Painting

art units different people, influences the development of personality, makes our innerworld
richer, feels our soul with different feelings.There are many different forms of art and painting is
only one of them. painting is one of the oldest kind of arts. Since prehistoric times, artists have
painted on surfaces in way that express their view about people and the world, feelings and
emotions. The paintings that artists create have great value for humanity. They give people
enjoyment as well as information.

It's not easy to find a subject that no one has ever tried to paint. Artists paint the things they see
around them - people, animals, nature, and surrounding objects. They also paint dreamlike
scenes that exist only in the imagination. An artist can reach back into the past and paint a
historical event, a religious story, or a myth. Some artists create pictures that show no clear
subject matter at all. However, they arrange the paint in some abstract way that expresses
feelings or ideas that are important to them.

While painting, artists use different types of paint. For example, many artists prefer oil painting.
Others choose to use pastel or watercolor, gouache or enamel. All techniques are attractive in
their own way. Styles of painting also differ. They have changed over the centuries. Some of the
latest styles are modernism, impressionism and abstract expressionism.

Painting in England began to develop later than in over European countries. William Hogarth is
famous representative of English painting/Among his best works are «Captain Coram», «The
Shrimp Girl», serial «Mode Marriage».

Thomas Gainsborough is one of the most famous portrait and landscape painters of XVIII
century Britain. Among his work you can see colorful painting «Mr. and Mrs. Andrews» which
is a combination of family portrait and landscape, and dark portrait of «Mr and Mrs William Hal-
lett» that exemplifies Gainsborough's mature style/One of his best pictures is the famous “Blue
boy”.

William Blake is an English poet and painter. His paintings may seem very unusual and
fantastic. For example, he depicted Isaac Newton as a divine geometer

John Constable (1776 - 1837) is one of the most outstanding painters, who developed his own
style of painting. He considered sketch, made directly from nature, the first task of a landscape
painter. Constable depicted nature in his own realistic way, he was the first artist who began to
paint sketches which were as big as paintings. He was able to show the inside life of nature.

William Joseph Turner (1774 - 1851) was the greatest English romantic, landscape and marine
painter. among his most famous paintings are the fithing temerire and the slave ship.

the paintings of John constable and William Turner made a special impression on me. these
artists masterfully, in their own special way, depict the beauty of nature. I admire the painting by
constable of Salisbury Cathedral and a painting by Turner the fithing temerire.

but my favorite artist is Vincent van Gogh. His style of painting was very different from classical
art. He painted pictures of the sunny, hot regions of France. Nobody has ever painted cornfields
or sunflowers like Van Gogh. His paintings are full of color and sunlight. He looked for
interesting shapes and exciting colors. He liked to work freely and quickly. There is fast
movement in many of his paintings. my favorite painting is starry night. the artist depicts the
night beauty of the sky in an unusual manner.

People are fond of painting for many reasons. They may think a painting is beautiful. People
may enjoy the colors that the painter used or the way the artist arranged the paint on the surface.
Some paintings interest people because of the way the artist expresses some human emotions
like fear, happiness, or love. Other paintings are enjoyable because they skillfully portray nature.
Even paintings of such everyday scenes as people at work and play and of such simple objects as
flowers or animals can be a source of pleasure. They provide information about the traditions,
goals, and interests of the people of past societies. Painting also tells about such things as the
building, clothing, and tools of the past.

Medicine
There are two meanings to the word medicine. The first is science of healing, which involves
both prevention and cure of disease. Medical science is concerned with treating both physical
and mental illnesses, with the control of epidemics and the maintaining of public health. The
second meaning of the word medicine refers to all tablets, powders and liquids which are given
internally in treating a sick person.

There are many diseases in the modern world. The most common are colds, flu, fever, food
poisoning, measles, pneumonia, angina, and so on. The most serious diseases include heart
attacks, asthma, multiple sclerosis, sepsis and many others. In case of unbeatable illness most
people need special medical attention and are under care of a doctor in hospital. Diseases have
different symptoms and different degrees of danger to our health, but all diseases need to be
treated

Nobody likes visiting a doctor. However, when people feel sick they make an appointment with
a doctor, send for a doctor or, in most serious cases, call an ambulance. The profession of a
doctor is one of the most noble, respected and needed in the world, as we turn to a doctor for
advise at the hardest moments of our life, when we fall ill or suffer from pain or some disorder in
our body and soul. There are many doctors, such as

dentist[ 'dentist ] дантист
surgeon [ 'sə:ʤən ] хирург
urologist [ jʋ'rɒlədʒɪst ] уролог
neurologist [ nʋ'rɒlədʒɪst ] невропатолог
psychiatrist [ sai'kaiətrist ] психиатр
dermatologist [ ,də:mə'tɔləʤist ] дерматолог
cardiologist [ ‚kɑ:rdɪ'ɒlədʒɪst ] кардиолог
endocrinologist[ ‚endəʋkrɪ’nɒlədʒɪst ]эндокринолог
oncologist

When we have a headache, a stomach ache, a sore throat, a cold, or a pain in some parts of the
body, we call a doctor. He takes our temperature and our pulse. He examines our heart, our
lungs, our stomach or the part where we have pain, and tells us what the matter is with us. The
doctor prescribes medicine, and gives us a prescription, which we take to the chemist’s, who
makes up the medicine.

