Magnetic Particle Questions & / I, land Ill Questions S The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.Copyright © 2010 by The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, lnc. (ASNT) is not responsible for the authenticity or accuracy of information herein, Published opinions and statements do not necessarily reflect the ‘opinion of ASNT. Products or services that are advertised or mentioned do nat carry the enclorsement, or recommendation of ASNT. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by means electronic or ‘machanical including photocopying, recording, oF otherwise, without the expressed prior written permission of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. IRRSP, NDT Handbook, The NDT Technician and wwwasnt org ara trademarks of The American Society for Nondestructive Tosting, inc. ACCP, ASNT, Level Ii! Study Guide, Materials Evaluation, Nondostructive Testing Handbook, Research in Nondestructive Evaluation and RNDE and are registered trademarks of ‘The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, inc first printing 07/87 second printing 03/88 third printing 04/88 fourth printing 02/89 fife printing 04/80 sixth printing 05/92 ‘seventh printing with revisions 05/94 eighth printing 10/96 ninth printing 44/98 410th printing 07/03 “Lat printing 03/08 ‘Second edition first printing 03/07 second printing with revisions 03/10 ‘thied printing with cevisions 08/10 Errata if available for this printing may be obtained from ASNT's Web site, wwwasntorg, ANAS: 97B-4-S7117-206-4 Printed in the United States of Amevica Published by: The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, inc. 4741 Anlingote Lane Columbus, OF 43228-0518 wawasntong Edited by: Oynthia M. Leeman, Educational Materials Supervisor Assisted by: Bob Conklin, Educational Materials Editor Tim Jones, Senior Menager of Publications ASNT Mission Statement ASNT exists to create a safer world by promating the profession and technologies of nondestructive sting.® Contents Acknowledgments Recommended References Reference Usage Level I Questions Level Il Questions Level IIf Questions vi it 23iv Acknowledgments ASNT thanks the following individuals for their input in updating the references for this edition: Charles W. Eick - Horizon NDT Services, LLC David G. Moore - Sandia National LaboratoriesRecommended References Magnetic Particle Testing Method The following references were used in formulating the questions contained in this book, A Botz, Carl E. Frinciplos of Maginetic Particle Testing. Chicago, IL: Magnaflux Corporation (2000), B.* Magnetic Particle Testing Classroom Training Book. Columbus, OH: The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. (2004). ©.* Moore, David G., tech. ed., and Patrick 0. Moore, ed. Nondestructive Testing Handbook, third edition: Volume 8, Magnetic Testing, Columbus, OH: The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. (2008). D.* Eick, Chuck W, Level if Study Guide: Magnetic Particle Testing Method, second edition, Columbus, OH: The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, inc. (2003). E.* Fenton, John D. ASNT Lever Ili Study Guide: Magnetic Particle Testing Method, second edition, Columbus, OH: The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, inc. (2006). * Available from The American Sosiety for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. The following reference is frequently cited in contracts and may be a useful study aid. There are no questions in this book that refer to this reference. F. ASTM E 1444, Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination, West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. Current edition, Each question found in this book is followed by letteris) and page number(s) indicating the specific recommended reference(s) where the answer may be found. For example: 27. A metal that is difficult to magnatize is said to have: a. high permeability b. tow permeability . low coercive force 4d. low retentivity ee In this example, the letter “C” refers to Reference C in the list above and 56 Is the specific page in Reference C where the answer to the question is located.vi Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Magnetic Particle Testing Method Reference Usage Reference A: Total = 64 Reference D: Total= 7 Level | 10 Level 1 4 Level it 34 Level tt 3 Level il 23 Level ° Reference B: Total= 3 Reference E: Total = 23 Level I 3 Level | 414 Level i 0 Levelt 6 Level it 0 Level i 3 Reference C: Total =161 Level | 75 Level tt 468 Level il 40Level | Questions ~ Magnetic Particle Testing Method 2 ® Level | Questions Magnetic Particle Testing Method Magnetic particle isa nondestructive 5, Magnetic particles are available in testing method used for: different colors: a. locating surface and near-surface 4. for color contrast with the part discontinuities in aluminum surface thereby enhancing detection b, locating surface and near-surface of indications discontinuities in steel b, to enhance the detection of . finding and measuring material indications by allowing background separation color matching. 4. measuring fx density . to determine if an indication is oz surface or subsurface 4. to indicate different magnetic flux 2, Ferromagnetic material is: values oso a. strongly attracted by a magnet b. not highly saturated by magnetic 6. Which of the following can be fields magnetized? @ sears prmetitiy measurement 2. iron a. not capable of being magnetized b. copper 380; 63 c. aluminum magnesium 3. The permeability of a material describes: as a. the ease with which it can be 7. The magnetic field is strongest when ‘magnetized ’. the depth of the magnetic field in the 4a. the magnetizing voltage is flowing part b. the magnetizing current is flowing . the length of time required to . the material exhibits high coercive demagnetize it forces the ability to retain the magnetic field the magnetizing current isnot flowing 6.885; £6 esa 4, The retentivity of a material describes: 8. Ifacrack exists in a circular magnet, the attraction of magnetic particles to the a. the ease with which it can be crack is caused by: magnetized b. the depth of the magnetic field in the a. a coercive force part b. aleakage field . the length of time required to ©. aDoppler effect demagnetize it da high reluctance at the erack . the ability to retain the magnetic field cao ®@ caer ed we & © & mw «e & oF2 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-IC-1A (Q&A Book): Magnetic Particle Testing Method 8. ‘The unit usually used to denote flux 14, The magnitude of the residual magnetic density is: field in a specimen is dependent on: a. tesla a. the length-to-diameter ratio (L/D) b, henry b. the strength of the applied «fared magnetizing force dd. ampere . the right-hand rule 54 d. the left-hand rule cst 10. Which statement is true when related to magnetic lines of force? 