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Table of contents
Analyst report ............................................................................................. 3 7. Neutral hosts and other service providers ........................ 20
1. CBRS launch: what does it mean?.......................................... 4 8. Mobile operators, cable operators, WISPs ........................ 21
▪ Who does what in CBRS............................................................. 5 9. Takeaways .............................................................................. 23
▪ Report roadmap ......................................................................... 6 Conversations............................................................................................ 24
▪ What CBRS brings to the US wireless market .......................... 7 CBRS Alliance | CBRS 101 for the enterprise ........................... 25
▪ The CBRS timeline: the path to commercial deployments, Corning | Taking CBRS inside the enterprise ........................... 31
PALs and 5G ................................................................................ 8 NetNumber | CBRS makes it easier for the enterprise to
▪ CBRS spectrum ........................................................................... 9 deploy private LTE networks ..................................................... 38
▪ The OnGo certification program ............................................. 10 Radisys | OnGo certification strengthens the CBRS ecosystem
....................................................................................................... 44
2. The CBRS ecosystem .............................................................10
Sequans | OnGo modules accelerate and widen CBRS support
3. Devices: EUDs .........................................................................11
in IoT devices ............................................................................... 50
4. RAN: CBSDs ............................................................................13
Intel | CBRS: Learning to listen to the enterprise .................... 54
5. SAS and ESC providers ..........................................................15
FCC | How did the FCC take CBRS off the ground? ................. 61
6. Network management and wider ecosystem ....................16
Glossary......................................................................................... 65
▪ CBRS as a service ...................................................................... 19
References .................................................................................... 66
Analyst report
For WISPs and other service providers, CBRS offers a way to use a
standards-based and cost-effective technology (LTE) and highly valuable
spectrum, alongside other bands, in low-density suburban and rural areas
to strengthen their business case and their ability to reach their customers.
Report roadmap
Mindful of the wide range of ecosystem players needed to make CBRS succeed, this report focuses mostly on who is
doing what within the ecosystem. The report shows how, in trying to reach the enterprise, the wireless industry needs a
new approach to developing service offerings – one that requires more partnerships and a richer set of options, but
also more openness and the participation of a wider group of players.
The interviews in the second part of the report further illustrate the breadth of the wireless ecosystem that feeds CBRS.
Sequans has developed a module that vendors can use to add CBRS to their devices, thus enabling them to participate
in the CBRS ecosystem. The Sequans module can accelerate the adoption of CBRS for IoT applications in the
enterprise.
Corning sees CBRS as a way to expand its reach within the enterprise, by combining its DAS experience with the small
cell expertise it recently added through the SpiderCloud acquisition, and by offering a more compelling set of options
to enterprises that are ready to unwire.
Radisys works on several CBRS fronts, including protocol stacks, SAS agent integration, and the EPC. In our
conversation for this report, we focused on the role Radisys had in establishing the OnGo certification program and
how Radisys helps equipment vendors go through the certification process.
NetNumber sees CBRS as a key component of its private LTE network solution, which aims to provide the enterprise
the performance and security of public cellular networks while removing the complexity of network management in
the core.
The CBRS Alliance has been instrumental in promoting CBRS, from regulation to certification and branding, with the
support of a large and effective membership. In my conversation with CBRS Alliance President Dave Wright, I play the
role of an enterprise CIO team member trying to figure out what CBRS can do for my organization.
Finally, the FCC’s Mike O’Rielly gives a candid description of the work that went into getting CBRS off the ground. He
and his team gathered the support of incumbents whose access needs to be protected, mobile operators
accustomed to have spectrum exclusively allocated to them, and the unlicensed crowd advocating more free access
to spectrum.
This report is a sequel to Senza Fili’s previous report on CBRS and the opportunity it presents to the enterprise,
entitled “CBRS: Should the enterprise and venue owners care?” That report explores in more detail what benefits
CBRS offers the enterprise and what challenges CBRS must meet to succeed. The report, sponsored by the CBRS
Alliance, Ericsson, Federated Wireless, Nokia and Westell, can be downloaded here.
Open access to 150 MHz of spectrum in the 3.5 GHz band in the US
With CBRS, the FCC opens 150 MHz in the 3.5 GHz band (3550 MHz-3700 MHz) for access to licensed users with a Priority Access License (PAL) and to registered users
with General Authorized Access (GAA), alongside incumbents which will retain the rights to use the band. CBRS creates a framework for 4G and 5G deployments in this
band, which is currently underused in the US. In many other countries, the 3.5 GHz band is reserved for 5G deployments.
With CBRS’s three-tier access system, multiple users share the spectrum and, because of the users’ different location and needs, the overall efficiency and utilization of
the spectrum will increase. For instance, WISPs can use CBRS to continue to use the band to provide broadband connectivity, mobile operators to add capacity in traffic
hotspots, and venue owners and enterprises to improve indoor coverage – all concurrently, because their footprints are largely not overlapping.
CBRS is an ambitious attempt to combine the freedom of unlicensed access with the guarantees of licensed access, in a technology-neutral framework that can be
shared by multiple technologies at each location. PAL users will have reliable access to their allocated channels, with the exception of exclusion zones where the use of
the 3.5 GHz band is reserved to incumbents. GAA users will share the remaining spectrum using mechanisms for fair coexistence.
