Table of Contents

Problem Statement...........................................................................................................................3
Approach..........................................................................................................................................3
Description of process adopted:...................................................................................................4
Summary of the results....................................................................................................................6
Discussion of the results..................................................................................................................7
References........................................................................................................................................8
Appendix-A.....................................................................................................................................9

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Flow chart of the procedure adopted................................................................................3
Figure 2: Plan of water supply system.............................................................................................4

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Details of fittings used in the system.................................................................................6
Table 2: Summary of the project.....................................................................................................6

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Problem Statement

Water is an essential need for all in order to live a normal daily life. In water supply schemes the

main concern is to maintain pressure and velocities of flows to the consumers so that maximum

number of people can get benefit of it. This is done by achieving enough head that can be enough

to deliver all consumers. Head is achieved by provided elevated water tanks and pumps to the

system. In present problem it is required to design a water supply system from reservoir to

elevated water tank with flow rate of 1 cumecs.

Approach

Following flow chart shows the procedure to get the required results:

Steady flow energy Pump head developed

Sum frictional and by summing elevation
equation applied to
minor losses difference and all
the system
losses.

Pump head equation Sum of all K values Using Pump head

is developed and calculation of calculation of power
minor losses in WATTS

Calculation of
Assuming Suitable
relative roughness Calculation of power
diameter and
and reynolds
material of pipe
number
in Horsepower

K values for valves,

Friction factor from
elbows, bends, sharp
Moody's Diagram
entrance and exit,

Figure 1: Flow chart of the procedure adopted

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Description of process adopted:

1. Observation of plan and front view of given drawing was done and following system was

designed in order supply water to tank.

Figure 2: Plan of water supply system

2. With respect to figure 2 the steady flow energy equation was applied to the system in

order to calculate required pump head to deliver water to the tank.

p1 v 1 2 p 2 v 22
z 1+ + =z 2 + + +h f + ∑ h m−h p (eq-1)
ρg 2 g ρg 2 g

3. Pressures at both ends are same as both ends are open to air, similarly velocities are zero

at both ends. Elevation difference was measured as 50 m. Putting all these values eq-1 for

pump head becomes:

v2
h p =50+ ¿ (eq-2)
2g

Where K is coefficient for minor losses, f is friction factor, D is diameter of pipe and V is

velocity of flow.

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4. Standard diameter size was assumed to 400 mm (Road 2003) and material of pipe is steel

welded pipe with absolute roughness of 0.045 mm. Using this absolute roughness and

diameter of pipe, relative roughness was calculated and it is e/D=0.0001125.

5. Using diameter of pipe velocity was measured by using continuity equation V=Q/A.

Calculated velocity is 7.957 m/s.

6. Reynold’s number was measured using velocity, diameter of pipe and kinematic viscosity

at normal temperature (Rn= DV/ν) . Reynold’s number value calculated is 3163817.09.

7. Using Reynolds number and relative roughness, friction factor f was calculated by the

help of Moody’s diagram (Moody, n.d.). Friction factor value calculated was 0.01276.

8. For minor losses k values were sort out using tables from (White 2011). The sum of all K

coefficient was 13.65.

9. Using all values, D, L, f, K and v in equation-2, Pump head was calculated, which was

130.0784 m.

10. Using this head the power in watts was calculated using power formula

Power ( Watts )= ρ∗g∗h p∗Q

11. Power in horse power was calculated to be 2282 HP with 75 percent pump efficiency

assumption.

Power ( HP )=ρ∗g∗h p∗Q/746

12. Detailed calculations are attached in Appendix-A of the report.

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Summary of the results

Table 1: Details of fittings used in the system

Detail of Fittings
Fitting Quantity

Open globe valve 1

Screwed (90 degree

1
regular elbow)

Half open gate

1
valve

Bend 1

Table 2: Summary of the project

Summary of the Project

Flow Pipe Pipe Pump Pump
rate Material of pipe length dia. Power Efficiency
m3/s m m HP %age
Steel Welded
1 Pipe 350 0.4 2282 75

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Discussion of the results

It was observed that total head required to deliver the flow rate of 1 cumecs was 131 m

approximately. Which can be achieved by providing suitable pump, as pump power was

measured to be 2282 HP with 75 percent efficiency. This horsepower pump is available and can

be applied to deliver water. Steel welded material pipe was selected as seen from summary table

due to its long age and strength. Also losses are less in these type of pipes. Diameter was

assumed under the light of standard sizes of pipes. It gave enough velocity to deliver enough

velocity head to achieve the total head required. The system was designed successful under

standards.

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References
Moody. n.d. “Moody’s Chart.” https://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/ME303-
4.1.1.pdf.
Road, Bannerghatta. 2003. “Standard Pipe Sizes” 491: 2–6. https://doi.org/16/04/17.
White, F M. 2011. Fluid Mechanics. McGraw-Hill Series in Mechanical Engineering. McGraw
Hill. https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=egk8SQAACAAJ.

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Appendix-A

CALCULATIONS

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