15. The proper number of ampere-turns for s given test specimen being examined by a. they are ofien forced to cross due to longitudinal magnetism is determined by: part geometry b. they are most dense atthe poles of 4. its length and diameter magnet b. the material ¢. they seek the path of most resistance the diameter and the material d. they cannot be detected . its diameter oad Ass2 11. Magnetic flux lines that are parallel toa 16, A circular field may be induced into a discontinuity produce: specimen by: a. strong indications a. placing the partin an energized coil b. weak indications ', passing current directly through the © no indications part . fuzzy indications ¢. passing a magnetic field through the cas part placing the pastin a north-south 12. A part is adaptable to magnetic particle orientation inspection if cso 4. it is attached to an electrostatic field 17, _An electrical yoke produces . the material is ferromagnetic ©. the material is nonferrous a. alongitudinal field the material isan electric conductor b. acircular field cas ©. alternating fields a. a swinging field 13. What rule describes the direction of cs e27 current flow (+ to -) when lines of magnetic force surround a conductor? 18, An energized coil around the part produces: a. left-hand rule b. right-hand rule a. acircular field c. flux rule b. alongitucinal field . reluctance rule an intermittent field 50 d. afield dependent on the type of current applied cote a a a ) ® ®Level | Questions ~ Magnetic Particle Testing Method 3 19, Inlongitudinal magnetization the proper 23. Which of the following is an advantage of, term for calculating magnetizing force is: magnetic particle testing over penetrant testing? a. amperes b. ampere-turns a. it does not require post-cleaning of c. watts the part . ohms b, itrequires direct access tothe surface Aas of the part . itean detect near-surface 20, Magnetic lines of force: discontinuities 4. it requires a shorter dwell time to a. travel in straight lines produce results b, forma closed loop Ags c. are randomly oriented . overlay in highly ferromagnetic 24. The amount of amperage used for materials ‘magnetic particle inspection using the cag ee prod method is determined from the: 21, Amagnetic particle buildup from a a. type of material discontinuity is strongest when the b. distance between the prods discontinuity is oriented: <. diameter ofthe part total length of the part a. 180 degrees to the magnetic ux flow cats, b. 45 degrees to the magnetic flux flow 90 degrees to the magnetic flux flow 25, The flux within and surrounding a 4. 90 degrees to the current flow magnetized part or around a conductor 22. Aspecimen may be demagnetized by athe saturation point which of the folloxing methods? ‘b. amagnetic field the ferromagnetic field 2. heat creatment below the eurie the paramagnetic fiekd temperature oat? b. placing the part in an alternating current coil 26, The areas on a magnetized part from . placing the part in reversing and shich the magnetic field is leaving or decreasing direct current fields returning into the part are called: 4. applyinga direct current yoke and removing it from the part a. salient points A686: E.54 b. defects & magnetic poles d. nodes cae 29, A.metal thatis difficult to magnetize is said to have: high permeability low permeability low coercive force @ canes a 92 SeSCHESC(C‘itaRCSC“iéit SCSSupplement to Recommended Practice SNI-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Magnetic Particle Testing Method 28, The magnetism thet remains in a piece of 33. Inspecting a part by magnetizing, magnetizable material after the removing the current flow, then applying magnetizing force has been removed is the mediam is called the: called the: continuous method a. tramp magnetism b. wet method b. residual magnetism ©. residual method ©. damped magnetism a. dry method i. permanent magnetism cea cea M. Which of the following isthe most 29, Subsurface discontinuity indications effective method for the detection of usually appear: near-surface defects? a. sharp and distinet a. dry residual method using DC with, . sharp and wide surge ©. wide and fuzzy . wet continuous method using high and loosely held half-wave rectified current Das wet residual method. 4. dry continuous method using 30. Which residual field is most difficult to half-wave rectified current with prods cemagnetize? oat? 4. longitudinal 35. A curve is sometimes drawn to show b. circular graphically the relation of the © vector magnetizing force to the strength of the 4. binodal ‘magnetic field produced in a certain o2e1 ‘matetial, This curve is kmovn as the: 31. Which magnetic particle application a magnetic force curve technique is the mast sensitive? b. hysteresis curve © saturation curve continuous 4. induction curve b. residual o5ae6 © interrupted 4. counter-current 36, What mnethod of applying particles cos provides greater sensitivity in locating subsurface weld discontinuities? 32. Fluorescent magnetic particle indications should be inspected under: a. continuous b. residual a. any light ©. circular b. aneon light 4. longitudinal ©. an ultraviolet light e180 4d. a fluorescent light coxes mE GE PHEOCE:OCRE:C*C*UTE:*C*COESC SCRELevel { Questions - Magnetic Particle Testing Method § 9 37. When magnetizing a weld in two 41, The point at which the magnetism in a directions, and if the current used in the matetialeannot be increased even though first direction is 750 A and the curcentin the magnetizing force continues to the second ditecton is 400 A, which of increase is known a thé the following is true? a salient pole a. the part should be checked to see if b saturation point demagnetization between operations «residual point isnecessary &. remnant point b, no precautions should be taken before oss the second operation this nota valid technique 42, Which type of current produces a skin @. there isno need to magnetizea weld effect on the surface of the part? into directions cae a. alternating current direct current 38. When theres absolutely no pattern or half-wave rectified distribution of magnetic patices on the 4. fullowave rectified part, the possible cause is that esnes a. the amperage setting s too high 43. When using the wet method, why should by the amperage seting is too low a high velocity How of wet method bath . the particle bath etength is too high over surfaces following removal ofthe 4. the partis made of tel with high magnetizing current not be used? retentvity en ast a. tay wash away afine or weakly os held indication ee 39. Whatare three causes of nonrelevant b this is nota problem indications? it may splash particles into eyes none ofthe above i correct a. tack of fusion, change of scetion p23 thickness, grinding cracks b. change of section thickness, heat 44, Residual magnetic particle inspection affected zones, died hole near may be used when surface c. very high amperage, drilled hole near a. parts ae irregular in shape sarface, blowholes b. parts are highly retentive 4. drilled hole near surface, very high © parts ace highly stressed amperage, lack of fasion 4. evaluating continuous method car indications cea 40, Using the residual test method, a number of parts are magnetized and laid ona rack 45, Magnetic particle inspection is not prior to application of magnetic particles reliable method of detecting ‘Why ist important that they do not rub or touch each other? a. laps by, deep internal cavities a. theres a possible loss ofthe magnetic cracks fidd 4. seams b. it may cause magnetic writing cas €. inmay damage the part ‘ @ d. itmakes parts hard to handle cour a aSupplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TO-14 (Q&A Book): Magnetic Particle Testing Method 46. 4”. 48. 