Practical no - 1

Aim: To setup DirectX 11, Window Framework and Initialize Direct3D

Device.

Framework

The frame work will begin with four items:-

 It will have a WinMain function to handle the entry point of the application.
 It will also have a system class that encapsulates the entire application that will
be called from within the WinMain function.
 Inside the system class we will have a input class for handling user input and a
graphics class for handling the DirectX graphics code.

WinMain.cpp
#include "systemclass.h"
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR pScmdline,
int iCmdshow)
{
SystemClass* System;
bool result;
System = new SystemClass;
if(!System)
{
return 0;
}
result = System->Initialize();
if(result)
{
System->Run();
}
System->Shutdown();
delete System;
System = 0;
return 0;
}

Systemclass.h
#ifndef _SYSTEMCLASS_H_
#define _SYSTEMCLASS_H_
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <windows.h>
#include "inputclass.h"
#include "graphicsclass.h"
class SystemClass
{
public:
SystemClass();
SystemClass(const SystemClass&);
~SystemClass();
bool Initialize();
void Shutdown();
void Run();
LRESULT CALLBACK MessageHandler(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
private:
bool Frame();
void InitializeWindows(int&, int&);
void ShutdownWindows();
private:
LPCWSTR m_applicationName;
HINSTANCE m_hinstance;
HWND m_hwnd;
InputClass* m_Input;
GraphicsClass* m_Graphics;
};
static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
static SystemClass* ApplicationHandle = 0;

Systemclass.cpp
#include "systemclass.h"
SystemClass::SystemClass()
{
m_Input = 0;
m_Graphics = 0;
}
SystemClass::SystemClass(const SystemClass& other)
{
}
SystemClass::~SystemClass()
{
}
bool SystemClass::Initialize()
{
int screenWidth, screenHeight;
bool result;
screenWidth = 0;
screenHeight = 0;
InitializeWindows(screenWidth, screenHeight);
m_Input = new InputClass;
if(!m_Input)
{
return false;
}
m_Input->Initialize();
m_Graphics = new GraphicsClass;
if(!m_Graphics)
{
return false;
 }
result = m_Graphics->Initialize(screenWidth, screenHeight, m_hwnd);
if(!result)
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
void SystemClass::Shutdown()
{
if(m_Graphics)
{
m_Graphics->Shutdown();
delete m_Graphics;
m_Graphics = 0;
}
if(m_Input)
{
delete m_Input;
m_Input = 0;
}
ShutdownWindows();
return;
}
void SystemClass::Run()
{
MSG msg;
bool done, result;
ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));
done = false;
while(!done)
{
if(PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
if(msg.message == WM_QUIT)
{
done = true;
}
else
{
result = Frame();
if(!result)
{
done = true;
}
}

