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Syllabus 2020-21 ds fy,
tksMs x, u, ikBkas ij vk/kfjr
d{kk X-A
Committed to Educate the Nation
IN INDIA
NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS

fiz; Nk=kksa
bl Supplement dk iz;ksx
vki eq[; iqLrd osQ lkFk
eqÝr esa dj ldrs gSaA
IN INDIA
Syllabus 2020&21 osQ fy, u, ifjorZu
fiz; Nk=kx.k@vè;kidx.k!
o`Qi;k è;ku nsaμCBSE us ikB~;ozQe 2020&21 osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr egÙoiw.kZ ifjorZu fd, gSaA ;s ifjorZu geus
xksYMu ¯gnh esa iwjh rjg ls dj fn, gSaA fd, x, ifjorZu fuEu gSaμ
tksM+h xbZ ubZ lkexzhμ

l vifBr x|ka'k 10 vadksa dk gksxkA mlesa ls 2&2 vadksa osQ pkj iz'u rFkk 1&1 vad osQ nks iz'u iwNs tk,¡xsA
l ys[ku&dk;Z esa ^vuqPNsn&ys[ku* rFkk ^lans'k&ys[ku* u, ikB tksM+s x, gSaA
gVkbZ xbZ lkexzhμ

l vifBr dkO;ka'k gVk fn;k x;k gSA
l jpuk Hkkx ls ^fuca/&ys[ku* dks gVk fn;k x;k gSA
xksYMu ¯gnh esa bu lHkh ifjorZuksa dks vkRelkr dj fy;k x;k gSA blh vuqlkj u, iz'u&i=k Hkh tksM+s x, gSaA
vk'kk gS] bu u, ifjorZuksa ls lqlfTtr ;g xksYMu ¯gnh vkidk leqfpr ekxZn'kZu djrs gq, vkidks 'kr&izfr'kr vad
fnykus esa lgk;d fl¼ gksxhA vkidh lEefr;ksa vkSj fVIif.k;ksa dh izrh{kk jgsxhA
μys[kd
(i)

ÁflcÊÿ-‚ÍøË
v. vuqPNsn&ys[ku 1&23
2. lans'k&ys[ku 24&33
3. lSaiy isilZ S-1&S-10
(ii)

SYLLABUS
Issued by CBSE APRIL 2020
¯gnh (ikB~;Øe&^v*) dksM la[;k (002)

d{kk nloha ¯gnh ^v*μijh{kk gsrq ikB~;ozQe fofunsZ'ku 2020&21
ijh{kk Hkkj foHkktu
fo"k;oLrq mi Hkkj oqQy Hkkj

1- vifBr x|ka'k (¯pru {kerk ,oa vfHkO;fDr dkS'ky ij) vfr
y?kwÙkjkRed ,oa y?kwÙkjkRed iz'uA
,d vifBr x|ka'k (100 ls 150 'kCnksa osQ) (1 × 2 = 2) (2 × 4 = 8) 10 10
2- O;kdj.k osQ fy, fu/kZfjr fo"k;ksa ij fo"k;&oLrq dk cks/] Hkkf"kd
¯cnq@lajpuk vkfn ij iz'uA (1 × 16)
O;kdj.k
1- jpuk osQ vk/kj ij okD; Hksn (4 vad) 04
2- okP; (4 vad) 04 16
3- in&ifjp; (4 vad) 04
4- jl (4 vad) 04
3- ikB~;iqLrd f{kfrt Hkkx&2 o iwjd ikB~;iqLrd Ñfrdk Hkkx&2
(v) x| [kaM 14
1- f{kfrt ls fuèkkZfjr ikBksa esa ls x|ka'k osQ vkèkkj ij fo"k;&oLrq dk Kku cksèk] 06
vfHkO;fDr vkfn ij rhu iz'u iwNs tk,¡xsA (2 × 3)
2- f{kfrt ls fuèkkZfjr x| ikBksa osQ vkèkkj ij fo|k£Fk;ksa dh mPp ¯pru {kerkvksa 08
,oa vfHkO;fDr dk vkdyu djus gsrq pkj iz'u iwNs tk,¡xsA
(2 × 4) (fodYi lfgr)
(c) dkO; [kaM 14 34

1- f{kfrt ls fu/kZfjr dforkvksa esa ls dkO;ka'k osQ vk/kj ij rhu iz'u iwNs tk,¡xsA
(2 × 3) (fodYi lfgr) 06
2- f{kfrt ls fuèkkZfjr dforkvksa osQ vkèkkj ij fo|k£Fk;ksa dk dkO;cksèk ij[kus 08
gsrq pkj iz'u iwNs tk,¡xsA (2 × 4) (fodYi lfgr)
(l) iwjd ikB~;iqLrd Ñfrdk Hkkx&2 06
Ñfrdk osQ fuèkkZfjr ikBksa ij vkèkkfjr nks iz'u iwNs tk,¡xsA 06
(fodYi lfgr) (2 × 3)
(iii)

(iv)
4- ys[ku
(v) fofHkUu fo"k;ksa vkSj lanHkks± ij fo|k£Fk;ksa osQ roZQlaxr fopkj izdV djus dh 05
{kerk dks ij[kus osQ fy, laoQs r ¯cnqvksa ij vkèkkfjr lelkef;d ,oa O;kogkfjd
thou ls tqM+s gq, rhu fo"k;ksa ij 80 ls 100 'kCnksa esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k;
ij vuqPNsnA (5 × 1)
(c) vfHkO;fDr dh {kerk ij osaQfnzr vkSipkfjd vFkok vukSipkfjd fo"k;ksa esa ls 05 20
fdlh ,d fo"k; ij i=kA (5 × 1)
(l) fo"k; ls lacaf/r 25&50 'kCnksa osQ varxZr foKkiu ys[ku 05
(5 × 1) (fodYi lfgr)
(n) lans'k ys[ku ('kqHkdkeuk] ioZ&R;ksgkjksa ,oa fo'ks"k voljksa ij fn, tkus okys
lans'k) (30&40 'kCnksa esa) (5 × 1) (fodYi lfgr) 05
oqQy 80
uksV % ikB~;Øe osQ fuEufyf[kr ikB osQoy i<+us osQ fy, gksaxsA
f{kfrt (dkO; [kaM) l nso (loS;k] dfoÙk)

l t;'kadj izlkn & vkRedF;
f{kfrt (x| [kaM) l L=kh&f'k{kk osQ fojks/h oqQrdks± dk [kaMu (egkohjizlkn f}osnh)
l laLÑfr (Hknar vkuan dkSlY;k;u)
Ñfrdk (iwjdiqLrd) l ,gh BS;k¡ >qyuh gsjkuh gks jkek! (f'koizlkn feJ ^#nz*)
l eSa D;ksa fy[krk gw¡\ (vKs;)
fu/kZfjr iqLrOkasQ %
1- f{kfrt] Hkkx&2] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] ubZ fnYyh }kjk izdkf'kr uohure laLdj.k
2- o`Qfrdk] Hkkx&2] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] ubZ fnYyh }kjk izdkf'kr uohure laLdj.k

ys[ku&dk;Z
1- vuqPNsn&ys[ku
(Hkko&iYyou)
[Paragraph-Writing]
Hkko&iYyou ;k vuqPNsn&ys[ku ,d dyk gSA fdlh fo"k; ls lacafèkr lHkh egÙoiw.kZ ckrksa dks de 'kCnksa esa
fy[kus osQ fy, cM+s cqf¼&dkS'ky dh vko';drk gSA vuqPNsn&ys[ku osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr egÙoiw.kZ ckrsa è;ku esa j[kuh
vko';d gSaμ
1- vuqPNsn&ys[ku ,d izdkj dh laf{kIr ys[ku&'kSyh gSA vr% blesa eq[; fo"k; ij gh osaQfær jguk pkfg,A
2- vuqPNsn&ys[ku esa mnkgj.k vFkok n`"Vkar osQ fy, dksbZ LFkku ugha gSA vko';drk gksus ij mldh vksj laosQr
dj nsuk gh i;kZIr gSA
3- vuqPNsn esa O;FkZ dh ckrsa mlosQ izHkko dks f'kfFky cukrh gSaA
4- vuqPNsn osQ lHkh okD;ksa dk ijLij ?kfu"B lacaèk gksuk pkfg,A
5- vuqPNsn esa bl ckr dh vksj fo'ks"k è;ku nsus dh vko';drk gS fd mldk izFke vkSj vafre okD; vFkZxfHkZr
rFkk izHkkoksRiknd gksuk pkfg,A
6- izFke okD; dh fof'k"Vrk blesa gS fd og vuqPNsn osQ lacaèk esa ikBd dk dkSrwgy tkxzr djus esa fdl lhek
rd leFkZ gSA vafre okD; dh fof'k"Vrk bl rF; ij fuHkZj djrh gS fd ikBd dh ftKklk fdl lhek rd 'kkar gqbZ gSA
7- vuqPNsn esa Hkk"kk dh 'kq¼rk rFkk 'kCnksa osQ p;u ij fo'ks"k :i ls è;ku nsuk visf{kr gSA eqgkojksa rFkk
yksdksfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx vuqPNsn dks 'kfDr iznku djrk gS rFkk HkkokfHkO;fDr dks izHkko'kkyh cuk nsrk gSA
8- vuqPNsn&ys[ku esa vuqHkwfr dh izèkkurk visf{kr gSA
9- vuqPNsn&ys[ku esa ijh{kkFkhZ dks bl ckr dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd og viuh ckr dks mrus gh 'kCnksa esa ck¡èkus
dk iz;Ru djs ftrus 'kCn iz'u&i=k esa dgs x, gSaA nks&pkj 'kCn de&vfèkd gksuk vkifÙktud ugha gksrkA
10- lkekU;r% 100 'kCnksa esa vuqPNsn fy[kk tkrk gSA
11- vc ijh{kk esa laosQr&¯cnqvksa osQ vkèkkj ij vuqPNsn&ys[ku djus dks dgk tkrk gSA vr% fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks
pkfg, fd igys os mu laosQr&¯cnqvksa osQ Hkko dks le>saA muesa lacaèk cuk,¡A eu&gh&eu ,d Øe vkSj y; cukus
osQ ckn mi;qZDr ckrksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj vuqPNsn fy[ksaA
I. ns'k&laLÑfr
1- esjs liuksa dk Hkkjr [Imp.]
fopkj&¯cnqμ Hkkjr osQ ckjs esa esjh dYiuk

l l mUur Hkkjr dh pkg l Hkz"Vkpkj&eqDr Hkkjr l lqfu;ksftr
Hkkjr llq[kh&le`¼ Hkkjr ,drk dk lapkj
l

2 xksYMu ¯gnhó (XA)
eSa Hkkjr dks fo'o dk 'kfDr'kkyh ns'k ns[kuk pkgrk gw¡A eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd esjk ns'k foKku] rduhd vkSj ijek.kq&'kfDr
ls laiUu gks_ vkus okys le; esa Hkkjr oaQI;wVj lkWÝVos;j dh rjg u,&u, mi;ksxh vkfo"dkjksa dk tUenkrk cusA [ksy osQ
{ks=k esa lfpu] jkgqy] fy,aMj isl vkfn us tks lEeku vftZr fd;k gS] og vkSj vkxs c<+sA eSa ,sls Hkkjr dk liuk ysrk
gw¡ tks Hkz"Vkpkj&eqDr gks] 'kks"k.k&eqDr gks vkSj ¯glk ls eqDr gksA eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd Hkkjr dk usr`Ro Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj ykylk
ls eqDr gksA esjs liuksa dk Hkkjr lqf'kf{kr Hkkjr gSA mlesa vui<+rk] fuj{kjrk] csjkstxkjh dk dksbZ LFkku ugha gSA eSa pkgrk
gw¡ fd gekjs ns'k osQ fu;kstd dy dh vko';drk osQ vuqlkj ,slh f'k{kk ykxw djsa ftlosQ ckn O;olk; ;k ukSdfj;k¡
lqjf{kr gksaA dksbZ Hkh O;fDr vf'kf{kr u gks vkSj dksbZ Hkh f'kf{kr csjkstxkj u gksA eSa lc Hkkjrokfl;ksa dks lq[kh vkSj le`¼
ns[kuk pkgrk gw¡A eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd Hkkjr lkaiznkf;d >xM+ksa ls nwj jgsA lcesa vkilh HkkbZpkjk gksA iwjk ns'k v[kaM cusA jk"Vªh;
,drk dk lapkj gksA Hkkjr ,d ckj iqu% ^lksus dh fpfM+;k* vkSj ^txr&xq#* dk lEeku izkIr djsA
2- jk"Vª osQ izfr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk drZO;
fopkj&¯cnqμ l lqjf{kr jk"Vª dh dkeuk l fo|kFkhZ dk drZO; l drZO;fu"Bk l ladVksa esa lgk;d
l jk"Vªizseh fo|kFkhZ
jk"Vª lHkh jk"Vªokfl;ksa dks tUe] vUu] èku&èkkU;] vkokl rFkk lqj{kk iznku djrk gSA blfy, izR;sd jk"Vªoklh dk
drZO; curk gS fd og jk"Vªfgr dk è;ku j[ksA jk"Vª lqjf{kr gksxk rks mlosQ fuoklh Hkh lqjf{kr gksaxsA ^fo|kFkhZ* dk dk;Z
^fo|k&vè;;u* djuk gSA mls f'k{kk osQ lkFk&lkFk ,slh fo|k Hkh xzg.k djuh pkfg,] ftlls jk"Vªh; Hkkoukvksa dk fodkl
gksA fo|ky;ksa esa ,u-,l-,l-] ,u-lh-lh-] LdkmV~l vkfn laLFkk,¡ bu Hkkoukvksa esa ;ksxnku nsus osQ fy, cuh gSaA Nk=kksa dks
buesa c<+&p<+dj Hkkx ysuk pkfg,A fo|kFkhZ dks ,d drZO;fu"B ukxfjd dh Hkk¡fr O;ogkj djuk pkfg,A tc ns'k ij fdlh
izdkj dk ladV gks] rks mls jk"Vªok.kh ls viuh ok.kh feyk nsuh pkfg,A jk"Vª osQ lkeus vusd izdkj osQ ladV vkrs gSaμdHkh
ck<+] dHkh lw[kk] dHkh ;q¼] dHkh egkekjh rks dHkh nq?kZVuk,¡A fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks izR;sd ladV esa dej dls rS;kj jguk pkfg,A
fdlh Hkh ns'k dh Økafr esa uo;qodksa dk egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gksrk gSA tks Nk=k i<+rs le; jk"Vª&fodkl dk LoIu viuh vk¡[kksa
esa Hkj ysxk] og ftl Hkh {ks=k esa tk,xk] ogha jk"Vªfgr dk dk;Z djsxkA
3- ns'k&izse
[CBSE 2015]
fopkj&¯cnqμ ns'k ls LokHkkfod yxko

l l ekr`Hkwfe êk¡* osQ leku l cfynku dh mPp Hkkouk l jk"Vªh;
,drk osQ fy, vko';d
ns'k&izse dk vFkZ gSμns'k osQ d.k&d.k ls izse gksuk] mlosQ isM+&ikSèks] iRFkj] tho&tarq vkSj lHkh ekuoksa ls izse gksukA
lPpk ns'k&izseh ogh gS tks Lons'k&fgr osQ fy, thrk gS vkSj vko';drk iM+us ij tku Hkh ns nsrk gSA tUeHkwfe LoxZ ls
Hkh egku gSA fcuk Lons'k osQ thou èkkj.k djuk gh dfBu gSA blhfy, ns'k dks ek¡ dh laKk nh tkrh gSA ftl izdkj gekjs
viuh ek¡ osQ izfr oqQN drZO; gksrs gSa] oSls gh vius ns'k osQ izfr Hkh oqQN nkf;Ro gksrs gSaA ns'k&izse dh Hkkouk cM+h mPp
Hkkouk gSA mlh Hkkouk ls izsfjr gksdj ns'kHkDr ns'k osQ fy, viuk loZLo U;ksNkoj dj nsrs gSaA Lora=krk&laxzke osQ le;
fdrus gh ns'k&HkDrksa us tsy dh ;kruk,¡ Hkksxha] g¡lrs&g¡lrs ykfB;k¡ [kkb±] fnu dk pSu vkSj jkr dh uhan x¡okbZ vkSj lg"kZ
iQk¡lh osQ r[rksa dks pwe fy;kA lalkj osQ vU; ns'kksa osQ bfrgkl Hkh ns'k&izse dh xkFkkvksa ls j¡xs iM+s gSaA ns'k&izse dh Hkkouk
jk"Vªh; ,drk osQ fy, ije vko';d gSA vkt ns'k tkfr] Hkk"kk] o.kZ] oxZ] izkar] ny vkfn osQ uke ij c¡Vk gqvk gSA ,sls
le; esa ns'kHkfDr dh Hkkouk bl lkjs ns'k dks ,dtqV dj ldrh gSA

vuqPNsn&ys[ku 3
4- jk"Vªh; ,drk dh vko';drk [Imp.]
fopkj&¯cnqμ mUufr osQ fy, ,drk vko';d

l fofoèkrkμHkkjr dh de”kksjh
l l Hkkjr dh ,drk osQ
rÙo ,drk cukus esa lkfgR; dh Hkwfedk
l turk dh tkx:drk vko';d
l
,drk esa dbZ [kwfc;k¡ gSaA ,drk ls lkjh 'kfDr;k¡ osaQfnzr gksrh gSa vkSj ,d 'kfDr&Ïksr dk tUe gksrk gSA ftl Hkh
{ks=k esa ,drk gksrh gS] og {ks=k rhoz xfr ls y{; izkIr djrk gSA vr% jk"Vªh; ,drk fdlh Hkh jk"Vª dh mUufr vkSj lqj{kk
osQ fy, vfuok;Z gSA Hkkjr esa vusd fofHkUurk,¡ gSaA os fofHkUurk,¡ bruh iz[kj gks xbZ gSa fd ,drk lekIr gks xbZ gSA dgha
mÙkj&nf{k.k dk Hksn gS] dgha xzkeh.k&'kgjh dk_ dgha vehj&xjhc dh [kkbZ gS rks dgha czkã.k&vczkã.k dh_ bUgha ls ns'k
esa vfLFkjrk vkrh gS vkSj jk"Vª detksj gksrk gSA Hkkjr dh laLo`Qfr ,d gSA blosQ egkiq#"k ,d gSaA mÙkj&nf{k.k&iwoZ&if'pe
dgha Hkh pys tk,¡μ,d gh izdkj osQ èkkfeZd&LFkku] ,d gh izdkj osQ yksx] ,d&ls fopkjksa osQ yksx feysaxsA lHkh dh Hkkjr
esa vkLFkk gSA ¯gnqLrku osQ lHkh rhFkZ lkjs ¯gnqLrku esa iSQys gq, gSaA ;s gekjh jk"Vªh; ,drk osQ izek.k gSaA ns'k dh fdlh Hkh
Hkk"kk ;k {ks=k dk lkfgR;dkj gks] og lkjs Hkkjr dh oanuk djrk gSA vkt Hkkjr dh igyh vko';drk gSμviuh bl ,drk
dks cuk, j[kus dhA ,drk ls gh ns'k dh mUufr vkSj 'kkafr cuh jg ldrh gSA
5- gekjs R;ksgkj vkSj mudk egÙo [Imp.]
fopkj&¯cnqμ Hkkjr mRloksa dk ns'k

l l n'kgjk l nhikoyh l gksyh l jk"Vªh; mRlo l bZn&
fØlel vU; mRlo
l
Hkkjr mRloksa dk ns'k gSA ;gk¡ ,sfrgkfld] lkekftd] ikSjkf.kd] èkkfeZd vkSj jktuhfrd mRlo cM+s èkweèkke ls euk,
tkrs gSaA Hkkjr osQ lcls izfl¼ vkSj yksdfiz; R;ksgkj gSaμn'kgjk] nhikoyh] gksyh] Lora=krk&fnol vkSj x.kra=k&fnolA n'kgjk
jko.k ij jke dh fot; osQ vkuan esa euk;k tkrk gSA bl fnu jke us jko.k dk lagkj fd;k FkkA vr% bl fnu ¯gnqvksa esa
jko.k dk iqryk cukdj tyk;k tkrk gSA n'kgjs osQ Bhd chl fnu ckn nhikoyh vkrh gSA bl jkr yksx vius&vius
?kjksa&nqdkuksa&cktkjksa dks jks'kuh ls txexkrs gSaA cPps vkfr'kckth dk [ksy djrs gSaA bl volj ij yksx vius ?kjksa dks
lkiQ&LoPN djrs gSaA gksyh ¯gnqvksa dk vfr eLr mRlo gSA bl fnu jaxksa dh o"kkZ djosQ vkuan euk;k tkrk gSA
Lora=krk&fnol vkSj x.kra=k&fnol gekjs ns'k dh eqfDr osQ mRlo gSaA bu voljksa ij ljdkjh dk;kZy;ksa ij jk"Vªh; èot
iQgjk, tkrs gSaA fofHkUu lkaLo`Qfrd dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd, tkrs gSaA bZn vkSj eqgjZe eqlyekuksa osQ èkkfeZd R;ksgkj gSaA bZn
vkRe'kqf¼ vkSj cfynku&Hkkouk dh izrhd gSA bZlkbZ yksx bZlk&elhg osQ cfynku&mRlo dks cM+s èkweèkke ls eukrs gSaA buosQ
vfrfjDr Hkh Hkkjr esa vusd R;ksgkj euk, tkrs gSaA
6- x.kra=k&fnol (26 tuojh)