49. ‘The wet fluorescent magnetic particle 51 inspection method isthe same as the visible wet magnetic pacticle method except that the fluorescent magnetic particle inspection method requires: an ultraviolet light ahigher current different machine alternating current 62 52, ‘A discontinuity open to the surface produces an indication which is: sharp and distinct ‘wide and indefinite crisscrossed | high and fuzzy aoePe 035;62 Which of the following will produce 53. circular magnetism? 4. passing current through a coil b,-placing the-test part-in-asolenoid—— yokes 4. passing current through prods pan ‘When using the wet continuous method, 54, the flow of suspension from the hose should be shut off: a. immediately after applying the current b. immediately before applying the current while the current is flowing 4. 30 seconds before applying the current 55, B52 ‘The strongest magnetic field in a coil is at the: outside edge inside edge center end ‘To detect lengthwise discontinuities on the inside diameter of hellow parts, you should: pass current through it b._magnetize with a coil © pass current through a central conductor increase the amperage used e120 ‘What equipment is used to determine if a part has been demagnetized? magnet on the part a field indicator a survey meter careful observation for clinging ‘magnetic particles epee 0289 Which of the following is most often used for dry magnetic particle inspection? a. fall cycle direct current -b--half-wave direct current ©. high voltage, low amperage current . direct current from electrolytic cells csv ‘An electric current through a copper a. creates a magnetic field around the wite bb. creates magnetic poles inthe wire & magnetizes the wire i. does not create a magnetic field o50 Parts should be cleaned after a. toensure that the magnetic particles are removed b. to prevent false indications ©. to save the solids of the suspension 4. to prevent cracking dring heat treatment qos a6y) PY eLy eaeLevel ! Questions - Magnetic Particle Testing Method In circular magnetization, the 61, When a magnetic field is induced in a ‘magnetizing force is expressed in part with prods spaced 152.mm (6 in.) amperes. What term is used to express apart, the field is: ‘magnetizing foree in longitudinal magnetization? a. solenoidal b. circular a. amperes ©. longitudinal », ampere-turns 4. distorted trapezoidal consequent poles oss 4. volts 018 62. Applying the theory of the right-hand rule,a longitudinal surface defect in a 57. A longitudinal surface crack in @ round bar is detected by “current passing circularly magnetized part will cause: ina direction parallel to the ditection of expected defects” because: a. the magnetic field to die out , adecrease in permeability a. the current direction is in line with ©. amagnetic leakage Feld the defect 4, acurrent to flow b. the magnetic field is at right angles to cao the defect ¢. it makes no difference 58. Inamagnetic particle test, assuming that 4. the magnetic field is parallel to the all ofthe following are in the same relative defect position in a small part, which would be oso the hardest to detect? 68. Ifa current is passed through an clectrical 2. a surface crack conductor, what will surround the . ancar-surface crack conductor? & ascrateh @, aseam a. eddy current field nen b. current magnetic field 59, if wet magnetic particle suspension is not residual field toniform, then: 50 a. the strength of an indication may 64. With current flowing from + to ~ ina vary, and the interpretation of the coil, a longitudinal field is created. Which indication may be erroneous of the following may be used to establish b. the magnetic flux would not be the direction of the magnetic field? ‘uniform €. greater mobility would be required a. left-hand rule 4d. the part cannot be magnetized . right-hand rule Aes ©. Ohms law 4. Newton’ law 60. Which of the following currents will best 50 define surface cracks? a. half-wave rectified alternating current b. direct current ¢. alternating current surge current A2a2 wo 9 azo mo 809 eS8 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-IC-1A (Q&A Book): Magnetic Particle Testing Method 65, When magnetic material is placed into a 70. _A major factor that determines the coil, the magnetic lines of fux concentrate success of magnetic particle inspection is themnselves in the material and: the: create a longitudinal magnetic field a. field strength b, create a circular magnetic field b. voltage on magnetizing coil ©. create a longitudinal circular field ©. current through the coil have no effect . time of magnetization cot casea 66, Which form of magnetization is easiest to 71, What type of currents best suited to detect in most parts? detect surface discontinuities? a. longitudinal magnetization a. direct current b. permanent magnetism b. alternating current © eircular magnetization &. pulsating direct current <4. parallel magnetization half wave 280 os? 67. The best type of magnetic field to use to. 72. When preparing a magnetic particle bath, inspect a tubular product for surface it is important to have the bath strength at Gefects along its Iength is : 1 proper level, a too many particles can result in: a. longitudinal field . circular field a. lowering the test amperage ¢. swinging field b. having to increase the magnetizing 4. yoke magnetization current on ‘masking the indications none of the above 68, The area of maximum induced field 88 strength using a yoke is: 73. One advantage of using fluorescent fat the north pole of the yoke particles is . at the south pole of the yoke . the area directly between the poles a. that less equipment is required 4. on the outside of pole pieces b. the high speed of inspection oss c. the cost 4. that they are more readily attracted 69, ‘The strength of the magnetic field thon other particles induced in a partis often referred to as: azrs276 current density 74. When using dry magnetic particle b. voltage powder, the proper way to apply it to the ©. flux density partis to: d. retenti ca, 388 a. forcibly apply it with sir b. roll the material in the container of powder ©. apply it from the bottonr of the past float the particles to the inspection surface as gently as possible cast Pr «EL~«OeL:SCTLSC<“C«éa SCC.Level | Questions ~ Magnetic Particle Testing Method ‘When using wet particles in water 79, Resistance to demagnetization: suspension, wetting agents are added to: is greater in hard materials than soft a. prevent freezing, materials b._ prevent corrosion of inspection D. is greater in soft materials than hard equipment materials ‘censure the proper wetting of the part ¢. isthe same for both hard and soft dL. decrease the amount of water needed materials e486 4. isnonexistent e282 76. When preparing an inspection bath, the amount of magnetic particles per gallon 80, Demagnetization: of fluid is called its: a. may be easy of difficult depending on a. measuring scale the type of material bh. particle number bo, iseasy for materials having a high ©. strength or concentration coatcive force i usable limits is always most difficult in materials ca88 retaining a high residual field 4. all of the above answers are correct 77. Coercive force 0.282 a. describes the means by which the 81, The strength of the wet suspension magnetic particles are suspended in should be maintained at a given level the liquid when using the wet