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  • 21 Section C CHPT 20 Characteristics For Free-Wheeling Operation

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    9 views14 pages

    21 Section C CHPT 20 Characteristics For Free-Wheeling Operation

    Uploaded by

    Balachandra Paramesha

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 14
    314 AC Characteristios ‘The upper section of fig. 2 performance a commut read for this value and q .5 shows for the same conditions and 6-pulse angle of w= 15°, In the lower section we 6 a correction factor of = 0982 For «= 0 a total power factor of 0.831 was computed, Hence, with the reaclive voltage drop taken into account, ‘Total power factor = 2831 _ 9 946 Z 0982 Correction for the Exciting Current ‘The exciting current of the transformer contributes to the reactive power and thus requires additional corrections of the power factors. For the displacement power factor the correction can be determined by means of fig. 19.5, taken from the ASA Standards, C34.1-1958, For the total power factor, this chart may be used as an approximation, Characteristics for Free-Wheeling Operation Under free-wheeling operation the rectifier connection carries pule sating load. New relations between the a-e and the d-c quantities will Be derived and graphically presented. In the foregoing chapters the alternating currents ofa rectifier connection hhave been investigated under the assumption of aditect current of constant value. Any variations of the load will be reflected to the primary side and change the alternating currents, Such variations occur under free-wheeling aperation where the load current is periodically bypassed during the intervals of negative transformer emf, 50 thatthe rectifier carries a pulsating Joad, as shown in ig. 20.1. Obviously, currents of this type do not belong ot ig. 20.1, Influence of free-wheeling operation on the alternating current. (@) Regular ‘operation, (6) Freewheeling opecation (alternating current and deat wotage), ais 316 A-C Characteristies in the category of the currents investigated in Chapters 16 and 17, since they are different in shape and harmonic composition, Furthermore, the ratio between on- and off-time of the rectifier connection is a function of the phase control angle. Hence the characteristic values of the alternating current, the rms value of the fundamental, J and the rms value of the total current, Jz, as well as the corresponding power quantities, the power ofthe fundamental, Py, and the total power, Pag Which are unaffected by phase control in the regular mode, are now functions ofthe angle of phase control. To derive these new relations is the problem we are facing. General Conclustons In the foregoing chapters the rectifier connection was conceived as a ‘black box’ with only q and & known, and the a-o characteristics were derived under the assumption that this box was not able to absorb or to store energy, ie, input and output power were in balance at any instant. In order to employ the sarse model for free-wheeling operation, we regard the bypass circuit as a switch that periodically turns the load current off and determine the alternating currents inthe same way as before, but make them zero during the intervals of free-wheeling operation, “\his interpretatffi algo permits the following conclusion about the ‘ampere-turn balance on the transformer, If, in @ certain connection, the secondary amperesturns can be balanced by the primary currents at any instant, this condition must be satisfied for any Joad including a load that {s zero during certain intervals, Hence,‘all connections with ampereturn ‘balance can be operated:with a free-wheeling diode, Special attention should be paid to corinections with d-c unbalance. ‘This kind of unbalance ‘was considered permissiblo‘under regular operation. With a pulsating oad, however, the magnetic flux caused by the unbalanced ampere-turns ‘would also pulsate and induce voltages in the windings and generate heat in adjacent construction parts, which cannot be tolerated, Example, (Waveshape of the.alternating current) Determine the shape of the'slternating line current of a 3-pulse rectifier connection with a free-wheeling diode and & = 15°, operating at = 60°, (Characteristics for Free-Wheeling Operation 317 ‘ here t « | ‘Solution (jltustrated by fig, 20.2), We draw a sine curve and mark the points that define the steps of the current curve as explained for regular operation. Then we mark the intervals of operation in symmetry to these points, but shorten the current pulses at the end by & — 30°, Power of the Fundamental To investigate the influence of free-wheeling operation on the fundamental of the alternating current, we first analyze the current curve of fig. 20.3. With wt = 0 defined for the middle of the positive pulse (which eliminates sine components) we compute according to relation (17. QR go ‘mm ~ baad cot order = Sin Ting ton So) integral covers only 1 out of 4 identical sections per eycle a ‘The result discloses that the amplitude of the fundamental is proportional to sin(6/2). ‘The (more complex) current curve of a rectifier with. free- ‘wheeling operation can be interpreted as a combination of such current pulses as just analyzed, Each pulse contributes to the fundamental of the total curfent in proportion to its magnitude, and exch contribution is + associated with the factor sin(f/2), Hence the fundamental of the total 318. - AC Characteristies ‘current depends on the “width” of the individual pulses according to 8 1, = const, x sin 2 or in terms of power: B P= const. x sin& eee This must also be true for the limit condition between regular and free- wheeling operation where 2n ar because g pulses cover just one aycle, and where Pim Pas in accordance with relation (17.1), because this is also a condition of ‘This defines the constant: = p,, 0612) 0.1) oO Sinte]a) Equation (20.1) describes the apparent power of thefundamental, neglecting. the exciting current of the transformer. The effective component must be in balance with the d-c power. Hence it ean be computed from the voltage ratio Byles cos 2sinGwla) (equation 133) *” 20.2) S wre ie redulting in goa) ‘The reactive component is defined by 3 Prost = VP With relations (20.1) and (20.3) inserted, and with a few ‘arithmetical conversions, we find, ‘ voor Preset = Pop SB eee 2ein(a/a) Charactristes for Bre-Wheelig Opettion 319 ‘Thus the power of the fundamental and its components can be determined if the conducting angle f is known. This angle is defined by the phase control angle « according to relation (13.1), or by the direct voltage aecording to formula (20.2). Example (Displacement power factor under free-wheeling operation) Determine the displacement power factor cos 4," of a 6-pulse rectifier connection with a fes-wheeling diode, assuming thatthe ouput volage is reduced by phase control to 30%, and that the commutations ocoar instaitancously. Solution. From fg. 13.3 we read for q = 6 and (By, — E/E y, = 03an angle of phase control of «= 75°, and compute with relation (13.1) Bm 120° — amas ‘The displacement power factor is cos fy! = Pett sae Ps For Peg/Ps, We introduce H,/Ey, which is 0.3 in this ease, and we find PaPs With equation (20.1). ‘This resus j cos $,' = 0.3 = Total Input Power ‘The second part of the problem requizes the calculation of the rms value of the alternating fine eurrent, under free-wheeling operation, Since this ‘currentisa combination of curitat pulses that do not overlap, each withthe angle p, ‘we regpgnize that the rms value of single ccurrent.pulses as shown in fig. 20.3 is a

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