SECTION I: LISTENING Part 1: Questions 1-10 Mark: «20 You will hear part of a student’s presentation about the variety of different species that live in the world ocean. Listen and complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Ocean Biodiversity Biodiversity hotspots = areas containing many different species ~ important for locating targets for (1) ~ at first only identified on land Boris Worm, 2005 = identified hotspots for large ocean predators, e.g. sharks - found that ocean hotspots: + were not always rich in (2) + had higher temperatures at the (3) .... cesses + had sufficient (4) ..... sessseeeceseeeseseeecesee im the Water Lisa Balance, 2007 - looked for hotspots for marine (5) - found these were all located where ocean currents meet, Census of Marine Life = found new ocean species living + under the (6) + near voleanoes on the ovean floor Global Marine Species Assessment ‘want to list endangered ocean species, considering + population size + geographical distribution rate OF (7) ceecsesseeesseeee . - Aim: to assess 20,000 species and make distribution (8) for each one Recommendations to retain ocean biodiversity = increase the number of ocean reserves establish (9) sesssessssssseeeeeseee - reduce fishing quotas corridors (e.g. for turtles) - catch fish only for the purpose of (10) Part 2: Questions 11-20 Mark: ..../20 You will hear 2 psychology students, Lisa and Greg, discussing a project they have to do. Choose the correct letter A, B, or C 11. The students in Akira Miyake’s study were all majoring in A. physics. B. psychology or physics. C. science, technology, engineering or mathematics. 12, The aim of Miyake’s study was to investigate ‘A. what kind of women choose to study physics. B. a way of improving women’s performance in physics. . whether fewer women than men study physics at college. 13. The female physics students were wrong to believe that Page 1AA. the teachers marked them in an unfair way B. the female students expected them to do badly. C. their test results were lower than the male students’. 14, Miyake’s team asked the students to write about ‘A. what they enjoyed about studying physics, B. the successful experiences of other people. . something that was important to them personally. 15. What was the aim of the writing exercise done by the subjects? A. to reduce stress B. to strengthen verbal ability C. to encourage logical thinking 16. What surprised the researchers about the study? A. how few students manage to get A grades B. the positive impact it had on physics results for women C. the difference between male and female performance 17, Greg and Lisa think Miyake’s results could have been affected by A. the length of the writing task. B. the number of students who took part. C. the information the students were given 18, Greg and Lisa decide that in their own project, they will compare the effect of A. two different writing tasks B. a writing task with an oral task. C. two different oral tasks. 19. The main finding of Smolinsky’s research was that class teamwork activities, ‘A. were most effective when done by all-women groups. B. had no effect on the performance of men and women. C. improved the results of men more than of women, 20. What will Lisa and Greg do next? A. talk to a professor B. observe a science class C. look at the science timetable Part 3: Questions 21-25 Mark: Listen to a part of a discussion between a student and one of her lecturers. ‘What recommendations does Dr Johnson make about the journal articles? Choose your answers from the box and write letter A-G to the questions 21-25 A. must read E. read research methods B. useful F. read conclusion C. limited value G. don’t read D. read first section Example: Anderson and Hawker: A Jackson: 21. ssseee Roberts: 22. Mortis: 28. Cooper: 24. Forster: 25 THIS IS THE END OF THE LISTENING SECTION /0 Page 2SECTION II- LEXICO AND GRAMMAR Part 1: Questions 1-20 Mark: ..../20 Choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the box below. (0) has been done as an example 0.1. Are these window really made Of senon? A. the glass B. a glass C. glasses D. glass 1. John and Mary......... on all their books; she write the text and he does the artwork. A. study B. collaborate C. discuss D. divide 2. Has Britain’ influence in the world since the Second World War? ‘A. decayed B. worsened C. declined D. devastated 3, My jeans... in the wash and they're too small for me now. A. reduced B. deteriorated . shrank D. diminished 4, Da Vinei’s Mona Lisa is + ift was destroyed, no amount of money could ever replace it A. priceless B. worthless C. valueless D. invaluable 5. Although she would have preferred to carry on working, my mum ...... her eateer in order to have children, A. devoted B. repealed C. sacrificed D. abolished 6, Jerry loves snowboarding so much that it’s almost like a drug A. passion B. absession C. addiction D. requirement 7 Keeping a relationship going is hard enough, without any....... pressure from parents, A. external B. incoming C. outward D. outdoor 8. A middle-aged man was seen running away from the ofthe crime. A. place B. scene C. location D. point 