}
return;
}
bool SystemClass::Frame()
{
 bool result;
if(m_Input->IsKeyDown(VK_ESCAPE))
{
return false;
}
result = m_Graphics->Frame();
if(!result)
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK SystemClass::MessageHandler(HWND hwnd, UINT umsg, WPARAM
wparam, LPARAM lparam)
{
switch(umsg)
{
case WM_KEYDOWN:
{
m_Input->KeyDown((unsigned int)wparam);
return 0;
}
{
m_Input->KeyUp((unsigned int)wparam);
return 0;
}
{
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, umsg, wparam, lparam);
}
}
}
void SystemClass::InitializeWindows(int& screenWidth, int& screenHeight)
{
WNDCLASSEX wc;
DEVMODE dmScreenSettings;
int posX, posY;
ApplicationHandle = this;
m_hinstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
m_applicationName = L"Engine";
wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC;
wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
wc.hInstance = m_hinstance;
wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_WINLOGO);
wc.hIconSm = wc.hIcon;
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wc.lpszClassName = m_applicationName;
wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
RegisterClassEx(&wc);
screenWidth = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
screenHeight = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
if(FULL_SCREEN)
 {
memset(&dmScreenSettings, 0, sizeof(dmScreenSettings));
dmScreenSettings.dmSize = sizeof(dmScreenSettings);
dmScreenSettings.dmPelsWidth = (unsigned long)screenWidth;
dmScreenSettings.dmPelsHeight = (unsigned long)screenHeight;
dmScreenSettings.dmBitsPerPel = 32;
dmScreenSettings.dmFields = DM_BITSPERPEL | DM_PELSWIDTH |
DM_PELSHEIGHT;
ChangeDisplaySettings(&dmScreenSettings, CDS_FULLSCREEN);
posX = posY = 0;
}
else
{
screenWidth = 800;
screenHeight = 600;
posX = (GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN) - screenWidth) / 2;
posY = (GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN) - screenHeight) / 2;
}
m_hwnd = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_APPWINDOW, m_applicationName,
m_applicationName,
WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | WS_CLIPCHILDREN | WS_POPUP,
posX, posY, screenWidth, screenHeight, NULL, NULL, m_hinstance, NULL);
ShowWindow(m_hwnd, SW_SHOW);
SetForegroundWindow(m_hwnd);
SetFocus(m_hwnd);
ShowCursor(false);
return;
}
void SystemClass::ShutdownWindows()
{
ShowCursor(true);
if(FULL_SCREEN)
{
ChangeDisplaySettings(NULL, 0);
}
DestroyWindow(m_hwnd);
m_hwnd = NULL;
UnregisterClass(m_applicationName, m_hinstance);
m_hinstance = NULL;
ApplicationHandle = NULL;
return;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT umessage, WPARAM wparam,
LPARAM lparam)
{
switch(umessage)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
{
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
case WM_CLOSE:
{
PostQuitMessage(0);
 return 0;
}

{
return ApplicationHandle->MessageHandler(hwnd, umessage,
wparam, lparam);
}
}
}

Inputclass.h
#ifndef _INPUTCLASS_H_
#define _INPUTCLASS_H_
class InputClass
{
public:
InputClass();
InputClass(const InputClass&);
~InputClass();
void Initialize();
void KeyDown(unsigned int);
void KeyUp(unsigned int);
bool IsKeyDown(unsigned int);
private:
bool m_keys[256];
};

Inputclass.cpp
#include "inputclass.h"
InputClass::InputClass()
{
}
InputClass::InputClass(const InputClass& other)
{
}
InputClass::~InputClass()
{
}
void InputClass::Initialize()
{
int i;
for(i=0; i<256; i++)
{
m_keys[i] = false;
}
return;
}
void InputClass::KeyDown(unsigned int input)
{
m_keys[input] = true;
return;
}
void InputClass::KeyUp(unsigned int input)
{
m_keys[input] = false;
 return;
}
bool InputClass::IsKeyDown(unsigned int key)
{
return m_keys[key];
}

Graphicsclass.h
#ifndef _GRAPHICSCLASS_H_
#define _GRAPHICSCLASS_H_
#include <windows.h>
const bool FULL_SCREEN = false;
const bool VSYNC_ENABLED = true;
const float SCREEN_DEPTH = 1000.0f;
const float SCREEN_NEAR = 0.1f;
class GraphicsClass
{
public:
GraphicsClass();
GraphicsClass(const GraphicsClass&);
~GraphicsClass();
bool Initialize(int, int, HWND);
void Shutdown();
bool Frame();
private:
bool Render();
private:
};

Graphicsclass.cpp
#include "graphicsclass.h"
GraphicsClass::GraphicsClass()
{
}
GraphicsClass::GraphicsClass(const GraphicsClass& other)
{
}
GraphicsClass::~GraphicsClass()
{
}
bool GraphicsClass::Initialize(int screenWidth, int screenHeight, HWND hwnd)
{
return true;
}
void GraphicsClass::Shutdown()
{
return;
}
bool GraphicsClass::Frame()
{
return true;
}
bool GraphicsClass::Render()
{
return true;
}

Initializing DirectX 11

Graphicsclass.h
#ifndef _GRAPHICSCLASS_H_
#define _GRAPHICSCLASS_H_
#include "d3dclass.h"
const bool FULL_SCREEN = false;
const bool VSYNC_ENABLED = true;
const float SCREEN_DEPTH = 1000.0f;
const float SCREEN_NEAR = 0.1f;
class GraphicsClass
{
public:
GraphicsClass();
GraphicsClass(const GraphicsClass&);
~GraphicsClass();
bool Initialize(int, int, HWND);
void Shutdown();
bool Frame();
private:
bool Render();
private:of the class and which are not.
D3DClass* m_D3D;
};
#endif

