Islington College

MA4001Nl

Logic and Problem Solving

24-hour assessment (50% Weighted)

Submitted By: Submitted To:

Name of the student London Met ID Mr. Ashok Dhungana

Module Leader, IT Faculty
Kishor gurung 19031065

Date: 31st august 2020

 Problem no 1
a.

The tax for income £85,000 is £13,750 annually and £1145.8333 per month. In the income
tax bracket, it shows the range of 1st, 2nd and 3rd tax slab. Then remaining taxable amount
is £35000. The remaining monthly and yearly salary after paying tax is £5937.5 and
£71250 respectively.

b.

c.

d.

e.
Problem no 2
B
Decision Variable:

Let x, y and z be the find minimum days for operating plant in order to fill the total demand and minimize the total cost
of production.

Objective Function:

Here, Total days minimization = (550 x X+600 x Y+600 x Z)

Let Minimize, Z=550x+600y+600z

Linear Constraints:

8x + 6y + 12z >= 3000

4x + 6y + 4z >= 1720

8x + 3y + 8z >= 2495

x, y, z ≥ 0 (Non negative Constraints)

Simplex Table

Let S1,S2,S3 ,A1, A2 and A3 be surplus variable and artificial variables.

8x + 6y + 12z –S1+ A1 = 3000

4x + 6y + 4z –S2+ A2 = 1720

8x + 3y + 8z –S3+ A3 = 2495

x, y, z, S1,S2,S3,A1, A2, A3 ≥ 0

Standard Equation for Simplex Table

R0: 1z - 550x - 600y - 600z + 0S1 + 0S2 + 0S3– 1000A1 – 1000A2 – 1000A3 = 0

R1: 0z + 8x + 6y + 12z - 1S1 + 0S2 + 0S3 + 1A1 + 0A2 + 0A3 = 3000

R2: 0z + 4x + 6y + 4z + 0S1 - 1S2 + 0S3 + 0A1 + 1A2 + 0A3= 1720

R3: 0z + 8x + 3y + 8z + 0S1 + 0S2 -1S3 + 0A1 + 0A2 + 1A3= 2495

Simplex Table 1:

Simplex Table 2:

Simplex Table 3:

Simple Table 4:

Simplex Table 5:
so, all the values of R0 is greater than or equal to zero and the value of objective function is not considered. Hence,
this is the optimal. The optimal solution has been determined to be at the Z=215250, x=225, y=105 and z=47.5.

B
Decision Variable:
Let x and y packets of food P and Q a dietitian should develop for a special diet in order to minimize the vitamin A in
diet and meet the requirements.

Objective Function:

Total vitamin unit = 6x + 3y

Let, V = 6x + 3y

Minimize V = 6x + 3y

Constraints:

12x + 3y ≥ 240

4x + 20y ≥ 460

6x + 4y <= 300

x, y ≥ 0

b) Graphical Solution

For Graphical solution:

Changing the inequalities to equalities

12x + 3y = 240 ……...equation 1

4x + 20y = 460 ………equation 2

6x + 4y = 300 ………..equation 3
For equation 1

x 0 20

y 80 0

Equation 1 passes through (0, 80) and (20, 0)

Origin test:

12x + 3y ≥ 240

Put x= 0 and y=0 then we get 0 ≥240 which is false.

So, equation doesn’t lies inside feasible region.

Equation 2

x 0 115

y 23 0

Equation 1 passes through (0, 23) and (115, 0)

Origin test:

4x + 20y ≥ 460

Put x= 0 and y=0 then we get 0 ≥460 which is false.

So, equation doesn’t lies in feasible region.

Equation 3

x 50 0

y 0 75

Equation 1 passes through (50, 0) and (0, 10)

Origin test:

6x + 4y <= 300

Put x= 0 and y=0 then we get 0 <=300 which is true.

So, equation lies in feasible region.

From graph (2, 72), (15, 20) and (40, 15) are the corners of feasible region.

Vertex x y V = 6x + 3y

A(2,72) 2 72 228

B(15,20) 15 20 150(Minimum)

C(40,15) 40 15 285

So, the minimum value of V is at vertex (15, 20) .so, food P must be brought 15 packets and food Q must be brought
20 packet to minimize the amount of vitamin A in the diet and meet the requirements.

The minimum amount of vitamin A is 150.

Number A

cost of each bike =£ 40

fixed costs = £5000

Price function P(x) = 300 – 2x

revenue function R(x) =?

cost function C(x) =?

Breakeven points =?

Let x be the unit of bike manufactured and sold.

Total cost, C(x) = 40x + 5000………..eqn 1

So, R(x) = P(x)x

i.e. R(x) = (300-2x)x = 300x – 2 x^2………..eqn 2

WE KNOW cost and revenue are equal at break-even point,

R(x) = C(x)

300x – 2 x^2 = 40x + 5000

300x – 2 x^2 - 40x – 5000 = 0

-2x^2 + 260x – 5000…………eqn 3

Comparing eqn 3 with general quadratic formula, we get.

ax 2 + by + c = 0

a = -2 b = 260 c = -5000

Using quadratic equation formula to get value of x

−260 ± √2602 − 4(−2)(−5000)

x=
2(−2)

−260 ± √2602 − 40000

x=
−4

−260 ± √67600 − 40000

x=
−4
−260 ± √27600
x=
−4
−260 ± 166.13
x=
−4

Taking Positive Sign we get,

−260 + 166.13
x=
−4

−93.87
x=
−4

x = 23.4675

Taking Negative Sign we get,

−260 − 166.13
x=
−4
 −426.13
x=
−4

x = 106.5325

Company’s revenue function R(x) = 300x − 2x 2

Company’s cost function C(x) = 40x + 5000

So, the value of x is 23 or 106 approximately.

The line of C(X) =40x+5000 and R(X) =300x-2x^2 intersects at the points (23.467,5938.675) and
(106.533,9261.325) which determines the breakeven points of the company. the first breakeven point is
when total 23 bikes are manufactured and sold whereas the other breakeven point is when total 106 bikes
are manufactured and sold.

Number C

Profit = Revenue + Cost

Profit = R(x) – C(x)

Or, 300x – 2 x^2 - 40x – 5000

Or, -2x^2 + 260x – 5000

Comparing above equation with general quadratic formula, we get.

ax 2 + by + c = 0

a = -2 b = 260 c = -5000

b2
y= c−
4a

2602
y = −5000 −
4(−2)

67600
y = −5000 −
−8

y = −5000 − (−8450)

y = −5000 + 8450

y = 3450

i) Maximum profit is 3450.

 −b
x=
2a

−260
x=
2(−2)

−260
x=
−4

x = 65

ii) Level production that maximize profit is 65.