method because: b. describes the magnetizing force used with the continuous method a. alow level may give weak indications represents the reverse magnetizing bb. ahigh level may give heavy force necessary to remove the resideal background magnetism in a material both A and B a. is not a term used in magnetic none of the above particle testing 188 co 82. Indications such as those at local external 78, Demagnetization: poles, sharp fillets or thread roots are called a. may be accomplished by heating a ‘material above its curie point a. fake indications b. is always necessary b. relevant indications c. canbe performed only with ©. nonrelevant indications alternating current d. magnetic writing indications 4. can be performed only with direct er16217 current ©.278:66 83. Magnetic particle testing will reveal discontinuities in which one of the following materials? a. bronze b. carbon steel ¢. aluminum castings dd. austenitic stainless steel ca ee oe oe ORCGLSSCRLSCLESCSC(SL10 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Magnetic Particle Testing Method 84, Magnetic particle testing is 2 88. Nonrelevant indications can be caused by nondestructive testing method for the following, except: detecting discontinuities in magnetizable ‘material. This method can detect: a. excessive magnetizing current b. inadequate magnetizing current a. surface discontinuities only «. structural design of the test specimen b. subsurface discontinuities only variance of permeability within the . surface and near-surface test specimen discontinuities oot6217 discontinuities at surface and subsurface of any depth 89. A material with magnetic permeability cae, 49 less than 1 is known as 85. Which of the following statements is true a. diamagnetic of magnetic particle testing? b. paramagnetic ©. ferromagnetic 2, itcannot be utilized to inspect 4, panamagnetic through coatings cas, . itcan be applied only to detect surface defects 90. A small device, generally a metal strip ot ¢. itcan be applied only to detect disk, containing an artifical discontinuity subsurface defects used to determine when the correct 4. itcan be applied to detect surface and magnetizing condition or magnetic field near-surface direction has been achieved is: ferromagnetic material A6568: 05 a. an ohmmeter 'b. a gauss meter 86. Which one of following magnetic a'flox indicator particles will be most sensitive to small da field indicator surface discontinuities such as fatigue 345,388 cracks? 91. ‘The direction of magnetic line of force is a. dry powder degrees from the direction of b. fluorescent patticle current flow. c. visible particle using oil as carrier (vehicle) a 45 4. visible par b. 90 (vehicle) © 180 0.222 4, 220 50 87. Magnetic particles should have the: 8. highest possible retentivity b. lowest possible permeability . highest possible permeability d. highest possible permeability and lowest possible retentivity 60 a a a0 Level I Questions - Magnetic Particle Testing Method 4. Level Il Questions Magnetic Particle Testing Method 1. Theinterpretation of magnetic particle 4 indications may be aided by: a. observing with a magnifying glass b. reproducing the indication after demagnetization ©. observing the indications after the part is pre-cleaned 4. observing the indications after the patt is post-cleaned 218 2. Residual magnetism may be beneficial as 5. an aid: a. in demagnetization b. improper heat treating in the deposition of weld metal din interpretation and evaluation of indications A397 3. Aninterruption in the normal physical structure or configuration of a part which produces a magnetic particle testing indication is called a defect an indication deformation discontinuity an cai82i7 ‘Comparing parts that have been circularly magnetized and those that have been longitudinally magnetized, which retain the most objectionable residual field if not demagnetized? a, circular b. vectored © remnant 4. longitudinal asta What type of magnetization uses the formula: Ampere-turns = 45 000/(L/D}? circular parallel vectored longitudinal Asa2; £418 Why are large soft contact pads such as lead or copper braid used for surfaces or headstockst 4. to increase the contact area and reduce the possibility of burning the part b. because they help heat metal, thus facilitating magnetic induetion . to increase the contact area and flux density d. because of their low melting points a2 = Spy pe Pe oF42 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNF-IC-1A (Q&A Book): Magnetic Particle Testing Method 7. A rough forging that has received no 11, When testing for fine shallow surface further processing is magnetic particle cracks, the preferred magnetic particle tested. An indication is observed to run test method should be: in every direction and appears to extend deeply into the part and perpendicular to a. dry alternating current the surface. It is very sharp, What is the b. dry direct current probable identity of the indication? wet alternating current i. wet direct current a forging burst onr.63 b. flake © seam 12, Which of the following is an advantage of d. lap the dry method over the wet method? A586 a. itis mote sensitive to fine surface 8. A gear with case-hardened ground teeth cracks and hub ends is magnetic particle tested. b. itis easier to use for fcld inspection Individual indications are detected on with portable equipment five teeth and one end surface of the hub: its faster than the wet method when ‘The indications do not break over the testing a number of small parts part edges. What isthe probable identity . itis more capable of providing full of the indication? surface coverage on irregularly shaped parts a. grinding cracks cos b. quench cracks ©. inclusions 13, When testing a bar with a length-to- &. porosity Giameter ratio of 4in a 10-turn coil, the Asean required current would be: 9. [fan overall pattern (sometimes circular a. 450004 lines) appears on the test surfaces, how b. 18.0008 should the inspector reprocess the test © 1254 piece? 4. unknown; more information is needed a. demagnetize the piece A208 b. retest ata higher amperage ©. retest at lower amperage 14, Internal splines and holes drilled parallel 4. part isnot testable to, or near, test surfaces will cause: Ase a. sharp, well-defined indications 10. A prime consideration when selecting a directly aligned with the parts powder to be used as a magnetic particle internal contours medium isto select a powder that: b, broad, fuzzy indications directly aligned with the pert’s internal a. will adhere to the surface being tested contours . provides a low contrast to the surface ©. distinct indications not aligned with being tested any internal contours . provides a high contrast to the surface 4 no indications being tested c2i6217 4. requires a high demagnetization current to remove it c.8o wr SET ETT @Level Il Questions ~ Magnetic Particle Testing Method 43. A limitation of coil magnetization 19, Which of the following wave patterns depicts the wave form of three-phase fall-wave rectified alternating current? a. regardless of part size, the part cannot be painted css et4 b. the coil must be of maximum diameter in relation to the part a the effective field is generally limited on either side of the coil 4. small diameter parts must be placed ‘lose to the center ofthe coil Aas Current 16. Which