PALs will mostly drive deployments of public networks, while GAA will encourage the deployment of private networks in the enterprise. OnGo solutions based on CBRS
are designed to address both the needs of networks operators to integrate CBRS into complex wide-area networks, and the needs of enterprises and venue owners for
networks that meet their performance requirements, but are easy to deploy – i.e., by combining the capabilities of LTE with the simplicity of Wi-Fi.
The CBRS spectrum-sharing framework and limited propagation of the 3.5 GHz band at the allowed power levels promote distributed topologies that cover limited
areas and address location-specific connectivity needs (e.g., high traffic density, IoT). CBRS offers an alternative to footprint-wide macro-cell networks and supports
sustainable, scalable business models for indoor small cell deployments funded and owned by enterprises and venue owners, which have so far eluded the US market.
2012 ▪ The US President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology releases a report on spectrum sharing, entitled “Realizing the Full Potential of
Government-Held Spectrum to Spur Economic Growth.”
2013 ▪ President Barack Obama issues a presidential memorandum giving the FCC a mandate to pursue spectrum-sharing opportunities for the 3.5 GHz
band.
2014 ▪ The FCC finalizes a proposal for the creation of CBRS. WInnForum forms a Spectrum Sharing Committee to develop baseline standards.
2016 ▪ The FCC adopts rules for shared commercial use of the 3550–3700 MHz band, with a three-tiered access and authorization framework.
▪ Alphabet/Google, Federated Wireless, Intel, Nokia, Qualcomm and Ruckus Wireless (now CommScope) form the CBRS Alliance.
2017 ▪ The FCC finalizes rules for spectrum sharing in the CBRS band.
2018 ▪ The CBRS Alliance publishes Release 1 of the Network and Coexistence Baseline Specifications, and launches the OnGo brand and certification
program.
▪ WInnForum releases final test code for CBSD protocol testing and approves the first six test labs for CBRS standards compliance.
▪ The FCC and NTIA begin the SAS and ESC certification process, and SAS testing for Amdocs, CommScope, Google, Federated Wireless and Sony.
▪ The FCC announces the establishment of the ICD process and ESC registration process, and SAS administrators submit ICD proposals to the FCC.
▪ The FCC issues the first CBSD certifications to Ericsson, Nokia, Sercomm, and Ruckus Networks, and the first EUD certification to Sierra Wireless.
▪ The CBRS Alliance announces the first OnGo certifications.
▪ The FCC increases PAL license areas to county size and lengthens PAL license terms to 10 years in the 3rd Report & Order.
2019 ▪ WInnForum approves Nokia, CommScope, Federated Wireless, and Google as CPI Training Program Administrators.
▪ NTIA announces completion of lab testing of ESC equipment for select providers.
▪ ESC deployment plans approved by the FCC for CommScope, Federated Wireless, and Google.
▪ The FCC approves of five SAS administrators: Amdocs, CommScope, Google, Sony and Federated Wireless.
▪ CBRS officially launches, with FCC approval of ICDs on September 16, 2020, with initial commercial GAA service available.
▪ Upon completion of ICDs, final SAS certification and full commercial service will start by the end of 2019.
▪ The CBRS Alliance expects to finish Release 3 with 5G support at the end of 2019.
CBRS spectrum
Incumbent users (labeled in red in the figure below) include the military (3550–3700 MHz: coastal locations use 3650–3700 MHz, and terrestrial 3650–3700
MHz), satellite providers (3600–3700 MHz) and WISPs (3650–3700 MHz). Incumbents have unrestricted spectrum access and do not need SAS authorization
to use it. They also are not required to inform the SAS of their use of the spectrum. The SAS collects data on incumbent users from the Environmental Sensing
Capability (ESC) to ensure that their access is protected from interference. WISPs will continue to have incumbent access to the 3650–3700 MHz band under
the terms that are currently in place, without having to modify or replace the equipment they have deployed.
PAL access (yellow) is limited to licensed users in the 3550–3650 MHz portion of the 3.5 GHz band. The FCC is expected to announce a date for the PAL
auction soon. Licenses will be assigned on a county basis (there are 3,200 counties nationwide), will last 10 years and will be renewable. In each market there
will be seven PALs, each assigned a 10 MHz, unpaired, TDD channel. To avoid spectrum hoarding, no license holder can have PALs for more than 4 channels
in the same location. License holders have to meet end-of-term performance requirements (they will lose the license if they do not use the spectrum), but can
partition and disaggregate PALs and transact access in the secondary market. Small businesses, rural WISPs and qualifying tribal lands are eligible for bidding
credits (15-25%).
All other users registered with a SAS can use the spectrum when the SAS determines that the spectrum is not in use by incumbent or PAL users with higher
access priority. Channels throughout the overall band (3550–3700 MHz) are available for GAA (green): access to 70 MHz is shared with PAL users and subject
to availability (PAL users have priority over GAA users), and access to the remaining 80 MHz is reserved to GAA access (but PAL users can also use this part of
the band under the GAA provisions). At any location, GAA users will share the spectrum using network-based coexistence methods (see “GAA and network
coexistence” below).
