stabilization Q.292 Mechanical stabilization of the soil is done wit the help of (@) Cement () Lime (©) Bitumen (@ Proper grading 0.299 The area ratio of sampler should not exceed (a) 10% (b) 25% (@) 50% (@) 75% a 288 Consider the following types of soil tests 1. Caltornia bearing ratio 2. Consolidation 3. Uncontined compression The soltsts required to be done inthe cased! undisturbed samples include (@) 1,2and3—(@) 1and2 (©) tand3 (0) 2and3 0.295 Ata site having a deposi of cry sandy soi verage solo standard penetration resister? Nequalto6 was recorded, The compactness the soll depositcan be described as (@) veryloose ——(e) dense (©) medium (@) loose Scanned with CamScanner made EASY Soil Mechanics | 18 Soil Mechanics i , @ 2 @ 3 ® 4 @ &§ © & O F oe © oo 2 oO nw @ 2 @ 3 Ww O 15. @ 6 (©) no 8 © % @ » @ 7 @ 2 @ B 24.) wo () 2% (b) 2. (@ 2 ) 2 @ % @ 3. @ 2 © g @ 3% © 3% @ 3 ) 7% @ @ 2 © 0 @ nO @ @ & @ 4 @ %& @ % (@ 4 @ 4 (©) » © © @ 8. @ 82 @ 8 @ SF 55. (d) 56 (©) 7 @ 8 © 8 @ & @ 6. ( 6 O) 8% © 6 © 6 © 6 (© 67 (@ 6&8 @ & @ 7 @ 7. @ 72 ©) no” @ 6 © 6 @ 7% @ & @ % © © @ oo 2 © 8 © & m 6 & 8 @ 8% OB @ oo) 2 O % © 2 @ B oH * O 6 © 96. (a) 7. @ 9% @ & () 10 @ 101 (e) 102 (6) 102 W108 105 @ 108 @ 107. 108) 103.) 1. @) «oH. 122) 13 © «114% «) O18 @) te @)) 18.) 119. (©) 120. (a) tat. @) 122 (be) 123, (@) 12) 125.) 12H) HATS ) 429. (0) 130 @) 131.) 13, @)-~— 138.) 134 (D) 135. (0) 136. (@) ©) 13% @) 1 @ 1 © ML 2) 4 1H 145. (@) 146, (be) 147, e148, @) 4.) 150.) 151.) 152. (a) 453. (©) 154. (d)— «155. (@)~— 186. (b) 157, (@) TSB.) 188. (b) 160. (d) 161. (©) 162. (c) 163. (a) 164, (b) 165. (c) 166. (b) 167. (bo) 168. (a) 162. (@) 170. (@) «170. «(o) 172) 17) 17.) 175. (a) 176. (b) 177. (b) 178. (a) 179. (c) 180. (a) 181. (b) 182. (a) 183. (a) 184. (b) 185. (b) 186. (b) 187. (a) 188. (a) 189. (a) 190. (o) 491, (@) 192 (b) 193. (b) 194. (a) 195. (d) 196. (d) 197. (c) 198. (o) 499. (c) 200. (d) 201. (c) 202. (b) 203. (d) = 204. a) 205. (c) 206. (a) 207. (b) 208. (d) 209. (d) 210. @ «21 @ BIZ) 21D) 214. (A) 215. () 216. (0) 217. (6) 218). (YO. 224, (D) 2A a) 228, (©) 224. (b) 225. (0) 226. (c) 227. (d) 228. (d) 229, (b) 230. (b) 231. (d) 232. (b) 233. (a) 234. (c) 235, (d) 236. (c) 237. (a) 238. (c) 239. (d) 240. (b) 241. (a) 242. (a) 243. (b) 244. (a) 245. (0) 246, (bd) 247. (b) 248. (a) 249, (b) 250. (ce) 251. (hb) 252. (B) 5B fc) 54. @)— 255. (0) 256. © 257, (c) 258. (c) 258. (a) 260. (c) 261. (a) 262. () 263. (b) 264. (c) 265. (b) 266. (@). 267. (6) «268. (Ad) 269. (0) 270. () 271. (A) 272. © 273. () 274. 6) 275. (0) 276.) «ATT. (A) 278.) 279, (0) 280. (0) 231. (©) 282. (0) «28. (b)-« «284, (6) BH) 88. ©) 287. (@) 268. (0) 289. (2) 200. ©) -t. () «A PHB._—@)— BHA, )—29HL_@) Scanned with CamScanner —— FEENEY sees 6 solcaredenddopoxtsyverwaer se anats soils. Deposits made in lakes &° touting deposits, Wind transported soll are 201 deposits. Drift is a general term used Ga deposits madeby glaciers. Depesis dient 2 by meting of glaciers are called til. Talys,2° calluvial soll deposited by gravity. is) tom of lakes Lacustine ~Depostted atthe bott Alluvial —Transported by running water Aedlian —Transported by wind Marine -Deposited in sea water Ge ‘According to IS gtain-size classification Soil Grain size Boulder > 300 mm Cobble 80 - 300 mm Gravel 4.75 - 80 mm Sand 0.075 - 4.75 mm silt 0,002 - 0.075 mm. Clay < 0,002 mm —~ Finer the particle more the surface area. Silt: 0.002 mm to 0.075 mm Sand: 0.075 mm to 4.75 mm \_Galoids have size less than clay particles. ‘Aeolian soils are deposited by winds. It consists of uniformly graded particles. The void ratio and. permeability of sol are high. They are non-plastic and can withstand deep vertical cuts due to slight cementation between particles. These soils have high compressibility and density is low in natural states, Example: Fine sand in dunes; loess. Bentoniteis decomposed volcanic ash containing high percentage of clay mineral montmorillonite, Consistency sit 100-078 569.50 Medium soft Soft Very sot c= SM and = By here wis natural water content wi liquid iit Ww, iS plastic limit Pris plasticity index Gr+ U= 1.00 cr» or LI< 0, then soll is very si I Cl < 0 or LI> 1 soil behaves as liquid, Activity number Classification 075 Inactive 075 = 1.25 Normal > 1.25 Active So soil is active Liquid timit Plasticity 0-30 % Low oom Medium % High Plasticity Index Plasticity 0 tes Non plastic 10-20 20-49 Medium Sa High So soil is high plastic Very high Scanned with CamScanner ; 15 pre ERS The water cont may be even more tt tent of some ofthe fine-gained sols inkage limit, the sol atshrinkag femains fully saturated. soos, which indicates —~ Fry 054 1 [ug = “Bx 100= F100 = 20%, trek inare than 50% ofthe total mass fs that of —— water Consistency of soil refers tothe resistance offered Eo) pyitagainst forces that tend to deform or rupture Given the soil aggregate. It is related to strength. Pee Void ratio: activity Plastcity Index Percent of clay particles finer than 2um eae 2 Ba167 6 {as activity is more than 1.25 so it is active soll (2.75+0.43) x1 Be Yost = 440.43 . = 2.22 glom? Density Index fot ; Void ratio in loosest state, Ej. = 0.9 ia Void ratio in natural state, @ = 06 Consistency index = Zp = “4-100 09-06 peor, ee ‘p 0.9 - nin = OG, = W,= Ip + Wp = 40 + 20 = 60% Gn = 09-05 = 04 100%, (100+) [Denseness] Very Loose WMediur|Dense] Very loose Dense Dense| D, 0190.15 10) 035 t0 0.65 to0.85 03s | o6s | 08s} 10 Plastic limit, Wp Edi Diameter larger than 0.2mm causes turbulence. Diameter less than 0.0002 mm causes brownian movement and velocity of settlements too small for accurate measurement. Density index: Jp Emax ~ Erin Coarse grained soils like sand cannot achieve the © can range ff0M Epa, 10 Enin depending upon loosest condition to densest condition. plastic state of consistency and their liquid and Plastic limit are said to coincide. Scanned with CamScanner mane Eng, ns: =: Multiple Choice uestio! soil exists DeIOW Water, it ig, { Uquidity index = He s00 : Nios I . _ 40- = SB x0 = Ip= 30% Also, Ip= W- Wp = W,= 30 + 25 = 55% $e (u)ocistubes (Qu)remouides| at unaltered water condition i.e. at undrained Condition. Remoulded shear strength is less than undisturbed shear strength. Soil has three phase representation as follows, 4 4d Ty Ar w,=0 Sova: Ws b—s —= The uniformity of a soil is expressed qualitatively by a term known as uniformity coefficient, C,, given by, - Deo a= Be The larger the numerical value of C,, the more is the range of particles. The consistency index indicates the consistency (firmness) of a soil. It shows the nearness of the water content of the soil to its plastic limit. A soil with a consistency index of zero is at the liquid limit. It is extremely soft and has negligible shear strength. Onthe other hand, a soil at awater content equal to the plastic limit has a consistency index of 100%, indicating that the soil is relatively firm, when the submerge’ ‘Archimeds volume of ‘submerge B Uniformity uniformity value of C, more IS .d con ioe principle it displaces an water. Thus the net Mass of soi .d is reduced. dition. When a volume Von? fd in water, then accorgin, eu Whey of a soil is expressed Qualitative, cootcient. The larger the nurere! the ranges of patticles {aw= s | - l= 0x = 2x08 = 10% we OT iia, The test described is called ‘rolling test’, ‘joughness test’ and indicates the toughness, oy Water cont lent, we oH x 100 Wy, = WO. bs = pq = 500. 