of the following casting discontinuities is caused by nonuniform ! cooling resulting in stresses that rupture the surface of the metal? a. hot tears b. porosity dross 4d. shrinkagy ora 17. "The term used to refer to the total ‘opposition to flow of current represented Ocoee arrsance inductance and capacitance of a circuit is inductive reactance impedance reluctance decay aaza Current Time 18, A desirable property of magnetic particles used for either the dry or wet ‘method is that they: be toxic a+ . be nonferromagnetic b, possess high retentivity d Time possess high permeability care Current eer aE TOTO14 — Supplement to Recommended Practice SNF-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Magnetic Particle Testing Method 20. A380 ampere-turn coil shotis required 24 A rough forging discontincity as the 6 to be performed in a 5-turn coil after a following characteristics: can occur on head shot of 800 A using the wet surface or internally, is associated with continuous method. In order to properly low temperature processing, is often conduct the coil shot itis necessary to: ‘caused by excessive working and creates cavities varying in size. How would itbe a. demagnetize the part between the identified? head and first coil shot bb check the part for residual magnetism a. pipe witha field indicator b burst remove all residual wet magnetic shrinkage particle fluid from the part using lamination clean, dry absorbent rags ors 4. place the part in the coil and continue the inspection after evaluating the 25. Discontinuitis in plate, sheet or strip head shot indications caused by internal fissures, inclusions or A308 blowhales in the original ingot which, after rolling, are usually lat and parallel 21, When adding concentrate in paste form to the outside surface ae called: to any wet magnetic particle suspension liquid, itis common practice to: a laps seams a, add the paste directly to the cracks suspension liquid i laminations 'b, change the entire bath after car thoroughly cleaning the system make a small, shurry-like test mixture 26, Forging laps occur in what relation to the of paste and suspension and add axial direction of a part? directly to the bath 4, mix peste in a small container with a. they are always found on thermal suspension to the required bath centerline strength and add directly to the bath b. theyare found on the surface of a part A268 at a 90-degree angle to the long axis . they may occur enywhere in the part 22. Which of the following can cause and always run in the ditection of nonrelevant magnetic particle working indications? 4. they may occur anywhere on the surface and may bear no relation to ‘a, joints between dissimilar metals the axial direction of the part b, thread cracks Ags . seratches 4. bars 27, The accumulation of particles ata site on o26218 the part surface, collected at and held to the site by the magnetic leakage field, is 23, External poles which are too strong to called: permit good inspection of a part are ‘more likely to result when using: a. adefect b. an indication ‘a. longitudinal magnetization & adiscontinuity 'b, polarized magnetization magnetic writing residual magnetization oasie2 4. circular magnetization @ A382 re a a a a adLevel !! Questions - Magnetic Particle Testing Method 15 29. 30, 31 Where particles are attracted toasiteon 32, the surface of a part bya magnetic leakage field that is caused by a condition such as a crack, ap, or other condition not acceptable to the applicable standards for the part, then we have: a. adefect ban indication . adiscontinuity . anonrelevant indication oas 33 Half-wave rectified alternating current is used for detection of a. surface defects only b. subsurface defects only surface and subsurface defects when using dry particles 4. surface and subsurface defects when using wet particles caare45 34 Which of the following is an acceptable technique for removing a thin film of oil or grease prior to magnetic particle testing? a. wash with a solvent Db. degrease using a sand-blasting method ¢. brush the surface with power wire 35. brush 4. coat the surface with a thick layer of chalk and then wipe with cloth 4.246247 Which of the following is the most common current method used for preserving and documenting magnetic particle indications? digital photography 36. color-tinted tape color-tinted lacquer allo the above aanr-a12; 0248 ‘Yokes of solid stecl have been used for ‘many years to indicate transverse cracks. Alternating current yokes are assembled from laminated transformer sheet to reduce: a. thesize of the yoke b. production costs ©. the weight of the yoke d. eddy current losses oz Which one of the following is nat a discontinuity that can be produced by the forging process? - aps ». bursts flakes 4. shrinkage ere Which ofthe following isa discontinuity commonly associated with the welding process? a. flakes b. seams . laminations d. Jack of penetration cxe Which of these cracks may appear as an iregulas, checked or scattered pattern of fine lines usually caused by local overheating? a corrosion b. crater cracks © fatigue cracks 4. grinding cracks cre Of the following discontinuity categories, ‘which one is considered most detrimental to the service life of an item? subsurface inclusions cracks open to the surface subsurface porosity and voids 4.369:370 298 DoE ~PPEOCEECPCE CTE, P08 36z SB,16 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Magnetic Particle Testing Method 37, Ifa copper conductor isplaced through a 40. Ifa current of the same amperage is ferrous cylinder and a current is passed passed through two conductors of the through the conductor, then the magnetic same dimensions, one of which is field (flux density) in the cylinder will be: ‘magnetic and one of which is nonmagnetic, the magnetic field a. less than in the conductor distribution surrounding the conductors b. greater than in the conductor will: c. the same intensity and pattern as in the conductor a. vary with the permeability 4. the same regardless of its proximity to b. be the same for both conductors the cylinder wall be stronger for the magnetic Aave conductor 4. be stronger for the nonmagnetic 38. Thelength of a part being magnetized by conductor passing an electric current from one end AsB0 to the other: 41, The most effective magnetic particle test a. causes the magnetic field to vary ‘method for inspection of a lage casting b. affects the permeability of the part is using: &. changes the strength of the megnetic field 4 acentral conductor d, does not affect the strength of the b. direct magnetization magnetic field ©. multidirectional magnetization A186 d._ prod inspection in two directions Aso 39, 125 mm (1 in.) and 51 mmm (2 in) diameter bars of the same material were 42. ‘The most common failure mechanism ‘magnetized by passing the same current associated with inservice parts with sharp through them, the magnetic fields would fillets, notches, undercuts and seams is: be: a. shrinkage & the same forboth b. crystallization b. stronger in the $1 mm (2in.) ©. decarburization diameter bar d. fatigue cracking ©. weaker in the 25 mm (1 in.) diameter A403, 481.489 bar 4. stronger in the 25 mm (1 in.) 45, When itis believed that a discontinuity. diameter bar hras been removed by a grinding AaB operation, the next operation is to: a. repairit