Graphicsclass.cpp
GraphicsClass::GraphicsClass()
{
m_D3D = 0;
}
bool GraphicsClass::Initialize(int screenWidth, int screenHeight, HWND hwnd)
{
bool result;
m_D3D = new D3DClass;
if(!m_D3D)
{
return false;
}
result = m_D3D->Initialize(screenWidth, screenHeight, VSYNC_ENABLED,
hwnd, FULL_SCREEN, SCREEN_DEPTH, SCREEN_NEAR);
if(!result)
{
MessageBox(hwnd, L"Could not initialize Direct3D", L"Error",
MB_OK);
return false;
 }
return true;
}
void GraphicsClass::Shutdown()
{
if(m_D3D)
{
m_D3D->Shutdown();
delete m_D3D;
m_D3D = 0;
}
return;
}
bool GraphicsClass::Frame()
{
bool result;
result = Render();
if(!result)
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
bool GraphicsClass::Render()
{
m_D3D->BeginScene(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
m_D3D->EndScene();
return true;
}

D3dclass.h
#ifndef _D3DCLASS_H_
#define _D3DCLASS_H_
#pragma comment(lib, "dxgi.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3d11.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx11.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx10.lib")
#include <dxgi.h>
#include <d3dcommon.h>
#include <d3d11.h>
#include <d3dx10math.h>
class D3DClass
{
public:
D3DClass();
D3DClass(const D3DClass&);
~D3DClass();
bool Initialize(int, int, bool, HWND, bool, float, float);
void Shutdown();
void BeginScene(float, float, float, float);
 void EndScene();
ID3D11Device* GetDevice();
ID3D11DeviceContext* GetDeviceContext();
void GetProjectionMatrix(D3DXMATRIX&);
void GetWorldMatrix(D3DXMATRIX&);
void GetOrthoMatrix(D3DXMATRIX&);
void GetVideoCardInfo(char*, int&);
private:
bool m_vsync_enabled;
int m_videoCardMemory;
char m_videoCardDescription[128];
IDXGISwapChain* m_swapChain;
ID3D11Device* m_device;
ID3D11DeviceContext* m_deviceContext;
ID3D11RenderTargetView* m_renderTargetView;
ID3D11Texture2D* m_depthStencilBuffer;
ID3D11DepthStencilState* m_depthStencilState;
ID3D11DepthStencilView* m_depthStencilView;
ID3D11RasterizerState* m_rasterState;
D3DXMATRIX m_projectionMatrix;
D3DXMATRIX m_worldMatrix;
D3DXMATRIX m_orthoMatrix;
};