9m, Wy, = 500 gm Weight of solids in soil B, MG My In mixed soil, W, = 500 + 333.3 = 833.3 gm W, = 800 + 666.7 = 1166.7 gm Woy = 383. 400 = 71% ”* 1166.7 * 100 = ‘We know that r Gil+w) | J vee L (ire) \ eT Scanned with CamScanner ada 7 noe ERSS Soll Mechanics | For dry soll, W = 0; Be ut saturated soll, w = w, m Activity is defined as and for Wet soil < ww, ‘Thus. dry density Kaolinite) will be activity now ite Montmorillonite is G-tiy type of mineral. So a! and Yao = Yet “Ww = Tyg mineral will be high. Higher the plasticity index higher ‘Thus submerged density < dry density in loosest state void ratio will be maximum = 04 +03 x 0.666 = 0.60 = Soa Ele. Water content weight of water 199 - 2 x 100% = ‘weight of solids“ 10 10__ 10x27 MY. - Void ratio = 7° = 2aja7 28 _Degr tior Dace of saturation ¥, = x10 R= Py + Cyt G- Cy Y% Ry = Observed hydrometer readi + J See v\__10___ 10x27 jeniscus correction Porosity = Stk ae —= ae tos a7 C,= Temperature correction ato B+ 10x y= Dispersive agent correction Degree of saturation represents the portion of volume of voids which is filled with water i.e. Ge(1+) Vv, baa prota S= i x 100 | ie Thus 1, 2, and 4 are correct For a fully saturated soil, V, = V, Vane shear test is used for determination of « $= 100 For a dry soi, Vy=0 7. S=0 shear strength of clays. Its not used for testing 0 4. f SW is well graded sand for which cosllicient of Uniformity (C,) > 6 _ML i silt with low plasticity (< 35%) ‘CL is clay with low Plasticity (< 35%), It also i Possess low compressibiliy, SE a er [Graveretanos ‘ase’ | 08 | aoe 0 Sana retained Corse | sox | oom 10% ‘Sitetaned | Doe | 10s | 100m o% 5 Dy = 4.75mm Dy = 0.075 mm Dey _ 4.75 O,= 2a = 475 _ 63.335 i 4 Diy 0075 = 0999 80 So correct answer isc’. In ML; M represents inorganic silt, L represents low comoressibilty, MH. Inorganic silt of high compressibilly, ! SL: Sand of low compressibility, \ CH: Clay with high compressibilty ee Since more than 50% of particles are passing through 4.75 mm sieve while less than 50% are passing through 75x sieve, the soll is sand | G,=8>6 1<0,=2<3 Therefore its well graded sand (SW). ‘As 50% of sol is clay. Soit willbe classified as clay f Lower the shrinkage limit greater is the volume change. For coarse grained soil with fines < 5% a classification willbe GP, GW, SP, and SW. for fines ke er g mang bing i] GC, SM and SC. For lings 5 rias GM, 3P — GM: Gp ty hat rattan HAO GP = GME GP i bo used. ees 0 0 vu iit tho So POSSESS A Cui wvenalh ich tho smallest valuo ty surg nana PrOCOUU, Fg, Moar tn diferent POS OF lays it iat ii coresponds 0a hoary of about 2.7 KNI”, (MYM Wee wrn* 100 ‘Tho shrinkago ratio SR = (Y=), 100 = SRY Wy We if shrinkage limits loss tho volumo chango wi, cchango in water contont will bo more, (a) Silica has least plasticity while Montmo-titoip has highest plasticity. Bie) Montmo-rillonite has highest swolling characteristics and kaolinite has lowest sweling characteristics. Bs ‘The