9, Are you having a exam before you sit the actual exam in June? A. fake B. dress C. false D. mock 10. The sky suddenly went dark as a huge........ of birds passed overhead. A herd B. flock CC. pack D. tribe 11. These days, I only see Morgan once in a... MOON. A. green B. grey C. blue D. white 12, My relationship with Issac is one of... tespect. A. mutual B. compatible C. relative D. integral 13. The computer has had an enermous, on the way we work. A. impression B. influence C. change D. alteration 14.In a few hundred years’s time, oil will not be neatly S0 .... here on Earth, A. abundant B. ample C. considerable. immense 15, We received a call from the teacher charge of our course. Avat B.in Con D.to 16, Atno time .....0 L Was going to fail the exam. A. did I think B. I thought C. thought I D. was I thought 17. $0 ssn that they actually finished three weeks early. ‘A. fast the builders were B. the builders were fast CC. were the builders fast D. fast were the builder 18.It would have been a great journey, .... We not got lost along the way. Ahad B. would C. should D. might 19. as I'd love to, I won't be able to come. AThough B. Despite C. Even D. Much 20. The salesman neglected that the price didn’t include delivery. A. in mentioning __B. mentioning C, mention D. to mention Your answers: _[0.D 1 2. 3. 4 5 6 T. 8. 9 10, IT iv Bs cm 15, 16, 17. 18. 19, 20. Page 3Part 2: Questions 21-30 Mark: ..../10 Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line, There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers in the box below. HOW MUSIC WAS WRITTEN DOWN The familiar (0) .... system of notation— writing down music using symbols~ | 0. WEST has taken thousands of years to develop. In ancient times, elaborate music was in (21) ...., even though it was never written down, Eventually, 21. EXIST however, (22) ..... felt the need to record their music, and so the search began | 22. CIVILISE for a system of symbols that could (23) ..... denote the exact pitch of the 23. RELY note to be sung or played, and at the same time tell the (24) .....how long | 24. PERFORM that note should be held. The ancient Greeks and Romans did this by using their alphabetical letters in (25) ...... of ways, but the slow development of notation could not keep pace with (26) ..... complex music developments. The 13° century saw the introduction of colours to represent more complex note values With the invention of printing in the 15 century, the writing of notes was (27) «+.» to black and white and the number of lines became fixed at five. By | 27. STANDARD the middle of the 18" century, musical notation had settled down to his ‘modem usage. ‘The main (28) ..... to this system has been the adoption of expression marks, | 28. ADD which multiplied (29)..... im the 18% century. These convey the composer's | 29. SIGNIFY intentions as regards speed, (30) ..... and so on, to be the player or singer. 30, INTENSE Your answei 0. Western 21. 22, 23, 24, 28, 26. 21. 28, 29. 30. Part 3: Questions 31-50 Mark: ..../20 For questions 31-50, read the text below and complete the text with the given word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. Write your answers in the box below. bleak continually since greatly whole songwriters percentage from royalties negotiate —_—bigger successful author however fee increases few jmber performance turmoil AR’ AND MONEY In publishing, an author will usually earn (31) .......... on sales. For every book sold, the authors get a 2) The more successful the author, the more they are able to (33) with th publisher, and the (34) the percentage they can get. Although the ‘struggling author’ is still common, it is quite possible for a (35) novelist to cam a great deal of money. You only have to look at the children’s (36) .......-..J.K. Rowling to see that. For a painter or sculptor, (37) the situation is more difficult. A painter sells his or her work for a (38) ‘As the painter becomes more successful, the painting becomes valuable. Every time it is, sold, its value (39) ......... « The painter doesn't receive any benefit from this, though. To make money, the artist has to be (40) .......... producing new pieces. More than a (41) artists today, however, are very aware of this, and so practice what is sometimes called “holding back’. They produce, say, ten paintings for an exhibition, but only allow a certain (42) of them, say eight, to be sold. The other two they keep, in the hope that when they sell them in later years, they will have (43) increased in value For musicians, there are royalties for (44) ......... (€.g. on CD) and for writing. However, (45) ss. the illegal transfer of digital music via the Internet has become widespread, many (46) .......... and Page 4performers have become worried that their main source of income will dry up. Certainly, the (47) .. music industry- be it pop, rock or classical is in (48) ......... at the moment, but its future is not (49) ‘There is still a huge amount of money to be made (50) .......... live performances. Your answers: 31 32. 3B. 34, 35 36, 37. 38. 39, 40. 41 a2. 3. 44, 45 46. 47. 