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1. Describe the functional elements of an instrument with its block diagram. And illustrate them with pressure
3. Explain in detail, the normal or Gaussian curve of errors in the study of random effects.
4. Explain in detail, the basic blocks of a generalized instrumentation system. (N-10, A-12)
5. Explain in detail, the various types of errors associated in measurement. (N-10, N-11, A-12, A-14)
a) Accuracy
b) Resolution
c) Sensitivity and
d) Linearity
7. Explain in detail, the various static and dynamic characteristics of a measuring system. (A-11, N-11)
a. Arithmetic mean
8. Explain in detail, the different standard inputs for studying the dynamic response of a system.
UNIT – II : INSTRUMENTS
PART – A (2 Marks)
1. Write the types of instruments used for making voltmeter and ammeter. (N-10)
The types of instruments used for making voltmeter and ammeter are,
i. PMMC type
ii. Moving iron type
iii. Dynamometer type
iv. Hot wire type
v. Electrostatic type
vi. Induction type
1. Explain in detail, the construction and working of a permanent magnetic moving coil instruments.
3. Explain in detail, the function of three phase wattmeter and energy meter.
4. Sketch the circuit and waveforms for AC voltmeter using a PMMC instrument and half wave rectifier.
5. Explain in detail, the working of the successive approximation DVM. (N-10, A-11)
6. Explain in detail, the construction and working principle of single-phase induction type energy meter.
(A-11, A-12)
7. Explain the construction and working of electrodynamometer type instruments. Also derive its torque equation.
(N-10, N-12)
8. Explain in detail, the different methods of determination of B –H curve. (N-10, A-11, N-11, M-14)
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9. Write the advantages of AC potentiometers.
The advantages of AC potentiometers are,
i. They can be used for measurement of both magnitude and phase angle
ii. They can be used for measurement of inductance of the coil.
iii. They are used in measurement of errors in current transformers.
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PART – B (16 Marks)
4. Explain the voltage sensitive self -balancing bridge, and derive the bridge sensitivity of voltage sensitive bridge
with fundamentals.
6. Explain Kelvin’s double bridge method for the measurement of low resistance. (N-10, A-14)
7. Explain the working principle of Anderson’s bridge and also derive its balance equations. (N-12)
8. Explain the working principle of Schering’s bridge and also derive its balance equations. (A-11)
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UNIT – IV : STORAGE AND DISPLAY DEVICES
PART – A (2 Marks)
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7. What is drop out?
In direct recording, some portions of the tape may not be perfectly recorded owing to dirt or poor manufacture and
this is called drop out.
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PART – B (16 Marks)
1. Explain in detail, the construction and working of LCDs, mention the difference between light scattering and
field effect types of LCD’s, also explain the advantages of LCD’s. (N-12)
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UNIT – V : TRANSDUCERS
PART – A (2 Marks)
4. Define – Viscosity
Viscosity is defined as the property which determines the magnitudes of the resistance of the fluid to a shearing
force.
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PART – B (16 Marks)
2. Explain in detail, the different strain gauges with their principle of operation. (A-11)
5. Explain in detail, the schematic block diagram of a general data acquisition system (DAS) and give its
objectives. (A-12)
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