The CBRS band corresponds to 3GPP Band 48, defined for the US market, and overlaps Band 42 (3400–3600 MHz) and Band 43 (3600–3800 MHz).
3. Devices: EUDs
The device ecosystem for CBRS has started to ramp up.
Because of the combination of public and private networks,
CBRS adoption depends on the availability of mobile devices,
such as smartphones, and of devices that support IoT
applications. These could be modules that can be added to
IoT devices (e.g., sensors or cameras), CBRS devices (e.g.,
push-to-talk phones or CPEs), or devices that extend CBRS
coverage (e.g., hotspots or routers).
FCC-certified devices
company plans to expand its portfolio to include private LTE supporting CBRS
devices supporting CBRS and other dedicated LTE bands.
17 mobile phones by Apple,
Inseego’s MiFi 8000 Mobile Hotspot supports 27 LTE bands, Google, LT, Motorola, OnePlus
including CBRS, and it is available to Sprint subscribers. and Samsung
Ip.access earned an OnGo certification for its E61 nanoLTE small cell, developed for voice, data
and IoT markets. The E61 offers enterprises and operators a choice among an on-premises, a
cloud-based and a hybrid solution. It supports up to 32 users, and bandwidth of 100 Mbps in
the downlink and 10 Mbps in the uplink. Ip.access has partnered with Westell and Druid
Software to market the CBRS solution in the US market. The company has recently announced
an end-to-end CBRS solution that, in addition to the E61 small cell, includes an integrator
module, an IPsec security gateway, a gateway for traffic aggregation, an EPC supporting voice,
push-to-talk and local breakout, a domain proxy gateway to connect to the SAS, and
management tools for CBRS private networks.
JMA’s XRAN virtual baseband and Cell Hub radio product line support CBRS, and they are
targeted at the enterprise, private LTE market. JMA has been working with many partners,
including Cradlepoint and Intel, to deploy CBRS in the new American Dream retail complex in
New Jersey. The network is designed to support services for American Dream and its tenants,
for venue operations and for services targeted at visitors. JMA has also worked with
Connectivity Wireless deploy an indoor CBRS test network at the Angel Stadium in Anaheim,
California, with vendors Motorola, Cradlepoint, Federated and Athonet. The private network
supports retail tracking, point-of-sale and ticketing services, digital displays and secure internal
communications.
Acceleran’s E1012 Category A small cell has received OnGo certification, but the company also
has a Category B CBSD and plans to extend CBRS support to multicarrier products. It has been
working with Athonet and Federated Wireless on a private network trial.
Sercomm has received OnGo certification for outdoor and indoor small cells. It also has an IoT
gateway that uses CBRS for backhaul. The company has conducted trials with Altiostar for FWA
applications.
BLiNQ has received OnGo certification for its FW-300i FWA 3x20 MHz product, which the
company claims is 5G ready. The FW-600 solution also supports CBRS, with M-MIMO and
beamforming, in the FWA market. The strand small cell SC-300S is aimed at the MSO market.
Telrad has announced a CBRS LTE fixed wireless solution as part of its BreezeCOMPACT
product line, targeted at WISPs, MNOs and enterprises. It is integrated with the major SASs
(Federated Wireless, CommScope and Google). In a trial with Midco and Federated Wireless,
Telrad demonstrated 10 Mbps upload and 100 Mbps download speeds over CBRS in a fixed
wireless deployment in underserved markets.
Qucell has OnGo certification for its QO6448B outdoor small cell, which supports carrier
aggregation and 2x2 MIMO, with a small form factor. It supports up to 64 users and is targeted
at the fixed wireless market. The company plans to market the solution in the US in 2020, and it
is working on a 5G CBRS outdoor small cell.
Cambium Networks has added CBRS support in its PMP 450 Platform for point-to-multipoint
fixed wireless solution, which also supports M-MIMO and beamforming. The solution received
FCC certification and is aimed at the WISP, enterprise, utility and local government markets.
Unlike the other vendors, Cambium uses a proprietary access technology instead of LTE (and
for this reason it cannot get OnGo certification, because the program is open exclusively to LTE
equipment). Cambium has partnered with Federated Wireless for SAS integration.
It is not possible to cover all the solutions and all the ecosystem participants –
the CBRS Alliance has over 80 members, and many ecosystem players are not
members because their solutions are complementary to CBRS but not based on
it. This section presents a selection of solutions that illustrate the building blocks
CBRS users may need as they start planning and deploying CBRS.
Core functionality is key for CBRS users. Mobile operators and large service
providers can use their core infrastructure to support CBRS; most other users do
not need to build their own LTE core, which would be a very expensive and
complicated undertaking. Still, depending on the CBRS functionality required,
some core functionality is needed, and solutions are available that reduce the
cost and complexity and provide tools to manage CBRS networks. These are
aimed at the enterprise and other players that do not have and do not need to
acquire deep expertise on the level that mobile operators have.
▪ Druid and Geoverse have worked together on a PLTE network for the 7 Cedars
Casino and Hotel in Sequim, WA, currently under construction. The network
will be used to connect with the guests to provide indoor roaming cellular
coverage for cellular operators, operations (e.g., managing hotel guests and
▪ Syniverse has built an indoor and outdoor, 2000 sq ft, 12 CBSD CBRS network
at its headquarters in Tampa, Florida. Syniverse is working with Affirmed
Networks, Juniper, MultiTech and Cradlepoint to deploy the network, manage
subscribers and devices, and support enterprise and IoT applications.