48, 49, 50, ‘SECTION III. READING COMPREHENSION Part 1: Questions 51-65 Mark: ..../30 Read the following passage and and do the following tasks. Write your answers in the box below ‘THE TRUTH ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hit-list of our ‘main fears: that natural resources are running out that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to cat, that species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and that the planet's air and water are becoming ever more polluted. But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more abundant, not less so, since the book "The Limits to Growth’ was published in 1972 by a group of scientists. Second, more food is now produced per head of the world's population than at any time in history. Fewer people are starving. Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct, only about 0.7% of them are expected to disappear in the next 50 years, not 25-50%, as has so often been predicted. And finally, most forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been exaggerated, or are transient - associated with the early phases of industrialisation and therefore best cured not by stricting economic growth, but by accelerating it One form of pollution the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming - does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem. A bigger problem may well tu out to be an inappropriate response to it. Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality. One is the lopsidedness built into scientific research, Scientific funding goes mainly to areas with many problems. That may be wise policy, but it will also create an impression that many more potential problems exist than is the case. Secondly, environmental groups need to be noticed by the mass media, They also need to keep the money rolling in, Understandably, perhaps, they sometimes overstate their arguments. In 1997, for example, the World Wide Fund for Nature issued a press release entitled: ‘Two-thirds of the world's forests lost forever’. The truth turns out to be nearer 20%. Though these groups are run overwhelmingly by selfless folk, they nevertheless share many of the characteristics of other lobby groups. That would matter less if people applied the same degree of skepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields. A trade organisation arguing for, say, weaker pollution control is instantly seen as self-interested. Yet a green organisation opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic, even if an impartial view of the controls in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good. A third source of confusion is the attitude of the media. People are dearly more curious about bad news than good, Newspapers and broadcasters are there to provide what the public wants: That, however, can lead to significant distortions of perception, An example was America’s encounter with EI Nino in 1997 and 1998. This climatic phenomenon was accused of wrecking tourism, causing allergies, melting the ski- slopes, and causing 22 deaths. However, according to an article in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, the damage it did was estimated at US$4 billion but the benefits amounted to some US$19 billion. These came from higher winter temperatures (which saved an estimated 850 lives, reduced heating costs and diminished spring floods caused by melt waters). The fourth factor is poor individual perception. People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff Page 5everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste. Yet, even if America's trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 2st century will still take up only one-12,000th of the area of the entire United States. So what of global warming? As we know, carbon dioxide emissions are causing the planet to warm. The best estimates are that the temperatures will rise by 2-3°C in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US$5,000 billion. Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem, economic analyses dearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures. A model by one of the main authors of the United Nations Climate Change Panel shows how an expected temperature increase of 2.1 degrees in 2100 would only be diminished to an increase of 1.9 degrees. Or to put it another way, the temperature increase that the planet would have experienced in 2094 would be postponed to 2100. So this does not prevent global warming, but merely buys the world six years. Yet the cost of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, for the United States alone, will be higher than the cost of solving the world's single, most pressing health problem: providing universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation. Such measures would avoid 2 million deaths every year, and prevent half a billion people from becoming seriously ill. Its crucial that we look at the facts if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future. It may be costly to be overly optimistic - but more costly still to be too pessimistic. Questions 51-6: Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage? In boxes 51-56, write: YES ifthe statement agrees with the writer's claims NO_ if the statement contradicts the writer's claims NOT GIVEN ifit is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 51. Environmentaliss take a pessimistic view of the world for a number of reasons. 