effect of increasing the amount of compactivo efforts to increase the maximum dry density and to decrease the optimum water content. Bie) Cohesionless soils can be compactod by vibration flooding and dropping heavy woight from height kneading and tamping actions provided by sheers {oot roller and tandem roller are not effective fo ccohesioniess soils, Bw Unit weight at zero air void corresponds 10 dtY density of sol * W depends on specitic gravity, water cont! Nd unit weight of water. | Scanned with CamScanner 19 nnve EASY Soil Mechanics pe @ a , for non- For a given type of compaction, he higher the Westergaard’s equation Is eee in compactive effort, the higher the maximum dry isotropic condition commonly eno unitweight andlower the optimum moisture content sedimentary stratified deposits. With increase in compactive effort, the optimum Cty eg moisture content decrease and dry density Ke Tre inoreases. Thus soi is to be compacted on the dryside ofthe optimum moisture content of orginal Be (lower compactive effort) Proctor curve. aka wet Be ‘The cross-sectional area, Under sheep foot rollers the contact pressure is 1 = 10° x= = 0.05 cm/s. very high and this results in kneading action which = 107 «5% 100 0. s is responsible for effective compaction of clayey =3.0m’/minute = 3 mi/minute soils. oa ea | Effective stress is a function of the particle contact in falling head permeability test, force. , Pore water pressure acts uniformly on all sides of ute At Bt hy, the particle and does not cause ‘the soil particles | a 10 press against each other. | = 2939") a wa(M) 2 wee El h, Water table above the ground surface acts as De surcharge hence total stress also increases. Ratio of permeabilities of the two soils is given by, Also, ¢ = 6 +uand as u increases o increases ky O00 _ (08). fy CD," (03) oo) i F> ssthan angle stable as long as angle of slope is less of shearing resistance. “The factor of safety of slope against shear failure {1208 from which is given by F, = tang = B; slope is just stable 4 < B; slope is unstable 4 > B; slope is stable it Taylors stability No. ra Stability number, where, C,= s 4 = 10 kNim? + Maximum safe height, He atom The factor of safety with respect to shear strength is given by, pet o’ +97, tang’ + + Scanned with CamScanner Re | ‘The shear strength mabised, thus may bowl” as, Face failure or slope failure can occur when the Slope angle B is very high and the soil close to the toe is quite strong or the soll in the upper part of slope is retatvely weak Base failure can ocour when the sollbelow the toe 's relatively weak and soft and the slope is fat. ‘Toe failure occurs in steep slopes when the soll mass above the base and below the base is homogeneous. ‘n Taylor's stability char, the stabilly number is based on the assumption that factor of safety with respect to triton is unity. Thus effective angle is used in the chart end it is equal to the ‘mobilised angle. For slopes greater than 83°, the critical sip circle invariably passes through the toe, (Toe failure. ‘This is true for any angle of friction (4). For slopes less than 53° and small values of 9< 3°, the critical surface passes below the toe and it is called base failure. Factor of safety, 1 — 2a! ]tane Yeaz |tanB ‘Assuming, 0 KN | 10%8 Jtanas* | 2 ro [vamos = 073 Multiple Cholce Que sine: me Ko yall be the ratio of passive to Atty Mang ‘ Ka % pressure : k test) K 7 ese 448in30” * [4-sing0" me ae Critical height = ee