At chemist's shop you can get different kinds of medicines: pulls, tablets, ointments and many
other things.

If you follow the doctor’s orders, you get better; if you disobey the doctor, you may get worse,
and even die. We must obey the doctor, if we want to get better. If we have a temperature, we
must stay in bed and take the medicine he prescribes. If we cannot get better at home we must go
to hospital. If we are too ill to walk, we go to hospital in the ambulance.

. I take care of my health because I like to feel well. Sometimes I’m tired or stressed and I have a
headache. So I have to use an aspirin or some other pain killer.

I don’t like to go to the doctor, but sometimes I have to. In my opinion people should try to keep
fit, eat healthy food and do some sports.Physically inactive people catch cold more often than
those who do plenty of exercises. Among the benefits of regular exercise are a healthier heart,
stronger bones, quicker reaction times and more resistance to various illnesses.

To be healthy we should avoid different bad habits that can affect our health. In my opinion,
smoking and drinking too much alcohol, are the worst ones.

Smoking and drinking are joined by less dangerous habits, such as skipping meals, eating
unhealthy food, or even overeating. Of course, they are not quite as deadly as smoking or
drinking alcohol, but they also affect our health.

To be healthy, it is also very important to spend a lot of time in the open air. It is useful to go for
a walk before going to bed, or to air the room.

Personally I believe that regularity in life promotes our health. Sleeping eight or nine hours,
getting up early, regular meals, a healthy diet and going in for sports is really a good way to live

But even if you do all that, it doesn’t guarantee that you won’t have some serious disease like
asthma or cancer. The reason of it is a high level of pollution of the environment.

Environment
Environment is everything in the world around us that surround and affects all life on earth,
including the air, food, water, plants, animals and other.

Since ancient time nature has served man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years
people lived in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were
unlimited. But man's interference in nature began to increase with the development of
civilization. Our ecology becomes worse and worse with every new day. Many species of
animals and birds are disappearing nowadays. People destruct wildlife, cut down trees to make
furniture. They forget that people can't live without trees and plants, because they fill air with
oxygen.
There are a lot of ecological problems. Air pollution is the biggest problem of large cities and
industrial areas. It is usually caused by different means of transport. Cars, buses and planes are
among the worst air polluters. Factories and plants also pollute air by pouring harmful emissions
into the air causing lung diseases and doing harm to our health. As a result, acid rains appear and
damage forests and soil.

First of all, people should try to use alternative sources of energy, such as solar, water or wind
energies, or at least to burn smokeless fuels.

Another way is to encourage tree planting, because trees absorb carbon dioxide. Special kinds of
gasoline for cars can also help to reduce air pollution.

Water pollution is as dangerous as air pollution. Factories and plants dump wastes into rivers and
lakes polluting them. Wastes that get into rivers, streams and oceans can entangle wildlife or be
mistaken by them for food and spread diseases to humans. There are several things that can be
done to restore polluted waterways back to normal. You should make sure you never throw
anything that could be toxic down a drain or onto soil.

Soil pollution does not allow plants to grow and makes people sick after they eat fruit and
vegetables grown on polluted soil. People also pollute soil by throwing litter onto it. Such litter
can be found in rivers and lakes too which makes wild animals sick and causes their death. This
can be stopped if you make sure that you throw litter into recycling bins and take litter with you
after a picnic in a forest or on a river bank.

Every day we throw away a lot of litter, which, actually, we can use again, for example paper,
cloth, glass, plastic, etc. Everybody should know the three r's: reduce, reuse and recycle. Water
and electricity can and should be reduced. We should reuse whatever we can: plastic bags, paper,
cans, glass and bottles. Paper and plastic, for example, are also recycled at factories and plants
and we get paper and plastic bags made from recycled materials.

Also one of the most serious problems is greenhouse effect. It works like this: sunlight gives us
heat. Some of the heat warms the atmosphere and some of the heat goes back into space.
Nowadays the heat can't go into space. That's why winter and summer temperatures in many
places have become higher. If the temperature continues growing up the snow on the mountains
and ice will melt, so the most of the earth will be under water. So every person has to understand
how important it is to solve these problems, which endanger people's life.

I live in the city of Mariupol. In this city there are big problems with the environment.The
problem of air and water pollution is acute. First of all, because it is home to two large
metallurgical plants of Ilyich and Azovstal.