Syniverse is also testing devices such as Apple’s iPhone 11 and the Samsung
Galaxy Note 10 on the network.
▪ The Kinetic Edge Alliance (KEA), in the US, brings together vendors to
promote and facilitate the adoption of edge infrastructure that complements
CBRS in the RAN. Federated Wireless, Linode, MobiledgeX, Packet, StackPath
and Vapor IO are the founding members. They are collaborating with partners
such as Alef, Detecon, Hitachi Vantara, New Continuum, Pluribus and Seagate
to support CBRS in their solutions. Federated Wireless has integrated its CBRS
controller to work with the Kinetic Edge Alliance to facilitate and accelerate
the availability of edge functionality in private CBRS networks.
▪ NetNumber has leveraged its solutions for mobile operators as the basis for
private LTE solutions that are ideally suited for CBRS PLTE networks –networks
that have up to 15,000 subscribers, often with multiple branches, and need to
support data and voice services as well as IoT applications. NetNumber’s
TITAN core software for PLTE networks includes subscriber and device
management and has edge and cloud components. It can be deployed on-
prem, in a public or private cloud, or in a hybrid environment, in networks that
enterprises, neutral hosts or system integrators operate. This is an example of
how CBRS ecosystem players fine-tune technology and solutions that
traditionally have been available only to large operators, adapting it to smaller
entities – enterprises, public agencies, public venues or smaller service
providers – in a scalable way. The performance, reliability and security are the
same, but the deployment and operational complexity is reduced to match
the different requirements of private networks.
▪ Mobile operator and neutral host Geoverse offers carrier-grade indoor and
outdoor cellular coverage for commercial office buildings and IoT connectivity
for smart-building devices using CBRS. Geoverse gives the enterprise or
network operator the ability to manage SIM-based access within the private
network and across the wide-area network, though roaming agreements with
mobile operators. Geoverse has partnered with RF Connect to streamline the
design, network engineering and deployment of private LTE offerings using
CBRS spectrum in public and private venues and in enterprise verticals. The
company has also partnered with Druid to expand its support for services at
the edge, using Druid’s Raemis software.
Cloud service providers are also showing interest in the CBRS market, as a way to
expand their business, as a new revenue source, and, perhaps even more
important, because it opens new ways to work with the enterprise and strengthen
existing relations.
▪ Amazon, wanting to explore the value CBRS might bring it, has
requested STAs to test CBRS devices and software at multiple
locations. This follows a demonstration through AWS of CBRS used
to support IIoT applications for surveillance, safety and monitoring,
▪ Cisco has only recently joined the CBRS Alliance. It has stayed
remarkably quiet about its CBRS plans and strategy, but CBRS
technology fits very well with many of its solutions aimed at the
enterprise market. Specifically, CBRS may play an attractive
incremental or complementary role in Cisco’s enterprise Wi-Fi
solutions.
Cable operators are likely to deploy CBRS aggressively and to try to grab PALs in trialed CommScope’s SAS and Samsung equipment for FWA.
the markets where they operate. CBRS will strengthen their enterprise offerings by
giving the operators a RAN solution that complements their transport network. ▪ Charter Communications is building a 100-node private network at one of its
Cable operators could work either directly with the enterprise or in partnership with offices in Centennial, Colorado, using CBRS. With it, the company will test CBRS
system integrators, but they have not detailed their plans yet. With CBRS, MSOs spectrum use in supporting an indoor enterprise network. During testing,
may also extend their broadband access business in areas where they do not have employees will use some 500 fixed and mobile devices from different vendors
wireline coverage. And, finally, CBRS can become a central complement to their to connect with the 100 base stations. Charter is using Federated Wireless’s SAS
wireless footprint, which they can integrate with their Wi-Fi networks and the to support the network, and has trialled Ericsson equiment for an FWA CBRS
cellular networks they use as part of their MVNO arrangements. deployment. Charter is also planning to use CBRS to provide its subscribers with
access as part of its mobile offering. This will allow the company to shift its
▪ Verizon has said it will deploy CBRS solutions on small cells that have been MVNO traffic from roaming partners to its own CBRS network, both to reduce
deployed on midband AWS or PCS spectrum, and that it plans to use CBRS GAA costs and to have more control over the service and the subscriber experience.
as part of its MIMO and carrier aggregation solution. Some of the carrier’s small
cells are already equipped to support the CBRS band, and the company is ▪ Comcast, Cox and Mediacom are conducting trials to test the techology and the
selecting other small cells for targeted upgrades. Verizon plans to deploy a use cases it supports. Mediacom is using Samsung equipment.
mixture of indoor and outdoor small cell installations in the CBRS band. It is
▪ Among the WISPs that have announced specific CBRS plans are Midco, Mile
using two SAS administrators, Federated Wireless and Google. Initial trials
High Networks and Xtreme Enterprises. Xtreme is using Ericsson’s Micro Radio
included Corning, Ericsson and Nokia as infrastructure vendors.