b. sign off inspection of the part measure it to see if minimum thickness remains d._ re-examine the area by magnetic particle testing 4.308.400 Per Peyoly = «OPOSESCBESSCLELevel I Questions ~ Magnetic Particle Testing Method 17 When the most complete demag- netization available is desired and demagnetization isto be accomplished by placing the part ina coil energized with AC of progressively decreasing amperage, the part should be placed so thet its principle axis is in a(n) ___ direction in relation to the Earth's axis. a. east-west b. north-east €. south-west north-south 4374 45, During a magnetic particle test, nonrelevant indications due to residual local poles are noted to be interfering with the magnetic particle testing, For a successful examination one should: use more amperage use lower amperage magnetize in another direction ‘demagnetize then remagnetize in the desired direction ener Aaa? 46. Cold working indications will not, reappear if the partis emagnetized then retested b. retested after stress relieving . retested in the opposite direction 4, remagnetized at a higher amperage 387-388 47. The unit of measure of one line of lux per square centimeter of area is one: 48, 9, 51 52. The ability of matter to atract ferromagnetic materials to itself is @ phenomenon associated with ‘magnetism field strength pole strength coercive force ae ge cae ‘Materials which are strongly attracted to a magnet are called: polarized magnetized nonmagnetic ferromagnetic cab: €3 ‘Materials which are weakly attracted ‘magnetically are called: diamagnetic nonmagnetic paramagnetic ferromagnetic cases ‘Materials which are repelled magnetically are called: diamagnetic b, nonmagnetic paramagnetic d. ferromagnetic cas, ‘The end of a magnet st which the lines of flux are thought of as entering the bar is the: a. ohm b. gauss a. north pole c. ampere b. south pole d, oersted ©. positive pole east negative pole oad as 81S 00S ~=—ney BY YOY PSY OP18 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (QBA Book): Magnetic Particle Testing Method 53, 54, 55. A general rule to use for determining the 57. detectability of surface discontinuities by ‘magnetic particle inspection is that: a. the depth and width have no bearing to each other b. the depth should be ata one-to-one ratio to the width «. the depth should be 20% of the material thickness 4. the depth should be atleast five times 58 the width of the opening of the discontinuity at the surface Aart ‘The general term used to refer to a break in the metallic continuity of the part being tested is: crack: ap oss ‘The pattern of iron powder sprinkled on ‘a paper placed over a bar magnet is called a. flux meter b. field survey 60. ‘magnetometer d._ magnetograph Aai9, 169 ‘The lines of force that form a path around a crack ina ring magnet are called: a. flux leakage b. field strength ©. magnetic ines 4, longitudinal file car discontinuity 59. Since the magnetic lines of force within a bar magnet run the length of the ber, itis said to be: randomly magnetized circularly magnetized permanently magnetized longitudinally magnetized car Lines of luc are thought to leave a magnet atthe: north pole south pole positive pole negative pole ao ee cad A break in the magnetic uniformity of a part that is called a magnetic discontinuity is related to a sudden change in: a. resistivity ». inductance ©. permeability a capacitance aaar In order to detect defects in different directions in a material by magnetic particle inspection, it is best to use: only one field ‘other probe locations a high-frequency field two or more fields in different directions cos poo (06S «BS pis ea PSGSePSSC ES.Level fl Questions - Magnetic Particle Testing Method as e 61, ‘The parts are blanks cut from rolled iron 65. The detection of deep-lying internal bar stock and have been rough machined. defects in heavy steel weldments at a Inspection by continuous method reveals depth of 6.35 mm (0.25 in.) to 51 mm distinct but broken lines parallel (2in.} below surface is: (6.35 mm to 25 mm [0.25 in. to1 in) with the axis on some of the pieces. These a. very improbable indications are indicative of b. very similar to the detection of surface cracks a. shrinkage simple if the defects width ean be b. nonmetallic inclusions approximated . surface checking 4. not difficult if the defect is . machining tears attributable to fine porosity 70, 299:300 26 62. A large forging is repaired by welding, 66. In magnetic particle inspection, its best Magnetic particle inspection of the repair to: ‘weld reveals a sharp irregular indication running parallel with the weld passes. Its make sure that parts meet specified located near the center of the bead and acceptance criteria starts and ends by turning off slightly b, reinspect all questionable from the axial direction. This indication discontinuities to ensure that no is indicative of: defective parts are accepted c. reinspect questionable parts utilizing a. inclusions another nondestructive test method D. crater ctacks 4. make certain that parts are better than c. surface checking specified and contain no weld shrinkage cracks discontinuities at al Aaa Ata, 406-407 63. The wattage most commonly used for 67, Subjecting a magnetized object to a mercury vepor bulbs for portable magnetic force that is continually fluorescent magnetic particle inspection reversing its direction and gradually is: decreasing in intensity is know as: a. 50 watts magnetization b. 75 watts b. continuous method & 100 watts residual method a. 200 watts d. demagnetization method. czar cars 64, Anexample of anonrelevant indication _68._Any of these welding processes is that would be classed as a magnetic susceptible to a discontinuity known as discontinuity rather than an actual slag inclusion except: discontinuity could be caused by: a. flux cored are welding a, corrosion b. submerged arc welding b. aslag pocket c. gastungsten are welding c. grinding cracks d. shielded metal arc welding 4. a known abrupt change in the cato hardness of the part cai ep plo 99 SOPDED PDA.20 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Magnetic Particle Testing Method 69. Which of the following induces a 74, Asa magnet, the Earth is surrounded by longitudinal magnetic field? ‘magnetic lines of force. These lines of force make up what is sometimes called a prod Earth field and they can cause problems b. yoke in both magnetizing and demagnetizing, head shot However Earth field is weak in the order d. internal conductor of 6.122, #59; £27 a. 0.03 mI (0.3 G) 70. Atthe curie point sted is temporarily b. 0.003 mi (0.03 G) transformed from: © 0.0008 mT (0.008 G) 4. 