Assignment: psychology Submitted by: Tahreem Saleem Submitted to: Ma'am Surwat sultsna Roll no: 538 Topic: Motivation Govt Sadiq college women university bwpMotivation + Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. * Motivation is what causes you to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge.Motives have three important functions in behavior: ‘+ Motives have an energizing function. The motivated person is active and his activity is maintained at relatively high levels until relevant goals or reward is attained. Goal refers to a substance, or object capable of satisfying a need. A person Who is interested to receive an award is likely to work hard for it until he achieves his goal. + Motives have a directing function. They determine from many possible behaviors or responses which are likely to be the most appropriate. This directs a person to organize his ideas around whatever goal is important to him at the moment + Motives have a selecting function. Reinforcement, consequences, and feedback determine which of a number of responses will be selected,Classification of Motives |, Primary Motives: Biological Needs Primary motives are those directly related to the normal body Functions such as need for alr, food, water, axeretion of waste, rest and sleep, protection from heat and cold, avaidance of pain and soon. II, Hunger: The Regulation of Food Intake Hunger is believed to be caused by rhythmic contractions of the empty stomach. The strength of hunger drive can be measured by discovering how much resistance 3 human or acimal will endure to overcome it ML Thirst: The Regulation of Water Intake Like hunger, the drink system and a stop drink system key mechanisms are regulated in the hypothalamus. The control centers for thirst occupy much of the same space as the centers for hunger but they operate. separately by using different neurotransmitter substances. The hypothalamus uses three principal cues in regulating drinking: mouth dryness, loss of water by cell, and reduction in blood volume,+ IN. Sexual Motivation: Humans and animals that depend on sexual reproduction would soon be extinct without a sexual mative. While hunger, thirst, and other primary motives are necessary for the survival of the individual, sexual motivation: a primary motive- is essential to the survival of the species. + V. Drive Reductior rive compels us to act in a way that reduces the biological need and restores homeostasis. ‘Thus, the drive directly activates and directs our behavior. ‘The concept of drive reduction holds the view that motives are based on the body’s need to restore homeostasis when its biological needs are unmet. The concept successfully explains motives such as hunger and thirst. An imbalance in our body tissues is clearly reduced when we drink or eat.VI. Psychological Motives: This motives are not directly related to the biological survival ofthe individual, They are needs inthe sense ‘hat individual's happiness and well- being depend on these motives, ~ Stimulus Motivation Most people get bored easly theres ile ‘yer stimulavon or ithe stmulatonis unchanging. People 2nd ‘ther Seimalshave an apparenty inom motive fo seek sumtin Eramplesinchade ctvaycunosiy, explorsbon, manipulation and physteal contac. — Functional AutonomyPropoced by Gordon Allport, hs theory tells us that our motives became independent of thei ealdhaod or = Aflilation Motivation Incvidvals who are high nthe need for Bifllation tend to prefer being with others rather than satisfying other motives ~ Achievement Motivation The psychological need for success in school, Shon, occupation, and other competitive stuaions