2208 CBSD for FWA. WISPA’s Claude Aiken has mentioned Wisper in the rural
▪ AT&T is testing CBRS for fixed wireless applications. The company has also Midwest, PocketiNet in southeastern Washington State, and Micrologic in
proposed to the FCC the creation of a new category of CBSD, called Category C Buckhannon, West Virginia, as WISPs operating in rural areas that are exploring
devices, that would have higher power and allow for operational and technical the use of CBRS to expand their networks. Google has also indicated a
flexibility to use CBRS as a midband anchor for 5G NR applications. AT&T has commitment to promote the use of CBRS for rural access.
9. Takeaways
With commercial availability and availability of certified network equipment and devices, we will see the first deployments beyond initial ICDs in 2020.
Rollouts, however, will happen gradually over the next 3-5 years, as enterprise adoption will be gradual, and PAL licensed will be only issued in mid-
2020.
Initially CBRS will be deployed in enterprises with more stringent connectivity needs, that are more active on IoT applications and are more
technologically savvy.
WISPs, mobile operators and other service providers will deploy CBRS gradually where needed within their footprint, as a complement to their existing
networks.
CBRS unlocks precious midband spectrum that is valuable to many players. Mobile operators and WISPs will deploy CBRS on an as-needed basis, as
part of their market growth strategy.
For cable operators, neutral hosts and other services providers, CBRS is going to have a more strategic impact , and open new business opportunities.
For enterprises and venues, CBRS may be a game changer as it allows them to deploy private 4G and 5G networks for the first time, to use them to
expand the reach of wireless within their premises, and integrate them with their Wi-Fi networks.
While the initial CBRS deployments will use LTE, CBRS will eventually transition to 5G, both because of its performance and cost benefits over 4G and
because the 3.5 GHz band is typically used for 5G in other countries. Use cases will also evolve to benefit from 5G functionality. Initial CBRS applications
are mostly focused on well-understood building and enterprise remote control applications, customer services, surveillance and voice services.
In the future, automation, AR/VR, vehicular applications and, generally, applications that depend on high reliability, mobility and low latency will
become more prominent.
CBRS is part of wider global trend to increase spectrum utilization with spectrum sharing and new types of spectrum allocations, with the goal to
provide spectrum to those who need it and where they needed it – most notably underserved communities and providers serving them, enterprises
and venue owners. Today, these are the players that have the need for localized spectrum – and are willing to invest in deploying networks where they
operate – but cannot afford expensive cellular licensed spectrum that is available only for areas that are much wider than they intend to cover.
In remote areas, enterprises and public venues, CBRS as well as new regulatory frameworks in the UK, Germany and other European and Asi an
countries create a different way to allocate spectrum which has the potential to radically improve connectivity for underserved communities and in-
building environments.
Conversations
CBRS offers enterprises an unprecedented stadiums and malls, to vertical sectors, such as Dave Wright: I’ll just say it upfront: I don’t see
opportunity to deploy private cellular hospitality, healthcare, higher education or lower CBRS in any way as a wholesale replacement for
networks on premises. It is a new proposition education. Wi-Fi. CBRS complements Wi-Fi: it brings some
for enterprises used to managing a relatively new capabilities to bear for an enterprise CIO or
simpler Wi-Fi network or relying on services Then you’ve got the regular carpeted office space, an IT manager who may have issues around
provided by an operator. But many enterprises multi-tenant dwelling units, commercial latency, security, or even reliability.
are still trying to figure out what CBRS can do properties – all those sorts of things. We classify
for them – and how it is different from what all of that under “enterprise,” and each one of We’ve heard issues with people who host wireless
other technologies can do. those sectors really has their own individual services in public venues where people come in
requirements and needs. with smartphones and turn on the Wi-Fi hotspot
In this conversation with Dave Wright, who is on the smartphone. Obviously, that use is
both the President of the CBRS Alliance and To my mind, at a higher level, the value that CBRS uncoordinated with the venue’s unlicensed
the Director of Regulatory Affairs at has to the enterprise is 150 MHz of prime network. All of a sudden, you’ve got an
CommScope, I take off my analyst hat and play mid-band spectrum that’s being made available, interference issue.
the role of someone at an enterprise trying to from 3.55 GHz to 3.7 GHz, utilizing cellular
figure out what CBRS can offer to my technologies. Those sorts of situations don’t occur with CBRS,
organization. because there are no CBSDs, which are CBRS
We have come to market in September of 2019 small cells, that run on mobile devices. Every
with LTE-based solutions that have been tried and CBSD has a fixed location and is registered in with
Monica Paolini: We have talked many times
tested and have all of the performance, range, the spectrum access system or SAS.
about CBRS, and we agree that one of the key
security, and battery characteristics and benefits
markets for CBRS is the enterprise. For a change,
that have been developed for the cellular markets Monica Paolini: What are the use cases for which
let me pretend I am working on wireless
technologies for IT at an enterprise and I would over the last 20 years. I can or should use CBRS?
like you to help me understand how I can use With OnGo solutions in the CBRS band, the Dave Wright: There’s a lot of very clear ones in
CBRS in a private network. What can CBRS do for enterprise is able to tap into those cellular the industrial space, in logistics, and in healthcare.
