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    6 views10 pages

    22 Section C CHPT 21 Corrections For Commutation

    Uploaded by

    Balachandra Paramesha

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    36 + AC Characteristics According to (20.5), Poo Pee PR PL Hence 08 fy! = Total power factor = Bat = a Corrections for Commutation Certain formulas derived for instantaneous commutation need a correction for the general case. Therefore we express the shape of the current curve during conmautation by the “function of commu tation” and compuse with this function correction factors for the Sfadamental and the rms valve of the currens Most relations derived in the preceding chapters are based oninstantaneous commutation. However, this is an idealized condition. In reality the ‘commutating loop contains considerable inductance, and the current transfer requires a certain period of time, As a consequence, the steps of the current curve lose their rectangular shape, This affects (@) the fundamental and the harmonies @ the rms value of the alternating current, and the corresponding components of the power as well, These influences will now be investigated, Function of Commutation Thejfst step of the mathematical development is to substitute a simple term for the rather complex expression that describes the current curve during commutation and thus to shorten the mathematical sentences. In fact, we would like to define this new term, the “function of commutation,” Ja in buch manner thatthe curent curve is described by Rise: Mo)=Lf. QLD Decay: Hot) = 1 =f), (12) Since the current curve during commutation is a section of a cosine curve (if we disregard the fact that itis slightly deformed as a consequence of ‘the resistance of the commutating Loop), it can be easily proved that both a 328 AC Characteristies ms (21.1) and (21.2) are satisfied if cosa — 608 et Fe cosa — cose + 0) Ao provided that eo = 0 is separately defined for rise and decay, as shown in a ro de 7 ; Tee alate ig. 21.1, Current curve used for deriving the “function of commutation” fig. 21.1. With this background the complex mathematical development can be started, Correction Factor for the Fundamental of the Current Under regular operation and with instantaneous commutation, the funda siepal ofthe currents, ora 3-phate supply system, nate nae since P, = Pyy. With'a certain commutating angle there is stil 3 ‘ t : het: 3B tion, but Py is not equal to P,yany more, “Hence! ‘the influence of commiltation on fis represented by the'ratlo Py/P,, which 4 because this is the d } equals 1 for instantaneous commutation, Actually, this ratios the j correction factor: 4 bee Be : “ 3B. Pes = For computing this factor let us start with a current curvethat consists of” a positive and a negative pulse, and lt us designate the length ofthe pulse Corrections for Commutation with instantaneous commutation by 7, and select the middle of the undis- placed, rectangular pulse for of = 0, as shown in fg. 21.2. Under these assumptions, the cosine component of the fundamental is “in phase” with the voltage ‘and thus determines the effective power, while the sine wea Fig. 21.2. Situstlon selected for computing the corectlog facor for the fundamental ‘of the current, .(@) Primary linto-neutral voltages, (®) Reviangular, undisplaced ‘cutent eurve = 0, # = 0), (€ Real curent curve. component is 90° lagging and defines the reactive power. Since the point fferent from the one selected for the definition off, ext muist be replaced in relation (21.3) by o + 9/2 for the rise, and by wt — 7/2 for tho decay, because the rise function is leading by 7/2 with respect to the new point-at = 0, while the function of decay is lagging by the same 330 *AeC Characteristtes angle. Furthermore, we analyze only the positive pulse because, for the reason of symmetry, the negative pulse contributes equally to, the result and ean be accounted for by the factor 2. Thus we compute the sine term with relation (17.5): alyzng function, I, {poten ‘on an 2 Te sinor dor +f in at dow 1 [ee desea pos.and tise middle section neg, pulse eoetot as + [a= 1) Saar « leon cree decay For the cosine term we find accordingly