Passive pressure compresses soil horizontal ‘cocurs when the retaining wall moves tovardshe ‘backfill. Active pressure stretches soil horizons and exerts tensile force in soil layer. It occu ‘when the retaining wall moves away from the basil Factor of safety against sliding, po Ta Fy = Sum of the horizontal resisting ores Scanned with CamScanner | ne EASY $F, = sum of horizontal driving forces. usually F, 2 155 “Ratio of sliding force to resisting force 1 ee £0648 5 758 8 for an eccenticaly loaded footing Grin E(-%) Gn = BLL B | for no tension, — dny>0 | o 1-250 8 « eck 6 Critical depth = 22, 2X15 1x1 H=2 = 333m Passive earth pressure coefficient, tesing e w= tae eld) | The ea pressure csbuton duet the surcharge loadis = g.K, andis uniform throughout the length | of the retaining wall. Factor of safety against overtuming is given by Sum of resisting moment 5 Me about toe EM, ~ Sumofovertuming moment about toe ‘and should be between 1.5 to 2 For o - @ soil active earth pressure, y= eK, - 20K sints° Kye ‘A> Ty sint5* O75 Te 708 a z=0 py=-2x 15x JOB = 23.2 Nin? 129 Soil Mechanics sure on the back of the ple T away from fill and fatal ‘oil below the dredge The active earth pre’ tries to push the wal passive resistance due 10 5 line tries to restore the pile Ea ture plane is assumed t0 in Coulomb's theory fl .dge acts as.a rigid body: be plane. The sliding we' The wall is assumed rough. ae Forearth dam during steady seepage, he critical condition occurs or IS slope. For rapid drawdown case UMS slope represents critical condition. In both cases the pore water pressure is determined from flow net. During construction, the likely to develop and st ‘during or immediately after construc ‘excess pore pressure is: ‘ability of U/S and D/S tion slopes should be considered ie 20, Depth of tension crack = = & Yo 4 _ 2x 1000 “2 = 1000 cm = 10m Rankine’s earth pressure theory assumes that the retaining wall is smooth and vertical and the {ground surface is plane which may be inclined or horizontal sit H Kee ob ru 7K Eni ‘As per Terzaghi’s bearing capacity equation, uy = CN, + 1D, Ny + 0.5 1BN, For a purely cohesive soil, 7 N,=1and N,=0 : ua = ON, + 1D, But repr = Guem 1D, Gata = Ne +1) ¥D, => Apaiun = Ne | oe Scanned with CamScanner Multiple Choice Changing the width of footing does not affect the bearing capacity of clays. Corrected SPT value, 1 N= 15+ 3("-16) = 15+3(02-19) = 15+85=235 erry In the case of loose sand there may be loose Pockets causing differential settlements. Raft foundations reduce the differentia setiements and higher allowable soil pressure may be used for design of rafts on loose sands. Under-reamed piles are suitable to bear the swelling Pressure caused by black cotton soil Load intensity for 4.5 KN load on 30 cm square plate will be, 45 (03? Load intensity for 200 kN oad on 2m x 2m footing will be, 50 kNim? a= d 200 « 5OKNIm? Since load intensity is same so, 3(G)+03)) s- $-(dvaa) "According to Terzaghi there are three zones: questions MADE gp, Elastic zone of wedge shape Zonet Fath the loaded Strip wher Peso ptincipal SESS Vera fomains in elastic Equilibriyn, behaves as if it were q of footing itself and £CAB = ¢¢, ay 6 i here Radial shear zone where are cp zee logarithmic spiral. (Circular hen * 0). itis called Rankine Passive zone 4 overburden pressure ¢ = 1D, ack = q surcharge on this zone. Zone-3: ing capacity factors Ne Nandy le of friction only. for @ < 30° for 30° < @ < 40° for ¢ < 40° Terzaghi's beat! are function of ang} N,> Nq> Ny N, > Ny> Na N.