my enterprise? capabilities to tackle any particular business
connectivity challenges that they are not able to The government is pretty straightforward with
Dave Wright: I’ll start by saying that I find security and liability requirements in the
“enterprise” as a term to be problematic, in the address with unlicensed Wi-Fi solutions today.
healthcare space, and CBRS can easily meet them.
same way that I find the term “vertical” to be Monica Paolini: Should I use CBRS to replace There is also a lot of interest from trading and
problematic, because they’re both just far too Wi-Fi? financial services firms, where latency, reliability,
broad. When we say enterprise, we may mean and security are all very important.
everything from large public venues, such as
CBRS makes available 150 MHz of prime, mid- spectrum, working with an equipment provider Dave: In a private deployment, or in a neutral
band spectrum utilizing cellular technologies – to and a SAS vendor. There was no operator host one?
the enterprise for private uses today and for involvement in some of those examples.
neutral-host applications going forward. Monica: In both, so that I can understand what’s
Monica: You mentioned the EPC and the better for me.
Monica: Should I expect a mobile operator to management. How hard is it to manage my CBRS
come and build a CBRS network for me, or should network if I decide to build and operate my Dave: We think that most of the initial
I build it on my own, like I did with my Wi-Fi network? deployments will be private networks, where your
network? internal communications needs are driving the
Dave: This depends upon your level of deployment. You have a need for your employees
Dave: It is your choice. It depends on what you sophistication and how much you want to get to be connected, or your devices at your facility to
are most comfortable with. You could go to a into administering a cellular system. be connected.
mobile operator or a cable operator, for that
matter. You will see them all offering CBRS If you really don’t have that desire to learn about Now, that could be a smartphone. For internal
managed services to the enterprise markets, what an MME is and how subscription communications, there are many Band 48 devices
along with some of the companies that have management works in an LTE or a 5G network, available now from leading handset
traditionally offered in-building cellular solutions, then you can work with a managed-service manufacturers. You would have to provision a
like DAS systems. provider or use a cloud-hosted management local identity to that smartphone, using either a
platform that most of the OEMs are bringing to physical SIM or an eSIM.
They will be offering managed service solutions to market.
the enterprise as well. If you’d rather outsource it, Monica: Over time, will I be able to let
you will have that option. If you want to do it in That would abstract the complexities of cellular subscribers from the national mobile operators
house, then that is an option as well. network management from you. To you, it’s roam into my network?
simply a matter of installing access points,
That’s one of the beauties of CBRS: anybody can provisioning subscribers, and issuing devices. Dave: That’s a more advanced capability that’s
access the spectrum, certainly at the GAA tier. That’s all you need to know. If you’re an industrial going to evolve over the next few years. When we
And there will be opportunities for those who player who is using CBRS for mission-critical have these private deployments built out in the
need exclusive, protected, access at the PAL tier communications, then you’ll probably want to enterprises, I believe that the mobile operators
to do that, even at the enterprise level. have at least the EPC services on site. And at that will, indeed, want to leverage that for their
point, you’d probably want to develop some subscribers.
Enterprises that want to deploy CBRS in-house expertise with your staff. Fortunately, many of
can work directly with an OEM to procure the What it would involve is essentially the
these industrial companies, and even some larger
equipment. In many cases, equipment suppliers aggregation of those enterprise CBRS footprints
Fortune 50 companies, already possess these
will be bundling in the backend services for the and the development of roaming relationships
types of IT capabilities.
EPC and the SAS, which are both critical enabling with mobile operators. I think we’ll see the
components. Monica: Let’s say that I got a network on emergence of roaming hubs, for lack of a better
premises, either private or public CBRS. Can I term, that would aggregate a large number of
If you have that desire to do it on your own, there expect all my employees that have a CBRS enterprise networks and then present those to the
will certainly be opportunities, and we’ve seen smartphone or other device to be able to connect mobile operators as additional in-building
enterprises doing that. At our launch event on to the network? Is there anything I need to do? coverage for their subscribers.
September 18, 2019, we saw people who are
building out their own LTE networks using CBRS Monica: Let’s say I go into a venue or enterprise
that has a CBRS network and take along my
Pixel 3 that has CBRS. The Pixel has an eSIM that solutions for cellular identity management, such you can rest assured, in those types of situations,
is provisioned by my operator. How can I use the as certificate-based authentication. that the PAL auction will have very little impact.
phone to connect to the local private network?
Do I need a different SIM, or is it the same SIM Monica: Let’s say I have surveillance cameras that If you’re in an urban or suburban area, then it will
that I’ve been using for my mobile account? are currently on my Wi-Fi network, and I am not depend on whether you are operating indoors or
too happy with my Wi-Fi network. I do not want outdoors.
Dave: You could have the physical SIM to throw away my cameras and replace them with
provisioned to the mobile operator network, and one with CBRS. Can I make the same cameras If you’re operating indoors, over time, it’s very
then have an eSIM as your local identity for the connect to my CBRS network? If so, how? likely that you’ll be able to reuse even the
private. spectrum that’s being used outdoors by a PAL
Dave: There’s a number of gateway devices license holder, just based on the building entry
Monica: I would have two SIMs on my phone? available today that can bridge a Wi-Fi link, the losses and propagation characteristics, the power
final leg being a Wi-Fi link, to a CBRS node used levels that we’re going to be operating with on
Dave: Correct. Most of the newer devices support for backhaul. CBRS.
dual SIMs.