D3dclass.cpp
#include "d3dclass.h"
D3DClass::D3DClass()
{
m_swapChain = 0;
m_device = 0;
m_deviceContext = 0;
m_renderTargetView = 0;
m_depthStencilBuffer = 0;
m_depthStencilState = 0;
m_depthStencilView = 0;
m_rasterState = 0;
}
D3DClass::D3DClass(const D3DClass& other)
{
}
D3DClass::~D3DClass()
{
}
bool D3DClass::Initialize(int screenWidth, int screenHeight, bool vsync, HWND hwnd, bool
fullscreen,
float screenDepth, float screenNear)
{
HRESULT result;
IDXGIFactory* factory;
IDXGIAdapter* adapter;
 IDXGIOutput* adapterOutput;
unsigned int numModes, i, numerator, denominator, stringLength;
DXGI_MODE_DESC* displayModeList;
DXGI_ADAPTER_DESC adapterDesc;
int error;
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc;
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevel;
ID3D11Texture2D* backBufferPtr;
D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC depthBufferDesc;
D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_DESC depthStencilDesc;
D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_VIEW_DESC depthStencilViewDesc;
D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC rasterDesc;
D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport;
float fieldOfView, screenAspect;
m_vsync_enabled = vsync;
result = CreateDXGIFactory(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory), (void**)&factory);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
result = factory->EnumAdapters(0, &adapter);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
result = adapter->EnumOutputs(0, &adapterOutput);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
result = adapterOutput-
>GetDisplayModeList(DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
DXGI_ENUM_MODES_INTERLACED, &numModes, NULL);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
displayModeList = new DXGI_MODE_DESC[numModes];
if(!displayModeList)
{
return false;
}
result = adapterOutput-
>GetDisplayModeList(DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
DXGI_ENUM_MODES_INTERLACED, &numModes, displayModeList);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
for(i=0; i<numModes; i++)
 {
if(displayModeList[i].Width == (unsigned int)screenWidth)
{
if(displayModeList[i].Height == (unsigned int)screenHeight)
{
numerator = displayModeList[i].RefreshRate.Numerator;
denominator = displayModeList[i].RefreshRate.Denominator;
}
}
}
result = adapter->GetDesc(&adapterDesc);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
m_videoCardMemory = (int)(adapterDesc.DedicatedVideoMemory / 1024 / 1024);
error = wcstombs_s(&stringLength, m_videoCardDescription, 128,
adapterDesc.Description, 128);
if(error != 0)
{
return false;
}
delete [] displayModeList;
displayModeList = 0;
adapterOutput->Release();
adapterOutput = 0;
adapter->Release();
adapter = 0;
factory->Release();
factory = 0;
ZeroMemory(&swapChainDesc, sizeof(swapChainDesc));
swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1;
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Width = screenWidth;
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Height = screenHeight;
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
if(m_vsync_enabled)
{
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = numerator;
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = denominator;
}
else
{
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 0;
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
}
swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd;
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
if(fullscreen)
 {
swapChainDesc.Windowed = false;
}
else
{
swapChainDesc.Windowed = true;
}
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering =
DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;
swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
swapChainDesc.Flags = 0;
featureLevel = D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0;
result = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL,
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, 0, &featureLevel, 1,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &m_swapChain, &m_device, NULL,
&m_deviceContext);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
result = m_swapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D),
(LPVOID*)&backBufferPtr);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
result = m_device->CreateRenderTargetView(backBufferPtr, NULL,
&m_renderTargetView);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
backBufferPtr->Release();
backBufferPtr = 0;
ZeroMemory(&depthBufferDesc, sizeof(depthBufferDesc));
depthBufferDesc.Width = screenWidth;
depthBufferDesc.Height = screenHeight;
depthBufferDesc.MipLevels = 1;
depthBufferDesc.ArraySize = 1;
depthBufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
depthBufferDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
depthBufferDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
depthBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
depthBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL;
depthBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
depthBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
result = m_device->CreateTexture2D(&depthBufferDesc, NULL,
&m_depthStencilBuffer);
if(FAILED(result))
 {
return false;
}
ZeroMemory(&depthStencilDesc, sizeof(depthStencilDesc));
depthStencilDesc.DepthEnable = true;
depthStencilDesc.DepthWriteMask = D3D11_DEPTH_WRITE_MASK_ALL;
depthStencilDesc.DepthFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_LESS;
depthStencilDesc.StencilEnable = true;
depthStencilDesc.StencilReadMask = 0xFF;
depthStencilDesc.StencilWriteMask = 0xFF;
depthStencilDesc.FrontFace.StencilFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
depthStencilDesc.FrontFace.StencilDepthFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_INCR;
depthStencilDesc.FrontFace.StencilPassOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
depthStencilDesc.FrontFace.StencilFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_ALWAYS;
depthStencilDesc.BackFace.StencilFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
depthStencilDesc.BackFace.StencilDepthFailOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_DECR;
depthStencilDesc.BackFace.StencilPassOp = D3D11_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
depthStencilDesc.BackFace.StencilFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_ALWAYS;
result = m_device->CreateDepthStencilState(&depthStencilDesc,
&m_depthStencilState);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
m_deviceContext->OMSetDepthStencilState(m_depthStencilState, 1);
ZeroMemory(&depthStencilViewDesc, sizeof(depthStencilViewDesc));
depthStencilViewDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
depthStencilViewDesc.ViewDimension =
D3D11_DSV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
depthStencilViewDesc.Texture2D.MipSlice = 0;
result = m_device->CreateDepthStencilView(m_depthStencilBuffer,
&depthStencilViewDesc, &m_depthStencilView);
if(FAILED(result))
{
return false;
}
m_deviceContext->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &m_renderTargetView,
m_depthStencilView);
rasterDesc.AntialiasedLineEnable = false;
rasterDesc.CullMode = D3D11_CULL_BACK;
rasterDesc.DepthBias = 0;
rasterDesc.DepthBiasClamp = 0.0f;
rasterDesc.DepthClipEnable = true;
rasterDesc.FillMode = D3D11_FILL_SOLID;
rasterDesc.FrontCounterClockwise = false;
rasterDesc.MultisampleEnable = false;
rasterDesc.ScissorEnable = false;
rasterDesc.SlopeScaledDepthBias = 0.0f;
result = m_device->CreateRasterizerState(&rasterDesc, &m_rasterState);
if(FAILED(result))
 {
return false;
}
m_deviceContext->RSSetState(m_rasterState);
viewport.Width = (float)screenWidth;
viewport.Height = (float)screenHeight;
viewport.MinDepth = 0.0f;
viewport.MaxDepth = 1.0f;
viewport.TopLeftX = 0.0f;
viewport.TopLeftY = 0.0f;
m_deviceContext->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport);
fieldOfView = (float)D3DX_PI / 4.0f;
screenAspect = (float)screenWidth / (float)screenHeight;
D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(&m_projectionMatrix, fieldOfView, screenAspect,
screenNear, screenDepth);
D3DXMatrixIdentity(&m_worldMatrix);
D3DXMatrixOrthoLH(&m_orthoMatrix, (float)screenWidth, (float)screenHeight,
screenNear, screenDepth);

