FREEILM.COM @ OOO rreeiim.com SHORT QUESTIONS} Q.1 How Plants syathesize carbohydrates? ' Ans. Carbohydrates are synthesized by plants through pliotosynthesis process, from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and green pigment chlorophyll. 6CO, +6H,0 FE 7CoH0, +60, Give the characteristics of monosaccharides. © Monosaccharides are the simplest sugars which eannot be hydrolyzed. © They are usually white crystalline solids. - ©. They are soluble in water. © They have sweet taste. © Monosaccharides are reducing sugars. Example:- © = Trioses ¢ = Tetroses © Glucose © Fructose Q.3 What's difference between glucose and fructose? Ans. . ‘© Glucose is pentahydroxy aldehyde | ¢ Fructose is pentahydroxy ketone in in nature. nature. It has six headed (hexagonal) like |e It has five headed (pentagonal) like cyclic structure. cyclic structure. . [2 Ithas aldehydic functional group. |e It has ketonic functional group. 2 Less sweet in taste. More sweet in taste. Q4 Give an example of a disaccharide. How it IS hydrolyzed into monosaccharides? ‘Ans, The most common example of disaccharide is sucrose. When it hydrolyse it produce one unit of glucose and one unit of fructose, CiHn011+H20 CeHi20e+CsH1206 Sucrose Glucose Fructose FREEILM.COM @) @@OO rrteiim.comQ6 Ans, Q7 Ans. Qs Ans. Qs Ans. Q.10 Ans. Qui Ans. Quz Ans. The general formula of lipids. FREEILM.COM @ @OOO rreeitm.com Give the characteristics of polysaccharides, * Polysaccharides are macromolecular carbohydrates. * Thee are amorphous solids. © These are non-reducing in nature. Example © Strach © Cellulose Where the proteins are found? * Proteins are present in all living organisms. © They make up bulk of the non-boy structure of the animals, 3 * They are major components of all cells and tissues of animal. * They are found in musles, skin, hair, nails, wool and feathers ete, Describe the uses of carbohydrates. * They provide essential nutrient nutrients to bacteria in intestinal tract that helps in digestion. * Carbohydrates regulate the amount ofsugar level in our body. + Deitry fibre helps to keep the bowel functioning properly. * Carbohydrates protect our muscles from cramming. + Fibrous carbohydrates lowering the cholesterol level and regulates. Lactose is disaccharide. Which monosaccharide is present in it? Lactose consisting of glucose and galactose is the main sugar in milk and dairy products. Why the ten amin acids are essential for us? Ten out of twenty amino acids can not be synthesized byour body. These amino acids are essential amino acids, must be supplied through dietto fulfill the requirement of our body: While other ten are called non-essential amino acids because these are synthesized by human body and not be required bto taken through diet, How proteins are formed? Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Two amino acids link through peptide linkage is formed by the elimination of water molecule between the amino group of one amino acid and carboxyl acid group of another, such as: 9 a I H,N-CH- on Pee tim: CH-C=NH ipcom (Dehydration) How gelatin is obtained? When bone’s protein is heated it give gelatin. Gelatin is used to make bakery items, Give the general formula of the lipids. H,C—O—C—R FREEILM.COM ©) @@OO rreeim.com [WEBSITE: HTTP: //FREEILM.COM/ J[CONTACT US: SUPPORT@FREEILM.COM & FREEILM7S6@GMAIL.COM ]FREEILM.COM @ @OOO rreeim.com H,C-OH | H,C-OH + 3C,H,COOH 4 H,C-O-C-C,Hys Socieact 0 H,-oH (Stearic acid) | tl (Glycerol) Noteweconbeused H,C-0-C-CyHyy 0 only fatty acid here | {I H,C-O-C-Cy Hyg (Triglyceride) Q.13 Name two fatty acids with their formulae. Ans. Plamitic acid = CsHsCOOH Stearic acid = C17HssCOOH Q.14 Give the types of vitamins. Ans. Vitamins are divided into