> Ne> No ‘According to Terzaghi, uy = 05 1B Ny for strip footing 4 BN, for square footing Using the above equations, eO_ 2 = Gaxoe ~ 250 Kile For strip footing, Gy = 05 X 1.2 x 250 = 150 kNIE ‘The size effect of footing has been considered ty ‘empirically evolving the equation: S. (eazy 5, * (BG +30) 0 This equation is applicable for dense sands avira general shear failure, ou = Ne 50 where G= = 25 kNim? N, = 6( 14 0.2 D/B) for D, = 0, we get N, = * uy = 25 x 6 = 150 KNIm? Scanned with CamScanner nape ERSY Pumping-in and pumping-outtests are in situtest to measure permeabilly. The results represent the overall coefficient of permeabilty of a large mass of soil Cyclic penetration test (CPT) is carried out to separate skin fiction and point resistance. AA strap footing is required in the following two cases: 4. When.’ < L/S, where's the distance of the resultant of column loads from the exterior face of the exterior column, and Lis the length of the footing. 2. When the distance between the two columns is solarge that a combined footing becomes excessively long and narrow. A strap footing consists of two spread footings joined by a rigid beam known as a strap. The strap is not subjected to any direct soil pressure from below. Maximum permissible settlement for, Raft foundation on sandy soil is 40 - 65mm Raft foundation on clayey soil is 65-100 mm Maximum permisible settlement for Isolated footing on sandy soil is 40 mm Isolated footing on clayey soil is 65 mm The slope of the inner face of the curb should be such as to push forward easily. The angle with the vertical should preferably be not more than 30° in ordinary soil and 45° for sandy sol Dilatancy correction is meantto account for excess pore pressure developed in sity fine sands and fine sands below the water table. The dilatancy correction in the SPT number is given by, | 131 Soil Mechanics ‘uqis the recorded value and Nis the corrected value is Nq $ 18, Np = Np Ee ‘According to Hansen, the ultimate bearing capacity is given by a= Ne SMe e+ GMa Sa Aa fa +05 7B N, 5 i, Sy. $4 and 8, are shape factors d,, d, and d, are depth factors and ig fg and f, are inclination factors ‘According to Terzaghi’ criterion shallow foundation is the one which is laid at a depth equal to or less than its width Net Utimate bearing capacity of soil as per Terzagh's equation is given by, Gnas = ON, + YOKN, ~ 1) + O.SBYN, For clay soi: N, = 0 and N, = 1 2 Ga = ON Split spoon samples are disturbed samples and is used to collect samples of cohesionless soils from the bore hole. Ultimate bearing capacity at ground surface as per Terzaghis formula is = g, = CN,, For Rough strip footing on ground surface an N= [F+1) = 5.7. For smooth footing as per prandtl N, = x +2 = 5.14 The standard penetration number is equal to the ‘number of blows required for 300 mm penetration of sample beyond a seating drive of 150 mm. The net ultimate bearing capacity of a clay soil ny = Ng, which is independent of depth. Scanned with CamScanner Weight of ha Height of fai minute mmer in SPT = 63.5 kg = 75 cm at the rate 30 blows per o 2 150 kNim? £ Foundation Net loading Gross loading = 150 + 4 x 20 = 230 kNim. For strip footing on clay, Fou = CN, for circular footing on clay, nu = 1.3 CN, > CN, The net allowable bearing pressure is the net bearing pressure which can be used for the design of foundations. As the requirements for the design of foundation: are that there should be no shearing failure and more over the settlements should also be within the limits, the allowable bearing pressure is the smaller of the net safe bearing capacity (q,,) and the net safe settlement pressure (Qyp)- Thus. Gna = nsf np > ne Gna = In it Ops > Ip { For clayey soils, S 5 1000 SB 7 7 30 Bearing capacity, (B dun = ONG + ANG + Ny For permissible settlement other than 25 Om, a 8! 