[CBSE 2015]
fopkj&¯cnqμ lx.kra=k fnol dk egÙo l ljdkjh dk;ZØe l jktèkkuh esa dk;ZØe l ijsM dk HkO;
n`'; jk"Vªh; Hkkouk dk lapkj
l
x.kra=k&fnol Hkkjr dk lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ jk"Vªh; ioZ gSA bl fnu Hkkjr dk lafoèkku ykxw gqvk FkkA 26 tuojh
dk fnu lewps Hkkjro"kZ esa cM+s mRlkg rFkk g"kksZYykl ls euk;k tkrk gSA lewps ns'k esa vusdkusd dk;ZØeksa dk vk;kstu
fd;k tkrk gSA izns'kkssa dh ljdkjsa ljdkjh Lrj ij viuh&viuh jktèkkfu;ksa esa rFkk ftyk Lrj ij jk"Vªh; èot iQgjkus rFkk
vU; vusd dk;ZØeksa dk vk;kstu djrh gSaA jktèkkuh fnYyh esa bl jk"Vªh; ioZ osQ fy, fo'ks"k lekjksg vk;ksftr fd;k

tkrk gSA ubZ fnYyh osQ fot; pkSd ls izkr% ijsM dk izkjaHk gksrk gSA bafM;k xsV osQ fudV jk"Vªifr jk"Vªh; èkqu osQ lkFk èotkjksg.k
djrs gSaA mUgsa rksiksa dh lykeh nh tkrh gSA gokbZ tgk”kksa }kjk iq"i&o"kkZ dh tkrh gSA lSfudksa dk lhuk rku dj viuh
lkiQ&lqFkjh os'k&Hkw"kk esa dne&ls&dne feykdj pyus dk n`'; cM+k euksgkjh gksrk gSA bl HkO; n`'; dks ns[kdj eu esa
jk"Vª&HkfDr rFkk mRlkg dk lapkj gksus yxrk gSA fefyVªh rFkk LowQyksa osQ vusd cSMa lkjs okrkoj.k dks ns'k&HkfDr rFkk jk"Vª&izes
dh Hkkouk ls xqatk;eku dj nsrs gSaA fofHkUu >k¡fd;ksa dh dyk rFkk 'kksHkk dks ns[kdj n'kZd ea=keqXèk gks tkrs gSaA ;g ioZ vrho
izsj.kknk;h gksrk gSA
7- xk¡oksa dk ns'k Hkkjr
fopkj&¯cnqμ Hkkjrekrk xzkeokfluh

l l n;uh; n'kk l vHkkoksa ls xzLr xk¡o l fuèkZurk dk dkj.k
l lekèkku lvk'kk dh fdj.k
Hkkjr dh vfèkdka'k turk xk¡oksa esa fuokl djrh gSA iar th us viuh dfork esa Hkkjrekrk dks xzkeokfluh dgk gSA
nqHkkZX; ls Hkkjr osQ xk¡oksa dh fLFkfr n;uh; cuh gqbZ gSA gekjs jktusrkvksa us vkt rd xk¡oksa osQ fodkl osQ fy, xaHkhj iz;kl
ugha fd,A Hkkjr osQ xk¡oksa esa vHkko&gh&vHkko gSaA u ogk¡ iDosQ ekxZ gSa] u ihus dk ty gS vkSj u vkèkqfud lqfoèkk,¡A f'k{kk]
fpfdRlk] ck”kkj tSlh ewyHkwr lqfoèkk,¡ Hkh unkjn gSaA ifj.kkeLo:i xk¡oksa esa jguk vkuan dk fo"k; ugha] cfYd ,d
foo'krk gks xbZ gSA xk¡oksa esa jkstxkj dk vHkko gSA vkt dh vkS|ksfxd lH;rk 'kgjksa ij vkfJr gSA 'kgjksa esa cM+s&cM+s
dk;kZy;] m|ksx vkSj èkaèks osaQfnzr gSaA ;gk¡ rd fd o`Qf"k osQ fy, mi;ksxh cht] ;a=k] [kkn] nokbZ vkfn osQ fy, Hkh 'kgjksa
ij fuHkZj jguk iM+rk gSA iz'u ;g gS fd xk¡o lpeqp esa LoxZ oSQls cusa\ bldk ,d gh mÙkj gSμfodkl dh èkqjh xk¡oksa
dks cuk;k tk,A xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa cM+s&cM+s fpfdRlky;] euksjatu&LFky] Js"B fo|ky;] le`¼ ckT+kkj vkSj m|ksx [kksys tk,¡A
xzkeh.k yksxksa dks tUe] f'k{kk] fpfdRlk rFkk vkthfodk dh lqfoèkk,¡ xk¡oksa esa gh miyCèk djkbZ tk,¡A rHkh gekjk ns'k iqu%
lksus dh fpfM+;k cuus dh fn'kk esa vxzlj gks losQxkA
8- Hkkjrh; lekt esa ukjh dk LFkku
fopkj&¯cnqμ l J¼ke;h ukjh l iq#"k dh lg;ksfxuh l eè;dky dh ukjh l orZeku izxr ukjh
Hkkjr dh ukjh n;k] eerk] eèkqjrk vkSj xgjs fo'okl ls ;qDr gSA mldk ân; lqanj xq.kksa dk [ktkuk gSA og LoHkko
ls gh nsoh gSA fdlh us dgk gSμ^ftl ns'k esa ukjh dh iwtk gksrh gS] ogk¡ nsork fuokl djrs gSaA* vkt Hkkjr dh ukjh izxfr
dh nkSM+ esa iq#"k osQ lkFk oaQèks&ls&oaQèkk feykdj xfr dj jgh gSA og iqjkuh ukjh osQ leku ^ykt dh xqfM+;k* ugha] cfYd
iq#"k dh lg;ksfxuh] thoulafxuh vkSj lgèkfeZ.kh gSA og ?kj vkSj lekt osQ fy, leiZ.k djus dks m|r jgrh gSA nqHkkZX;
ls eè;dky esa ukjh dk :i foo`Qr gks x;kA mls HkksX;k osQ :i esa ns[kk x;kA iq#"k osQ iki osQ dkj.k mls insZ esa fNiuk
iM+k] ?kj dh pkjnhokjh esa can gksuk iM+kA iq#"k osQ euekus vR;kpkjksa osQ dkj.k mls f'k{kk ls oafpr gksuk iM+kA blfy,
og thou dh nkSM+ esa fiNM+ xbZA orZeku dky esa Hkkjrh; ukjh lHkh {ks=kksa esa iq#"k dks pqukSrh ns jgh gSA fpfdRlk] f'k{kk
vkSj lsok esa mldk dksbZ lkuh ughaA iz'kklu vkSj iqfyl tSls dBksj deks± esa Hkh mlus viuh Js"Brk fl¼ dj nh gSA og
oqQ'ky ok;q;ku&pkfydk] lSfud] oDrk] izoDrk vkSj esèkkoh O;kolkf;dk Hkh fl¼ gks pqdh gSA mlus Lo;a deZoqQ'kyrk
ls vius fy, lEeku vftZr dj fy;k gSA

vuqPNsn&ys[ku 5
9- Hkkjr dh N% Írq,¡ [Imp.]
fopkj&¯cnqμ Hkkjr dk "kM~½rq&pØ

l ½rqjkt olarl l rirk xzh"e l fjef>e djrh o"kkZ½rq
l lqgkuh 'kjn~ lh&lh djrk gsear
l f'kf'kj vFkkZr~ ir>M+
l
Hkkjro"kZ "kM~Írqvksa dk ns'k gSA olar Írqjkt ekuk tkrk gSA bl Írq esa u BaM gksrh gS] u xehZ] cfYd ,d xquxquh
eèkqjrk lkjs okrkoj.k ij NkbZ jgrh gSA èkjrh LoPNrk] gfj;kyh vkSj iwQyksa dh pVd rFkk egd ls ugk mBrh gSA gksyh
vkSj olar iapeh tSls eLr R;ksgkj blh dky esa euk, tkrs gSaA vxys nks ekl xzh"e osQ gksrs gSaA lkjh i`Foh mtyh lisQn
èkwi esa èkw&èkw djosQ tyrh gSA bl dky esa lc izk.kh ikuh vkSj Nk;k dh ryk'k esa jgrs gSaA xzh"e osQ ckn vkrk gSμfjef>e
djrk o"kkZdkyA èkjrh dh tyu 'kkar gksrh gSA unh&ukyksa esa ikuh meM+us yxrk gSA o`{kksa osQ iÙks gjs gks tkrs gSaA o"kkZ osQ
ckn 'kjn~ ½rq vkrh gSA ;g dky Hkh olar dh Hkk¡fr fiz; vkSj eèkqj gksrk gSA blesa ekSle lqgkouk vkSj lkiQ&LoPN gksrk
gSA 'kjn~ osQ ckn gsear osQ fBBqjrs ekl vkrs gSaμekxZ'kh"kZ vkSj ikS"kA bl dky esa Hkkjr esa dM+kosQ dh lnhZ iM+rh gSA gsear
lekIr gksus ij ir>M+ vkjaHk gksrh gSA blesa o`{kksa osQ iqjkus iÙks >M+rs gSaA BaM fonk gksrh gSA bl izdkj Hkkjr esa "kM~Írqvksa
dk ;g pØ gj lky viuh jaxhfu;k¡ fc[ksjrk gqvk gj lky vkrk gSA
10- 'kgjh thou

[CBSE 2014]
fopkj&¯cnqμ l ok;q&iznw"k.k l ;krk;kr&vlqfoèkk,¡ l la?k"kZiw.kZ
t;'kadj izlkn us 'kgjh thou ij fVIi.kh djrs gq, fy[kk gSμ

;gk¡ lrr la?k"kZ foiQyrk] dksykgy dk ;gk¡ jkt gSA
vaèkdkj esa nkSM+ yx jgh] erokyk ;g lc lekt gSAA
'kgjh thou dh ;kn vkrs gh 'kksj] gypy vkSj i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k dk vglkl gksus yxrk gSA xk¡o dh rqyuk esa 'kgjksa
dh ok;q cgqr gh nqx±èk;qDr gksrh gSA NksVs&NksVs dejksa esa ?kqlsa rks ?kqel vkSj xehZ lrkrh gS vkSj ckgj lM+d ij vk,¡ rks
èkwy vkSj iSVªksy ls Hkjk >ksadk ukd dks can dj nsrk gSA cMs+ 'kgjksa esa ;krk;kr dh leL;k cgqr dfBu gks xbZ gSA ?kj vkSj
dk;kZy; nwj&nwj gSa vkSj ogk¡ vkus&tkus osQ lkèku lhfer gSaA ifj.kkeLo:i ;k rks HkhM+HkkM+ esa yFkiFk gksuk iM+rk gS] ;k
Hk;adj vlqfoèkk dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA 'kgjksa esa iy&iy esa la?k"kZ gSaA ;gk¡ rd fd lM+d vkSj pkSjkgk ikj djus esa
[krjk eglwl gksrk gSA lkoèkkuh gVh ugha fd nq?kZVuk ?kVhA 'kgj esa nq?kZVuk ;k ekSr Hkh gks tk, rks dksbZ ,d&nwljs dks tkuus
okyk ugha gksrkA ;fn xyrh ls dksbZ vutku O;fDr ?kj dk jkLrk Hkwy tk, rks ?kj okil igq¡puk eqf'dy gks tkrk gSA
II. leL;k&lacaèkh
11- tho&tarq vkSj ekuo

[CBSE 2015]
fopkj&¯cnqμ l lgt lacaèk l mi;ksfxrk l lq>ko
tho&tarq vkSj ekuo esa vR;ar fudV dk lacaèk gSA okLro esa nksuksa ewyr% ,d gSaA nksuksa tho gSaA nksuksa esa thou gSA
oqQN yksx ;g Hkh ekurs gSa fd euq"; ewyr% i'kq gSA vaxzsth dh ,d dgkor cgqr izfl¼ gS&eSu b”k , lks'ky ,fueyA

euq"; ,d lkekftd izk.kh ¹tarq@i'kqº gSA euq"; esa i'kq gksus osQ lc rÙo gSaA og i'kq ls mQij mBdj oqQN vkSj xq.kksa ls
laiUu gSA blfy, og lHkh izkf.k;ksa esa loZJs"B dgk tkrk gSA tc ;g lR; gS fd euq"; vkSj tarq ewyr% ,d gSa rks muesa
,d lgt lacaèk LFkkfir gks tkrk gSA nksuksa ,d&nwljs osQ fy, vfuok;Z gks tkrs gSaA nksuksa dks ,d&nwljs osQ fy, mi;ksxh
dguk lacaèkksa dk vieku djuk gSA ;fn mi;ksxh dks vPNs vFkZ esa fy;k tk, rks ge dg ldrs gSa fd nksuksa ,d&nwljs
osQ fy, cgqr mi;ksxh gSaA vr% euq"; dks pkfg, fd og vU; tho&tarqvksa dks vius ls rqPN ;k vèke u ekus vfirq mUgsa
bZ'oj dh bl l`f"V dk ,d vko';d vax ekus rFkk mudh j{kk vkSj lqfoèkk osQ fy, Hkh iz;Ru djsA
12- la;qDr ifjokj

[CBSE 2015]
fopkj&¯cnqμ l la;qDr ifjokj dk vFkZ l lacaèkksa esa iM+rh njkj l tksM+us ls ykHk
la;qDr ifjokj dk vFkZ gSμ ekrk&firk] nknk&nknh vkSj ijnknk&ijnknh dk ,d lkFk ,d ikfjokfjd bdkbZ osQ :i
esa thou&;kiu djukA igys euq"; vius oqQucs&Vksys esa ,d lkFk jgus dk vknh FkkA lcosQ lq[k&nq[k lk¡>s FksA ifjokj
dk eqf[k;k tSlk pkgrk Fkk] iwjs oqQucs osQ lnL; mldh bPNk dk ikyu djrs FksA ijarq Hkxoku us lHkh izkf.k;ksa dks vyx
cuk;k gSA lcdh vyx bPNk vkSj #fp gksrh gSA bl dkj.k la;qDr ifjokj esa VdjkgV Hkh gksrh FkhA ;g VdjkgV vyxko
vkSj njkj dk dkj.k cuus yxhA vr% la;qDr ifjokj VwVus yxsA xk¡o ls 'kgj esa vkus dh izfØ;k osQ dkj.k Hkh la;qDr ifjokj
VwVsA dke&èkaèks vyx gksus osQ dkj.k Hkh la;qDr ifjokjksa esa VwVu vkus yxhA vkt fLFkfr ;g gS fd izk;% uxjksa esa yksx vyx
,dkar ifjokjksa esa jguk ilan djrs gaSA ekrk&firk vkSj vfookfgr cPps gh ifjokj dh ifjHkk"kk esa vkus yxs gSaA fookfgr
gksrs gh cPps vyx gks tkrs gSaA blosQ dkj.k euq"; vyx vkSj vosQyk gks x;k gSA mlesa ls thouh&'kfDr xk;c gksus yxh
gSA ;fn gesa viuh thouh&'kfDr dks cuk, j[kuk gS rks pkgs&vupkgs la;qDr ifjokjksa dks fiQj ls tksM+uk gksxkA bdV~Bs jgdj
Hkh ,dkar thou osQ lq[k dks Lohdkj djuk gksxkA ;g dfBu ysfdu loksZÙke mik; gSA
13- cqtqxks± dh leL;k

[CBSE 2016]
laosQr ¯cnqμ l leL;k D;k gS l cqtqxZ gekjs ekxZn'kZd l cqtqxks± osQ izfr gekjk drZO;A
cqtqxZ ?kj osQ cM+s&cw<s+ dks dgrs gSaA dgus dks ogh ?kj osQ cM+s gksrs gSa ¯drq okLrfodrk ;g gS fd mUgsa ?kj esa dksbZ
iwNrk ughaA tc rd cqtqxZ dekrs gSa rc rd mudh [kwc pyrh gSA tSls gh os fjVk;j gks tkrs gSa] os iQkyrw le> fy,
tkrs gSaA ?kj dk gj lnL; muls vius iQkyrw dke djokuk pkgrk gSA os Hkwy tkrs gSa fd ?kj dk cqtqxZ ,d lEekfur lnL;
gSA mUgsa ?kj dk eqf[k;k ekuk tkrk gSA fiQj muls NksVs&eksVs dke djokuk vkSj muosQ dkeksa esa ehues[k fudkyuk cqtqxks± dks
fdruk cqjk yxrk gSA okLro esa cqtqxZ ?kj osQ lEekfur vkSj fiz; lnL; osQ :i esa jguk pkgrs gSaA ¯drq mUgsa ;s nksuksa phtsa
cgqr dfBukbZ ls feyrh gSaA dbZ ckj rks ?kj dh cgq,¡ mUgsa lEeku ls jksVh Hkh ugha ijkslrhaA rc mudh leL;k cgqr gh
'kkspuh; gks tkrh gSA okLro esa cqtqxZ ?kj osQ ekxZn'kZd gksrs gSaA os thou dk vuqHko ys pqosQ gksrs gSaA mudk dke mu
vuqHkoksa osQ vkèkkj ij cPpksa dks jkLrk fn[kkuk gksrk gS u fd ml jkLrs ij HkkxnkSM+ djukA HkkxnkSM+ dh mudh mej fudy
pqdh gksrh gSA ;g tkudj gesa cqtqxks± osQ izfr lEeku vkSj lsok dk Hkko j[kuk pkfg,A mudh lsok djuk vkSj mUgsa vkjke
igq¡pkuk gh gekjk drZO; gksuk pkfg,A

vuqPNsn&ys[ku 7
14- lk{kjrkμmUufr dk ekxZ

[CBSE 2016]
laosQr ¯cnqμ l f'{kk dk egÙo l fodkl dk lkèku l loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku
f'k{kk vkSj lk{kjrk dk pksyh vkSj nkeu dk lacaèk gSA igys f'k{kk lquus vkSj dgus dh pht FkhA blfy, mls Jqfr
dgrs FksA vktdy f'k{kk i<+us vkSj fy[kus ls feyrh gSA blfy, mls i<+kbZ dgk tkrk gSA i<+kbZ osQ fy, vko';d gS fd
euq"; dks v{kj&Kku gksA v{kj&Kku ls euq"; iqLrosaQ] i=k&if=kdk,¡ vkSj èkk£ed xzaFk i<+dj Hkh fo}ku vkSj f'kf{kr gks
ldrk gSA i=kkpkj osQ ekè;e ls pyus okyh lkjh f'k{kk lk{kjrk ls gh pyrh gSA vkt ftruk Hkh fodkl gks jgk gS] og
f'k{kk osQ ekè;e ls gks jgk gSA f'k{kk osQ fcuk euq"; iqLrosaQ rks D;k i<+sxk] og vkus&tkus osQ fy, fy[ks gq, ekxZ&fpÉ
Hkh ugha i<+ ldrkA mls jkLrs esa ;g Hkh irk ugha pyrk fd og fdl LFkku vkSj ekxZ ls xqtj jgk gSA vkt gj cM+s dk;Z
esa dkxth dk;Zokgh gksrh gSA mlesa fy[kh gqbZ 'krs± i<+uh gksrh gSaA vui<+ vkneh dks èkks[kk nsuk cgqr vklku gksrk gSA ns[kus
esa vkrk gS fd vui<+ksa dks yksx vklkuh ls csoowQiQ cuk tkrs gSaA cSad esa iSls fudyokus gksa] rks nwljksa ij fuHkZj gksuk iM+rk
gSA bl lc dfBukbZ ls cpus dk loksZÙke mik; ;g gS fd Lo;a lk{kj gqvk tk,A vktdy loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku pyk;k
tk jgk gSA mlesa c<+p<+ dj lg;ksx djuk pkfg,A gesa vius vkl&ikl osQ fuj{kjksa dks izsfjr djosQ lk{kj cukuk pkfg,A
15- gekjh ou&laink [Imp.]

[CBSE]
fopkj&¯cnqμ l ou izo`Qfr dh nsu l ouksa ls gekjh nwjh l ou i;kZoj.k dks larqfyr djrs gSa l orZeku
;qx dk ouksa ij izHkko
izo`Qfr thounkf;uh gSA izo`Qfr esa Hkh o`{kksa vkSj ouksa dk cgqr egÙo gSA ou gesa o"kkZ nsrs gSa] izko`Qfrd inkFkZ nsrs
gSa] ydM+h&dks;yk] xksan] dkxt vkfn nsrs gSa] gekjh i'kqjkf'k dks lqjf{kr djrs gSaA ouksa ls èkjrh dk dVuk lekIr gksrk
gS] ck<+sa #drh gSa rFkk Hkwfe dh mitkmQ 'kfDr cuh jgrh gSA ou gj izdkj ls ekuo&thou dk laj{k.k djrs gSaA oukas dk
lcls egÙoiw.kZ dk;Z gSμo"kkZ ykuk] ck<+ jksduk vkSj okrkoj.k dks 'kq¼ djukA o`{k ty osQ osx dks jksddj ck<+&fu;a=k.k
djrs gSaA ou Hkwfe dks e#LFky cuus ls jksdrs gSaA os ueh dks lks[kdj èkjrh dh fupyh ijr rd igq¡pk nsrs gSa ftlls Hkwfe
dh mitkmQ 'kfDr Hkh cuh jgrh gSA ouksa osQ vHkko esa èkjrh osQ mQlj cuus dk [krjk cuk jgrk gSA ou vR;fèkd ek=kk
esa vkWDlhtu NksM+rs gSaA blh vkWDlhtu osQ }kjk gekjk thou pyrk gSA izk.k&ok;q osQ Ïksr ou gh gSaA vkt uxjksa esa tks
c<+rs gq, iznw"k.k dh fLFkfr gS] og ouksa dks jksius ls gh Bhd gks ldrh gSA ouksa esa gekjh i'kq&jkf'k Hkh lqjf{kr jgrh gSA
;fn ;s ou u gksa rks u tkus fdrus gh thoksa dh tkfr;k¡ lekIr gks tk,¡A ;s lPps thounk;d gSaA
16- iznw"k.k dh leL;k [Imp.]

¹CBSEº
fopkj&¯cnqμ l Hkwfedk l fodV leL;k l dkj.k l fuokj.k
iznw"k.k dk vFkZ gSμizkÑfrd larqyu esa nks"k iSnk gksukA iznw"k.k osQ eq[; izdkj gSaμok;q&iznw"k.k] ty&iznw"k.k vkSj
èofu&iznw"k.kA egkuxjksa esa ok;q&iznw"k.k vfèkd iSQyk gqvk gSA ogk¡ pkSchlksa ?kaVs dy&dkj[kkuksa dk èkqvk¡] eksVj&okguksa dk
dkyk èkqvk¡ bl rjg iSQy x;k gS fd LoLFk ok;q esa lk¡l ysuk nwHkj gks x;k gSA ;g leL;k ogk¡ vfèkd gksrh gS tgk¡ l?ku
vkcknh gksrh gS] o`{kksa dk vHkko gksrk gS vkSj okrkoj.k rax gksrk gSA dy&dkj[kkuksa dk nwf"kr ty unh&ukyksa esa feydj

Hk;adj ty&iznw"k.k iSnk djrk gSA vktdy dy&dkj[kkuksa dk 'kksj] ;krk;kr dk 'kksj] ykmMLihdjksa dh d.kZHksnd èofu
us cgjsiu vkSj ruko dks tUe fn;k gSA mi;qZDr iznw"k.kksa osQ dkj.k ekuo osQ LoLFk thou dks [krjk iSnk gks x;k gSA blosQ
dkj.k u le; ij o"kkZ vkrh gS] u lnhZ&xehZ dk pØ Bhd pyrk gSA lw[kk] ck<+] vksyk vkfn izkÑfrd izdksiksa dk dkj.k
Hkh iznw"k.k gSA iznw"k.k dks c<+kus esa dy&dkj[kkus] oSKkfud lkèkuksa dk vfèkdkfèkd mi;ksx] izkÑfrd larqyu dk fcxM+uk]
o`{kksa dk vaèkkèkqaèk dVuk vkfn nks"kh gSaA bl leL;k dk lekèkku ;g gS fd vfèkdkfèkd o`{k yxk, tk,¡A vkcknh okys {ks=k
[kqys gksa] goknkj gksa] gfj;kyh ls vksrizksr gksaA
17- c<+rh tula[;k dh leL;k