03 mf (3.06) paramagnetic to diamagnetic as, bb. ferromagnetic to diamagnetic paramagnetic to ferromagnetic 75. A hysteresis curve describes the relation ferromagnetic to paramagnetic between: e279 a. magnetizing force and flux density 71. Magnetic field strength is measured in: b. magnetizing force and applied current ¢. strength of magnetism and alignment a. teda of domains within material be gauss dd. magnetic flux density and current ©. webers/m? generated . ampece/meter 054, 302656 036 76. Demagnetization would most likely be 72. The following types of discontinuities required when: can be found in an object’s subsurface except: a. the material has low retentivity . the object isto be electric arc welded a. pipe ¢. the material has low reluctance b. hottears heat treatment isto be carried out «cold shut after testing segregation e279 ore 77. One of the disadvantages of half-wave 73, Which one of following materials has magnetization is that when permeability much greater than that of demagnetizing: a. the current has skin effect a. permeability material b. the current does not reverse b. diamagnetic material the current passes very deep ©. paramagnetic material 4. the current passes only on the surface d. ferromagnetic material 58 45:63 qt 91 = SLSCHL:SC«éEL:C“‘«‘émRLSCOC«iTL:CSC. at the outer surface ofthe cylinder 9. Magnetic particle inspection methods on at the inside surface of the cylinder ferromagnetic materials are recognized as halfway through the thickness of the superior to liquid penetrant techniques cylinder wall when: 50, 114.15 a. the surface is plated 14, When is the magnetic field strongest in b. the parts are painted an object being inspected by the ©. the sarface is anodized ‘magnetic particle method? dry particles are used for fine surface cracks a. while the magnetizing current is 368 applied b. just after the magnetizing current is 10. A paramagnetic material shut off c. when the magnetic particle powder is a. ishighly magnetic applied b. is slightly magnetic 4. just prior to current reversal when €. has no magnetic properties at all using alternating current d. has a demonstrated lack of electron 54, 118415 mobility GA4:£3 15. Which of the demagnetization methods listed below is most effective? IL, Which of the following will reduce a magnetic field? a. full-wave rectified b. half-wave rectified alternating current a move the direct current coil closer to ©. direct current with reversing and the part step-cown control b. reduce the current in only one 4. variable voltage alternating current irection with step-down control move the alternating current coil 287-288 farther avay from the part . move the part toward the inner surface of the coil 284268 ost ESCORTSLevel tll Questions ~ Magnetic Particle Testing Method 25 When using the longitudinal 20. magnetization method to inspect « bar 152 mm (6 in.) long and 51 mam (2 in.) in diameter with a 5-turn coil, which of the following amperage values should be used? a 12008 . 30004 © 120008 4. 2000 amp-turns Assiser ‘To examine a part 127 mm (S in.) long and 51 mm (2 in.) in diameter using a 5-turn coll and bead stock magnetic particle machine, what amperage should 21 be used for longitudinal magnetization? 30004. 3600.4, 45004, 10 000 ampere-turns pose adai162 ‘To examine a bar 381 mm (15 in.) long If the same amperage is passed through a 25 mmn (1 in.) diameter bar and a 51 mm (Zin.) diameter bar of the same length and material, the strength of the magnetic field atthe center of both bars will be 0 b, the25 mm (Lin. bar will be one-half that of the 51 mma (2 in.) bar the 5] mm (2in,) bar will be one-half that ofthe 25 mm (1 in.) bar 4. the 25 mm (1 in.) bar willbe approximately one-fourth that of the $1 mm (2in.) bar assess? When a magnetic field is induced in a part with prods spaced 152.mm (6 in.) apart, the field is a circular field residual field solenoid field longitudinal field aose 653, 112413: 6.27 and 51 mm (2 in). in diameter using a 22, When circular magnetization is used to 7-turn coil and head-stock magnet detect subsurface discontinuities, direct particle machine, what amperage should current is used instead of alternating be used for circular magnetization? current because: a. 7504 4. particle mobility is no longer a factor b. 18004 b. there is no logical reason to use direct ©. 1800 ampere-turns current instead of alternating current 4. 49.000 ampere-turns ©. direct current saturates the magnetic A208 particles better than alternating current 19, If the same amperage is passed through a the skin effect of alternating current 25mm (1 in.) diameter bar and a 51 ma reduces the maximum depth at which (Zin) diameter bar of the same length discontinuities can be found and material, the strength of the or, t16tt9 magnetic field at the surface: 23. An inspection method in which an initial a. will be the same for both bars magnetizing force is applied to a part and . of the 25 mm (1 in.) bar will be then reduced to a lawer continuous value one-half that of the 51 mm (2 in) bar is called: ©. of the 25 mm (1 in,) bar will be approximately twice that of the a. the surge method 51 mm (2in,} bar b. the residual method 4. of the 51 mm (2 in.) bar will be the multivector method approximately four times that ofthe the continuous method 25 mm (1 in.) bar 8355-156 Asse eee pee eTZSSCOSC SSCS26 ‘Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Magnetic Particle Testing Method 24. Which of the statements below is most appropriate concerning Materials I and II represented by the hysteresis curves shown in Figure 1? 4. Material Lis not a good subject for ‘magnetic particle inspection b. Material I could be used for dry powder magnetic particles ©. Material II could be used for dry powder magnetic particles d. Material [lis paramagnetic Ait 25. Considering the curves shown in Figure 1, Material Ilia comparison to ‘Material I indicates that the material: hhas a high retentivity has a high permeability has a high coercive force ‘would make an excellent permanent magnet pore azir2is 26. Which point on the hysteresis curve shown in Figure 1 represents the residual field value? moe aaseaua7 Figure 1: Hysteresis curves. Material! Be (Flux density) He ( Magnetizing force) polarity to 8+) B. (Flux density of opposite 27. Point Bon the hysteresis curve for @ Material I shown in Figure 1 4. fe the limit of coercive force b. is the materials magnetic saturation point . fepresents the mid-point ofthe rectified alternating current applied 4. represents the point at which the residual magnetic valve wil remain when the magnetizing curent is removed aateaa7 28 When deciding to inspect a part by the residual method of applying the particles, what factor afects the residual magnetic field strength of the part? a. the retentivity of the part b. the parts magnetic field saturation point ©. the direction of the magne the part 4. the type of field indicator used to ‘measure the residual Feld , 297-240; 0.63.64 ield in Material It H+ (+ Magnetizing force) ez COE:SCGESCLevel Ill Questions ~ Magnetic Particle Testing Method 27 D 29, Factors that must be considered when. 33. When withdrawing a part from the field interpreting an indication are: around a coil and without changing the direction of current, which of the a. the direction of the magnetic field following has the least effect on and location of the magnetic particle demagnetizing the part? unit b. the location of the magnetic particle a. direct current unit and the nondestructive testing. b. alternating current level ofthe inspector . full-wave rectified current . the orientation and shape of the 4. half-wave rectified alternating current indication and the direction of the 6280287 magnetic field d. the strength of the leakage field at the 34, The least important factor below that indication and the type of should be considered when selecting a demagnetization method method of magnetization to detect A378; 0216-218 subsurface discontinuities is: 30, A 7-turn coil at 1000 A is used (o inspect a. oticntation of the discontinuity a round solid part 381 mm (15 in.) long ». configuration of the part and 64 mm (2.5 in.) in diameter. The ©. cost of the equipment length-to-diameter ratio is: 4. type of material the partis made from 28 a 2d b. 60 35. Which of the following discontinuities 7000 amp-turns occur as a result of the rolling process? 