We also have Ethernet gateways. There are serial I don’t expect there to be a lot of problems for
Monica: Then, as an enterprise, I have to manage gateways. We don’t expect all of the ultimate indoor operators. But if you tell me you want to
the SIMs on my CBRS network and in the devices end-user devices to have a CBRS capability, either operate in Times Square at the GAA tier outdoor
initially or eventually. A number of the end-user and require wide bandwidth for your application, I
Dave: You would have to provision SIMs for your
clients that are available today for CBRS are, might caution you against that as a long-term
employees’ and other devices on your network.
indeed, gateway devices. Bridging solutions, strategy.
You’d be responsible for provisioning the eSIM
for the identity of the devices that you want to essentially.
Monica: Now, let’s say that my business is in
access your network. Monica: Right now, I can use all of the 150 MHz Seattle. How do I know that it’s not one of the
of CBRS spectrum, because there are no licenses exclusion zones along the coasts?
Monica: How hard is that?
and I am the only user within my enterprise
footprint. What happens when the licensed PAL Dave: There are some exclusion zones that are set
Dave: It’s not overly complex. Again, it’s
users come in? Am I going to lose access to the up around the fixed satellite stations that we have
subscriber management. Large, sophisticated
spectrum? Is there any risk that I will lose my to protect, as well as some of the grandfathered
enterprises deal with subscription identity
investment in the CBRS infrastructure? wireless links reserved for Part 90 operators –
management for their Wi-Fi systems. Typically, it’s
mostly WISPs.
802.1X-based authentication, and they’re using
Dave: For most, the impacts will be minimal. It
either certificates or username/passwords for the We are no longer protecting the coastal areas
will depend on your application and where you’re
identity. It’s analogous in terms of the complexity. with exclusion zones. Those initially proposed
planning to use it. Of the 150 MHz of spectrum,
only 70 MHz can be licensed. Only seven 10 MHz exclusion zones have been converted into
Monica: Do I need a SIM card for IoT devices,
blocks can be sold at auction. And those PAL dynamic protection areas to protect the
too? For instance, do I need a SIM card for
rights will be licensed at the county level. incumbent military radar systems.
security cameras?
If you are in a rural area, or if you’ve got a There are sensors deployed along the coasts.
Dave: It depends on the capability of the end-
business that’s outside the city and outside the When they pick up the signal from one of the
user device. Most of those today still require a
suburbs, it’s unlikely that you will see a military radars, they notify the SASs. The SASs are
physical SIM. Some are going electronic with
tremendous demand for the PAL licenses. I think then responsible for making any necessary
eSIMs. I do believe, over time, we’ll see other
reconfigurations to the radios in the surrounding
coastal areas to ensure that the aggregate have that support CBRS? Can I trust them to properly with all of the CBRS Alliance
interference doesn’t exceed the statutory limits. connect to my network? specifications. That includes things such as
coexistence. This is similar to what we have in
The SASs do that by potentially relocating radios Dave: At this point, the CBRS Alliance has not Wi-Fi: most people don’t think about the IEEE
from one frequency range to another, so that the done any device-level certification. We’re standards that their Wi-Fi devices support, but
military radars are always protected. The SAS certifying infrastructure equipment at the CBRS they look to see if they’ve got a Wi-Fi Alliance
administrators would certainly be able to tell you, Alliance. We’ve got OnGo certification for certification.
if you say, “I’ve got a facility at this address in infrastructure equipment.
Seattle,” then they will let you know, “Yes, you’re Wi-Fi Alliance just launched Wi-Fi 6 certification
within a DPA neighborhood” – this is what it’s For end user devices, you can go to the CBRS last week. That ensures that devices are
called. website, cbrsalliance.org. If you go under interoperable with one another. That’s what we’re
certification, you’ll find a list of certified client going for with our OnGo certification, as well. As
That means that your operations are potentially devices. That’s based on the FCC Part 96 an end user, you will know that OnGo-certified
liable to be relocated in frequency, based on authorizations, Part 96 is the section of the US infrastructure will work with the SASs throughout
incumbent activity from military users. federal code that deals with CBRS. the market, and with other components.
Monica: If I have a warehouse in Seattle that is You’ll find the devices that have been certified for Monica: If I have my private network, what should
not close to the water, and 3.5 GHz doesn’t go Part 96 operation by the FCC. As you said, it I do to get the SAS to tell me which spectrum
that far, I should be OK, even if I’m within one of includes a number of devices, including the Pixel. channels I can use? Do I need to call up a SAS and
those areas, right? There are a number of smartphones and IoT ask them how to set up an account?
modules, CPE devices and enterprise gateways. At
Dave: Correct. That’s what I was saying. It’s not our launch event last week, we had 46 devices on Dave: Well, I think you could. There are five
bad at all. You will still get a frequency display. companies that received the FCC’s authorization
assignment. to operate as SASs for initial commercial service.