¹CBSE 2014º
fopkj&¯cnqμ l tula[;k&o`f¼ ,d Hk;kog leL;k l ifj.kke l dkj.k vkSj lekèkku
ifjokj&fu;kstu dk rkRi;Z gSμifjokj dks lhfer j[kukA Hkkjro"kZ esa ,d vjc 30 djksM+ tula[;k igys ls gh
ekStwn gS vkSj izfro"kZ blesa lok djksM+ dh o`f¼ gksrh pyh tkrh gSA c<+rh gqbZ tula[;k Hkkjr osQ fy, lcls cM+k [krjk
blfy, gS D;ksafd Hkkjr osQ ikl bl c<+rh gqbZ vkcknh dks f[kykus&fiykus] dke nsus vkSj clkus dh lqfoèkk,¡ ugha gSaA Hkkjr
dh vkcknh fo'o dh oqQy vkcknh dk 16» gS] tcfd mlosQ ikl fo'o dh oqQy Hkwfe dk 2» gh Hkwfe gSA nwljh leL;k
;g gS fd ns'k esa [kk|kUu 4 $ 4 ¾ 8 dh nj ls c<+rs gSa rks tula[;k 4 × 4 = 16 dh nj ls c<+rh gSA Hkwfe ij fuR;
vHkko] xjhch vkSj Hkw[k dk ncko c<+rk pyk tkrk gSA vkthfodk osQ lkèkuksa dk Hkh ;gh gky gSA tula[;k&o`f¼ dk lcls
cM+k dkj.k gSμtUe&nj esa o`f¼ vkSj e`R;q&nj esa dehA 'kgjh yksx ifjokj&fu;kstu osQ egÙo dks le>us yxs gSa ¯drq xzkeksa
vkSj fiNM+s {ks=kksa esa yksx vHkh Hkh vaèkkèkqaèk larku mRiUu djus esa yxs gq, gSaA vkt] ,d&,d u;k cPpk ns'k ij Hkkjh iM+
jgk gSA vr% gesa vf'kf{kr yksxksa esa tkdj mUgsa lhfer ifjokj dk lq[k le>kuk gksxkA
18- Hkz"Vkpkj % ,d leL;k
fopkj&¯cnqμ l vFkZ vkSj izlkj lrjg&rjg osQ Hkz"Vkpkj l iz'kklu esa Hkz"Vkpkj l ukSdj'kkgh esa
Hkz"Vkpkj l Hkz"Vkpkj D;ksa iuirk gS l lekèkku
Hkz"Vkpkj dk rkRi;Z gSμHkz"V O;ogkj ;k vuSfrd O;ogkjA nqHkkZX; ls vkt Hkkjro"kZ Hkz"Vkpkj dk vîók cu x;k gSA
thou dk dksbZ ,slk {ks=k ugha jg x;k gS] ftlesa bZekunkjh ls dk;Z gksrk gksA vkt fo|ky; esa izos'k ikus dk ekeyk gks
;k ukSdjh feyus dkμlc txg Hkz"Vkpkj O;kIr gSA ljdkjh dk;kZy;ksa esa rks pDdk rHkh ?kwerk gS] tc mlesa ?kwl dk isVªksy
Mkyk tkrk gSA iqfyl osQ Hkz"Vkpkj dk rks dguk gh D;k\ tc vijkèkh fudy tkrk gS] rc iqfyl gok eas MaMs pykrh gqbZ
vkrh gS vkSj xjhc csdlwjksa dks idM+ dj ys tkrh gSA bl ns'k dk lcls cM+k Hkz"Vkpkjh gS jktusrk] ftlus ns'k dks os';k
ck”kkj cukdj j[k fn;k gSA Hkkjr esa Hkz"Vkpkj blfy, iuirk gS] D;ksafd ;gk¡ dk usrk Lo;a Hkz"V gSA blfy, og Hkz"V yksxksa
osQ fo#¼ dM+h dk;Zokgh ugha djrkA ;gk¡ dh U;k;&iz.kkyh Hkh Hkz"Vkpkj dh yisV esa vk xbZ gSA Hkkjr dk izsl vHkh iwjh
rjg l'kDr vkSj tkx:d ugha gSA Hkz"Vkpkj rHkh nwj gks ldrk gS] tcfd fdlh l'kDr lewg osQ ikl mldk inkZiQk'k djus
dk n`<+&ladYi gksA ;g rHkh laHko gS] tcfd Hkkjr osQ f'k{kd] lkfgR;dkj] i=kdkj] dfo] dykdkj ,dtqV gksdj ns'k
osQ uo;qodksa esa vkpj.k dh 'kq¼rk osQ laLdkj Hkjsa vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj osQ fo#¼ yM+kbZ NsM+ nsaA

vuqPNsn&ys[ku 9
19- cspkjk cpiu

[CBSE 2012]
fopkj&¯cnqμ fleVrs ifjokj

l l cPpksa dk ,dkdhiu l ekrk&firk dh O;Lrrk
euq"; osQ thou dk lcls lqgkuk le; gS cpiuA ;g og le; gS tc ifjokj osQ lHkh lnL; cPps dks ikyrs gSa]
ikslrs gSa vkSj lhaprs gSaA cPpk lcdh Ñik vkSj Lusg ikdj iQyrk&iwQyrk gSA blfy, og eLrh esa thrk gSA mls fdlh
izdkj dh fpark ugha lrkrhA rHkh lHkh dks cpiu osQ fnu cgqr lqgkus yxrs gSaA vkt nqHkkZX; ls ifjokj [kafMr gksrs tk
jgs gSaA igys la;qDr ifjokj FksA vc ,dy ifjokj gSaA mueas Hkh HkkxknkSM+h gSA ?kj osQ lHkh lnL; viuh&viuh izxfr esa
yhu gSaA bl vkikèkkih dh lcls cM+h dher pqdk jgs gSa cPpsA igys rks mUgsa nqfu;k esa vkus ls jksdk tkrk gSA vk tk,¡]
rks mu ij Hkh Hkfo"; esa oqQN cuus dh fpark,¡ lokj dj nh tkrh gSaA lHkh ekrk,¡ vius cPpksa dks ^,* ,Iiy jVkus dh
vksj è;ku ns jgh gSaA os mUgsa [ksyrs gq, ;k eLrh djrs gq, ns[krh gSa rks mUgsa yxrk gS fd cPpk viuk le; cckZn dj
jgk gSA ekrk&firk cPpksa dks ,dkaroklh] dfj;j&izseh vkSj le>nkj cukus esa rYyhu gSA blfy, os vosQys iM+ x, gSaA
ekrk&firk dks viuh O;Lr ¯”knxh esa bruh iqQlZr ugha gS fd os muosQ lkFk g¡lh&[ksy dj losaQA blfy, cPpk viuh [kq'kh
dks ckgj osQ nksLrksa esa <w¡<+rk gSA ijarq nksLr Hkh vius Hkfo"; osQ Hkkj ls ncs gSaA tc nks dfj;fjLV cPps vkil esa feyrs
gSa rks yxrk gS tSls nks cqtqxZ viuh tk;nkn dh ns[kjs[k esa tqVs gSaA muesa u os fdydkfj;k¡ gSa] u ekSt&eLrhA nqHkkZX; gS
;g vkt dk thouA
20- vkj{k.k % fdruk mfpr] fdruk vuqfpr

[CBSE 2012]
fopkj&¯cnqμ l vkj{k.k D;ksa l vkj{k.k dh lqfoèkk,¡ l cnyh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ l leku vfèkdkj
vkj{k.k vleku lekt dh mit gSA tc lekt esa vlekurk cgqr vfèkd c<+ tkrh gS rks ekuork phRdkj dj
mBrh gSA nfyr] oafpr vkSj lkèkughu yksx vius vfèkdkjksa osQ fy, fpYyk mBrs gSaA Hkkjr esa f'k{kk rFkk ukSdfj;ksa esa vusd
nfyrksa vkSj tutkfr;ksa dks vkj{k.k fn;k x;kA tks tkfr;k¡ fcYoqQy vui<+ jg xb±] ukSdfj;ksa ls oafpr jg xb±] muosQ fy,
i<+kbZ vkSj ukSdfj;ksa esa vkj{k.k fn;k x;kA cM+s&ls&cM+s bathfu;fjax vkSj eSfMdy dkWyst esa oqQN tkfr;ksa dks vkj{k.k fn;k
x;kA blls ykHk ;g gqvk fd oqQN nfyr&oafpr yksx i<+ fy[kdj lEekfur thou thus yxsA mlosQ ckn mUgsa ukSdfj;ksa
esa Hkh vkj{k.k feyus yxkA ckr ;gha rd ugha #dhA izksUufr;ksa esa Hkh vkj{k.k dh ek¡x mBus yxh vkSj nh tkus yxhA
èkhjs&èkhjs fLFkfr ;gk¡ rd vk xbZ fd vkj{k.k dh eykbZ dks pkVus osQ fy, vU; tkfr;k¡ 'kksj epkus yxhaA oksV jktuhfr
osQ dkj.k gj tkfr vkj{k.k dh ek¡x djus yxh vkSj gj tkfr dks vkj{k.k feyus Hkh yxkA ;gk¡ rd fd ncax vkSj
'kfDr'kkyh tkfr;k¡ Hkh vkj{k.k dh gdnkj cu xb±A ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd vkj{k.k vius y{; ls gh HkVd x;kA igys
ftu ij vU;k; gksrk Fkk] vc os vU;k; djus yxhaA leku vfèkdkj dh ckrsa ihNs NwV xb± vkSj oksV jktuhfr izeq[k gks
xbZA okLro esa vkj{k.k dk vkèkkj ,d gh gksuk pkfg,μxjhch vkSj fiNM+kiuA ;fn blh vkèkkj ij vkj{k.k fn;k tk, rks
;g ojnku gS ojuk vfHk'kkiA
21- cky e”knwj

[CBSE 2012]
fopkj&¯cnqμ vlqjf{kr vkSj vlgk; cPps

l l ikih isV dk loky l lekèkku

dksbZ ckyd LosPNk ls e”knwj ugha curkA mldh e”kcwjh gh mlls e”knwjh djokrh gSA ftu cPpksa osQ ek¡&cki xjhc
gksrs gSa_ chekj] vleFkZ ;k vlgk; gksrs gSa_ ;k tks cPps vukFk gksrs gSa] os gh isV ikyus osQ fy, Lo;a dks rS;kj djrs gSaA
dkuwu osQ vuqlkj] cPpksa ls e”knwjh djkuk vijkèk gSA mUgsa ikyus vkSj f'k{kk nsus dk nkf;Ro ljdkj dk gSA ijarq Hkkjr
ljdkj osQ ikl brus lkèku ugha gSa fd og vius gj ukxfjd dks vUu] oL=k vkSj f'k{kk ns losQA ifj.kkeLo:i Hkkjr dh
vfèkdrj vkcknh jke&Hkjksls gSA mls Lo;a tSls&rSls e”knwjh djosQ isV Hkjuk iM+rk gSA djksM+ksa&djksM+ksa rc Hkh Hkw[ks isV lks
tkrs gSaA tks cPps Hkw[ks isV lksus dk nnZ tkurs gSa] os gh e”kcwjh ls e”knwj cuuk Lohdkj djrs gSaA iz'u mBrk gS fd D;k
Hkkjr esa dHkh cky e”knwjh dk vfHk'kki lekIr gksxk\ vkf[kj bl leL;k dk lekèkku D;k gS\ bldk mÙkj ,d Bksl vkSj
l'kDr ljdkj ns ldrh gSA ;fn dHkh Hkkjr esa laosnu'khy vkSj l[r ljdkj vkbZ rHkh gj cPps dks gFkkSM+s dh txg fdrkc
idM+kbZ tk,xhA muosQ ikyu&iks"k.k dk ftEek ljdkj dk gksxkA rc rd lkekftd laxBuksa] fopkjdksa] lkfgR;dkjksa dks
ckrphr osQ tfj, ;g liuk ftank j[kuk pkfg, fd ,d fnu Hkkjr cky&e”knwjh osQ vfHk'kki ls eqDr gksdj jgsxkA
22- uSfrdrk dk iru % ekuork dk iru

¹CBSE 2012º
fopkj&¯cnqμ l uSfrdrk o ekuork dk lacaèk ,oa vFkZ l uSfrdrk osQ Lrj esa fxjkoV osQ dkj.k l lekt
ij izHkko
uSfrdrk vkSj ekuork dk vVwV lacaèk gSA okLro esa ekuork dks cuk, j[kus dh uhfr;k¡ gh uSfrdrk dgykrh gSaA
vr% uSfrd vkpj.k gh ekuorkoknh gks ldrk gSA tks Hkh dk;Z ,oa O;ogkj ekuork osQ fo#¼ gksxk] og dHkh uSfrd ugha
gks ldrkA vr% uSfrdrk ekuork dh gh mit gSA vkt èkhjs&èkhjs ekuork laoqQfpr gksrh tk jgh gSA yksx LokFkhZ vkSj vosQys
gksrs tk jgs gSaA mUgsa ;gh fl[kk;k tk jgk gS fd vius dke ls dke j[kksA T;knk vkn'kZoknh er cuksA O;kogkfjd cuks]
Hkkoqd ;k fl¼karoknh ughaA bl dkj.k yksxksa dk uSfrd Lrj fxjrk tk jgk gSA pkgs ns'k dh gkfu gks] lekt esa Hkz"Vkpkj
iSQy tk,] iM+kslh dk ?kj ty tk, ¯drq esjk Hkyk gksuk pkfg,μfliZQ ;gh lksp gkoh gksrh tk jgh gSA ekrk&firk cPps
dks dekÅ cukuk pkgrs gSa] Hkyk balku ughaA f'k{kk mUgsa jkstxkj fnykuk pkgrh gS] pfj=koku ughaA ns'k osQ lkèkq&larksa vkSj
èkk£ed usrkvksa dks geus Bx ekudj fdukjs dj fn;k gSA vr% uSfrdrk vkSj ekuork dh fdj.k dgk¡ ls vk,\ lc vksj
okLro esa v¡èksjk Nk x;k gSA yksx jkr esa gh ugha] fnu esa Hkh vlqjf{kr gSaA pkjksa vksj [kqyh ¯glk gS] cykRdkj gSa] ?kksVkys
gSaA ekuks gekjk iwjk lekt uaxk [kM+k gSA yM+osQ ncax vkf'kd cuus osQ pDdj esa gSa rks yM+fd;k¡ frrfy;k¡A ,slh lksp ns'k
dks iru osQ xîôs esa fxjk nsxhA vr% vko';drk bl ckr dh gS fd ekuorkoknh thou n`f"V viukbZ tk,A
23- eg¡xkbZ dh ekj

[CBSE]
fopkj&¯cnqμ fujarj fodkl dh vksj

l l xjhcksa ij oqQizHkko l cPpksa dh i<+kbZ ij izHkko l fu;a=k.k
djuk ljdkj dk drZO;
vk”kknh osQ ckn Hkkjr esa rhu phtsa ges'kk c<+rh jgh gSaμHkz"Vkpkj] vlekurk vkSj eg¡xkbZA ;s rhuksa lxh cgusa gSaA
;s ,d lkFk c<+rh gSaA Hkz"Vkpkj c<+rk gS rks /uoku vkSj /uh gksrs tkrs gSa vkSj xjhc fcYoqQy yaxksVh/kjh gks tkrs gSaA dkys
/u osQ dkj.k dkykck”kkjh c<+rh gSA mlls eg¡xkbZ c<+rh gSA tc ls ljdkj us [kk|kUuksa dks [kqys ck”kkj osQ gokys fd;k
gS] rc ls lfCt;k¡] iQy] vUu] lksuk&pk¡nh] edku vkfn lc vkleku ij ig¡qp x, gSaA bl eg¡xkbZ dk lcls vf/d izHkko
cspkjs xjhcksa ij iM+rk gSA os igys lCTkh esa NkSad yxkuk NksM+rs gSaA fiQj lCth [kkuk NksM+rs gSaA var esa cPpksa dh i<+kbZ NqM+ok
dj mUgsa cky&e”knwj cuk nsrs gSaA lp dh dgk gSμ

vuqPNsn&ys[ku 11
eg¡xkbZ us ;ksa djh] gj fu/Zu dh ywVA

uUgw gqvk e”kwj vc] xbZ i<+kbZ NwVAA
okLro esa eg¡xkbZ csyxke ?kksM+h gS ftlosQ ukd esa uosQy j[kuk ljdkj dk dke gSA nqHkkZX; ls ljdkjh vf/dkjh vkSj
usrk feydj ywV esa 'kkfey gks x, gSaA blfy, eg¡xkbZ lqjlk osQ eq¡g dh rjg c<+rh tk jgh gSA
24- Hkkjrh; fdlku osQ d"V

[CBSE 2018]
fopkj&¯cnqμ l vUunkrk dh dfBukb;k¡ l dBksj fnup;kZ l lqèkkj osQ mik;
Hkkjrh; fdlku iwjs Hkkjr dk vUunkrk gSA og ns'kokfl;ksa osQ fy, vUu mxkrk gSA xsgw¡] pkoy] eDdk] iQy&lCth
ogh mxkrk gSA ;fn og mxkuk can dj ns rks yksx Hkw[ks ej tk,¡A blfy, mls lp esa ^vUunkrk* dgk tkrk gSA ;g Hkh
,d nqHkkZX; gS fd vUunkrk Lo;a Hkw[kk jg tkrk gSA [ksrh djuk ,slk gkfudkjd O;olk; gks x;k gS fd gkM+&rksM+ ifjJe
osQ ckotwn mldk isV ugha Hkj ikrkA mldh iQlyksa dh ck”kkj esa dher ugha feyrhA [kpZ gksrs gSa lkS #i;s rks dbZ ckj
lkS #i;s Hkh ?kj ugha ykSVrsA vusd ckj ck<+] lw[ks] o"kkZ ;k dhVksa osQ dkj.k iQlysa u"V gks tkrh gSaA rc rks fdlku dks
nks jksfV;ksa osQ Hkh ykys iM+ tkrs gSaA fdlku dk thou cgqr d"Vdkjh gksrk gSA lqcg dh o¡Qio¡Qikrh lnhZ esa [ksrksa esa ikuh
nsuk] xzh"e dh nksigjh esa iQlyksa dh dVkbZ djuk] ekSle dh gj ekj dks uaxs flj >syukμu fnu dk pSu] u jkr dh uhanA
,sls dBksj thou dks thus okys fdlku osQ fy, oqQN fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;|fi ljdkj us muosQ fy, cgqr lkjh
dY;k.kdkjh ;kstuk,¡ cukbZ gSaA mudh iQlyksa dk chek fd;k gS] mudh iQlyksa osQ lgh nke r; fd, gSa] muosQ thou dk
Hkh chek djk;k gS] mUgsa Í.k nsus dh O;oLFkk dh gSA ;s dne Lokxr&;ksX; gSa ¯drq dkiQh ugha gSaA vHkh fdlkuksa dh HkykbZ
osQ fy, vkSj cgqr oqQN fd;k tkuk ckdh gSA
III. foKku&lacaèkh
25- Xykscy ok²ex osQ [krjs

¹CBSEº
fopkj&¯cnqμ Xykscy okfe±x dk vFkZ

l l Xykscy okfe±x osQ [krjs l muosQ izHkko l cpko gsrq mik;
Xykscy okfe±x bDdhloha 'krkCnh dk lcls cM+k [krjk gSA bldk vFkZ gSμi`Foh ri jgh gSA èkjrh ij xehZ [krjukd
xfr ls c<+ jgh gSA blosQ dkj.k 'krkfCn;ksa ls tes fge[kaM fi?ky jgs gSaA vkdk'k dh Nkrh esa Nsn gksus tk jgs gSaA blosQ
dkj.k lw;Z dh tgjhyh fdj.kasa vkstksu xSl dh ijr dks Hksn dj èkjrh ij vk,¡xhA tks Hkh euq";] i'kq ;k ouLifr mlosQ
laioZQ esa vk,xh og Lokgk gks tk,xhA èkjrh ij jksx c<+saxsA ekSr vle; gh nLrd nsus yxsxhA Xykscy okfe±x dk eq[;
dkj.k gSμeuq"; }kjk ÅtkZ dk vlhfer mi;ksxA ijek.kq Hkfêò;k¡] vkS|ksfxd ÅtkZ] fizQt] ,-lh- dk [kqyk mi;ksx vkfn ,sls
cM+s dkj.k gSa ftuls okrkoj.k esa mQ"ek c<+ jgh gSA fujarj dVrs isM+ vkSj ou] iSVªksy dh vR;fèkd [kir Hkh bl xehZ dks
c<+k jgs gSaA ;s lc ekuoh; dk;Z gSa tks izÑfr osQ pØ esa [kyy Mky jgs gSaA bUgsa jksdus osQ mik; Hkh euq"; osQ gkFkksa esa
gSaA ;fn mRiknu osQ fy, ekuoh; Je dk vfèkd mi;ksx fd;k tk,A e'khuksa ij fuHkZjrk ?kVkbZ tk,A isM+ksa vkSj ouksa dks
lajf{kr fd;k tk,A ydM+h vkSj vkokl osQ fy, u, fodYi [kksts tk,¡ rks ;g [krjk oqQN lhek rd de gks ldrk gSA
ijek.kq ÅtkZ ls gksus okys [krjksa dks ns[krs gq, bl ij izfrcaèk yxkuk pkfg,A

26- eSVªks jsyμ,d mÙke lkèku
¹CBSE 2014º
fopkj&¯cnqμ ;krk;kr dk rhozre lkèku

l l jsy dh O;oLFkk l eSVªks jsy osQ ykHk l egkuxjh; thou
gsrq lq[kn
egkuxjksa dk thou cgqr tfVy gksrk gSA blosQ fuokfl;ksa dks jkst yach nwfj;k¡ r; djuh iM+rh gSaA Hkkjr osQ egkuxj
brus ?kus] laoqQy vkSj HkhM+&Hkjs gSa fd lM+d dks ikj djuk Hkh igkM+ gks tkrk gSA ,sls esa gj O;fDr vkokxeu osQ rhozre
vkSj lqfoèkktud lkèku dks viukuk pkgrk gSA jsyos pkgdj Hkh bl leL;k dk lekèkku ugha dj ldrkA jsyos ,d uxj
dks nwljs uxj ls rks tksM+ ldrk gS ¯drq gj nks feuV esa] gj nks fdyksehVj osQ ckn ;kf=k;ksa dks mrkjuk&p<+kuk mlosQ o'k
dh ckr ugha gSA blosQ fy, eSVªks jsy dk vkfo"dkj gqvkA eSVªks jsy egkuxjksa osQ ;krk;kr dk rhozre lkèku gSA blosQ ekxZ
lqjf{kr rFkk vckfèkr gSaA buosQ ekxZ esa dgha dksbZ jsyos iQkVd ;k vU; vojksèk ugha vkrkA blfy, eSVªks jsy gj nks&rhu
feuV ckn vkrh gS vkSj ;kf=k;ksa dks vius y{; rd ys tkrh gSA ;g vkèkqfud rduhd vkSj lkt&lTtk ls ;qDr gSA blosQ
lHkh fMCcs okrkuqowQfyr gSa vkSj ,d&nwljs ls tqM+s gq, gSaA cSBus rFkk [kM+s gksus dh O;oLFkk vR;ar LoPN vkSj laqnj gSA blesa
;fn [kM+s&[kM+s ;k=kk djuh iM+s rks Hkh cqjk ugha yxrkA fnYyh tSls HkhM+HkkM+ Hkjs {ks=k esa] tgk¡ vkneh dk iSny pyuk Hkh
dfBu gS] eSVªks jsy dk gksuk ,d lius tSlk gSA ijarq ;g liuk vc okLrfod cu pqdk gSA
27- baVjusV % ,d lapkj&Økafr

¹CBSEº
fopkj&¯cnqμ l vFkZ l lapkj&txr esa Økafr l Kku dk HkaMkj l f'k{kk esa lgk;d l nks"k ,oa
izHkko
baVjusV ml rkus&ckus dks dgrs gSa tks fo'o&Hkj osQ oaQI;wVjksa dks vkil esa tksM+rk gSA baVjusV ls lHkh oaQI;wVjksa dh
tkudkfj;k¡ lHkh dks miyCèk gks tkrh gSaA bl lapkj&ra=k ls lapkj&txr esa lpeqp ,d Økafr ?kfVr gks xbZ gSA yksxksa osQ
lkeus tkudkfj;ksa dk vackj yx x;k gSA ,d izdkj ls ;g Kku dk foLiQksV gSA baVjusV ij Kku dh vuar lkexzh miyCèk
gks xbZ gSA ftruh rktk [kcjsa] ftrus vkèkqfud ys[k baVjusV ij miyCèk gks tkrs gSa] mrus rks jkst&jkst Nius okys v[kckjksa
esa Hkh ugha fey ikrsA okLro esa baVjusV iy&izfriy cnyrk jgrk gSA baVjusV osQ lgkjs jsyos vkSj gokbZ tgkt dh fVdVsa
fey ldrh gSaA cq¯dx dh fLFkfr dk Kku gks ldrk gSA cPpksa dks vius ikB~;Øe dh lkjh tkudkjh blosQ ekè;e ls fey
ldrh gSA ,d izdkj ls ;g f'k{kd dh Hkwfedk Hkh vnk djrk gSA baVjusV esa miyCèk ikB~;&lkexzh dks ckj&ckj i<+k tk
ldrk gSA ?kj cSBs&cSBs fo'o&Hkj osQ lekpkj&i=k i<+s tk ldrs gSaA baVjusV dh bruh [kwfc;k¡ gksrs gq, Hkh bldh dfBukb;k¡
vusd gSaA bldk Kku HkaMkj bruk foiqy gS fd Bhd tkudkjh miyCèk djus osQ fy, cgqr vfèkd le;] ÅtkZ rFkk fctyh
[kpZ djuh iM+rh gSA fctyh u gks rks euq"; iaxq gks tkrk gSA baVjusV 'kkfrj vijkfèk;ksa osQ fy, LoxZ cu x;k gSA oqQ'ky
vijkèkh yksxksa osQ cSad&[kkrksa rFkk vU; dkx”kkrksa esa NsM+NkM+ djosQ mUgsa ?kj cSBs&cSBs ywV ysrs gSaA vHkh bu lkbcj vijkèkksa
ls cpus osQ mik; yksdfiz; ugha gSaA èkhjs&èkhjs yksx bUgsa tku tk,¡xsA rHkh blosQ nq"izHkkoksa ls cpk tk losQxkA
28- oaQI;wVj % vkt dh t:jr [Imp.]

