Case 4: Mr.

Mr. X is a graduating student. He is aware that he has an exam in Math the following day. Yet he
plans to do the usual: partying all night long with his friends. Mr. X is a born partygoer; he never liked
the idea of studying. He is also born cheat, surviving all the difficult examinations by cheating.

“We don’t need to review! Look bro, I’m about to graduate without having to study anything
since first year!” he boasted to his friends when they told him that they need to prepare for their math
exam. True to his words, Mr. X didn’t review even if his friends did. He instead prepared a kodigo.
“Cheating is bad if you’re caught,” that is, if my teacher can catch me.” The following day his class took
them exam. And he did as expected. His kodigo approaching him from the back. Mr. X was caught
cheating. “Sir, I’m not cheating, I’m just reading my notes,” the teary-eyed Mr. X would later explain.

Questions:

1. Is Mr. X guilty of cheating? Why or why not? Explain your answer.

2. What is the aggravating circumstance of Mr. X’s act that will increase his moral culpability?