iy pene ea be al i$ cosa dot + |" cosat dex een Jesus | Jesse With some conversions these equations result in 4 gin yg 2+ sin 2e = sin 2(e + u) ena ee 2 Afoos « — cost + u)] i = rb sin 2 x S082 9086 + 0) a by Agi D x 2 G15) ‘The function of a and w in relation (21.5) is identical with the ratio Gig": desived in Chapter 7, and since it was sated earlier tat the coiine term determines the effeétive, power and the sine term the reactive power, we Tg. 214, Correction factor forthe fundamental ofthe curent, Solution, According to (19.6): E 08 fy'= Ze. sare SBS He BEX N With EYE, = 0.63 nnd Py/Pe, = 0.96, taken from the’chart of fig. 21.4, this results in. : ies, 063 ie" » (= 9S. 0656 corti 9.96 7 2855 Correction actor for the. rms Value of. the Current ‘The second part of the investigation deals with a correction factor for the sms value of the current: ‘We again start with the current eurve'shown in ig, 21s, and. express mathematically the rms valie ‘of this ‘current, describing rise and decay by the “tinction of commutation,” "Since the positive and. the negative pulse contribute equally to the ms ‘valle; we Corrections for Commutation 333 reduce the investigation to 4 cycle, and write: aan = 12 Fedor + 1267 + taf — 59 dor aoa rise middle section decay Defining the point of = 0 is not necessary because the rms value is deter- nnd by the eat generated ifthe eurent passes through @ resistor 0 that the loeston of the vious sections With empedt to ar = O's without infuene on the result. Rise and deey functions may even be started from the same point, which permits the combination of te two integrals: Haan = 18 = + 18f “UP bm 2h +L dot a tey - 28 [U, L2) deot and leads to Toma = he yt 1nd “Un Ke aaa] 219) as vale with an instantaneous commutation Result (21.9) has been given a form that contains the rms value calculated for instantaneous commutation accompanied by a correction factor. Other and more complex current eurves of rectifier connections under regular operation Yad to similar restits. All have thg-same jntegral under the square root, but associated with different factors, ‘Thié integral is usually symbolized by y(a,u) since f, is @ function of « and w. However, perforiing the integration is rather intricate and complex, ‘Therefore, only the result will be presented: asap tin + cosa + 1] — ull + 2eosa cose + u)} i ‘Qnfeos x — costa + u)FP For practical use, the complete correction factors for the various current ‘curves are shown in fig, 21.5. Although they are fufctions of « and u, they are very little affected by a and therefore plotted versus u only, ‘The top section of this chart provides a quick orientation, showing w a8 a function of E/E, at the vertical scale with E,/B,, 9s a parameter. At the right the correction factors are identified with respect to the current curves they bolong to, Correotion factors for the alternating line currents of regular connections are always the same for a certain pulse number, independent 334 A&C Characteristies Ee 5 y2 18 2% siernating frets oF tectiee fanteone cunts (ih rogue With ee ‘pecan compet eee srr ene “TT eee [Vi=svie Tete VirTFad ane Vi=ts een gus aa LE Le searal i, 215," Coméetion factor forthe rms valis of the eurrent, > commulatng ale u Vier ‘of the real shape (Independent of 2). Some correction factors belong to currents with a é0,gamponent, For these factors the current ourves-are show Example (Total power factor with phase control and.comimuiatton) Determine the total power factor:for:the operating.conditions. specified for the last'sample calculation; assume q = 6. Solution, For Ee[Bjg=12% and Fal, 0:63 we read from the chart of fig. 21.5: vale OFS SHG t= 098: ‘and compute with relation (197 tapos sor Ex [Bt] x teat: a = 0633 = ott j Appendix Units Length 1 inch om Volume 1 galton 78544 emt Force 1b = 043359 gt Idyne = 1.01972 x 10-*Kgt i 1 Newion = 10 dyne : Buergy leg st dayne om : Lint, Joule = 1 Wee 1 Bu = 251,996 cal, 1 Wsee = 0.10197 kg m = 0.23885 cal Power TPS = 75,000 kg mjseo 1HP = 76.0402 kg:mjsec LEW = 1.3596 PS‘ 1.3414 HP 2°860.44/Kealfh ‘Magnetic field Bo = 4m x 10% H/em 4 1 1 Onttedt = ‘fer ft “ 1 amet

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