[CBSE 2016]
fopkj&¯cnqμ l oaQI;wVj D;k gS\ l Hkkjr esa oaQI;wVjμbldk mi;ksx rFkk blosQ ykHk l nSfud thou esa
oaQI;wVj

vuqPNsn&ys[ku 13
orZeku ;qx oaQI;wVj&;qx gSA oaQI;wVj ,d ,slh Lopkfyr iz.kkyh gS] tks oSQlh&Hkh vO;oLFkk dks O;oLFkk esa cny ldrh
gSA fØosQV osQ eSnku esa vaik;j dh fu.kkZ;d&Hkwfedk gks] ;k yk[kks&a djksMk+ &as vjcksa dh yach&yach x.kuk,¡] oaQI;wVj iyd >idrs
gh vkidh leL;k gy dj ldrk gSA vkt thou osQ yxHkx lHkh {ks=kksa esa oaQI;wVj dk izos'k gks x;k gSA cSad] jsyos&LVs'ku]
gokbZ&vîós] Mkd[kkus] cM+s&cM+s m|ksx] dkj[kkus] O;olk;] fglkc&fdrkc] #i;s fxuus dh e'khusa rd oaQI;wVjho`Qr gks xbZ gSaA
vkt euq";&thou tfVy gks x;k gSA O;fDr osQ laioZQ c<+ jgs gSa] O;kikj c<+ jgs gSa] xfrfofèk;k¡ c<+ jgh gSa] vkdka{kk,¡ c<+
jgh gSa] lkèku c<+ jgs gSaA ifj.kkeLo:i lc txg HkkxnkSM+ vkSj vkikèkkih py jgh gSA bl îkxy xfr* dks lqO;oLFkk nsus
dh leL;k vkt dh izeq[k leL;k gSA oaQI;wVj us iQkbyksa dh vko';drk de dj nh gSA fo'o osQ fdlh dksus esa Nih iqLrd]
fiQYe] ?kVuk dh tkudkjh baVjusV ij gh miyCèk gks tkrh gSA ,d le; Fkk] tc dgrs Fks fd foKku us lalkj dks oqQVqac
cuk fn;k gSA oaQI;wVj us rks ekuks ml oqQVqac dks vkiosQ dejs esa miyCèk djk fn;k gSA bl izdkj oaQI;wVj us ekuo&thou dks
lqfoèkk] ljyrk] lqO;oLFkk vkSj lVhdrk iznku dh gSA
q feyrs&tqyrs vuqPNsnμ
oaQI;wVj gekjk fe=k [CBSE 2017]
¹ D;k gS\
l l fo|k£Fk;ksa osQ fy, mi;ksx l lq>koº
29- nwjn'kZu
[CBSE]
fopkj&¯cnqμ l mi;ksfxrk l O;kid izlkj l nq#i;ksx l u, dk;ZozQe l nwjn'kZu dk Hkfo";
nwjn'kZu dh mi;ksfxrk vlafnXèk gSA gj euq"; fdlh&u&fdlh izdkj nwjn'kZu ls tqM+k gqvk gSA eq[; :i ls ;g
euksjatu dk lkèku gSA mlosQ ckn lwpuk rFkk f'k{kk dk LFkku vkrk gSA vkt Hkkjr dk eè; oxZ gh ugha] >qXxh&>ksiM+h
esa jgus okyk oafpr oxZ Hkh bldk mi;ksx djrk gSA nqHkkZX; ls nwjn'kZu dk lnqi;ksx de gksrk gS] nq#i;ksx vfèkd gksrk
gSA blosQ ekè;e ls vkt brus pVdhys] v'yhy vkSj iznwf"kr dk;ZozQe fn[kk, tkrs gSa fd mUgsa ifjokj esa cSBdj ns[kuk
dfBu gks tkrk gSA foKkiuksa dh vkM+ esa uXu n`'; fn[kk, tkrs gSaA vfèkdrj lhfj;y lekt osQ fy, ?kkrd gSaA muesa
ifjokjksa dks rksM+us okys ?kVukpozQ cM+s jl ls fn[kk, tkrs gSaA yksx mUgsa okLrfod ekudj oSlk vkpj.k djus yxrs gSaA
nwjn'kZu ij vkt brus fofoèk pSuy gSa vkSj izR;sd ij jaxfcjaxs rFkk eueksgd dk;ZozQe vkrs gSa fd Nk=k viuk cgqr lkjk
le; bUgsa ns[kus esa u"V djus yxs gSaA [ksy vkSj i<+kbZ osQ ekeys esa Nk=kksa ij cgqr cqjk vlj iM+k gSA nwjn'kZu vius vuqHkoksa
ls lh[kdj] yksxksa dh ek¡x ns[kdj u,&u, dk;ZozQeksa dh lajpuk djrk jgrk gSA nwjn'kZu esa vlhe laHkkouk,¡ gSa vkSj ,d
lqugjk Hkfo"; fNik gqvk gSA vko';drk gS oqQ'ky funsZ'kdksa dhA
30- nSfud thou esa foKku

fopkj&¯cnqμ l foKku&;qx foKku ij vkfJr fnup;kZ
l fpfdRlk vkSj LokLF; osQ {ks=k esa foKku
l
l lapkj osQ {ks=k esa foKku ifjogu&Økafr

l ?kjsyw fØ;kdykiksa esa lg;ksxh foKku
l
vkt dk ;qx foKku&;qx dgykrk gSA foKku dh lqfoèkkvksa osQ fcuk ge yksx thou dh dYiuk gh ugha dj ldrsA
'kgj gks ;k xk¡oμfctyh gekjs fy, vfuok;Z gks pqdh gSA gekjs fizQt] owQyj] ghVj] ia[ks] V~;wcsa] izSl] feDlj] twlj] eksVj]
okVj&iai lc fctyh ls pyrs gSaA foKku u gksrk] rks u ;s midj.k gksrs vkSj u fctyh gksrhA vkt fpfdRlk vkSj O;k;ke
osQ {ks=k esa Hkh foKku cgqr mUufr dj pqdk gSA jksxksa dks tk¡pus dh e'khusa vfr vkèkqfud cu pqdh gSaA thouj{kd vkS"kfèk;ksa
dh [kkst osQ ihNs foKku dk ;ksxnku gSA vkt O;k;ke osQ {ks=k esa Hkh foKku us vHkwriwoZ mUufr dj yh gSA vc tkW¯xx

djus osQ fy, ckgj tkus dh t:jr ugha] e'khuksa osQ lgkjs LokLF; lqèkkjk tk ldrk gSA lapkj vkSj ifjogu ekuo&thou
dh egÙoiw.kZ vko';drk,¡ gSaA ;g Hkh foKku dk ,d ojnku gSA jsfM;ks] Vsyhfotu] Vsi] vkfM;ks] ohfM;ks] fiQYesa gekjs
thou osQ vfuok;Z vax cu pqosQ gSaA ?kjsyw thou dk ,d vU; egÙoiw.kZ midj.k gSμok¯'kx e'khuA bl lqfoèkk us x`fgf.k;ksa
dks dkiQh vkjke igq¡pk;k gSA bl izdkj foKku gekjs nSfud thou dk vax cu pqdk gSA
IV. Nk=k&lacaèkh
31- vkn'kZ fo|kFkhZ [Imp.]
fopkj&¯cnqμ lPps fo|kFkhZ dk y{k.k

l l ftKklk vkSj J¼kμvko';d xq.k l riLoh thou
l vuq'kklu vko';d lknk thou] mPp fopkj
l lcgqeq[kh thou milagkj
l
fo|kFkhZ dk vFkZ gSμfo|k ikus okykA vkn'kZ fo|kFkhZ ogh gS tks lh[kus dh bPNk ls vksrizksr gks] ftlesa Kku ikus
dh xgjh yyd gksA fo|kFkhZ dk lcls igyk xq.k gSμftKklkA og u,&u, fo"k;ksa osQ ckjs esa fur ubZ tkudkjh pkgrk gSA
og osQoy iqLrdksa vkSj vè;kidksa osQ Hkjksls gh ugha jgrk] vfirq Lo;a esgur djosQ Kku izkIr djrk gSA lPpk Nk=k
J¼koku gksrk gSA lPpk Nk=k dBksj thou thdj riL;k dk vkuan izkIr djrk gSA vkn'kZ Nk=k viuh fuf'pr fnup;kZ
cukrk gS vkSj mldk dBksjrk ls ikyu djrk gSA og viuh i<+kbZ] [ksy&owQn] O;k;ke] euksjatu rFkk vU; xfrfofèk;ksa esa
rkyesy cSBkrk gSA vkn'kZ Nk=k iSQ'ku vkSj XySej dh nqfu;k ls nwj jgrk gSA og lknk thou thrk gS vkSj mPp fopkj eu
esa èkkj.k djrk gSA og osQoy ikB~;Øe rd gh lhfer ugha jgrkA og fo|ky; esa gksus okyh vU; xfrfofèk;ksa esa Hkh
c<+&p<+dj fgLlk ysrk gSA xkuk] vfHku;] ,u-lh-lh-] LdkmV] [ksyowQn] Hkk"k.k vkfn esa ls fdlh&u&fdlh esa og vo';
Hkkx ysrk gSA
32- fo|kFkhZ vkSj vuq'kklu [Imp.]
fopkj&¯cnqμ fo|k vkSj vuq'kklu dk vVwV lacaèk

l l vuq'kklu Nk=k osQ fy, ykHkdkjh l vuq'kklu
vkSj fo|ky; vuq'kklu vFkkZr~ O;oLFkk
l
thou dks vkuaniwoZd thus osQ fy, fo|k vkSj vuq'kklu nksuksa vko';d gSaA fo|k dk vafre y{; gSμbl thou
dks eèkqj rFkk lqfoèkkiw.kZ cukukA vuq'kklu dk Hkh ;gh y{; gSA vuq'kklu Hkh ,d izdkj dh fo|k gSA viuh fnup;kZ]
cksy&pky] jgu&lgu] lksp&fopkj vkSj vius leLr O;ogkj dks O;ofLFkr djuk gh vuq'kklu gSA fo|kFkhZ osQ fy,
vuq'kkflr gksuk ije vko';d gSA vuq'kklu ls le; vkSj èku dh cpr gksrh gSA ftl Nk=k us viuh fnup;kZ fuf'pr
dj yh gS] mldk le; O;FkZ ugha tkrkA og le; ij euksjatu Hkh dj ysrk gS rFkk vè;;u Hkh iwjk dj ikrk gSA blosQ
foijhr vuq'kklughu Nk=k vkt dk dke dy ij vkSj dy dk dke ijlksa ij Vkydj vius fy, eqlhcr bdêòh dj ysrk
gSA vuq'kklu dk xq.k cpiu esa gh xzg.k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A blfy, bldk lacaèk Nk=k ls gSA fo|ky; dh lkjh O;oLFkk
esa vuq'kklu vkSj fu;eksa dks ykxw djus osQ ihNs ;gh ckr gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vPNs vuq'kkflr fo|ky;ksa osQ Nk=k thou
esa vPNh liQyrk izkIr djrs gSaA vr% vuq'kklu thou osQ fy, ijeko';d gS rFkk mldh izFke ikB'kkyk
gSμfo|kFkhZ&thouA

vuqPNsn&ys[ku 15
V. [ksy&owQn@;ksx@LokLF;
33- LokLF; dh j{kk

[CBSE 2017]
fopkj&¯cnqμ l vko';drk l iks"kd Hkkstu l ykHkdkjh lq>ko
dgkor gSμ^LoLFk 'kjhj esa LoLFk vkRek dk fuokl gksrk gSA* ;fn vkRek LoLFk pkfg, rks LokLF; vko';d gSA ;fn
ekufld vkuan pkfg, rks Hkh LoLFk gksuk vko';d gSA chekj] ?kk;y vkSj vLoLFk euq"; dks thou dk dksbZ Lokn ugha fey
ikrkA og tqcku ij jlxqYyk rks j[k ldrk gS ¯drq Lokn ugha ys ldrk D;ksafd chekj eu Lokn ysus esa vleFkZ gksrk gSA
LokLF; dh j{kk osQ fy, tgk¡ O;k;ke] [ksy vkfn dh vko';drk gksrh gS] ogha ikSf"Vd Hkkstu Hkh vko';d gSA vktdy
yksx [kk&ih rks cgqr jgs gSa ¯drq LoLFk ugha gSaA dkj.k gS mudk HkkstuA vktdy pViVs] Lokfn"V vkSj gkfudkjd Hkkstu
dh Hkjekj gSA xyh&xyh esa ih”kk] cxZj] gkWV MkWx] uwMYl] ekseks osQ LVky yxs gSaA ;s lHkh eq¡g esa ykj rks ykrs gSa] isV dks
iqQykdj Msxjk cuk nsrs gSa ¯drq iprs ugha gSaA bUgsa [kk&[kkdj cPps] toku vkSj cw<+sμlHkh vLoLFk gks jgs gSaA fdlh osQ isV
esa vip gS rks fdlh osQ xqnsZ esa fodkj gSA bl gkfudkjd Hkkstu ls cpuk vko';d gSA blosQ fy, gekjs ?kjksa esa pys vk
jgs ijaijkxr Hkkstuksa ij è;ku nsuk gksxkA lHkh MkWDVj ,der ls dgrs gSaμnwèk fi;ks] iQy [kkvks] vaoqQfjr vukt [kkvks] lykn
yks] gjh lfCt;k¡ [kkvksA ijarq ge [kkrs gSa uwMYl vkSj ihrs gSa pk; vkSj dgokA okLro esa vius Hkkstu&fpfdRld dh lykg
ekudj ge mÙke LokLF; ik ldrs gSaA
34- LoPNrk vkanksyu

[CBSE 2018]
fopkj&¯cnqμ l D;ksa l cnyko l gekjk mÙkjnkf;Ro
fiNys vusd o"kks± ls Hkkjro"kZ esa LoPNrk vkanksyu dh èkwe gSA tc ls eksnh ljdkj vkbZ gS] Hkkjrokfl;ksa ij LoPNrk
dk u'kk lokj gks x;k gSA dkj.k ;g gS fd Lo;a izèkkuea=kh bl vkanksyu osQ lw=kèkkj gSaA mUgksaus igys Lo;a >kM+w mBkbZ] fiQj
eaf=k;ksa vkSj viQljksa us mBkbZA ns[krs&ns[krs LowQy osQ cPps vkSj xyh&eksgYys osQ vke yksx bl vkanksyu esa lfEefyr gks
x,A dksbZ vkt ls nl lky igys osQ Hkkjr dh lM+dksa] xfy;ksa] cl&vM~Mksa] jsyos&LVs'kuksa] LowQyksa&dkWystksa vkSj ck”kkjksa
dks ns[ks vkSj vkt ls rqyuk djs rks og gSjku jg tk,xkA lpeqp Hkkjr dh LoPNrk esa vHkwriwoZ cnyko vk;k gSA igys
iwjk ¯gnqLrku ,d [kqyk 'kkSpky; Fkk] vc iwjs ¯gnqLrku esa txg&txg LoPN 'kkSpky; fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA vc xyh&ck”kkjksa
esa xanxh iSQykrs vkSj jsyos ykbuksa osQ bnZ&fxnZ 'kkSp djrs yksx fn[kkbZ ugha nsrs D;ksafd LoPNrk vkanksyu us mUgsa LoPN jguk
fl[kk fn;k gSA ge esa ls oqQN iqjkus yksx vc Hkh viuh iqjkuh vknrksa osQ f'kdkj gSaA mUgsa LoPNrk vPNh rks yxrh gS ¯drq
xanh vknrksa dk D;k djsa\ mudk Hkh drZO; curk gS fd viuh vknrksa dks lqèkkjsaA vxj vknr vPNh gS rks mls viuk,¡A
35- 20&20 fØosQV

[CBSE]
fopkj&¯cnqμ ;g fØosQV D;k gS

l l bl fØosQV dk jksekap l Hkkjr dh miyfCèk
20&20 fØosQV dks iQVkiQV fØosQV dgk tkrk gSA blesa izR;sd Vhe dks osQoy 20 vksoj fn, tkrs gSaA 20 vksojksa
esa vfèkdkfèkd ju cukus gksrs gSa rFkk vfèkdkfèkd fodVsa ysuh gksrh gSaA blfy, bl eSp esa Bhd 'kkWV ;k 'kkL=kh; fØosQV

dh ljkguk ugha dh tkrhA ljkguk dh tkrh gSμjksekapd pkSdksa&NDdksa dh] rst juksa dh] phrs dh rjg pqLr {ks=kj{k.k dh
vkSj y{; dh vksj lèkh xsanckth dhA bl [ksy dh ,d&,d xsan jksekapd gksrh gSSA cYysckt ,d Hkh xsan x¡okuk ugha pkgrkA
jksekapd cYysckt igyh gh xsan ij pkSdk ekjdj [ksy esa xfr yk nsrs gSaA nwljh vksj] xsanckt xsan ,sls isaQdrs gSa ekuks rksi
nkx jgs gSaA Hkkjr 20&20 fØosQV dk fljekSj gSA Hkkjr us fo'o&pSafi;u vkLVªsfy;k dks dbZ ckj èkwy pVkbZ gSSA igyk 20&20
fo'o&di Hkkjr osQ uke jgk gSA Hkkjr osQ ikl fojkV dksgyh tSlk lqn`<+ bjkns okyk dIrku gSA N% xssanksa esa N% NDosQ tM+us
okyk ;qojkt gSA èkq¡vkèkkj cYysckth djus okys èkou] jksfgr 'kekZ vkfn f[kykM+h gSaA bl vuqHkoh vkSj pqLr Vhe osQ lkeus
fo'o&Hkj osQ fØosQVj ikuh Hkjrs gSaA vkt Hkkjr osQ fy, dksbZ Hkh y{; vfèkd dfBu ugha gSA ,d blh [ksy esa
Hkkjr fo'o&pSafi;u gSA
36- thou esa [ksy&owQn dk egÙo [Imp.]

[CBSE]
fopkj&¯cnqμ Lokeh foosdkuan dh ok.kh

l l [ksy&#fpμekuo dk LoHkko l [ksyksa ls LokLF; dk
fuekZ.k ekufld 'kfDr dk fodkl
l milagkj
l
Lokeh foosdkuan us vius ns'k osQ uo;qodksa dks dgk Fkkμ^êsjs uo;qod fe=kks! cyoku cuksA rqedks esjh ;g lykg
gSA xhrk osQ vH;kl dh vis{kk iqQVcky [ksyus osQ }kjk rqe LoxZ osQ vfèkd fudV igq¡p tkvksxsA** bl dFku ls Li"V
gS fd LoLFk 'kjhj esa gh LoLFk efLr"d dk fuokl laHko gS vkSj 'kjhj dks LoLFk rFkk e”kcwr cukus osQ fy, [ksy vfuok;Z
gSaA euksoSKkfudksa dk er gS fd euq"; dh [ksyksa esa #fp LokHkkfod gSA blh dkj.k cPps [ksyksa esa vfèkd #fp ysrs gSaA
ih- lkbju us dgk gSμ^vPNk LokLF; ,oa vPNh le> thou osQ nks loksZÙke ojnku gSaA* bu nksuksa dh izkfIr osQ fy, thou
esa f[kykM+h dh Hkkouk ls [ksy [ksyuk vko';d gSA [ksyus ls 'kjhj dks cy] ek¡l&isf'k;ksa dks mHkkj] Hkw[k dks rhozrk]
vkyL;ghurk rFkk eykfn dks 'kq¼rk izkIr gksrh gSA [ksy [ksyus ls euq"; dks la?k"kZ djus dh vknr yxrh gSA thou dh
t;&ijkt; dks vkuaniw.kZ <ax ls ysus dh egÙoiw.kZ vknr [ksy [ksyus ls gh vkrh gSA [ksy gekjk Hkjiwj euksjatu djrs
gSaA f[kykM+h gks vFkok [ksy&izseh] nksuksa dks [ksy osQ eSnku esa ,d viwoZ vkuan feyrk gSA
37- izkr%dkyhu Hkze.k

[CBSE 2015]
fopkj&¯cnqμ l izÑfr ls laioZQ l 'kkjhfjd O;k;ke l lsgr osQ fy, mi;ksxh o ykHknk;d
izkr%dky ?kweuk izÑfr ek¡ dh xksn esa fogkj djuk gSA tSls cPps dks ek¡ dh xksn esa cSBdj lq[k gh feyrk gS] oSls
gh lqcg&lqcg izÑfr osQ vk¡py esa fogkj djuk vR;ar lq[kdkjh gksrk gSA lqcg&lqcg izÑfr vksl osQ eksfr;ksa dh ekyk
igus vius cPpksa osQ fy, rS;kj [kM+h gksrh gSA os vHkkxs gksrs gSa tks ml le; izÑfr osQ laioZQ ls oafpr jgrs gSaA
izkr%dky 'kkjhfjd O;k;ke osQ fy, Hkh cgqr mi;qDr gksrk gSA 'kjhj gj izdkj ls O;k;ke osQ fy, rS;kj gksrk gSA eu esa
meax gksrh gSA 'kjhj esa pqLrh gksrh gSA ,sls le; esa ?kweus&fiQjus vkSj 'kkjhfjd fozQ;k djus dk volj gksrk gSA izk;% yksx
lqcg&lqcg O;k;ke ;ksx] vklu] [ksyowQn djrs fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA ;s 'kkjhfjd fozQ;k,¡ LokLF; osQ fy, cgqr mi;ksxh vkSj
ykHknk;d gksrh gaSA 'kjhj lss ey ilhus osQ :i esa ckgj fudy tkrs gSa vkSj vkWDlhtu isQiQM+ksa esa Hkj tkrh gSA blls euq";
vius 'kjhj esa cgqr LiwQ£r vkSj meax vuqHko djrk gSA blh dks thou dk lq[k dgrs gSa A

vuqPNsn&ys[ku 17
38- vksyafid esa Hkkjr osQ fiNM+us osQ dkj.k
fopkj&¯cnqμ l [ksyksa dks egÙo u nsuk l [ksyksa ij de [kpZ djuk l Hkkjr esa [ksyksa esa oWQfj;j u cukuk
l jktuhfrdj.k
vksyafid [ksy fo'o dh lcls cM+h LièkkZ gSA ;g fo'o Hkj osQ f[kykfM+;ksa dk esyk gS vkSj mudh 'kfDr] mRlkg
vkSj dyk dk izn'kZu gSA ns[kus esa vk;k gS fd Hkkjr bu izfr;ksfxrkvksa esa dgha ugha BgjrkA 120 djksM+ dh tula[;k okyk
ns'k osQoy nks ind thr ikrk gS] tcfd vkcknh esa gels ,d frgkbZ ns'k vejhdk 121 ind thr ysrk gSA baXySaM tSlk
NksVk ns'k 67 ind thrdj nwljs LFkku ij gS vkSj vkcknh esa gekjs vklikl jgus okyk ns'k phu 70 ind thrdj lalkj
esa rhljs LFkku ij gSA LokHkkfod :i ls gekjs eu esa iz'u vkrk gS fd vkf[kj Hkkjr [ksyksa esa bruk fiNM+k gqvk D;ksa gS\
phu osQ ukxfjd Hkkjr dh ;g nqnZ'kk ns[kdj gekjk etkd mM+krs gSa vkSj dgrs gSa fd Hkkjr dks [ksyksa esa thrus dh dyk
gels lh[kuh pkfg,A Hkkjr osQ [ksyksa esa fiNM+us dk ewy dkj.k ;g gS fd ge [ksyksa dks egÙo gh ugha nsrs cfYd ekrk&firk
dks ¯prk ;g jgrh gS fd dgha cPps dk è;ku [ksyksa dh vksj u yx tk,A nwljk dkj.k ;g gS fd gekjh ljdkjsa vkSj foÙkh;
laLFkku [ksyksa ij fny [kksydj [kpZ ugha djrsA u rks f[kykfM+;ksa dks fo'oLrjh; [ksy&lqfoèkk,¡ nh tkrh gSa vkSj u muosQ
izf'k{k.k ij fo'ks"k è;ku fn;k tkrk gSA rhljh ckr ;g gS fd vHkh Hkkjr esa [ksy ,d dfj;j osQ :i esa ugha mHkjk gSA
;g ,d 'kkSd osQ :i esa [ksyk tkrk gSA tc oqQN yksx bls viuh vkthfodk dk lkèku ekuus yxsaxs rks os mlesa tku
yxk,¡xsA rHkh visf{kr ifj.kke vk,¡xsA pkSFkk dkj.k gSμHkkjr esa fØosQV dh c<+rh yksdfiz;rkA Hkkjr esa fØosQV dk bruk
tquwu gS fd ckdh lHkh [ksy gkf'k, ij pys x, gSaA ljdkj dks vU; [ksyksa dh yksdfiz;rk c<+kus osQ Hkh mik;ksa ij è;ku
nsuk gksxkA ik¡pok¡ dkj.k gS jktuhfrA Hkkjr esa [ksy&laLFkkuksa ij jktuhfr vkSj jktusrkvksa dk ncnck gSA bl dkj.k ;ksX;
f[kykM+h drkj esa [kM+s jg tkrs gaS vkSj nks;e ntsZ osQ f[kykM+h Hkkjr osQ fy, izfrLièkkZ djrs fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA
VI. lkfgR; ,oa vfHk#fp
39- fj;yVh 'kkst&izfrHkk dh lPph [kkst