52. Data on the Earth’s natural resources has only been collected since 1972. 53. The number of starving people in the world has increased in recent years. 54, Extinct species are being replaced by new species. 55. Some pollution problems have been correctly linked to industrialisation. 56. It would be best to attempt to slow down economic growth. Questions $7-61: Choose the correct letter 4, B, Cor D. Write your answers in boxes 57- 61 below 57. What aspect of scientific research does the writer express concern about in paragraph 47 ‘A. the need to produce results B. the lack of financial support . the selection of areas to research D. the desire to solve every research problem 58. The writer quotes from the Worldwide Fund for Nature to illustrate how ‘A. influential the mass media can be. B. effective environmental groups can be. C. the mass media can help groups raise funds. D. environmental groups can exaggerate their claims. ‘59, What is the writer’s main point about lobby groups in paragraph 6? ‘A. Some are more active than others. B. Some are better organised than others. C. Some receive more criticism than others . Some support more important issues than others. 60. The writer suggests that newspapers print items that are intended to A. educate readers. B, meet their readers’ expectations. C. encourage feedback from readers. D. mislead readers 61. What does the writer say about America's waste problem? A. It will increase in line with population growth. B. Itis not as important as we have been led to believe, C. Ithas been reduced through public awareness of the issues. D. Itis only significant in certain areas of the country. Questions 62-65 Complete the summary with the list of words A-I below. Write the letter A — I in boxes 62 — 65 Page 6GLOBAL WARMING ‘The writer admits that global warming is a (62) ......-... challenge, but says that it will not have a catastrophic (63) on our future, if we deal with it in the (64) ‘way, If we try to reduce the levels of green house gases, he believes that it would only have a minimal impact on rising temperatures. He feels it would be better to spend money on the more (65) health problem of providing the world’s population with clean drinking water. ‘A. unrealistic B. agreed C. expensive D. right E. long-term F impact G. surprising H. personal urgent Your answers: 31. 32, 33. 34, 35. 36 37. 38, 59, 60. 61 62. 63. 64 65 Part 2: Questions 66-75 Mark: ..../20 Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to ind questions. Write your answers in the box below Even before the tun of the century, movies began to develop in two major directions: the realistic and the formalistic, Realism and formalism are merely general, rather than absolute, terms. When used to suggest a tendency toward either polarity, such labels can be helpful, but in the end they are still just labels. Few films are exclusively formalist in style, and fewer yet are completely realist. There is also an important difference between realism and reality, although this distinction is often forgotten. Realism is a particular style, whereas physical reality is the source of all the raw materials of film, both realistic and formalistic. Virtually all movie directors go to the photographable world for their subject matter, but what they do with this material - how they shape and manipulate it - determines thei Generally speaking, realistic films attempt to reproduce the surfa distortion. In photographing objects and events, the filmmaker tries to suggest the copiousness of life itself. Both realist and formalist film directors must select (and hence emphasize) certain details from the chaotic sprawl of reality. But the element of selectivity in realistic films is less obvious. Realists, in short, try to preserve the illusion that their film world is unmanipulated, an objective mirror of the actual world, Formalists, on the other hand, make no such pretense. They deliberately stylize and distort their raw materials so that only the very naive would mistake a manipulated image of an object or event for the real thing, We rarely notice the style in a realistic movie; the artist tends to be self-effacing. Some filmmakers are more concerned with what is being shown than how it is manipulated. The camera is used conservatively It is essentially a recording mechanism that reproduces the surface of tangible objects with as little commentary as possible, A high premium is placed on simplicity, spontaneity, and directness. This is not to suggest that these movies lack artistry, however, for at its best the realistic cinema specializes in art that conceals art, 66. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. Acting styles, Film plots C. Styles of filmmaking __D. Filmmaking 100 years ago 67. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? ‘A. Realism and formalism are outdated terms B. Most films are neither exclusively realistic nor formalist. C. Realistic films are more popular than formalistic ones. D, Formalistic films are less artistic than realistic ones. 68. The phrase "this distinetion" in line 5 refers to the difference between te the correct answer to each of the A. formalists and realists B. realism and reality C. general and absolute D. physical reality and raw materials 69. Whom does the author say is primarily responsible for the style of a film? A.The director. The actors C. The producer D. The camera operator 70. The word "preserve" in line 13 is closest in meaning t0 .......... B. maintain C. reflect D. attain in line 14 refers to A. encourage 71. The word "The Page 7A. films B. realists C. formalists D. raw materials 72. How can one recognize the formalist style? A. It uses familiar images, B. It is very impersonal. C. Itobviously manipulates images. D. It mirrors the actual world. 73. The word "tangible" in line 19 is closest in meaning to .. A. concrete B. complex C. various. D. comprehensible 74, Which of the following terms is NOT used to describe realism in filmmaking? A. Simple B. Spontaneous. Self-effacing —_D. Exaggerated 75. Which of the following films would most likely use a realist style A. A travel documentary B. A science fiction film C. A musical drama D. An animated cartoon Your answers: 66. GA 8. 8. 70. 7. R2. B. 7, 75. SECTION IV: WRITING Part 1: Questions 76 — 85 Mark: ..../10 In most lines of the following text, there is cither a spelling or a punctuation error. For each number line 76 — 85, write the correctly spelled word or show the correct punctuation in the box on your answer sheet. Some lines are correct. Indicate these lines on your answer sheet with a tick ( \) in the box. (0), (00), (000) are the examples. Write your answers in the box below. 0. generation 00. 000. comunications, already MOBILE PHONES ‘The next genneration of telephone users will laugh when we explain | 0. generation how we used to stand next to a wall in the kitchen to make a phone | 00. ¥ call, Mobile communications already highly advanced compared with | 000. a decade ago, will completly alter communications in the next few | 76 years. Though there are millions of people using mobile phones most _ | 77 people know little about the mobile telecommunications industry and | its tecnology. There are three types of mobile phone. These are hand | 78, portables mobiles and transportables. The smallest and most popular | 79. are the pocket-sized hand portables. These work on rechargeable 80. batteries, which allow an average of up to 80 minute's conversation. | 81 Mobiles are fitted permanently in a vehicle, so do not rely on. Vv seperate batteries. They require an external aerial on the vehicle. ‘This can mean a stronger signal with clearer speech. Transportables | 83. have a high power capability and can be used almost anywhere. Vv ‘They come with a powerful battery pack for longer, continuous use Vv and may also be put into a vehicle, using it’s el They tend to | 84. be bulkier than hand portables. Which ever type people use, there can bbe no doubt that mobile phones are becoming as commonplace in Page 8‘everyday life in many countries as ordinary phones and that they have |v transformed communications ‘Your answers: 76. 71. 78. 79. 80. 81 82. 83, 84 85 “Part 2: Questions 86 — 90 Mark: ....J10 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. DO NOT CHANGE THE WORD GIVEN. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 86. They say the fashion model was discovered by her agent while working at a restaurant. (SAID) The fashion model is 87. "You will have to travel a lot in this job,’ the manager told her. (INVOLVE) discovered by her agent while working at a restaurant, The manager informed her that the job allot 88, “You left my MPS player on the train, Tom!” shouted Mary. (ACCUSED) Mary . . MP3 player on the train. 89, If Joe hadn’t had that accident, he would have become a professional football player. (FOR) Ifit... , Joe would have become a professional football player. 90. Oliver was the only person who didn’t enjoy the party. (WITH) Everyone enjoyed the party Oliver. Part 3: Questions 91-95 Mark: ...../10 inish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it. 91. Tom couldn't afford to buy the car. The Cf sssssessessstesssesees 92. 1am always nervous when I fa Facing soseetenisnneenneee ceseeeeccssane 93. The mother came and lived with them to take care of their children. That was their request. It 94, He has never behaved so violently before. He is behaving. peste sestsnssnnseeeeeeeenes 95. It was his overconfidence that led to his defeat in the Wimbledon Final. a lot of people. Part 4: Mark: ..../20 Read the following extract on the newspaper. Facebook has become a very popular social network on the Internet nowadays. However, itis causing a number of problems to its users. Write an essay to an educated readers about the problems and solutions of using Facebook. ‘You should write at least 250 words. Your response will be evaluated in terms of Task Fulfillment, Organization, Vocabualary and Grammar. Page 9