8 15x42 = 24 ume gq -9%5 25 special type of bo creamed pile is @ on fa is provided with a bulb/pedestal at j,. be Treusvalsizgotsuchpiesare 18010200 mg Giamoter, 3 to 4m long. The diameter of yx reamed portion is usually 2 10 3 times the 4. diameter. ‘The load carried by skin-friction only eaxcxPxl 08 x 5x 03x 4x 10 = 48 kN ae For clay deposits ultimate load of piles giventy Q,= ON, Ap + aA, 0 eNA, accounts for end bearing while azA, accounts for frictional resistance. Ea Resistance load due to skin friction = aZA, A, is surface area of pile over which skin friction acts = nD x L = nLD Ea Static formula gives the ultimate capacity of a) individual pile Hileys formula and Engineering news formulazé dynamic formula to calculate the load-carrying capacity of a driven pile In Cyclic loading test an incremental load ® repeatedly applied and removed to separate sin friction and end bearing of a pile. The settlement of a group of piles in more than the settlement of a single pile even when theload on the single pile and the load on each pie Scanned with CamScanner noe ERS the pile GTOUP are same. This ig fact thatthe zone of influence of much deeper than that of a sin, because of the & pile group is ‘gle pile. When the soil layer surrounding a portion of pile shaft settles more than the pile, adouns drag Occurs on the pile. The drag is ‘noun es negative skin friction, bad Negative skin fiction develops when a soft loose soil surrounding the pile settes after ih : pilehas been installed. The negative skin a occurs in the soil zone which moves downward relative to the pile the negative friction imposes and extra downward load on the pile ae Friction piles: These piles transfer the load through skin friction between the embedded surface ofthe pile and the surrounding soil Friction piles are used when a hard stratum does not exist at a reasonable depth. Batter pile: of raking pile carries lateral load e.g sheet pile Tension piles: These piles are in tension These piles are used to anchor down structures subjected to hydrostatic uplit forces or overturning forces. Compaction piles: These piles are driven into loose granular soils to increase the lative density. The bearing capacity of the soil is increased due to densification caused by vibrations. ‘Allowable load as per Engineering news formula with a factor of safety of 6 (Wong 1(e2satr2xctones) Um) -4 1.25+0.254 = 299.2 KN = 300 kN Cor steam hammer = 0.254 em W = weight of hammer (kN) +h = height of fall (cm) = Penetration of pile per hammer flow (cm) Soil samples obtained from auger borings and ‘wash borings are non representative samples. Non tepresentative samples consist of mixture of materials from various soil or rock strata or are samples from which some mineral constituents have been lost or got mixed up. 1236 (0) Recovery ratio is defined as, ‘Actual length of sare in the tube Total length of the sampling tube driven ‘below the bottom of the bore hole 525 R= 22 -o875

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