[CBSE 2012]
fopkj&¯cnqμ l vyx&vyx rjg osQ 'kks l izfrHkk dh okLrfod [kkst l [kkst dk Lo:i
bZ'oj viuh 'kfDr dk va'k iwjh nqfu;k esa ck¡Vrk gSA og gj cPps dks viuk oqQN&u&oqQN va'k nsrk gSA ;gh bZ'ojh;
va'k îzfrHkk* dgykrk gSA izfrHkk,¡ gj txg tUe ysrh gSa ¯drq xqeukeh osQ taxy esa [kks tkrh gSaA mUgsa [kkstuk vkSj lkjh
nqfu;k osQ lkeus izdV djuk ,d egÙoiw.kZ dk;Z gSA ;g dk;Z vktdy fj;YVh 'kkst dj jgs gSaA ^fj;YVh 'kks* ,sls
Vh-oh- dk;ZØe dks dgrs gSa ftlesa izfrHkk'kkyh yksx viuh izfrHkk dk izn'kZu lcosQ lkeus djrs gSaA lkjh nqfu;k mudh
izfrHkk dks ns[krh gS] tk¡prh gS] ljkgrh gS vkSj viuk leFkZu nsdj vkxs c<+krh gSA izfrHkk dks [kkstdj vkxs c<+kus dk
;g lcls mÙke <ax gSA gkyk¡fd ;g iz.kkyh Hkh funksZ"k ugha gSA fj;YVh 'kks osQ lw=kèkkj tSlk pkgrs gSa] oSlh Hkz"V O;oLFkk
Hkh cuk ysrs gSaA os dksbZ&u&dksbZ isap i¡Qlkdj ,slh O;oLFkk cuk ysrs gSa fd osQoy muosQ vius dykdkj gh eap rd igq¡p
ikrs gSaA vaèkk ck¡Vs jsoM+h fiQj&fiQj viuksa dks ns;A ijarq bruk gksus ij Hkh ;s fj;YVh 'kks vU; mik;ksa ls vfèkd dkjxj gSaA
Hkkjr esa lcls vfèkd yksdfiz; 'kks gqvk ^bafM;u vkbMy*A bl 'kks osQ ekè;e ls vusd xk;dksa dks uke] dke vkSj igpku
feyhA ûPp cfYy,*] ^gkL;*] ôkg okg! D;k ckr gS* vkfn vU; fj;YVh 'kks Hkh vk, ftuosQ ekè;e ls urZdksa]
gkL;&dykdkjksa vkSj dfo;ksa dks izfrHkk fn[kkus dk volj feykA vHkh vusd {ks=k ckdh gSaA ;fn ;ksX; vkSj bZekunkj yksxksa
us bl fn'kk esa oqQN iz;kl fd, rks ;s 'kks lpeqp ojnku fl¼ gksaxsA

q feyrs&tqyrs vuqPNsnμ
fj;YVh 'kks esa c<+rh cPpksa dh #fp [CBSE 2017]
¹ D;k gSa fj;YVh 'kks”k\
l l vU; dk;ZØeksa esa fj;YVh 'kks esa varj l cPpksa dh #fp D;ksaº
VII. HkkokRed@fopkjkRed@fefJr
40- ijksidkj gh lPpk èkeZ gS

[CBSE 2017]
fopkj&¯cnqμ l ekuo vkSj i'kq esa varj l ijksidkfj;ksa osQ mnkgj.k l Hkkjrh; laLÑfr
ekuo ,d lkekftd izk.kh gSA bls vaxzs”kh esa vkSj vfèkd Li"V 'kCnksa esa dgk tkrk gSμeSu b”k , lks'ky ,fueyA
Li"V gS fd euq"; Hkh i'kq gS] ijarq lkekftdA ;fn dksbZ euq"; lkekftd ugha jgrk] vFkkZr mls lekt ls dksbZ ljksdkj
ugha jgrk rks og fujk i'kq gks tkrk gSA vr% fdlh O;fDr dh lkekftdrk gh mls ekuo cukrh gSA tks euq"; lekt ls
ysrk&ysrk gS] og i'kq gh jgrk gSA tks ysus osQ lkFk&lkFk mls okil ykSVkrk gS] og euq"; gks tkrk gSA tks euq"; lekt
ls ysrk de gS] nsrk vfèkd gS] og egku dgykrk gSA vkSj tks euq"; lekt dks nsrk gh nsrk gS] og Hkxoku vkSj nsork
dh inoh ik ysrk gSA Hkxoku f'ko us Lo;a fo"kiku fd;k rFkk vkSjksa dks ve`r fiyk;k] blfy, os Hkxoku dgyk,A Íf"k
nèkhfp us ijksidkj osQ fy, viuh gfîó;k¡ Hkh nku esa ns nha] blfy, os Íf"k dgyk,A xk¡èkh us ns'k osQ fy, Lo;a dks v£ir
dj fn;k] blfy, os jk"Vªfirk dgyk,A Hkxr¯lg] lqHkk"k] panz'ks[kj us Hkkjr dh vk”kknh osQ fy, viuk cfynku ns fn;k]
blfy, os gekjs uk;d cu x,A Hkkjrh; laLÑfr R;kx] lsok vkSj ijksidkj dks 'ks"k lkalkfjd bPNkvksa ls Åij ekurh gSA
;gh dkj.k gS fd gtkjkas o"kZ xqyke jgus osQ ckotwn bldh Js"Brk T;ksa dh R;ksa cuh gqbZ gSA
41- ij mins'k oqQ'ky cgqrsjs

[CBSE 2018]
fopkj&¯cnqμ lwfDr dk vFkZ

l xq.kksa dks thou esa mrkjuk vko';d
l l dFkuh vkSj djuh esa
varj vkpj.k] deZ vkSj O;ogkj gh mins'k dk i;kZ;
l
bl lwfDr dk vFkZ gSμnwljksa dks mins'k nsus okyksa dh deh ugha gSA ftls ns[kks] ogh nwljksa dks mins'k nsus esa yxk
gSA tks aO;fDr Lo;a lnkpj.k ugha djrk ¯drq nwljksa dks mins'k nsrk gS] mu ij ;g lwfDr pksV djrh gSA okLro esa mins'k
dh t:jr lcls vfèkd Lo;a dks gksrh gSA ;fn O;fDr gj xyrh ij Lo;a dks mins'k nsdj lqèkj tk, rks fiQj nwljksa dks
oqQN dgus dh vko';drk ugha gksrhA nwljs yksx gekjs vkpj.k ls izHkkfor gksrs gSa] 'kCnksa vkSj mins'kksa ls ughaA izk;%
mins'kdksa dh dFkuh vkSj djuh esa cgqr varj gksrk gSA os Øksèk u djus dh lh[k nsrs&nsrs xqLls ls yky gks tkrs gSa] okluk
ls cpus dh lykg nsrs&nsrs ifrr gks tkrs gSa] 'kjkc ihdj 'kjkc osQ fo#¼ Hkk"k.k nsus yxrs gSaA ,d dfo us crk;k fd
mlus efnjkiku osQ fo#¼ dfork efnjk ihdj fy[kh gSA ,d funsZ'kd us crk;k fd mlus ?kwl nsdj Hkz"Vkpkj osQ fo#¼
cuh fiQYe ikl djkbZA ;s lc mnkgj.k thou ij xgjk dVk{k djrs gSaA okLro esa lPpk mins'k Lo;a dk vkpj.k gksrk
gSA ;fn dksbZ vè;kid Bhd le; ij d{kk esa izos'k dj tkrk gS rks fo|k£Fk;ksa dks ;g dgus dh vko';drk ugha jgrh
fd le; ij dke fd;k djksA os le;c¼ gksuk lh[k ysrs gSaA blfy, cq¼ us dgk Fkkμ^vIi nhiks Hko*μvius nhid vki
cuksA

vuqPNsn&ys[ku 19
42- eu osQ gkjs gkj gS eu osQ thrs thr

[CBSE 2018]
fopkj&¯cnqμ l fujk'kk vfHk'kki l n`f"Vdks.k ifjorZu l ldkjkRed lksp
fujk'kk v¡èksjk gSA tSls v¡èksjs esa lc jax [kks tkrs gSa] jkLrs [kks tkrs gSa] lM+osaQ] Hkou] ckx&cxhps [kks tkrs gSa] oLrq,¡
viuk jax&:i vkSj lkSan;Z [kks cSBrh gSaA lc vksj v¡èksjk gh v¡èksjk Nk tkrk gSA blh izdkj fujk'kk gksus ij gesa lkjh oLrq,¡
fujFkZd] O;FkZ] csdkj] cdokl vkSj tatky tku iM+rh gSaA tSls gh fujk'kk <yrh gS] vk'kk txrh gS] izdk'k gksrk gS] gesa
oLrq,¡ nh[kus yxrh gSa] muosQ jax&:i nh[kus yxrs gSa] jkLrs u”kj vkus yxrs gSa] iwQyksa osQ jax eksfgr djus yxrs gSa] i{kh
pgpgkrs nh[krs gSaA ifj.kkeLo:i gekjs eu esa Hkh [kjxks'k ls fdYyksy djus yxrs gSaA gekjh thou esa #fp tkxus yxrh
gSA vr% gesa le> ysuk pkfg, fd fujk'kk vfHk'kki gS vkSj vk'kk ojnkuA fujk'kk lM+d fdukjs ejk gqvk i'kq gS rks vk'kk
cxhps esa mNyrk&owQnrk [kjxks'kA blfy, thou thuk gS rks [kjxks'k&lk iqQndrk thou ft,¡A tc ;g dkeuk dk [kjxks'k
dku [kM+s djosQ fdYyksy djrk gS rks thou LoxZ&lk izrhr gksus yxrk gSA vk'k; ;gh gS fd thou esa ldkjkRed cuks]
vk'kkoku cuks] lwjt cuks] pk¡n cuks] v¡èksjs vkdk'k dh Nkrh ij rkjksa&lk pedksA ?ku?kksj frfej esa dkyh&dkyh vk¡[kksa okys
dkys mYyw u cuksA vk'kkoku yksx nqfu;k dk uD'kk cny nsrs gSaA xk¡èkh us] n;kuan us] foosdkuan us Hkkjr dk psgjk cnyk_
D;ksafd os vk'kkoknh FksA igys mUgksaus viuk eu thrk Fkk] fiQj nqfu;k muosQ ihNs pyus dks cspSu gks mBh FkhA
43- lRlaxfr osQ ykHk

[CBSE 2018]
fopkj&¯cnqμ lRlaxfr dk vFkZ

l l lRlaxfr dk thou ij izHkko l lRlaxfr osQ mnkgj.k l ekuo&thou
dh vfuok;Z vko';drk
lPps] lnk'k;] lPpfj=k yksxksa osQ lkFk laxr djus dks lRlaxfr dgrs gSaA lRlaxfr dk vlj lhèks gekjs ân; rd
gksrk gSA vr% tc ge lTtuksa osQ lkFk jgrs gSa rks mudh lPpkbZ dk izHkko gekjs eu ij iM+rk gSA mudh laxr esa ge
lR; osQ jkgh gks tkrs gSaA gekjh #fp;k¡ ifj"Ñr gks tkrh gSaA tc MkowQ vaxqfyeky egkRek cq¼ dh laxfr esa vk;k rks og
¯glk NksM+dj v¯gld cu x;kA fdrus gh lhèks&lPps yksxksa us egkRek xk¡èkh osQ lax jgdj viuk thou le£ir dj fn;kA
os vke nqfu;knkj euq"; ls Økafrdkjh ns'kHkDr cu x,A dksbZ vaxzst efgyk foosdkuan osQ lax jgdj lkèoh Hkfxuh fuosfnrk
cu xbZA fdrus gh HkDr lar&egkRekvksa osQ izopu lqu&lqudj ifo=krk dh jkg ij py iM+rs gSa_ viuh èku&laifÙk rd
nku esa ns nsrs gSaA vr% ftls vius thou dks lR; dh jkg ij pykuk gks] mlosQ fy, vko';d gS fd og lPps yksxksa
vkSj larksa&egkRekvksa osQ lkfUuè; esa jgsA okLor esa lPps yksx nhid osQ leku gksrs gSa tks vius vkyksd ls lkeus okyksa
osQ psgjksa ij Hkh izdk'k yk nsrs gSaA
44- thou esa ifjJe dk egÙo

[CBSE 2018]
fopkj&¯cnqμ ifjJe dk egÙo

l ifjJe dk Lo:i l l thou osQ izR;sd Lrj ij ifjJe dh
vko';drk ifjJe dh liQyrk dk ewy ea=k
l
thou dk gj deZ ifjJe pkgrk gSA ifjJe dk vFkZ osQoy oqQN esgur djuk ugha gSA oqQN Je djuk ^Je* gS]
êsgur* gSA vkfn ls var rd] liQyrk feyus rd deZ esa yxs jguk îfjJe* gSA izÑfr esa Hkh tks ?kfVr gks jgk gS] og

ifjJeiw.kZ gSA lwjt dk pkSchlksa ?kaVs viuh èkqjh ij izTofyr gksdj ?kweuk ifjJe gSA èkjrh dk viuh èkqjh ij vkSj lwjt
osQ pkjksa vksj ?kweuk Hkh ifjJe gSA fdlku dk cht cksus ls iQly dh dVkbZ rd lkjk deZ ifjJe gSA fo|kFkhZ dk iqLrd
[kjhnus ls ijh{kk&ifj.kke rd lkjk deZ ifjJe gSA ifjJe oqQN djuk Hkh gS] lkspuk Hkh gS] Hkkx&nkSM+ djuk Hkh gS vkSj
dHkh&dHkh Lo;a dks oqQN u djus ls jksduk Hkh gSA eu dj jgk gks fd bl ukyk;d dks ihV&ihV dj vèkejk dj nw¡]
ijarq Lo;a dks la;fer djuk] jksduk Hkh ?kksj ifjJe gSA thou dh gj ph”k osQ fy, ifjJe vko';d gSA oqQN Å¡ps in
,sls yxrs gSa tSls mu ij fuBYys&fudEes yksx cSBs jgrs gSaA nh[kus dks czã] fo".kq] egs'k Hkh vkjke dh eqnzk esa fn[kkbZ nsrs
gSaA ¯drq os 'kkarfpÙk gksdj gh viuh lkjh deZ&O;oLFkk dks l¡Hkkyrs gSaA vr% ifjJe fofoèk izdkj osQ gSaA dksbZ Hkh dk;Z
fcuk ifjJe osQ liQy ugha gks ldrkA ;gk¡ rd fd eq¡g ls [kk;k gqvk vUu Hkh tc rd ifjJeiwoZd ip u tk, vkSj
vuipk va'k 'kjhj ls ckgj u gks tk,] rc rd og liQy ugha dgykrkA ifjJe osQ fcuk thou dh dYiuk gh ugha dh
tk ldrhA
45- ¯”knxh ¯”knkfnyh dk uke gS

[CBSE 2015]
fopkj&¯cnqμ l fgEer vkSj mRlkg dk egÙo l la?k"kZ'khy thou dk vkuan l u;k tks'k l vkRelarks"k
fdlh 'kk;j us fy[kk gSμ

¯T + k nxh ¯T+k nkfnyh dk uke gS ]
eqnkZfny D;k [kkd ft;k djrs gSaA
ftuosQ eu esa ges'kk mRlkg] tks'k vkSj meax dk okl gksrk gS] ogh yksx lgh vFkks± esa ¯tnk gSaA blosQ foijhr tks
yksx ges'kk fujk'kk] mnklh vkSj nq[k osQ cknyksa ls f?kjs jgrs gSa] mudk thou fujFkZd gksrk gSA mRlkg osQ fy, fgEer dk
gksuk Hkh vko';d gksrk gSA fgEer vkSj mRlkg dk pksyh&nkeu dk lacaèk gSA tks Mjiksd gksrk gS] og dHkh dksbZ vPNk
dk;Z djus dk tksf[ke ugha mBk ldrkA okLro esa thou dk vlyh vkuan Hkh ogh mBkrk gS tks [krjs >sy ldrk gSA dgrs
gSaμMj osQ vkxs thr gSA Mj dks nwj Hkxkus osQ fy, Hkh VDdj ekjus dh rkdr vkSj nq[k lgus dh 'kfDr pkfg,A bl jkg
ij pkgs oqQN d"V vkSj ckèkk,¡ gksa] ¯drq vkRelarks"k cgqr xgjk gksrk gSA
46- tgk¡ pkg ogk¡ jkg

[CBSE 2015]
fopkj&¯cnqμ l bPNk'kfDr dk egÙo l bPNk,¡ vkSj thou&ewY; l ifjJe dh vis{kk de miyfCèk
euq"; osQ thou esa bPNk'kfDr dk cgqr egÙo gSA ge ftls vkuan dgrs gSa] og bPNk&iw£r dk gh ifj.kke gSA ;gh
dkj.k gS fd fdlh dks gyok&iwjh [kkus esa e”kk vkrk gS rks fdlh dks mls cukus vkSj f[kykus esaA okLro esa vkuan dk
vlyh Ïksr bPNk&iw£r gSA ;s bPNk,¡ euekuh Hkh gks ldrh gSa vkSj thou&ewY; ls la;fer Hkh gks ldrh gaSA euq"; thou
dk lcls cM+k y{; gSμlR; vkSj larks"k dh izkfIrA tks O;fDr lR; dks vius thou esa viuk ysrk gS] og vusd la?k"kZ
lgrk gqvk Hkh vkuan esa jgrk gSA mldk thou LokfHkeku ls Hkjk jgrk gSA og fdlh rqPN oLrq dh izkfIr osQ fy, fdlh
osQ lkeus vius gkFk ugha ilkjrkA ,sls yksx gh lekt thou dks jks'kuh nsrs gSaA ekuk fd ,slk lR;oknh thou cgqr dfBu
gksrk gS] ¯drq vlaHko ugha gksrkA tc dksbZ O;fDr lR; dks viuk ysrk gS rks jkg vius vki cuus yxrh gSA fdlh dfo
us Bhd gh fy[kk gSμ
,d iRFkj rks gok esa mNkyks ;kjks!
dksbZ f[kM+dh blh nhokj esa [kqy tk,xhAA

vuqPNsn&ys[ku 21
47- le; cgqewY; gS [Imp.]

[CBSE 2015]
fopkj&¯cnqμ l le; ykSVrk ugha l mfpr le; dk ykHk ysuk vko';d l dksbZ mnkgj.k
le; thou gSA bZ'oj ,d ckj ,d gh {k.k nsrk gS vkSj nwljk {k.k nsus ls igys mldks Nhu ysrk gSA le; gh ,d
,slh oLrq gS ftls [kksdj iqu% izkIr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA le; osQ lnqi;ksx dk vFkZ gSμmfpr volj ij mfpr dk;Z
iwjk dj ysukA tks O;fDr mi;qDr le; ij dk;Z ugha djrk] og le; dks u"V djrk gSA ,d fnu ,slk vkrk gS] tcfd
le; mldks u"V dj nsrk gSA tks Nk=k i<+us osQ le; ugha i<+rs] os ifj.kke vkus ij jksrs gSaA le; #drk ugha gSA ftldks
mldk mi;ksx djuk gS] mls rS;kj gksdj mlosQ vkus dh vfxze izrh{kk djuh pkfg,A tks tkfr le; dk lEeku djuk
tkurh gS] og viuh 'kfDr dks dbZ xquk c<+k ysrh gSA ;fn dk;kZy; osQ dk;Z Bhd le; ij laiUu gks tk,¡] deZpkjh le;
osQ ikcan gksa rks lc dk;Z lqfoèkk ls gks losaQxsA xk¡èkh th le; osQ ikcan FksA f'k{kkfon~ bZ'ojpanz fo|klkxj osQ Hkh dbZ fdLls
izfl¼ gSaA l`f"V dk lkjk pØ le; ls c¡èkk gqvk gSA vki gh lksfp,] ;fn ,d Hkh fnu èkjrh viuh èkqjh ij ?kweus esa nsjh
dj tk, rks ifj.kke D;k gksxk\ fouk'k vkSj egkfouk'kA vr% gesa le; dh egÙkk dks le>uk pkfg,A
48- fe=krk
[CBSE 2016]
fopkj&¯cnqμ l fe=krk D;k gS\ bldk egÙoμlPph fe=krk l vPNs fe=k] cqjs fe=k dh igpku l fe=krk
ls ykHk
euq"; Lo;a esa vèkwjk gSA mls vius lq[k&nq[k ck¡Vus osQ fy, rFkk vius eu dh ckr dgus osQ fy, Hkkxhnkj dh
vko';drk iM+rh gSA lPpk fe=k gh bl dk;Z dks dj ldrk gSA iapra=k esa dgk x;k gSμ^^tks O;fDr U;k;ky;] 'e'kku
vkSj foifÙk osQ le; lkFk nsrk gS mldks lPpk fe=k le>uk pkfg,A** fe=k dk pquko ckgjh ped&ned] pVd&eVd
;k oko~QiVqrk ns[kdj ugha djuk pkfg,A fe=krk lekurk osQ vkèkkj ij gksuh pkfg,A nksuksa osQ vkfFkZd Lrj esa vfèkd varj
ugha gksuk pkfg,A fe=k vius&ls cgqr vfèkd 'kfDr'kkyh Hkh ugha gksuk pkfg,A og lPpfj=k] ijnq[kdkrj rFkk fouez gksuk
pkfg,A fo'oklik=k fe=k dks ik ysuk cgqr cM+h miyfCèk gSA lPpk fe=k thou dh vuqie fufèk gSA og gesa lUekxZ ij
pyus dh izsj.kk nsrk gS] nks"kksa ls gekjh j{kk djrk gS] fujk'k gksus ij mRlkg nsrk gS] egku dk;ks± esa lgk;rk nsrk gSA fe=krk
dop osQ leku gekjh j{kk djrh gSA lPpk fe=k thou esa liQyrk dh oqaQth gSA fe=krk okLro esa ,d ubZ 'kfDr dh ;kstuk
gSA fe=k osQ lq[k vkSj lkSHkkX; dh ¯prk djus okyk lPpk fe=k cM+s HkkX; ls feyrk gSA fdlh us Bhd gh dgk gSμ^lPpk
izse nqyZHk gS] lPph fe=krk mlls Hkh nqyZHkA*
49- x;k le; gkFk ugha vkrk [Imp.]