return true;
}
void D3DClass::Shutdown()
{
if(m_swapChain)
{
m_swapChain->SetFullscreenState(false, NULL);
}
if(m_rasterState)
{
m_rasterState->Release();
m_rasterState = 0;
}
if(m_depthStencilView)
{
m_depthStencilView->Release();
m_depthStencilView = 0;
}
if(m_depthStencilState)
{
m_depthStencilState->Release();
m_depthStencilState = 0;
}
if(m_depthStencilBuffer)
{
m_depthStencilBuffer->Release();
m_depthStencilBuffer = 0;
}
if(m_renderTargetView)
{
m_renderTargetView->Release();
 m_renderTargetView = 0;
}
if(m_deviceContext)
{
m_deviceContext->Release();
m_deviceContext = 0;
}
if(m_device)
{
m_device->Release();
m_device = 0;
}
if(m_swapChain)
{
m_swapChain->Release();
m_swapChain = 0;
}
return;
}
void D3DClass::BeginScene(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha)
{
float color[4];
color[0] = red;
color[1] = green;
color[2] = blue;
color[3] = alpha;
m_deviceContext->ClearRenderTargetView(m_renderTargetView, color);
m_deviceContext->ClearDepthStencilView(m_depthStencilView, D3D11_CLEAR_DEPTH,
1.0f, 0);
return;
}
void D3DClass::EndScene()
{
if(m_vsync_enabled)
{
m_swapChain->Present(1, 0);
}
else
{
m_swapChain->Present(0, 0);
}
return;
}These next functions simply get pointers to the Direct3D device and the Direct3D device
context. ID3D11Device* D3DClass::GetDevice()
{
return m_device;
}
ID3D11DeviceContext* D3DClass::GetDeviceContext()
{
return m_deviceContext;
}
void D3DClass::GetProjectionMatrix(D3DXMATRIX& projectionMatrix)
{
projectionMatrix = m_projectionMatrix;
return;
}
void D3DClass::GetWorldMatrix(D3DXMATRIX& worldMatrix)
{
worldMatrix = m_worldMatrix;
return;
}
void D3DClass::GetOrthoMatrix(D3DXMATRIX& orthoMatrix)
{
orthoMatrix = m_orthoMatrix;
return;
} configurations.
void D3DClass::GetVideoCardInfo(char* cardName, int& memory)
{
strcpy_s(cardName, 128, m_videoCardDescription);
memory = m_videoCardMemory;
return;
}