Summing up, everyone should understand the seriousness of the problem of environmental
pollution and everyone should do everything possible to protect nature and prevent terrible
consequences.

We live in times when it’s rather easy to travel to any point of the planet. So no wonder travelling
becomes more popular. What is more, our modern life is impossible without travelling. And
there are many reasons for this.
Travelling has a great educational value because it is a chance to meet new people, visit
museums and ancient sights, discover different ways of life, taste national cuisines and practice
foreign languages. It makes us more appreciative of other cultures. The best way to study
geography is to go to distant countries and cities.

.If you are going on vacation or on a business trip, you should seriously look for a suitable type
of transport that will take you to your destination. You can travel by car, bus, plane, train, or
ship. Some people prefer Hiking. Any type of transport has its advantages and disadvantages.

1. For example, traveling by car . For me, is the best type of transport, as it has the following
advantages:
• You can independently choose or change the route and speed of movement, places to stop for
rest and eating, sightseeing of local beauty and attractions.
• There is no strict reference to time
• No need to buy tickets and worry about their availability.
• You can take all the necessary things, not just what is comfortable to carry.

But there are some disadvantages:

• It is the responsibility of the traveller to replenish fuel reserves.
• Being behind the wheel for more than 12 hours can be dangerous, you need to stop or replace
the driver.

As for air travel, I have never flown on a plane. But I'd like to try.
There are the following advantages of flying :
• Travel at a high speed, which makes the journey less tedious.
• High service on Board: passengers can order food and drinks, leaf through Newspapers and
magazines, watch movies.
• Beautiful view from the Windows: you can see the ground from the height of birds ' flight.
• Only by plane you can get to all corners of the world, where the rest of the transport does not
go.
Disadvantages of air transport:
• Expensive ticket• it is The most risky transport in terms of accidents, even from a small
malfunction.
• Strong dependence on weather conditions: thunderstorms, fog, snowstorms and, as a result,
flight cancellations;
The next type of transport is train. I've already traveled by train. I enjoyed the trip, despite some
drawbacks. It is very interesting to travel by train: the views change outside the window and
fellow travelers, cities and train stations.
Among the advantages are:
• Affordable ticket prices.
• The ability to move around, eat comfortably and sleep lying down.
• Possibility to choose different comfort levels: reserved seat, compartment, sleeping car.
Disadvantages:
• The length of the trip, so for those who are in a hurry, a train ride is not suitable.
• Uncomfortable microclimate in old-style cars: cold in winter and hot in summer.
• Shaking and rattling of wheels that prevent you from sleeping comfortably.
We should also consider traveling by ship .I didn't use sea transport. But it seems to me that the
journey on ship is very interesting and comfortable.
Advantages:
• Most activities are included in the trip price: swimming pool, cafe, bar or restaurant, • * the
Traveler is already at the resort, but the bonus is the opportunity to see different countries.
• There is no need to carry Luggage or change overnight accommodations when visiting
countries and cities. The suitcase and bed are always in the cabin.
Disadvantages:
• Short stops at ports: little time for sightseeing.
• Risk of missing the ship, getting lost in one of the unfamiliar cities.
• Seasickness. for some people
And the last type is hiking. Hiking allows you to visit places where no other type of transport
can reach. Choosing Hiking, the traveler gets almost free of charge not only the opportunity to
visit new places, but also a great health benefit.
Among the advantages are:
• Low cost: the opportunity to relax and see the world at a minimum cost.
• The pedestrian sees much more than the traveler on the tour routes.
• Freedom of action: no binding to the transport schedule, the ability to vary the time and
geography of travel.
• but this type of transport has some Difficulties:
• There is no comfort usual for a city resident.
• A certain level of physical fitness is required.
• Depending on weather conditions: it is not particularly pleasant to continue traveling in rain,
wind or cold.
It can be concluded that each type of transport has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Therefore, everyone should choose the type of transport that they like .
Travelling is great! It can give you a great deal of pleasant emotions and memories. It’s the time
for relaxation and thinking. People often return home with a fresh outlook on life and a fantastic
zeal to do something good. 

Trip
my last trip that I really remembered and liked was a trip to St. Petersburg. I went on a trip with
my class, so we decided to spend our graduation. We would get to the city by bus and this is not
a very pleasant memory, since we did not have comfortable conditions. but Saint Petersburg
struck me with its beauty. We were there for three days and in fact it is very little time to view all
the beauty of this city. There are an incredible number of interesting places in Saint Petersburg.
museums, temples, churches, monuments. Of course, I remember the Hermitage most of all. You
can spend a whole day there. I was in the Hermitage for 3 hours and I didn't have enough time to
examine even half of the contents. I was impressed by the night Saint Petersburg. This is an
indescribable atmosphere. In addition, I was lucky and I was able to enjoy the white nights in the
city.and I watched the bridges being built. I believe that this is a city to visit for everyone, no
wonder it is called the cultural capital of Russia.