FREEILM.COM @°) @OOO Freeiim.com UNREGISTERED. SHORT QUESTION| Q.1 Explain the phenomenon of decreasing temperature in troposphere. Ans. In troposphere carbon dioxide and water vapours are present. Although concentration of CO; and water vapours is negligible in atmosphere. They play a vital role in maintaining temperature of the atmosphere. Both of these gases allow visible light to pass through but absorb infrared radiations and warm the atmosphere. As the concentration of gases decreases gradually with the increase of altitude, correspondingly temperature also decreases at a rate 6k per kilometer. This is the region where all weather occurs and air crafts fly in this region. Q2 Differentiate between primary and secondary air pollutants. Ans. Timon Retirees Definition: Primary pollutants are those | Definition: Secondary pollutants are waste and exhaust products driven out | produced by various reactions of primary because of combustion of fossil fuels and | pollutants. | organic meatte. Example: Example: ‘© Oxides of sulphur (SO2 & SOs) © Sulphuricacid © Oxides of carbon (CO, C02) Carbonic acid: © Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) * © Nittic acid Hydrocarbon (CH) © Hydrofluoric acid © Ammonia * Ozone ¢ Compounds of fluorine _Peroxy acetyle nitrate Q.3 State the major sources of CO and CO; emission. Ans. Oxides of Carbon (CO and CO;) é Sources of oxides of carbon are as following. © These gases are emitted due to volcanic eruption and decomposition of organic matter naturally. ‘The major source for the emission of these gases is combustion of fossil fuels (céal, petroleum and natural gas). Fossil fuels burnt in combustion engine of any type of automobile, kiln of any industry, or open air fires emit COz and CO. © Forest fires and burning of wood also emit COz and CO. especially, when supply of oxygen is limited, emission of CO dominates. FREEILM.COM @) @@OO rreewm.com WEBSITE: HTTP: //FREETLM.COM/ J[CONTACT US: SUPPORTGFREEILM.COM & FREETLM7S6@GMAIL.COM ]FREEILM.COM @° >) @@OO rreeiim.com Q4 — COis responsible for heating up atmosphere, how? Ans. The CO; forms a layer around the Earth like an envelope. It allows the heat rays of the sun to pass through it and reaches up to the Earth. These rays are reflected from the Earth surface and go back to upper atmosphere as shown in the figure. Now CO? concentration due to burning of fossil fuels in different human activities is alarming. Because CO; in the atmosphere acts like a glass wall of a greenhouse. It allows UV radiations to pass through it but does not allow the IR radiations to pass through it. It traps some of the infrared radiations emitted by the Earth. Hence, increased concentration of CO: layer absorbs the infrared radiation emitted by the Earth's surface and prevents heat energy escaping from the atmosphere. So, CO; is responsible for heating up atmosphere. Q5 CO isan hidden enemy, explain its action. Ans. CO is an air pollutant. It is a health hazard being a highly poisonous gas. Being a colourless and odourless. It presence can not be noticed easily’ and readily. When inhaled. It binds with hemoglobin most strongly than oxygen, Thus hindering the supply of oxygen in body. Exposure to the higher concentration of CO causes headache and fatigue. If inhaled for the longer time it results in breathing difficulties and ultimately death. Q.6 What threats are to human health due to SO, gas as air pollutant? * SO> is an odourless gas having irritating smell. © It causes irritation and suffocation. © It causes severe respiratory problems to asthmatic patients. Q.7 Which air pollutant is produced on anaerobic decomposition of organic matter? Ans. Oxides of supher are produced on anaerobic decomposition of organic matter Example: 2 « SO, *° SO; Q.8 How acid rain increases the acidity of soil? Ans. Increase Acidity'of Soil: Acid rain increases the acidity of the soil. Many crops and plants cannot grow properly in such soil. It also increases the toxic metals in the soil that poisons the vegetation. Even old'trees are beingaffected due to acidity of soil. Their growth is retarded. They get dry and die) Q.9 _ Point out two serious effects of ozone depletion, Ans. Two serious effects of ozone depletion are as follows: () Decreased ozone layer will increase infectious diseases like malaria, Gi) It can change the life cycle of plants disrupting the food chain. Q.10 How ozone layer forms in stratosphere? ‘Ans. Ozone layer forms in atmosphere by the association of an oxygen atom with an oxygen molecule in the mid of stratosphere. Ow+Ony—40y, (exothermic reaction) Q.11 why the 75% of the atmospheric mass lies with in the troposphere? Ans. About 75% of the atmospheric mass lies within the because it covers the height from 0- 12 km. this is the region where all weathers occur. Almost all aircrafts fly in this Tegion. Q.12 How ozone layer is being depleted by chloroflouro carbon? Ans. However, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (under as refrigerants in air conditioners and refrigerators) are major cause of depletion of ozone layer. These compounds leak in one FREEILM.COM @) @@OO rreeim.com WEBSITE: HTTP://FREEILM.COM/ J[CONTACT US: SUPPORT@FREETLM.COM & FREEILM786QGMAZL.COM ]FREEILM.COM @° >) @@OO rreeim.com way or other escape and diffuse to stratosphere. These ultraviolet radiations break the C-Cl bond in CFCI; and generates chlorine free radicals as: . cFcl, —Y+cFCI,+Cl Oyy+Cl—+ yy +OCl ocl—. 0+ C1 0+0— 0, A single chlorine free radical released by the decomposition of CFCs is capable of destroying upto many lacs of ozone molecules. The region in which ozone layer depletes is called ozone hole. Baer tos Q.1 Write down the significance of atmospheric gasses. ‘Ans. See Questions No. 1 Q2° Givethe characteristics of troposphere. Why temperature increases upwards in this sphere? ‘Ans. See Questions No. 2 Q.3 What are the characteristics of stratosphere? Why temperature increases upwards in this sphere? ‘Ans. - See Questions No. 3 QA COsis necessary for plants but why its increasing Concentration is alarming for us? Ans, See Questions No. 7 Q5. Why CO is considered a health hazard? ‘Ans. See Questions No. 7 Q.6 Define acid rain. How it forums and what are its effects? ‘Ans. See Questions No. 9 Q.7 Compounds of sulphur are air pollutants. Describe the sources of these compounds along with their effects. ‘Ans. See Questions No.7 Q8 Where does ozone layer lie in atmosphere? How it is depleting and how we can prevent its depletion? ‘Ans. See Questions No. 10 Q.9 - Oxides of nitrogen cause air pollution. Describe the sources of these compounds. ‘Ans. See Questions No. 7 FREEILM.COM ©) @@OO rreeim.com [WEBSITE: HTTP: //FREEILM.COM/ J[CONTACT US: SUPPORT@FREEILM.COM & FREETLM786@GNAIL.COM J