¹CBSE 2015º
fopkj&¯cnqμ l le; ykSVrk ugha l mfpr le; dk mfpr ykHk ysuk vko';d l dksbZ mnkgj.k ;k
lwfDr
ftl izdkj chrk gqvk le; ykSVdj ugha vkrk] mlh izdkj chrk volj Hkh dHkh gkFk ugha vkrkA gesa mifLFkr
volj dk vfèkdkfèkd ykHk mBkus dk iz;Ru djuk pkfg,A ,slk dksbZ Hkh O;fDr lalkj esa ugha gS ftlosQ ikl HkkX;ksn;
dk volj ,d ckj u vkrk gks] ijarq tc og ns[krk gS fd og O;fDr mldk Lokxr djus osQ fy, rS;kj ugha gS rks og

myVs iSjksa ykSV tkrk gSA izfl¼ mfDr gSμ^le; fueZe gSA og fdlh dh izrh{kk ugha djrkA* vr% volj mifLFkr gksus
ij lkSHkkX; osQ dks"k dks vo'; xzg.k dj ysuk pkfg,] ojuk og vU; fdlh dh Fkkyh esa tk ldrk gSA lnSo HkkX; osQ
èkkxksa dks dkSu ns[k ldrk gSA {k.k&Hkj osQ fy, fgrdkjh volj vkrk gSA ge mls u"V dj nsrs gSa vkSj bl izdkj eghuksa
rFkk o"kks± dk uk'k gks tkrk gSA fdlh us Bhd gh dgk gSμ^vc iNrk, gksr D;k] tc fpfM+;k pqx xbZ [ksrA*
50- la;e gh lnkpkj gS

[CBSE]
fopkj&¯cnqμ l ^la;e* 'kCn ls rkRi;Z l lnkpkjh dkSu l lnkpkj vkSj uSfrdrk l lnkpkj osQ xq.k
^la;e* dk vFkZ gSμmfpr fu;a=k.kA ^le~* dk vFkZ gSμmfprA ^;e* dk vFkZ gSμfu;a=k.kA ogh O;fDr lnkpkjh
dgykrk gS tks vPNk vkpj.k djrk gSA lnkpkjh O;fDr dk eu Hkh papy gksrk gSA papy eu mls HkVdkrk gS]
cgykrk&iqQlykrk gSA ijarq lnkpkjh O;fDr la;e dh 'kfDr ls papyrk ij jksd yxkrk gSA og mfpr bPNk dks vknj nsrk
gS vkSj vuqfpr ^dkeuk* dks budkj dj nsrk gSA lgh vFkks± esa ;gh ln~uhfr gS] ;gh uSfrdrk gSA uSfrdrk dk ,dek=k vFkZ
gSμmfpr ekus tkus okys vkpj.k dks viukuk vkSj vuqfpr ij jksd yxkukA izk;% v¯glk] izse] 'kkafr] lg;ksx] fe=krk vkfn
xq.k lnkpkj osQ varxZr vkrs gSaA buosQ foijhr ¯glk] Øks/] }s"k] okluk vkfn nqxZq.k lnkpkj osQ fojks/h ekus tkrs gSaA ;fn
lnkpkjh cuuk gS rks osQoy 'kqHk ekxZ ij pyuk gh ,d dke ugha gS] v'kqHk dk;ks± ls cpuk Hkh ,d dke gSA
iz'u vkSj vH;kl
fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa osQ ¯cnqvksa osQ vkèkkj ij 80&100 'kCnksa esa vuqPNsn fyf[k,μ
1- tSlh laxfr cSfB, rSlksbZ iQy nhu
¹fopkj&¯cnqμ laxfr dk izHkko vko';d
l l nqtZuksa dk izHkko l lTtuksa dk izHkko l fe=k&,d
'kfDrº
2- xk¡oksa ls 'kgjksa esa iyk;u
¹fopkj&¯cnqμ xk¡o&;kfu fiNM+kiu
l l lM+d] ifjogu] f'k{kk] fpfdRlk] lcdk vHkko [ksrh dk l
lkeku Hkh 'kgjksa esa l iQlyksa dh eaMh Hkh uxj esa fodkl dk <ax xyr
l ljdkj dk drZO;μxk¡o
l
esa vko';d lqfoèkk,¡ tqVk,º

3- yM+dk&yM+dh ,d leku [CBSE]
¹fopkj&¯cnqμ Hkxoku dh u”kjksa esa yM+dk&yM+dh cjkcj
l nksuksa esa osQoy ¯yx&varj
l iq#"k 'kjhj l
vkSj LoHkko ls dBksj L=kh dksey

l nksuksa ,d&nwljs osQ iwjd
l nksuksa eas varj djuk vU;k;
l
l ukjh dks dksey ekudj nckuk ikiº

4- c<+rs vijkèk
¹fopkj&¯cnqμ Hkkjr esa vijkèkksa dk c<+uk
l dkj.kμfiQYes]a pdkpkSèa k&Hkjh ¯”knxh dk vkd"kZ.k
l laLdkjksa l
dk vHkko ekrk&firk rFkk xq#tuksa dh Hkwfedk

l ukSdjh dk u gksuk
l lqj{kk&mik;ksa dh deh
l
lU;k; dk u feyukº

vuqPNsn&ys[ku 23
5- Hkkjr esa lw[ks dh leL;k [CBSE 2012]

¹fopkj&¯cnqμ lw[ks osQ dkj.k
l l izHkko l cpus osQ mik;º
6- Hkkjrh; Ñ"kd [CBSE 2014]
¹laosQr ¯cnqμ izkphu :i
l l orZeku :i l mUufr osQ mik; l 'kkldh; Lrj ij n'kk&lqèkkjº
7- L=kh&f'k{kk [CBSE 2014]
¹laosQr ¯cnqμ vko';drk
l l c<+rs vk¡dM+s l larku rFkk lekt ij izHkkoº
8- eu osQ gkjs gkj gS eu osQ thrs thr [CBSE 2014]
¹laosQr ¯cnqμ vkRefo'okl ;k eukscy dk egÙo
l l thr eSnku esa ugha eu esa l O;fDrRo&fuekZ.k dk
vkèkkjº
9- IykfLVd dh nqfu;k [CBSE 2014]
¹laosQr ¯cnqμ IykfLVd dk foLrkj
l l uqdlku l lhek,¡º
10- vkt dh cpr dy dk lq[k [CBSE 2015]
¹laosQr ¯cnqμ cpr dk vFkZ o Lo:i
l l nq[knk;d fLFkfr;ksa esa cpr dk egÙo l orZeku rFkk Hkfo";
dks lqjf{kr djukº
11- esjh fnup;kZ [CBSE 2015]
¹laosQr ¯cnqμ izkr% ls lk;a rd osQ fØ;kdyki
l l vè;;u o [ksyowQn dk le; l larqyu vko';dº
12- ngst izFkkμ,d vfHk'kki [CBSE 2016]
¹laosQr ¯cnqμ lkekftd leL;k
l l jksdFkke osQ mik; l ;qodksa dk drZO;º
13- vkdk'k dh Å¡pkb;ksa dks Nwrk ekuo [CBSE 2016]
¹laosQr ¯cnqμ ekuo dk vnE; lkgl
l l fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa fodkl l fofHkUu miyfCèk;k¡º
14- esjs uxj esa Hkh gqvk fodkl [CBSE 2016]
¹laosQr ¯cnqμ jk"Vªh; jktekxZ dk fodkl
l l O;kikj&osaQnzksa dk fodkl l turk osQ fy, vPNh vkSj
vfèkd lqfoèkk,¡º
15- fo|ky; esa esjk igyk fnu [CBSE 2016]
¹laosQr ¯cnqμ izkFkZuk lHkk dk vkuan
l l lgikfB;ksa ls ifjp; l fo'ks"k vuqHkoº
16- lrr vH;kl osQ ykHk [CBSE 2016]
¹laosQr ¯cnqμ vH;kl dk egÙo
l l egkiq#"kksa osQ mnkgj.k l fu"d"kZº
17- fnYyh esVªks ls esjh ;k=kk [CBSE 2017]
¹fopkj&¯cnqμ izos'k ls iwoZ
l l Vsªu esa l izHkkoº
18- iqLrosaQ i<+us dh vknr [CBSE 2017]
¹fopkj&¯cnqμ i<+us dh ?kVrh izo`fÙk
l l dkj.k vkSj gkfu l i<+us dh vknr ls ykHkº

2- lans'k&ys[ku
vktdy lks'ky ehfM;k dk tekuk gSA yksx vius fe=kks]a fj'rsnkjks]a O;kolkf;d fe=kksa vkSj vU; caèkqvksa dks fofoèk lan's k
Hkstrs gSaA lans'k ekuoh; lacaèkksa dks cuk, j[kus dk lokZsÙke lkèku gSA vktdy ;g lkèku bruk lLrk] vklku] rhoz vkSj
lqyHk gks x;k gS fd yxHkx lHkh yksx fdlh&u&fdlh volj ij lans'k Hkstrs gSaA
lans'k&ys[ku esa fuEufyf[kr xq.k gksus pkfg,μ
• lans'k laf{kIr vkSj Li"V gksuk pkfg,A 30&40 'kCnksa dh lhek i;kZIr gksrh gSA blls cM+s lans'k è;ku&ls ugha i<+s
tkrsA
• lans'k esa uohurk] rk”kxh vkSj ekSfydrk gksuh pkfg,A rHkh og #fpdj curk gSA jVs&jVk, lans'k izk;% i<+s ugha
tkrsA
• lans'k esa izkIrdrkZ dk uke ;k laosQr gksuk pkfg,A fcuk lacksèku osQ lans'k izHkko ugha NksM+rsA
• ;fn ,d O;fDr osQ fy, lans'k gks rks mlosQ uke ls lacksèku gksuk pkfg,A ;fn lans'k ,dkfèkd yksxksa osQ uke gks
rks mlesa fuEufyf[kr lacksèku gks ldrs gSaμ
fiz; caèkq!
fiz; fe=k!@l[kh!
fiz; lnL;x.k!
fiz; fo|k£Fk;ks!@fo|k£Fkx.k!
vknj.kh; xq#tu!
fiz; ukxfjd&x.k!@uxjokfl;ks!
fiz; ns'kokfl;ks!
• lans'k x| esa Hkh gks ldrk gS vkSj dfork esa HkhA og x|&i| dk feJ.k Hkh gks ldrk gSA
• lans'k esa fp=kksa ;k izrhdkRed fp=kksa dk Hkh mi;ksx gks ldrk gSA
• ;fn lans'k&ys[ku fdlh cM+s lewg osQ fy, gks rks lacksèku ,d lnL; dks gks ;k lHkh lnL;ksa dks ,d&lkFk\ ;g
iz'u fopkj.kh; gSA ;fn vko';d u gks rks lacksèku ,d O;fDr dks gksuk pkfg,] u fd lHkh dks ,d&lkFkA
mnkgj.kr%
lgh (4) xyr (8)
fiz; caèkq! fiz; caèkqvks!
fiz; izfrfufèk! fiz; izfrfufèk;ks!
fiz; uxjoklh! fiz; uxjokfl;ks!
fiz; lnL;! fiz; lnL;x.k!
• ok£"kd ijh{kk esa lan's k&ys[ku dh 'kCn&lhek 30&40 'kCn r; dh xbZ gSA vr% fo|k£Fk;kas dks pkfg, fd os lacksèku
vkSj Louke&ys[ku lfgr 30&40 'kCn gh [kpZ djsaA
24

lans'k&ys[ku 25
• lans'k&ys[ku osQ lkFk lans'k&ys[kd dk uke Hkh vkuk pkfg,A ;g uke&ys[ku lans'k&ys[ku osQ uhps vkuk pkfg,]
u fd ÅijA
• lans'k&ys[kd dk uke vosQyk i;kZIr gSA ijarq ;fn vosQys uke ls izkIrdrkZ dks Hkze gksus dh xaqtkb'k gks rks lkFk
eSa viuh igpku crkus osQ fy, uxj] nwjHkk"k] in vkfn dk mYys[k dj nsuk pkfg,A mnkgj.kr;k ;fn vkidk uke
efYydk gS ijarq efYydk uke dh yM+fd;k¡ rks vusd gks ldrh gSaA blfy, mlosQ lkFk viuh igpku lqfuf'pr
djus osQ fy, efYydk #nzk tSlk uke fy[k nsuk pkfg,A
• ;fn vki fdlh lewg osQ lnL; osQ ukrs lans'k fy[k jgs gSa rks vius uke osQ lkFk in dk mYys[k djsaA ;Fkkμ
1- txnh'k feÙky
jk"Vªh; dfo laxe
2- èkuat;
lfpo] laxe fogkj] fnYyh
'kqHkdkeuk lans'k!
'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k esa lnk lans'k izkIrdrkZ dh izlUurk] oqQ'kyrk] liQyrk vkSj LokLF; dh dkeuk dh tkrh gSA
izk;% 'kqHkdkeuk fdlh volj ij nh tkrh gSA tSlsμ
• ijh{kkvksa osQ volj ij
• ijh{kk&ifj.kke vkus osQ volj ij
• tUe&fnol ij
• fookg dh o"kZxk¡B osQ volj ij
• chekjh osQ volj ij
• fdlh yach ;k=kk osQ volj ij
• u;k dk;Z ;k ukSS djh dh 'kq#vkr osQ volj ij
• fookg ij
• x`g&izos'k ij
• nqdku osQ mn~?kkVu ij
• fdlh [ksy izfr;ksfxrk ;k eSp ls igys
• vkus okyh Nqfêð;ksa ls igys
• DokjaVhu (i`Fko~Qokl) osQ fy,
• egkekjh ls cpus osQ fy,
• nhokyh! bZnA fØlfel vkfn ioks± ij
+ 'kqHkdkeuk esa volj dk mYys[k vo'; gksuk pkfg,A mlh volj osQ vuqlkj izkIrdrkZ dh 'kqHkdkeuk djuh
pkfg,A ;fn volj ijh{kk ;k fØosQV eSp dk gS rks liQyrk] oqQ'kyrk] 'kfDr vkSj mUufr dh dkeuk djuh pkfg,A ;fn
volj chekjh dk gS rks 'kqHkdkeuk LokLF;] oqQ'kyrk vkSj izlUurk dh gksuh pkfg,A ;fn volj tUe&fnol dk gks rks
'kqHkdkeuk esa izlUurk vkSj nh?kkZ;q 'kCn vkus pkfg,A ^fookg* ;k ô"kZxk¡B* tSls voljksa ij ;qxy thou dh liQyrk dh dkeuk
gksuh pkfg,A

lans'k&ys[ku dk izk:i
,d vPNs lans'k&ys[ku dk izk:i bl izdkj gksuk pkfg,A
• lacksèku
• 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k
• lans'k&izs"kd dk uke
,d mnkgj.kμ
fiz; fiz'kk!
rqEgkjs nloha d{kk esa izos'k ij <sj lkjh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!
eLrh vkSj vkuan esa ft;ks!
i<+kbZ esa u, dh£reku LFkkfir djksA
rqEgkjh cqvk
lqjfHk
oqQN egÙoiw.kZ lans'k

1- dksjksuk ok;jl ls cps jgus osQ fy, viuh l[kh dks lans'k fyf[k,A
fiz; fLuXèkk!
eu djrk gS rqEgkjs lkFk ?kwew¡] cSBw¡] xIisa yM+kÅ¡A ijarq ;g dksjksuk ?kkr yxk, cSBk gSA blfy, ,d lqjf{kr xksys
esa jgksA eSa Hkh esa lqjf{kr jgw¡xh rkfd ge fiQj&ls pgd losaQA
rqEgkjh fiz;k
2- nloha dh ijh{kkvksa osQ fy, 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fyf[k,A
fiz; gsesanz!
rqEgkjh nloha d{kk dh ijh{kk,¡ vk xbZ gSaA esjh dkeuk gS fd rqe gj ijh{kk esa u osQoy liQy gks] vfirq u,
dh£reku LFkkfir djksA esjh vksj ls liQyrk dh <sj lkjh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!
rqEgkjk ujsanz
3- xksvk&Hkze.k djus tk jgs vius HkkbZ dks 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fyf[k,A
fiz; HkS;k!
xksvk&;k=kk dh vfxze 'kqHkdkeuk,¡! vki vius fe=kksa osQ lkFk xksvk osQ leqnz&rVksa dk vkSj jksekapd [ksyksa dk Hkjiwj
vkuan ysaA
vuar 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!
vkidk vk'kh"k

lans'k&ys[ku 27
4- vkiosQ pkpk vius u, ?kj esa izos'k djus tk jgs gSaA mUgsa 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fyf[k,A
vknj.kh; pkpk th!
vius u, fuokl dh <sj lkjh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡! ;g u;k vkokl gj rjg ls lq[ke;] vkjkenk;d vkSj vkuane; gksA
vki ifjOkkj&lfgr thou osQ lHkh vkuan ys losaQA cèkkb;k¡!!
vkidk lfpu
5- dksjksuk ok;jl ls Hk;Hkhr okrkoj.k esa gkSlyk c<+kus okyk lans'k fyf[k,A
ekuk dksjksuk v¡èksjh xqiQk gS
¯drq og izdk'k ls c<+dj FkksM+h gSA
v¡èksjs esa ?kcjkb, ughaA
izdk'k dks fuea=k.k nhft,! vkSj izrh{kk dhft,!
tc lq[k ugha jgk rks nq[k Hkh vo'; fonk gksxkA
eqLdjkuk lhf[k,μv¡èksjs esa HkhA
6- igyh ckj gokbZ&;k=kk dk vkuan ysus okys fe=k dks 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fyf[k,A
fiz; gjsanz
igyh gokbZ ;k=kk dh <sjksa 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!
rqEgkjh ;g ;k=kk jksekapd] vkuannk;d vkSj dkSrqgyiw.kZ gksA gokbZ vM~Mksa dh lqanj O;oLFkk,¡] lqj{kk&O;oLFkk vkSj
gok esa mM+us dk lq[k rqEgsa vkuan ls Hkj nsA
rqEgkjh cgu
'khyk
7- ukSdjh yxus ij 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
fiz; lksukyh!
igyh ukSdjh dh <sjksa 'kqHkdkeuk,¡A
rqe bruh esgur vkSj fu"Bk ls dke djks fd vPNh&ls&vPNh ukSdfj;k¡ rqEgkjs vkxs&ihNs ?kwesaA esjh vksj ls
cgqr&cgqr cèkkb;k¡A
rqEgkjh izsj.kk
8- rqEgkjs HkkbZ osQ ;gk¡ yM+dh us tUe fy;k gSA 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
I;kjs HkS;k&HkkHkh th!
<sj lkjh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!
?kj esa esjh I;kjh Hkrhth vkbZ gSA vc ?kj esa [kqf'k;k¡ gh [kqf'k;k¡ gksaxhA pgy&igy! jaxfcjaxs izQkd] fdydkjh] g¡lh!
okg! 'kqHkdkeuk,¡AA tYnh vkÅ¡xhA I;kjh ¯Vdh dks I;kj!!
vkidh usgk
9- ukSdjh esa mUufr ikus ij 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fy[kks (vius fe=k dks)A
fiz; egs'k!
HkkbZ] mUufr osQ fy, vla[; 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!

esjh dkeuk gS fd rqe vius dke] dkS'ky vkSj O;ogkj osQ cy ij Å¡ps&ls&Å¡ps in ij igq¡pks vkSj viuh oaQiuh
dks lksuk cuk nks! esjh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡ lnk rqEgkjs lkFk gSaA
rqEgkjk fe=k
ujs'k
10- nknk th us ubZ dkj [kjhnh gSA 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
I;kjs nknk th!
ubZ dkj osQ fy, <sj lkjh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!
vc vki [kwc ;k=kk,¡ djsaμvk,¡&tk,¡! gesa Hkh [kwc lSj djk,¡! ubZ dkj ubZ [kqf'k;ksa dk [ktkuk cusA
vkidk fiz;
¯pVw
11- vkidh ekrkth us eksckby [kjhnk gSA 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
fiz; ekrk th!
u, eksckby dh <sjksa 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!
vc vki fnu esa ftruh ckj pkgsa gels ckr dj ldrh gSaA blesa jkek;.k&egkHkkjr Hkh gSa] fiQYesa Hkh vkSj lans'kksa
dk HkaMkj HkhA ;g eksckby vkidks [kq'kh ns] O;Lr j[ks vkSj eLr j[ksA
vkidk lqiq=k
lqdke
12- vkiosQ fe=k us fØosQV&eSp thrus esa 100 ju cuk,A 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fyf[k,A
fiz; izoh.k!
rqEgkjh vts; 'krdh; ikjh osQ fy, cgqr&cgqr cèkkb;k¡A
rqe ,sls gh pkSdksa&NDdksa vkSj 'krdksa dh o"kkZ djrs jgksA rqEgsa [ksyrs ns[kdj cgqr vPNk yxrk gSA
vkSj mUufr djksA 'kqHkdkeuk,¡A
rqEgkjk yksosQ'k
13- rqEgkjh l[kh dh ykVjh yxh gSA 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fy[kksA
fiz; uhfyek
<sjksa 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!
rqEgkjh nl yk[k dh ykVjh fudyh gSA fdLer okyh gksA [kq'k jgks] mUufr djksA oqQN iSlk nku djksA oqQN fe=kksa
ij [kpZ djksA rqEgkjk HkkX; blh rjg lkSHkkX; dh o"kkZ djrk jgsA
rqEgkjh vkf'kek
14- lqu;uk nhnh dh lxkbZ gks xbZ gSA 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
esjh I;kjh lqu;uk!
g”kkjksa&g”kkjksa cèkkb;k¡!
rqEgkjk ;g u;k lacaèk rqEgkjs thou dks vuar [kqf'k;ksa ls Hkj nsA rqe vkyksd osQ lkFk liuksa tSlh eèkqj ¯”knxh ft;ks
vkSj thou osQ lkjs lq[k ikvksA ,d ckj fiQj&ls cèkkbZ!
rqEgkjh vuhrk

lans'k&ys[ku 29
15- vius ekek osQ fookg ij 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A

vknj.kh; ekek th
vkidks fookg dh vufxur 'kqHkdkeuk,¡A
vkidk oSokfgd thou lq[ke; gks] vkuane; gks vkSj lalkj dh lHkh [kqf'k;ksa ls Hkjiwj gks! Hkxoku vki ij Ñikyq
gksA
ikFkZ
16- vkidk fe=k nq?kZVukxzLr gks x;k gSA 'kqHkdkeuk nhft,A
fiz; johan!z
esjh Hkxoku ls izkFkZuk gS fd rqe tYnh LoLFk gks tkvksA rqEgkjs ?kko Hkj tk,¡A rqe vkjke djks] fuHkZ; cuks vkSj
bZ'oj ij Hkjkslk j[kksA mldh Ñik ls rqe tYnh Bhd gks tkvksxsA esjh vksj ls vuar 'kqHkdkeuk,¡A
fouhr
17- vkidh fe=k dh ekrk th dk nsgkar gks x;k gSA ,d lkaRouk&lans'k fyf[k,A
fiz; lqxaèkk!
ekrk th dh vle; e`R;q ij gk£nd laosnuk!
mudk vpkud pys tkuk cgqr cM+k vk?kkr gSA ijarq Hkxoku dh bPNk osQ vkxs fdlh dk o'k ughaA rqe èkS;Z j[kukA
'kksd dh bl ?kM+h esa eSa ges'kk rqEgkjs lkFk [kM+h gw¡A
rqEgkjh larks"k
18- rqEgkjh ek¡ chekj gSaA 'kqHkdkeuk&i=k fy[kksA
iwT; ekrk th!
lknj pj.k&Li'kZ! vki 'kh?kz LoLFk gksAa fu;fer nokbZ ysrs jgs]a vkjke djsAa ?kj osQ dkeksa ls cpsAa ykijokgh fcYoqQy
u djsaA vkSj lcls cM+h ckr! eq>s vius ikl le>saA eSa Hkxoku ls fur ;gh izkFkZuk d:¡xk fd vki 'kh?kz&ls&'kh?kz
LoLFk gksaA
vkidk ¯cVw
19- firkth osQ tUe&fnol ij 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
iwT; firk th!
lknj pj.k&Li'kZ! vkiosQ 55 osa tUefnol ij <sjksa 'kqHk&dkeuk,¡! vki ges'kk dh rjg LoLFk] izlUu vkSj ¯tnkfny
cus jgsaA ge ifjokj osQ lHkh lnL; vkidh lq[k&le`f¼ dh dkeuk djrs gSaA
vkidk iq=k
los'Z k
20- vkidk lkFkh dksjksuk&xzLr gks x;k gSA mls okV~lvi ij 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fyf[k,A
fiz; fges'k!
Hkxoku rqEgsa dksjksuk ls yM+us dh 'kfDr nsA rqe vosQysiu dks [kq'kh&[kq'kh fuHkkvksA lcls nwj jgdj Hkh izlUu jgksA
¯pfrr fcYoqQy Hkh u gksA rqe tYnh gh LoLFk gks tkvksxsA esjh vksj ls 'kh?kz LoLFk gksus dh 'kqHkdkeuk!
rqEgkjk egsanz