4. 45.000 amp-turns > sotse: 8 fs ». laminations 31, Which of the following, when used as the «. lack of penetration last magnetizing method, will best render 4. blowholes and pipe 4 part suitable for relatively easy est measurement of the external magnetic field using aficld indicator? 36. Which of the following discontinuities ‘occu as a result of the forging process? a. probe magnetization b. circular magnetization a. pipe . longitudinal magnetization b. laps 4. central bar conductor magnetization «. laminations .204:205 4. lack of penetration ore 32, When using direct current, an indication is detected. What is the next logical step 37. If an indication is formed when using the to determine ifthe indication results residual method as wel as the continuous from a surface or subsurface condition? method, itis most likely: a. reinspect using alternating current a. very deep and tight '. reinspect at higher amperage b. atelevant indication c demagnetize and apply ponder ¢. anonrelevant indication di. reinspect using the residual method 4. very shallow and open to the surface Asor A397 aie ase SECE:SCEE:C*C*iE:*C*«‘itTE:C*«O:C«Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Magnetic Particle Testing Method 38. 39, 40. al Plated parts can be reliably tested for fine 42. surface cracks using the magnetic particle ‘method if the plating is less than: 2, 0,762 mm (0.03 in.) thick b, 1,016 mm (0.04 in.) thick 0.127 mm (0.005 in.) thi 4. 0.2032 mm (0.008 in.) thick azar ‘The magnetic lines of flux in @ permanent magnet: 4 inall cases produce a longitudinal field b. enter the south pole and leave the north pole © flow from the north pole through te magnet to the south pole change direction 60 times a second with the magnetizing current cas Which of the following magnetization techniques is not recommended for 44, magnetic particle testing? 2. vector magnetization b. parallel magnetization © circular magnetization 4. longitudinal magnetization Ase, C12 When attempting to demegnetize a part containing a circular residual field: a. usea swinging cyclic field 45, '. consideration of the material's hysteresis is most important . establish a longitudinal field and then proceed with demagnetization dd. using half-wave current with a head shot setup and step-down ‘magnetization will ensure complete removal of the residual field Small parts requiring demagnetization should be: a. loaded in baskets ina single layer and passed through an alternating current coil . loaded ina steel basket for better field distribution ©. processed througha demagnetization ‘yd one ata time . demagnetized after assembly to ensure complete demagnetization of the entire assembly Aste The best shape for magnetic particles used in the dry powder method is: a globular b. clongated & long and slender d. a mixture of elongated and globular caro ‘An effective method for testing hardened steel ball bearings is: along one axis using a coil b. two head shots along the X and Y axes & two shots using a coil at the X and Y induced current shots along X, ¥,and Z axes, with controlled rotation between each positioning 319350 When a magnetized ferromagnetic object is exposed to a subsequent heating operation above the curie point: a. the marten site structure will occur . the magnetic domains become random . there is no change from its previous state 280 4. the magnetic domains ate reversed from their previous state care aay Phy PED thOTY «Oy ase RELevel Ill Questions - Magnetic Particle Testing Method 29 A discontinuity caused by a welding operation is: creep crack segregation machining tear . lamellar tearing epee ©3017 Given a certain continuous ‘magnetization current in a snaterial, which type of current would give the shallowest penetration? a. dicect current b. alternating current &. direct current surge 4. half-wave direct current 47, ‘The most effective current to be used ont9 with dry magnetic particles is: 52. Which type of radiation can most 4 direct current damage human tissue? b. half-wave rectified alternating current fall-wave rectified alternating current a UWA with three-phase bridge circuitry b. UVB 4. fall-wave rectified alternating current & white light with single-phase bridge circuitry visible light ost 28 48, The following properties should be 53. Compared with magnetic particle testing, considered in choosing a vehicle for the liquid penetrant testing is not as reliable wet method, except: after paint removal from a weld because: a capillarity 2. liquid penetrant testing can be b. corrosivity applied only to small parts De veting abit 0 lind penetrating can be di foaming ability applied only in field conditions 186187 ©. magnetic particle testing will detect subsurface discontinuities 49. The amount of light reflected by one dd. partial smearing of weld surface metal surface compared to that reflected by across the discontinuity opening can another adjacent surface is occur 369 a. length-to-diameter ratio b. B/H ratio 54, Prod spacing less than 76.2 mm (3 in.) is ©. color contrast usually not practical because: 4. brightness contrast on a. the possibility of sparking will increase 50. Given a certain continuous b. more time will be consumed for magnetization current in a material, inspection which type of current would give the . itrequires more media than a 152mm deepest penetration? (in. prod distance particles tend to bend around the a direct current prod making interpretation difficult ». alternating current direct current sarge 4 half-wave direct current oats brs PegSeGSCTS:«SCPOSSCPGYSCBYSCLY SPO30 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Magnetic Particle Testing Method 55, 56, One of most important facts that must be remembered while establishing magnetic particle procedure is that: the magnetic field follows the path of sgreatest reluctance . the coil shot, wet method provides only surface discontinuities . the head shot, wet method is better for detecting subsurface discontinuities <4. in most cases the continuous method is more sensitive than is the residual method oa, Which one of the following magnetic particle testing techniques is logically acceptable for testing a large flat area? prod inspection rod shot inspection coil shot inspection head shot inspection aose e320 57. 58, Permeability of a material can’be numerically written as: RIB BAL HeiHib ampere-tuens/number of turns peor ose One disadvantage for using undyed wet magnetic particles is: a itis more costly suitable for the fluorescent method oniy ©. itis suitable for surface detection only 4. the lack of contrasting color makes them difficult to see continuity cet ‘One of most desirable characteristics of the media for magnetic particle testing ist 4. the ability to show clearly against any background b. the insensitiveness to concentration in water asi vehicle ©. no need for agitation when used with a liquid vehicle 4. the highest possible’ permeability and lowest retentivity coo pes PRG US OSS,