two types: @ Fat soluble vitamins ¢ = Vitamin A ¢ Vitamin D « Vitamin E ¢ Vitamin K Water soluble vitamins: © Vitamin B-complexes © Vitamin C : Q.15 What is the significance of vitamins? Ans. © Vitamins play an important role in the healthy development of our body. Vitamins help to regulate our body's metabolism. They assist the food for formation of bones and tissues. Vitamins are absolutely necessary for our normaligrowth. Vitamins are helpful for carbohydrates and intracellular metabolisms. Q.16 + Describe the sources and uses of vitamin A. Ans. Sources: ‘ © Dairy products, eggs, oils and fats, fish. © Itcanalso be obtained from the beta carotene found in green vegetables, carrots and liver. Uses: © It maintains the health of epithelium. - © Itcontrols (effects) the retina’s dark adaptation mechanism. Q.17 Deficiency of vitamin K leads to which disease? Ans. Deficiency of vitamin K causes bleeding due to delayed clotting. That shows the signs of bruising easily and having nose bleeds. Q.18 Justify water soluble vitamins are not injurious to health. ‘Ans. The vitamins that dissolve in water are called water soluble vitamins. Vitamins are rapidly excreted from the body, hence, these are not toxin even if taken in large quantity. Example: «Vitamin B Complex «Vitamin C FREEILM.COM ©) @@OO rreeim.com [WEBSITE: HTTP: //FREEILM.COM/ J[CONTACT US: SUPPORT@FREETLM.COM & FREEILM7S6@GMAIL.COM ]FREEILM.COM @ @OOO rreeim.com ‘You are using the UNREGISTERED version no a Q.19 What do you mean by genetic code of life? Ans. “Genetic Code of Life” means those specific instructions which passes from generation to- Seneration, to synthesize the particular proteins from amino acids. It determine whether an organism is a man, a tree, or a donkey. DNA is considered the genetic code of life. Q.20 What is the furiction of DNA? Ans, * DNA is the permanent storage place for genetic information. * DNA carries genes of specific trait. (Errors introduced in genes causes gentic diseases) * DNA controls the synthesis of RNA Q.21 How you justify RNA works like a messenger? Ans. DNA stores genetic information and passes this information to RNA, then RNA reads, * . decodes and uses this given information to synthesize new proteins. That’s way we can say that RNA works like a messenger. The whole activity-of DNA depends upon the RN. eee tek) Q.1 What are carbohydrates? How monosaccharides are prepared? Characteristics. Ans. See Questions No. 1 Q.2 Explain oligosaccharides. Ans. See Questions No. 1 Q3 What are polysaccharides? Give their properties. Ans, See Questions No. 1 Q4 Explain the sources and uses of proteins. Ans. See Questions No. 5 QS Explain that amino acids are building blocks of proteins. Ans. See Questions No. 4 Q.6 Explain the sources and uses of lipids. Ans. See Questions No. 7 Q.7 Give the importance of vitamins. Ans. See Questions No.9, Q.8 Describe the sources, uses and deficiency symptomis of water soluble vitamins. Ans, Yeast, egg yolk liver, | Carpohydrate Fatigue, irritalibity loss of Vitamin B | wheat, nuts, red meat & (Thiamine) | Wp rcs metabolism appetite Vitamin B, | Liver, eggs, whole Intracellular Glossitis (inflammation of (riboflavin) | ureals, fruits, yeats metabolism tongue) anemila dermatitis. Essential for manufacturing of genete material in ces, Involved in production of WBC’s ~ leant Essential for Vitamin C | Green vegetables citrus } maintainance of bones, | Survey (bleeding and spon (Ascorbic | fruits teeth, and gums, givens of gums) acid) ligaments Pemicious anemia, retarted growth Liver, red meat, dairy Vitamin Biz | products & fresh FREEILM.COM @)) @@OO rreeim.com (WEBSITE: HTTP://FREEILM.COM/ J[CONTACT US: SUPPORT@FREEILM.COM & FREEILM786QGMAIL.COM J