21- rqEgkjk fe=k jkT; dh fØosQV Vhe esa pquk x;k gSA 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fy[kksA
fiz; xtjkt!
fØosQV&flrkjk cuus dh jkg esa rqeus igyk dne j[k fn;k gSA esjh vksj ls vuar 'kqHkdkeuk,¡! ;qojkt dh rjg
Ng xsanksa ij Ng NDosQ Bksdks vkSj iwjs lalkj esa Nk tkvksA <sj lkjh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!
rqEgkjk lfpu
22- rqEgkjs HkkbZ us ubZ eksVjlkbfdy [kjhnh gSA mlosQ fy, 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
HkS;k vfer!
ubZ ckbd osQ fy, gk£nd 'kqHkdkeuk,¡! bldk Hkjiwj lq[k vkSj vkuan ysaA thou esa vkxs c<+us osQ fy, bldk Hkjiwj
mi;ksx djsaA eq>s [kq'kh gqbZ dHkh&dHkh eq>s Hkh pykus dk ekSdk feysxkA
vkidk lqfer
23- vkiosQ fe=k dks vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh- fnYyh esa izos'k feyk gSA 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
fiz; lq'khy!
vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh- fnYyh esa izos'k feyus ij esjh vksj ls <sjksa 'kqHkdkeuk,¡! Hkxoku djs] rqe [kwc mUufr djksA èku vkSj
;'k dekvksA vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh- esa Hkh viuh izfrHkk ls uke v£tr djksA yk[kksa cèkkb;k¡!
rqEgkjk fou;
24- rqEgkjk fe=k igyh ckj Nk=kkokl esa tk jgk gSA mlosQ fy, 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
fiz; latho!
Nk=kkokl thou osQ fy, vuar 'kqHkdkeuk,¡! ?kj osQ vuq'kklu ls nwj viuh bPNk ls thus dk Hkh vyx lq[k gSA
rqe bl ubZ ¯”knxh dk Hkjiwj vkuan yksA ftl dke osQ fy, x, gks] mls ;kn j[krs gq, euokafNr thou ft;ksA
esjh vksj ls 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!
rqEgkjk jktho
25- rqEgkjk fe=k dksjksuk&ladV osQ fnuksa esa xjhcksa dh lsokFkZ dke esa yxk gSA mlosQ fy, 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
fiz; loZfe=k!
rqe dksjksuk&ladV ls ihfM+r yksxksa dh lsok osQ fy, vius uxj&iz'kklu dh lgk;rk dj jgs gksA ;g cgqr egku
dk;Z gSA eq>s rqe ij xoZ gSA rqEgsa bldk iq.; izkIr gksxkA esjh vksj ls vuar 'kqHkdkeuk,¡A ;'kLoh cuksA
rqEgkjk fe=k
yksoQs 'k
26- rqEgkjk fe=k xjhc cPpksa dh eqÝr i<+kbZ esa yxk gSA mls 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
fiz; lkSjHk!
rqe bathfu;¯jx osQ lkFk&lkFk xjhc cLrh osQ cPpksa dks eqÝr i<+kus osQ fy, Hkh tk jgs gksA ;g lqudj esjk ân;
xnxn gks mBkA lkSjHk eq>s rqe ij xoZ gSA rqe egku gksA esjh vksj ls gk£nd 'kqHkdkeuk,¡! rqEgkjk ;g lsok&Hkko
rqEgsa cgqr Å¡pkb;k¡ iznku djsA
rqEgkjk ân;s'kA

lans'k&ys[ku 31
27- rqEgkjs fe=k us bathfu;¯jx dh ukSdjh NksMd

+ j lekt&lsok osQ fy, thou v£ir dj fn;k gSA mls 'kqHkdkeuk&lan's k
nhft,A
fiz; ikFkZ!
rqe okLro esa egku gksA vPNh&Hkyh ukSdjh NksM+dj lekt&lsok osQ dke esa v£ir gksuk cgqr&gh dfBu lkèkuk
gSA bls gh ri dgrs gSaA bl riLoh thou osQ fy, esjh vksj ls vuar 'kqHkdkeuk,¡! rqe vius thou dks vkuan
ls ft;ksA liQy ls vfèkd lkFkZd cuksA
rqEgkjk va'k
28- gksyh osQ volj ij vius fe=k dks 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fyf[k,A
gksyh dk jaxfcjaxk R;ksgkj
vkiosQ thou esa jax] [kq'kh vkSj vkuan dh o"kkZ djsA
vkidks gksyh dh vusdkusd 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!!
29- vius fe=k dks nhikoyh dh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡ fyf[k,A
fiz; vfuy!
nhokyh dk txexkrk R;ksgkj rqEgkjs thou esa vkuan] T;ksfr vkSj [kqf'k;k¡ Hkj nsA
vkidks vkSj vkiosQ ifjokj dks nhokyh dh <sj lkjh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!!
30- vius fe=k dks tUek"Veh dh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡ nhft,A
fiz; euksgj!
tUek"Veh dk ;g iq.; R;ksgkj rqEgkjs thou esa
meax] mYykl vkSj vkuan dh o"kkZ djsA
Hkxoku Ñ".k viuh ck¡lqjh ls rqEgkjs thou dks jle; cuk nsaA
tUek"Veh dh <sj lkjh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!!
rqEgkjk vfuyA
31- vius fe=k dks jkeuoeh dh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡ fy[ksaA
fiz; eaxy!
vkidks jkeuoeh dh <sj lkjh 'kqHkdkuk,¡!
gj v¡èksjs ls yM+ks jke dh rjg!
e;kZnk esa jgks jke dh rjg!!
;'kLoh cuks jke dh rjg!!!
esjh vksj ls vuar 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!
rqEgkjk iouA
32- xq# xks¯on ¯lg th osQ tUeksRlo ij vius fe=k dks 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
fiz; cythr!
xq# xks¯on ¯lg th egkjkt osQ tUefnol dh <sjksa 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!
xq# th dk R;kx] cfynku] la?k"kZ vkSj leiZ.k

gesa Hkh v¡èksjs ls yM+us dh rkdr
vkSj 'k=kq ij fot; ikus dh 'kfDr nsA
rqEgkjk fe=k 'kqHkeA
33- bZn dh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡
fiz; pk¡n!
I;kj] eksgCcr vkSj HkkbZpkjk pk¡nuh dh rjg rqEgkjs thou esa iSQy tk,A
rqe iQyks] iwQyks vkSj izlUu jgksA
rqEgsa bZn dh <sjksa 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!!
rqEgkjk fodklA
34- fØlel osQ R;ksgkj ij vius fe=k tkWu vczkfge dks 'kqHkdkuk&lans'k HkstsaA
fiz; vczkfge!
fØlel dk ikou R;ksgkj rqEgkjs thou dks g"kZ
mYykl vkSj vkuan ls ifjiw.kZ djs!
rqEgsa lq[k&le`f¼ vkSj Lusg ls Hkjiwj dj ns!
fØlel dh vuar 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!!
rqEgkjk fouezA
35- cq¼ t;arh dh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡
fiz; losZ'k
vIi nhiks Hko!
ge vius nhid Lo;a cusaA
vius vkuan dks vius Hkhrj [kkstsaA
viuk jkLrk Lo;a r; djsaA
cq¼ t;arh dh eaxydkeuk,¡!!
rqEgkjh vijkftrkA
36- x.kra=k fnol dh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡
fiz; tkosn!
ge vius fd, gq, oknksa dks [kqn ;kn j[kas!
vius ladYiksa ij n`<+ jgsa!
vius lafoèkku ij vkLFkk j[ksaA
lafoèkku gekjs x.kra=k dk vkèkkj gSA
vkidks x.kra=k fnol dh <sjksa 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!!
rqEgkjk vlheA

lans'k&ys[ku 33
iz'u&vH;kl
1- vius NksVs HkkbZ dks tUefnol dk 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
2- viuh lgsyh dks cksMZ ijh{kk esa vPNs vad izkIr djus ij 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fyf[k,A
3- vkiosQ pkpk th fons'k ;k=kk ij tk jgs gSaA 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k Hksft,A
4- cM+h cgu dks ukSdjh fey xbZA 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
5- vius nksLr dks nhikoyh dh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡ fy[kdj Hksft,A
6- vkiosQ iwQiQk th dk LokLF; [kjkc gSA tYn Bhd gksus dh 'kqHkdkeuk nhft,A
7- vkidh ppsjh cgu nloha esa vPNs vad ugha yk ikbZA le>krs gq, 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
8- firkth dks gksyh dh 'kqHkdkeuk nhft,A
9- vkiosQ ?kj esa ,d uUgk esgeku vk;k gSA HkS;k&HkkHkh dks 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
10- vkiosQ fe=k us lkbfdy [kjhnh gSA 'kqHkdkeuk nhft,A
11- egkjk.kk izrki t;arh osQ volj ij 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fyf[k,A
12- egkf'kojkf=k osQ volj ij vius fe=k dks 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fyf[k,A
13- x.ks'k prqFkhZ osQ volj ij 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
14- x.kra=k fnol osQ volj ij 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
15- Lora=krk fnol osQ volj ij 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
16- xk¡èkh t;arh osQ volj ij 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fyf[k,A
17- rqylh t;arh osQ volj ij vius fe=k dks 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fyf[k,A
18- edj laØkafr osQ volj ij 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
19- yksgM+h osQ volj ij vius fe=k dks 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
20- uo o"kZ osQ vkxeu ij vius fe=k dks 'kqHkdkeuk nhft,A
21- fot;n'keh osQ volj ij vius fe=k dks 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k nhft,A
22- j{kkcaèku osQ volj ij viuh cgu dks 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k nhft,A
23- vkiosQ fe=k us ,d fiQYe esa vfHku; fd;k gSA mls 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k nhft,A
24- vkiosQ fe=k us ,d ;w&V~;wc pSuy cuk;k gS] mls 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k nhft,A
25- vkiosQ fe=k us ,d fiQYe esa xkuk xk;k gS] mls 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k Hksft,A
26- vkiosQ fe=k dk p;u Hkkjrh; ok;q lsuk esa gks x;k gS] mlosQ fy, 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A
27- vkidh l[kh us C;wVh ikyZj [kksyk gS] mls 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k nhft,A
28- vkidh lgsyh dk izos'k esfMdy dkWyst esa gks x;k gS] mls 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A

lSia y isilZ
xksYMu lSaiy isijμ1
¯gnh (dksl&Z ,)
d{kkμX
fuèkkZfjr le; % 3 ?kaVs vf/dre vad % 80
funsZ'k % I. bl iz'u&i=k osQ pkj [kaM gSaμd] [k] x vkSj ?kA
II. pkjksa [kaMksa osQ iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsuk vfuok;Z gSA
III. ;FkklaHko izR;sd [kaM osQ mÙkj ozQe'k% nhft,A
[kaM ^d*
1- fuEufyf[kr vifBr x|ka'k dks i<+dj uhps fn, x, ç'uksa osQ mÙkj nhft,μ 10
lalkj osQ lHkh ns'kksa esa f'kf{kr O;fDr dh lcls igyh igpku ;g gksrh gS fd og viuh ekr`Hkk"kk esa n{krk ls dke
dj ldrk gSA osQoy Hkkjr gh ,d ,slk ns'k gS ftlesa f'kf{kr O;fDr og le>k tkrk gS tks viuh ekr`Hkk"kk esa n{k
gks ;k ugha] ¯drq vaxzs”kh essa ftldh n{krk vlafnXèk gksA lalkj osQ vU; ns'kksa esa lqlaLÑr O;fDr og le>k tkrk gS
ftlosQ ?kj esa viuh Hkk"kk dh iqLrdksa dk laxzg gks vkSj ftls cjkcj ;g irk jgs fd mldh Hkk"kk osQ vPNs ys[kd
vkSj dfo dkSu gSa rFkk le;≤ ij mudh dkSu&lh Ñfr;k¡ izdkf'kr gks jgh gSaA Hkkjr esa fLFkfr nwljh gSA ;gk¡ izk;%
?kj eas lkt&lTtk osQ vkèkqfud midj.k rks gksrs gSa ¯drq viuh Hkk"kk dh dksbZ iqLrd ;k if=kdk fn[kkbZ ugha iM+rhA
;g nqjoLFkk Hkys gh fdlh ,sfrgkfld izfØ;k dk ifj.kke gS] ¯drq og lqn'kk ugha] nqjoLFkk gh gS vkSj tc rd ;g
nqjoLFkk dk;e gS] gesa vius&vki dks] lgh vFkks± esa f'kf{kr vkSj lqlaLÑr ekuus dk Bhd&Bhd U;k;laxr vfèkdkj
ugha gSA
iz'uμ 1- x|ka'k dk mi;qDr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,μ 1
2- ^nqjoLFkk* esa dkSu&lk milxZ gS \ 1
3- ;gk¡ fdl ,sfrgkfld izfØ;k dh vksj laosQr gS \ 2
4- Hkkjr esa f'kf{kr O;fDr fdls ekuk tkrk gS \ 2
5- lalkj osQ vU; ns'kksa esa lqlaLÑr O;fDr fdls ekurs gSa \ 2
6- lalkj esa f'kf{kr O;fDr dh igyh igpku D;k gksrh gS \ 2
[kaM ^[k*
2- funsZ'kkuqlkj mÙkj nhft,μ 1×4=4
(i) tks xq.kh gksrk gS] mls lHkh pkgrs gSaA (ljy okD; cukb,)
(ii) T;ksa gh mlus iqfyl dks ns[kk] og f[kld x;kA (la;qDr okD; cukb,)
(iii) uhyh deht okys yM+osQ dks cqyk ykvks (feJ okD; cukb,)
(iv) eSaus lkspk fd ck<+&ihfM+rksa dh lgk;rk t:j djuh pkfg,A (okD;&Hksn crkb,)
3- funsZ'kkuqlkj okP;&ifjorZu dhft,μ 1×4=4
(i) Hkxoku gekjh j{kk djrk gSA (deZokP; esa)
(ii) cPpk [kwc g¡lkA (HkkookP; esa)
S–1

S–2 xksYMu ¯gnhó (X–A)
(iii)
cPph vk¡xu esa [ksy jgh gSA (HkkookP; esa)
(iv) eD[kh mM+kbZ tk jgh gSA (drZòkP; esa)
4- fdUgha pkj js[kkafdr inksa osQ in&ifjp; nhft,μ 1×4=4
(d) eqosQ'k cgqr eèkqj xkrk gSA
([k) rqe çkr%dky lSj fd;k djksA
(x) lhrk iqQVckWy [ksysxhA
5- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nhft,μ
(d) Ükàxkj jl vFkok d#.k jl dk LFkk;h Hkko fyf[k,A 1
([k) mRlkg uked Hkko ls dkSu&lk jl fu"iUu gksrk gS\ 1
(x) fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k esa dkSu&lk jl gS\ 2
(i) eS;k eksjh eSa ugha ek[ku [kk;ksA
[;ky ijs ;s l[kk lcS] feyh esjks eq[k yiVk;ksA
(ii) gk lgh u tkrh eq>ls
vc vkt Hkw[k dh Tokyk
dy ls gh I;kl yxh gS
gks jgk ân; erokykA
[kaM ^x*
6- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks i<+dj lacaf/r iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nhft,μ
csVs osQ fØ;k&deZ esa rwy ugha fd;k_ irksgw ls gh vkx fnykbZ mldhA ¯drq T;ksagh Jk¼ dh vofèk iwjh gks xbZ] irksgw
osQ HkkbZ dks cqykdj mlosQ lkFk dj fn;k] ;g vkns'k nsrs gq, fd bldh nwljh 'kknh dj nsukA bèkj irksgw jks&jksdj
dgrhμeSa pyh tkm¡Qxh rks cq<+kis esa dkSu vkiosQ fy, Hkkstu cuk,xk] chekj iM+s] rks dkSu ,d pqYyw ikuh Hkh nsxk\
eSa iSj iM+rh g¡w] eq>s vius pj.kksa ls vyx u dhft,! ysfdu Hkxr dk fu.kZ; vVy FkkA rw tk] ugha rks eSa gh bl
?kj dks NksM+dj py n¡wxkμ;g Fkh mudh vkf[kjh nyhy vkSj bl nyhy osQ vkxs cspkjh dh D;k pyrh\
(i) Hkxr th osQ csVs dk fozQ;k&deZ fdlus fd;k vkSj D;ksa\ (mÙkj 30&40 'kCnkssa esa) 2
(ii) Hkxr th osQ pfj=k dh fdl fo'ks"krk us vkidks izHkkfor fd;k\ (mÙkj 30&40 'kCnkssa esa) 2
(iii) irksgw Hkxr th dks NksM+dj D;ksa ugha tkuk pkgrh Fkh\ (mÙkj 30&40 'kCnkas esa) 2
7- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha pkj iz'uksa osQ mÙkj 30&40 'kCnksa esa nhft,μ 2 ×4 = 8
(d) ^y[kuoh vankt* uked O;aX; dk D;k lans'k gS\
([k) ys[kd us uxjikfydk dh dk;Z'kSyh ij D;k fVIi.kh dh gS\
(x) iQknj cqYosQ dks Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dk vfHkUu vax fdl vkèkkj ij dgk x;k gS\
(?k) eUuw HkaMkjh osQ O;fDrRo ij fdu&fdu O;fDr;ksa dk vkSj fdl :i esa izHkko iM+k\
(Ä) dk'kh ls ckgj jgus ij fcfLeYyk [kk¡ D;k djrs Fks\ blls muosQ ckjs esa D;k irk pyrk gS\
8- fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd if<+, ,oa ml ij vk/kfjr iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nhft,μ
mQèkkS] rqe gkS vfr cM+HkkxhA
vijl jgr lusg rxk rSa] ukfgu eu vuqjkxhA
iqjbfu ikr jgr ty Hkhrj] rk jl nsg u nkxhA
T;kSa ty ekg¡ rsy dh xkxfj] cw¡n u rkdkSa ykxhA
çhfr&unh eSa ikm¡ u cksjÔkS] n`f"V u :i ijkxhA
^lwjnkl* vcyk ge Hkksjh] xqj pk¡Vh T;kSa ikxhAA

lSaiy isilZ S–3
(d) m¼o osQ eu esa vuqjkx ugha gS] fiQj Hkh xksfi;k¡ mUgsa cM+Hkkxh D;ksa dgrh gS\a (mÙkj 30&40 'kCnkas es)a 2
([k) m¼o osQ O;ogkj dh rqyuk fdl&fdl ls dh xbZ gS\ (mÙkj 30&40 'kCnkas esa) 2
(x) vafre iafDr;ksa esa xksfi;ksa us Lo;a dks ^vcyk* vkSj ^Hkksyh* D;ksa dgk gS\ (30&40 'kCnkssa esa) 2
9- fdUgha pkj iz'uksa osQ mÙkj 30&40 'kCnksa esa nhft,μ 2×4=8
(d) laxrdkj fdu&fdu :iksa esa eq[; xk;d&xkf;dkvksa dh enn djrs gSa\
([k) ukxktqZu iQly dks fdl :i esa ns[krs gSa\
(x) laxrdkj D;k dke djrk gS\ mldh D;k Hkwfedk gS\
(?k) ^lwjnkl vcyk ge Hkksjh] xqj pk¡Vh T;kSa ikxh* esa xksfi;ksa dh dkSu&lh euksn'kk çdV gqbZ gS\
(Ä) ek¡ dks viuh csVh vafre iw¡th D;ksa yx jgh Fkh\
10- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa esa ls fdUgha nks OksQ mÙkj yxHkx 50&60 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,μ 3×2=6
(d) ek¡ OksQ izfr vf/d yxko u gksrs gq, Hkh foifÙk OksQ le; HkksykukFk ek¡ OksQ vk¡py esa gh izse vkSj 'kkafr
ikrk gS_ bldk vki D;k dkj.k ekurs gSa\ êkrk dk vapy ikB* OksQ vk/kj ij fyf[k,A
([k) ^lkuk lkuk gkFk tksfM+* ikB OksQ vk/kj ij fyf[k, fd izOk`Qfr us ty&lap; dh O;oLFkk fdl izdkj dh gS\
(x) ^tkWtZ iape dh ukd* ikB esa ukd dks iqu% yxkus OksQ ewfrZdkj OksQ iz;Ruksa dk mYys[k djrs gq, mlOksQ
vafre iz;Ru ij viuk n`f"Vdks.k O;Dr dhft,A
[kaM ^?k*
11- fuEufyf[kr laosQr&¯cnqvksa osQ vk/kj ij 80&100 'kCnksa esa ,d vuqPNsn fyf[k,μ 5
(d) Hkkjrh; ukjh dh pqukSfr;k¡
l iq#"k&iz/ku lekt esa ukjh dk la?k"kZ
l ?kj&ifjokj dh lhekvksa ls ckgj ubZ pqukSfr;k¡
l fofo/ {ks=kksa esa ukjh dk ;ksxnku
l ukjh vkSj ukSdjh % nksgjh Hkwfedk fdruh laHko gS] fdruh ”k:jhA
([k) oaQI;wVj dh mi;ksfxrk
l orZeku ;qxμoaQI;wVj ;qx l oaQI;wVj dh mi;ksfxrk
l Lopkfyr x.kuk&iz.kkyh l dk;kZy; rFkk baVjusV esa lgk;d
l uohure midj.kksa esa mi;ksfxrkA
(x) LoPN Hkkjr
l Hkwfedk l LoPNrk dk egÙo
l LoPNrk esa Hkkjr dh fLFkfr l LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku dk vkjaHk ,oa y{;
l milaagkj
12- vkiosQ fo|ky; osQ ok£"kdksRlo ij ftyk/h'k Jh eksgu Mksxjk dks eq[; oDrk osQ :i esa vkeaf=kr djuk gSA yxHkx
80&100 'kCnksa esa ,d i=k fy[kdj muls fuosnu dhft,A 5
vFkok
vius fe=k dks i=k fy[kdj vkxzg dhft, fd dksjksuk osQ fnuksa esa fdlh izdkj dh ykijokgh u cjrsA
13- fdlh lkcqu oaQiuh dh vksj ls Ropk osQ fy, dksey o lLrs lkcqu dk foKkiu 50 'kCnksa esa cukb,A 5
vFkok
vkiosQ uxj esa Hktu&laè;k dk vk;kstu gksus tk jgk gSA 50 'kCnksa esa ,d foKkiu rS;kj dhft,A
14- dksjksuk ls cpus osQ fy, 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A 5
vFkok
ukSdjh esa mUufr ikus ij vius ekek th dks 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A

¯gnh (dksl&Z ,)
d{kkμX
[kaM ^d*
1- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks i<+dj iwNs x, iz'uksa osQ lgh mÙkj fyf[k,μ 10
Hkkjr Hk;adj vax”sz kh&eksg dh nqjoLFkk ls xq”kj jgk gSA bl nqjoLFkk dk ,d Hk;kud nq"ifj.kke ;g gS fd Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa
osQ ledkyhu lkfgR; ij mu yksxksa dh n`f"V ugha iM+rh tks fo'ofo|ky;ksa osQ izk;% loksÙZ ke Nk=k Fks vkSj vc 'kklu&ra=k
esa m¡Qps vksgnksa ij dke dj jgs gSAa bl n`f"V ls Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa osQ ys[kd osQoy ;wjksih; vkSj vesfjdh ys[kdksa ls gh
ghu ugha gS]a cfYd mudh fdLer feÏ] cekZ] baMksufs 'k;k] phu vkSj tkiku osQ ys[kdksa dh fdLer ls Hkh [kjkc gS D;ksfa d
bu lHkh ns'kksa osQ ys[kdksa dh Ñfr;k¡ ogk¡ osQ vR;ar lqf'kf{kr yksx Hkh i<+rs gSAa osQoy ge gh gSa ftudh iqLrdksa ij ;gk¡
osQ rFkkdfFkr f'kf{kr leqnk; dh n`f"V izk;% ugha iM+rhA gekjk rFkkdfFkr mPp f'kf{kr leqnk; tks oqQN i<+uk pkgrk gS]
mls vax”sz kh esa gh i<+ ysrk gS] ;gk¡ rd fd mldh dfork vkSj miU;kl i<+us dh r`".kk Hkh vax”sz kh dh dfork vkSj miU;kl
i<+dj gh lekIr gks tkrh gS vkSj mls ;g tkuus dh bPNk gh ugha gksrh fd 'kjhj ls og ftl lekt dk lnL; gS mlosQ
euksHkko miU;kl vkSj dkO; esa fdl vnk ls O;Dr gks jgs gSAa
iz'uμ 1- mi;qDr 'kh"kZd nhft,A 1
2- Hkkjrh; ys[kdksa dh fdLer [kjkc D;ksa gS\ 2
3- Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa osQ ys[kd vejhdh] ;wjksih; rFkk phu] cekZ] tkiku osQ ys[kdksa ls Hkh ghu D;ksa gS\
2
4- Hkkjr dk lqf'kf{kr lekt dkSu&lk lkfgR; i<+dj larq"V gks tkrk gS \ 2
5- Hkkjr dk dkSu&lk oxZ Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dks ugha i<+rk \ 1
6- bl x|ka'k esa Hkkjr dh dkSu&lh leL;k dks mtkxj fd;k x;k gS\ mldk D;k nq"ifj.kke lkeus gS\ 2
[kaM ^[k*
2- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk funsZ'kkuqlkj :ikarj.k dhft,μ 1×4=4
(i) tks Hkk"k.k ns jgk gS] og esjk fe=k gSA (ljy okD; cukb,)
(ii) og ck”kkj tkdj iQy&lCth ys vk;k gSA (la;qDr okD; cukb,)
(iii) mls iQy [kjhnus Fks blfy, cktkj x;kA (feJ okD; cukb,)
(iv) nl ctrs gh ?kaVh cthA vfrfFk vk,A (feJ okD; cukb,)
3- funsZ'kkuqlkj okP;&ifjorZu dhft,μ 1×4=4
(i) rqe fØosQV ugha [ksyrsA (deZokP; esa)
(ii) if{k;ksa }kjk vusd djrc fn[kk, x,A (dr`ZokP; esa)
(iii) eq>ls fxykl VwV x;kA (dr`ZokP; esa)
(iv) firkth ls pyk ugha tkrkA (dr`ZokP; esa)
S–4

lSaiy isilZ S–5
4- fuEufyf[kr js[kkafdr inksa osQ ifjp; nhft,μ 1×4=4

(d) eksgu ogk¡ ?kwe jgk gSA
([k) eSaus fnu vkSj jkr ,d dj fn;kA
(x) dksbZ Hkh ckgj ugha tk ldrkA
(?k) tjk /hjs pyksA
5- fdUgha pkj iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nhft,μ 1×4
(d) fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k esa dkSu&lk jl O;Dr gqvk gS\
tlqefr eS;k ls cksys uanykykA
jkèkk D;w¡ xksjh] eSa D;w¡ dkyk\
([k) jkSæ jl dk LFkk;h Hkko crkb,A
(x) ^'kksd* uked Hkko ls dkSu&lk jl fu"iUu gksrk gS\
(?k) ^Üka`xkj jl esa fcNqM+us okys i{k dks D;k dgrs gSa\
(Ä) mRlkg ls dkSu&lk jl O;Dr gksrk gS\
[kaM ^x*
6- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks i<+dj lacaf/r iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nhft,μ 6
vc gkynkj lkgc dks ckr oqQN&oqQN le> esa vkbZA ,d p'esokyk gS ftldk uke oSQIVu gSA mls usrkth dh cxSj
p'esokyh ewfrZ cqjh yxrh gSA cfYd vkgr djrh gS] ekuks p'es osQ cxSj usrkth dks vlqfoèkk gks jgh gksA blfy, og
viuh NksVh&lh nqdku esa miyCèk fxus&pqus çsQeksa esa ls ,d usrkth dh ewfrZ ij fiQV dj nsrk gSA ysfdu tc dksbZ
xzkgd vkrk gS vkSj mls oSls gh çsQe dh njdkj gksrh gS tSlk ewfrZ ij yxk gS rks oSQIVu p'esokyk ewfrZ ij yxk
çsQeμlaHkor% usrkth ls {kek ek¡xrs gq,μykdj xzkgd dks ns nsrk gS vkSj ckn esa usrkth dks nwljk çsQe ykSVk nsrk gSA
okg! HkbZ [kwc! D;k vkbfM;k gSA
(i) gkynkj lkgc dks igys dkSu&lh ckr le> ugha vkrh Fkh\ (mÙkj 30&40 'kCnkas es)a 2
(ii) p'esokyk usrkth dh ewfrZ ij p'ek D;ksa yxk nsrk gS\ (mÙkj 30&40 'kCnkas es)a 2
(iii) ôkg [kwc! D;k vkbfM;k gS*μ;g fopkj fdlosQ eu esa vk;k\ (mÙkj 30&40 'kCnkas es)a 2
7- fdUgha pkj iz'uksa osQ mÙkj la{ksi esa nhft,μ 2 ×4 = 8
(d) uokc lkgc us cgqr gh ;Ru ls [khjk dkVk] ued&fepZ cqjdk] varr% lw¡?kdj gh f[kM+dh ls ckgj isaQd fn;kA
mUgksaus ,slk D;ksa fd;k gksxk\ mudk ,slk djuk muosQ oSQls LoHkko dks bafxr djrk gS\
([k) Hkxr us vius csVs dh e`R;q ij viuh Hkkouk,¡ fdl rjg O;Dr dha\
(x) vk'k; Li"V dhft,μ
îQVk lqj u c['ksaA yqafx;k dk D;k gS] vkt iQVh gS] rks dy lh tk,xhA*
(?k) ew£r ij ljoaQMs dk p'ek D;k mEehn txkrk gS\ ûsrkth dk p'ek* ikB osQ vk/kj ij fyf[k,A
(Ä) fl¼ dhft, fd -iQknj dkfey cqYosQ ¯gnh izseh FksA
8- fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd if<+, ,oa ml ij vk/kfjr iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nhft,μ 6
ek¡ us dgk ikuh esa >k¡ddj
vius psgjs ij er jh>uk
vkx jksfV;k¡ lsadus osQ fy, gS
tyus osQ fy, ugha
oL=k vkSj vkHkw"k.k 'kkfCnd Hkzeksa dh rjg
caèku gSa L=kh thou osQ
ek¡ us dgk yM+dh gksuk
ij yM+dh tSlh fn[kkbZ er nsukA

(d) ek¡ us psgjs ij jh>us osQ fy, D;ksa euk fd;k\ (mÙkj 30&40 'kCnkas es)a 2
([k) vkx osQ ckjs esa oqQN dgrs le; ek¡ osQ eu esa D;k jgk gksxk\ (mÙkj 30&40 'kCnkas es)a 2
(x) oL=k vkSj vkHkw"k.k dks caèku D;ksa dgk x;k gS\ (mÙkj 30&40 'kCnkas es)a 2
9- fdUgha pkj iz'uksa osQ mÙkj la{ksi esa nhft,μ 2×4=8
(d) ckny ls iqQgkj] fjef>e ;k cjlus osQ LFkku ij ^xjtus* osQ fy, D;ksa dgk x;k\ roZQlfgr mÙkj nhft,A
([k) ^narqfjr eqldku* osQ vkèkkj ij cPps vkSj cM+s O;fDr dh eqldku dk varj Li"V dhft,A
(x) laxrdkj osQ ekè;e ls dfo fdl izdkj osQ O;fDr;ksa dh vksj laosQr djuk pkg jgk gS\
(?k) ij'kqjke osQ xq# dkSu Fks\ os xq#&Í.k ls oSQls mÍ.k gksuk pkgrs Fks\
(Ä) ^Nk;k er Nwuk* esa Nk;k fdls dgk x;k gS\
10- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa esa ls fdUgha nks iz'uksa OksQ mÙkj yxHkx 50&60 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,μ 3×2=6
(d) firk yk[k pkgs ek¡ dk LFkku ugha ys ldrk&D;ksa\
([k) ^^fdruk de ysdj ;s lekt dks fdruk vf/d okil ykSVk nsrh gSA* ^lkuk&lkuk gkFk tksfM+* OksQ bl dFku
OksQ vk/kj ij Li"V djsa fd vke turk dh ns'k dh vkfFZkd izxfr esa D;k Hkwfedk gS\
(x) tkWT+kZ iape dh ukd esa fdl ekufldrk ij O;Xa; fd;k x;k gS\
[kaM ^?k*
11- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij 80&100 'kCnksa esa ,d vuqPNsn fyf[k,μ 5
• ijk/hu O;fDr viuk fodkl ugha dj ldrkA og ghurk dk f'kdkj gks tkrk gSA blfy, vkthou nq[kh jgrk gSA
izÑfr osQ mnkgj.k nsdj viuh ckr iq"V dhft,A
• vkt okrkoj.k esa lc vksj ?kuk iznw"k.k gSA ok;q fo"kSyh gS] ty xank gSA èofu cgjk djus okyh gSA bu lc iznw"k.kksa
osQ dkj.kksa vkSj fuokj.kksa ij fopkj dhft,A
• vkt cw<s+ yksx lekt vkSj ifjokj ls VwVdj vyx&Fkyx iM+ x, gSAa miHkksDrkokn dh vaèkh nkSM+ vkSj la;D q r ifjokj
dh VwVu us mUgsa volknxzLr cuk fn;k gSA lekèkku fyf[k,A
12- vkt fdlh osQ ikl fdlh ls feyus rd dh iqQlZr ugha gSA blh lanHkZ esa jk[kh] nhokyh] gksyh tSls mRloksa dh egÙkk
izdV djrs gq, fe=k dks i=k fyf[k,A 5
vFkok
vius fo|ky; osQ [ksyksRlo esa izfl¼ /kfodk ih-Vh- Å"kk dks eq[; vfrfFk osQ :i esa vkeaf=kr djrs gq, i=k fyf[k,A
13- vkius ,d laxhr fl[kkus dh laLFkk [kksyh gSA mlosQ fy, 30&50 'kCnksa esa ,d foKkiu rS;kj dhft,A 5
vFkok
vkiosQ uxj esa feBkbZ dh ubZ nqdku [kqyh gSA mlosQ fy, 30&50 'kCnksa esa ,d foKkiu rS;kj dhft,A
14- rqEgkjh lgsyh dh ykWVjh fudyh gSaA 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A 5
vFkok
rqEgkjk fe=k dksjksuk&ladV esa xjhc cPpksa dh enn djrk gSA mls 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A

¯gnh (dksl&Z ,)
d{kkμX
funsZ'k % I. bl iz'u&i=k esa pkj [kaM gSaμd] [k] x vkSj ?kA
II. pkjksa [kaMksa osQ iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsuk vfuok;Z gSA
III. ;FkklaHko izR;sd [kaM osQ mÙkj ozQe'k% nhft,A
[kaM ^d*
1- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks i<+dj mlls lacafèkr iz'uksa osQ mÙkj fyf[k,μ 10
losjs ge viuh eafT+ky dkBekaMw dh vksj c<+sA igkM+h [ksrksa esa eDosQ vkSj vjgj dh iQlysa ygjk jgh FkhaA NksVs&NksVs
xk¡o vkSj ijdksVs okys ?kj cgqr laqnj yx jgs FksA 'kke gksrs&gksrs ge dkBekaMw igq¡p x,A vkt dkBekaMw ij fy[krs
gq, v¡xqfy;k¡ dk¡i jgh gSa oSls gh tSls iPphl vizSy dks dkBekaMw dh /jrh dk¡i mBh FkhA U;wT+k pSuy tc /jgjk LraHk
dks HkjHkjkdj fxjrs fn[kk jgs Fks] esjk eu cSBk tk jgk FkkA D;k gqvk gksxk /jgjk osQ bnZfxnZ isQjh yxkdj lkeku cspus
okyksa dk\ vkSj ml ck¡lqjh oknd dk ftlosQ lqjksa us eu eksg fy;k FkkA vkSj os i;ZVd tks /jgjk osQ lkSan;Z esa ¯cèks
mldk lkSan;Z fugkjrsA lc oqQN tkurs gq, Hkh eu ;gh dg jgk gS fd lc Bhd gksA
jkr dks ge ckT+kkj x,A ckT+kkj bysDVªkWfud lkekuksa ls vVk iM+k Fkk vkSj nqdkuksa dh ekyfdusa eqLrSnh ls lkeku csp
jgh FkhaA gekjs fgeky;h {ks=kksa dh rjg ;gk¡ vFkZO;oLFkk dk vk/kj vkSjrsa gSaA D;ksafd igkM+ksa ij i;kZIr tehu ugha gksrh
vkSj jkstxkj osQ lk/u Hkh cgqr ugha gksrs] lks ?kj osQ iq#"k uhps eSnkuh bykdksa esa dekus tkrs gSa vkSj ?kj ifjokj dh
lkjh ftEesnkjh efgyk,¡ mBkrh gSaA ;gk¡ xk¡o dh efgyk,¡ [ksrh vkSj 'kgj dh efgyk,¡ O;olk; l¡Hkkyrh gSaA eSaus ns[kk
os cM+h oqQ'kyrk ls O;kolkf;d nk¡o&isap viuk jgh FkhaA
ge iks[kjk gksrs gq, ykSV jgs FksA jkLrs Hkj fgekPNkfnr pksfV;k¡ vk¡[k fepkSyh [ksyrh jghaA jkg esa vusd NksVs&cM+s
uxj&xk¡o vkSj dLcs vkrs jgsA usikyh vkSjrsa ?kjksa esa dke djrh utj vk jgh FkhaA eDdk dVdj ?kj vk pqdh FkhA
mlosQ xqPNs ?kj osQ ckgj [kw¡fV;ksa osQ lgkjs yVosQ uT+kj vk jgs FksA vc ge dkyh unh osQ lkFk&lkFk py jgs FksA
(d) dkBekaMw ij fy[kus osQ fy, ys[kd dh v¡xqfy;k¡ D;ksa dk¡i jgh Fkha\ 2
([k) ys[kd nq[kh vkSj grk'k D;ksa Fkk\ 2
(x) isQjhokys vkSj ck¡lqjh oknd osQ fy, ys[kd D;ksa nq[kh gS\ 2
(?k) usiky esa vFkZO;oLFkk dk vk/kj vkSjrsa D;ksa gSa\ 2
(M) x|ka'k osQ fy, mi;qDr 'kh"kZd nhft,A 1
(p) vk¡[k fepkSyh [ksyus dk D;k vk'k; gS\ 1
S–7

[kaM ^[k*
2- funsZ'kkuqlkj okD; ifjo£rr dhft,μ 1×4=4
(d) tks O;fDr Lokoyach gksrs gSa] os lnk lq[kh jgrs gSaA (ljy okD; esa)
([k) rqEgkjs cktkj tkrs gh og lks x;kA (la;qDr okD; esa)
(x) rqe xkM+h #dus osQ LFkku ij pys tkvksA (feJ okD; esa)
(?k) vkt nhokyh gSA lkjs ck”kkjksa esa jkSud gS (feJ okD; esa)
3- funsZ'kkuqlkj okP; ifjo£rr dhft,μ 1×4=4
(d) flikgh us pksj dks idM+kA (deZokP; esa)
([k) vè;kid fo|kFkhZ dks i<+krk gSA (deZOkkP; esa)
(x) urZdh }kjk u`R; fd;k tkrk gSA (drZòkP; esa)
(?k) fgj.k nkSM+rk gSA (HkkookP; esa)
4- js[kkafdr inksa osQ ifjp; nhft,μ 1×4=4
(d) og vkxjk x;k gSA
([k) dy fnYyh tkÅ¡xkA
(x) rqe dgk¡ tkvksxs\
(?k) eSa vkt ugha] ijlksa tkÅ¡xkA
5- fdUgha pkj iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nhft,μ 1×4=4
(d) Üka`xkj jl dk LFkk;h Hkko fyf[k,A
([k) d#.k jl dk LFkk;h Hkko fyf[k,A
(x) jfr fdl jl dk LFkk;h Hkko gS\
(?k) vk'p;Z ls dkSu&lk jl O;Dr gksrk gS\
(Ä) jl crkb,μ
fufl fnu cjlr u;u gekjsA
;gk¡ jgfr ikor ½rq ge iS] tc rS L;ke fl/kjsAA
[kaM ^x*
6- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks i<+dj iwNs x, iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nhft,μ 2+2+2=6
ogh iqjkuk ckykth dk eafnj tgk¡ fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dks ukScr[kkus fj;kT+k osQ fy, tkuk iM+rk gSA exj ,d jkLrk gS ckykth
eafnj rd tkus dkA ;g jkLrk jlwyuckbZ vkSj crwyuckbZ osQ ;gk¡ ls gksdj tkrk gSA bl jkLrs ls veh#íhu dks tkuk
vPNk yxrk gSA bl jkLrs u tkus fdrus rjg osQ cksyμcuko dHkh Bqejh] dHkh VIis] nknjk osQ ekiZQr M~;ks<h+ rd igqp ¡ rs
jgrs gSaA jlwyu vkSj crwyu tc xkrh gSa rc veh#íhu dks [kq'kh feyrh gSA vius <sjksa lk{kkRdkjksa esa fcfLeYyk [kk¡
lkgc us Lohdkj fd;k gS fd mUgsa vius thou osQ vkjafHkd fnuksa esa laxhr osQ izfr vklfDr bUgha xkf;dk cfguksa dks
lqudj feyh gSA
(d) fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dkSu Fks\ ckykth eafnj ls mudk D;k laca/ Fkk\ (mÙkj 30&40 'kCnksa esa)
([k) jlwyuckbZ vkSj crwyuckbZ osQ ;gk¡ ls gksdj ckykth osQ eafnj tkuk fcfLeYyk [kk¡ dks D;ksa vPNk yxrk Fkk\
(mÙkj 30&40 'kCnksa esa)
(x) ^fj;kT+k* ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\ veh#íhu dkSu gS\ (mÙkj 30&40 'kCnksa esa)

lSaiy isilZ S–9
7- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha pkj iz'uksa osQ mÙkj 30&40 'kCnksa esa nhft,μ 2 ×4 = 8
(d) ckyxksfcu Hkxr fdu pkfjf=kd fo'ks"krkvksa osQ dkj.k lkèkq dgykrs Fks\
([k) ^y[kuoh vankt* uked O;aX; dk lans'k D;k gS\
(x) I+kQknj cqYosQ dks ;kn djuk ,d mnkl 'kkar laxhr lquus tSlk gSμLi"V djsaA
(?k) eUuw HkaMkjh osQ firk dh dkSu&dkSu lh fo'ks"krk,¡ vuqdj.kh; gSa\
(Ä) yksx p'es okys dks oSQIVu lkgc D;ksa dgrs Fks\
8- fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj ml ij vk/kfjr iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nhft,μ
rqEgkjh ;g narqfjr eqldku
e`rd esa Hkh Mky nsxh tku
èkwfy&èkwlj rqEgkjs ;s xkr---
NksM+dj rkykc esjh >ksiM+h esa f[ky jgs tytkr
ijl ikdj rqEgkjk gh izk.k]
fi?kydj ty cu x;k gksxk dfBu ik"kk.k
Nw x;k rqels fd >jus yx iM+s 'ksiQkfydk osQ iwQy
ck¡l Fkk fd ccwy\
(d) cPps dh eqLdku e`rd esa Hkh tku Mky nsrh gS] oSQls\ 2
([k) dfo osQ vuqlkj f'k'kq osQ Li'kZ ls D;k&D;k ifjorZu gq,\ 2
(x) dkO;ka'k dh Hkk"kk laca/h nks fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A 2
9- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha pkj iz'uksa osQ mÙkj yxHkx 30&40 'kCnksa esa nhft,μ 2×4=8
(d) xksfi;ksa us m¼o dks HkkX;'kkyh D;ksa dgk gS\ D;k os okLro esa HkkX;'kkyh gSa\
([k) ^lkgl vkSj 'kfDr osQ lkFk fouezrk gks rks csgrj gSaA* bl dFku ij vius fopkj fyf[k,A
(x) ^dU;knku* dfork esa ek¡ us csVh dks ,slk D;ksa dgk fd yM+dh gksuk] ij yM+dh tSlh fn[kkbZ er nsukA
(?k) ¶dfo fujkyk us cknyksa dks cky&dYiuk osQ&ls dkys¸ D;ksa dgk gS\ Li"V dhft,A
(Ä) vk'k; Li"V dhft,μ
ftruk gh nkSM+k rw mruk gh Hkjek;kA
10- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa esa ls fdUgha nks OksQ mÙkj yxHkx 50&60 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,μ 3×2=6
(d) ek¡ OksQ izfr vf/d yxko u gksrs gq, Hkh foifÙk OksQ le; HksykukFk ek¡ OksQ vk¡py esa gh izse vkSj 'kkafr ikrk
gSA dkj.k crkb,A
([k) ^lkuk&lkuk gkFk tksfM+* ikB esa iznw"k.k OksQ dkj.k fgeikr esa deh ij fpark O;Dr dh xbZ gSA iznw"k.k OksQ vkSj
dkSu&ls nq"ifj.kke lkeus vk, gSa\ gesa bldh jksdFkke OksQ fy, D;k djuk pkfg,\
(x) ûbZ fnYyh esa lc Fkk-------flI+kZQ ukd ugha Fkh*& bl dFku ls ys[kd D;k dguk pkgrk gS\
[kaM ^?k*
11- fdlh ,d fo"k; ij fn, x, laosQr&fcnaqvksa OksQ vk/kj ij yxHkx 80&100 'kCnksa esa vuqPNsn fyf[k,μ
5
(d) fons'kh vkd"kZ.k
• fons'k osQ fy, eksg • lqfo/kiw.kZ thou • izfr"Bk dk iz'u
([k) eqlhcr esa gh fe=k dh ij[k gksrh gS
• vPNs fe=k dh igpku • fe=k osQ xq.k • fu"d"kZ
(x) izo`Qfr dk izdksi
• izo`Qfr dk nkuo Lo:i • dkj.k • lek/ku

12- ubZ fnYyh esVªks LVs'ku dh tk¡p&e'khu ij ,d ;k=kh osQ Hkwyo'k NwVs ,d yk[k chl gtkj #i;ksa dks esVªks iqfyl us
mls ykSVk fn;kA bl lekpkj dks i<+dj tks fopkj vkius eu esa vkrs gSa] mUgsa fdlh lekpkj μ i=k osQ laiknd dks
i=k osQ :i esa fyf[k,A 5
vFkok
vkidh vius fiz; fe=k ls fdlh ckr ij vucu gks xbZ Fkh ¯drq vc vkidks viuh xyrh dk vglkl gks x;k gSA
vr% mls eukus osQ fy, i=k fyf[k,A
13- vki viuk ?kj cspuk pkgrs gaSA 25&50 'kCnksa esa ,d foKkiu rS;kj dhft,A 5
vFkok
vkiosQ uxj esa iqLrd&esys dk vk;kstu gSA 30&40 'kCnksa esa ,d foKkiu rS;kj dhft,A
14- vius fe=k dks o`Q".k tUek"Veh dh 'kqHkdkeuk nhft,A 5
vFkok
fozQlel osQ R;ksgkj ij vius fe=k ,aFkksuh dks 'kqHkdkeuk&lans'k fyf[k,A

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Golden Hindi - X A

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Copyright:

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Golden Hindi - X A

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Committed to Educate the Nation

NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS

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tksM+h xbZ ubZ lkexzhμ

gVkbZ xbZ lkexzhμ

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¯gnh (ikB~;Øe&^v*) dksM la[;k (002)

fo"k;oLrq mi Hkkj oqQy Hkkj

(c) dkO; [kaM 14 34

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f{kfrt (dkO; [kaM) l nso (loS;k] dfoÙk)

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1- esjs liuksa dk Hkkjr [Imp.]

fopkj&¯cnqμ Hkkjr osQ ckjs esa esjh dYiuk

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2- jk"Vª osQ izfr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk drZO;

fopkj&¯cnqμ ns'k ls LokHkkfod yxko

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4- jk"Vªh; ,drk dh vko';drk [Imp.]

fopkj&¯cnqμ mUufr osQ fy, ,drk vko';d

5- gekjs R;ksgkj vkSj mudk egÙo [Imp.]

fopkj&¯cnqμ Hkkjr mRloksa dk ns'k

6- x.kra=k&fnol (26 tuojh)

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7- xk¡oksa dk ns'k Hkkjr

fopkj&¯cnqμ Hkkjrekrk xzkeokfluh

8- Hkkjrh; lekt esa ukjh dk LFkku

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9- Hkkjr dh N% Írq,¡ [Imp.]

fopkj&¯cnqμ Hkkjr dk "kM~½rq&pØ

10- 'kgjh thou

fopkj&¯cnqμ l ok;q&iznw"k.k l ;krk;kr&vlqfoèkk,¡ l la?k"kZiw.kZ

t;'kadj izlkn us 'kgjh thou ij fVIi.kh djrs gq, fy[kk gSμ

11- tho&tarq vkSj ekuo

fopkj&¯cnqμ l lgt lacaèk l mi;ksfxrk l lq>ko

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12- la;qDr ifjokj

13- cqtqxks± dh leL;k

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14- lk{kjrkμmUufr dk ekxZ

laosQr ¯cnqμ l f'{kk dk egÙo l fodkl dk lkèku l loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku

15- gekjh ou&laink [Imp.]

16- iznw"k.k dh leL;k [Imp.]

fopkj&¯cnqμ l Hkwfedk l fodV leL;k l dkj.k l fuokj.k

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17- c<+rh tula[;k dh leL;k

fopkj&¯cnqμ l tula[;k&o`f¼ ,d Hk;kog leL;k l ifj.kke l dkj.k vkSj lekèkku

18- Hkz"Vkpkj % ,d leL;k

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19- cspkjk cpiu

fopkj&¯cnqμ fleVrs ifjokj

20- vkj{k.k % fdruk mfpr] fdruk vuqfpr

fopkj&¯cnqμ l vkj{k.k D;ksa l vkj{k.k dh lqfoèkk,¡ l cnyh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ l leku vfèkdkj

21- cky e”knwj

fopkj&¯cnqμ vlqjf{kr vkSj vlgk; cPps

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22- uSfrdrk dk iru % ekuork dk iru

23- eg¡xkbZ dh ekj

fopkj&¯cnqμ fujarj fodkl dh vksj

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eg¡xkbZ us ;ksa djh] gj fu/Zu dh ywVA