Monica: If the FCC is already certifying the CommScope, Amdocs, Google, Federated, and
The whole premise that we started from was that equipment, why did the CBRS Alliance decide to Sony are the five companies. As soon as you start
the use of the military radar systems is relatively develop the OnGo certification for CBSDs? looking into CBRS solutions, whether that’s in
light. They don’t use the spectrum all of the time.
conversations with an operator or a managed-
When it’s in use, it’s in a relatively narrow band. If Dave: There are not a lot of bells and whistles
service provider, an equipment provider or
you’re at your warehouse, and you’ve got a that CBRS introduces for the end-user devices,
supplier, or an integration partner, in many cases
20 MHz spectrum grant, and then, tomorrow, the and this is an advantage. A CBRS client device is a
the SAS service is part of the solution. You don’t
military shows up and starts operating in that traditional LTE or 5G NR client. The FCC
frequency range, the SASs will be informed of that certification for CBRS end-user devices is very have to worry about it.
by the sensor network. similar to its certification for the rest of LTE or 5G Monica: How do I pay for the SAS service?
devices.
The SASs will then reassign you to a different Dave: That’s going to depend on who you are
20 MHz spectrum, or perhaps put you into What the FCC is testing on the client is whether it working with. For an enterprise, the SAS
10 MHz of spectrum for the period that that conforms to the power levels and the emissions subscription is in most cases part of the managed
military radar is active. It’s not as if you have to masks. Those are the big things that the FCC is service provided by an operator or an equipment
stop transmitting altogether. looking for. supplier.
Monica: I have another question on user devices. For OnGo certification on the infrastructure
How do I know which devices that my employees equipment, we are ensuring that it interoperates
That subscription will include the cellular Monica: It’s basically somewhat similar to what install those. But more and more, the trend is to
management system. That is the EPC services or you do when you get the Wi-Fi modem from the go with a cloud-hosted management platform for
the core services, but it would also include the cable operator. Of course, the functionality is your Wi-Fi access points, especially for people
SAS service. Again, the actual end user, the different, but it’s a similar conceptual model. You who want to outsource the complexity. You buy
enterprise IT manager, doesn’t have to worry pay a little bit more, and then you don’t have to the access point, plug it in, and then there’s a web
about that relationship with the SAS provider. worry about managing your Wi-Fi access point. portal where you manage it all. With CBRS, it is
That’s being handled by their service provider, the same thing, but for cellular.
operator, host, or the equipment vendor. Dave: Right. With enterprise Wi-Fi, there are
people who still get physical controllers and
For his “day job”, Dave leads CommScope’s policy and standards initiatives, ensuring the intersection of CommScope technology
and product innovations with suitable regulatory environments and technical specifications. Dave is a champion of Open Spectrum,
including both unlicensed and coordinated sharing regimes, while acknowledging the vital role that all spectrum management
regimes play in our increasingly wireless world. Dave is a Cisco Certified Internetworking Expert (CCIE) Emeritus (#2062) as well as a
Certified Wireless Network Administrator (CWNA).
With the OnGo commercial launch on That’s mainly due to industrial interest is the That’s why private LTE is taking a lot of focus right
September 18, 2019, CBRS will go live in characteristics of LTE. And in quite a few of the now. If you need mobile devices, you can buy
enterprises. In many cases the deployments use cases, the IoT vendors have a really tight them as part of the business case to build out the
will be for in-building small cells and will turning radius and can add the Band 48 CBRS private LTE infrastructure. If you are in a
support both enterprise-based services and IoT radio to their boxes fairly quickly. corporate, carpeted-floor enterprise, you really
applications, as well as employee and guest can’t mandate BYOD employees to go spend their
access. I had a conversation with Art King, in We’re also seeing gateway devices developed that money to buy a new cellphone.
the In-Building Networks Group at Corning, have a radio on them and an Ethernet port, so a
about how CBRS fits in the enterprise, how it lot of the legacy devices the industry has invested Monica: How do you see the balance between
complements public cellular and Wi-Fi in for their wired infrastructure can be brought private LTE and public infrastructure? Why are we
networks, and how business models are into this environment fairly easily. talking about private LTE? Why can’t mobile
evolving to meet the needs of the wireless operators go and build the infrastructure for the
Monica: Let’s get to the network in a minute, but enterprise?
enterprise. let me ask you a question about the devices. As
Monica Paolini: Art, can you give us some you say, it’s pretty easy to add a CBRS chip to Art: There are three major use cases for CBRS.
background on Corning’s work on CBRS? your devices. This is an important issue, because
oftentimes, I get the question of, we might have a There is private LTE, which is essentially a closed
Art King: I’m part of the Corning in-building network, but do we have devices? network with its own EPC. There are private SIMs
technologies group. I came to Corning via the that really don’t touch the outside world. And
SpiderCloud Wireless acquisition. We were Can the enterprise upgrade what it currently has? there is the public spectrum.
acquired in 2017 as part of Corning’s search to Do we need new devices? How do you see that
developing? Is that going to slow down CBRS? If you’re a mobile operator and you want to use
have a signal source to be a companion to their CBRS as secondary spectrum indoors or for fixed
DAS technology. We provide an end-to-end Art: In the enterprise world, you tend to have a wireless, you don’t have to worry about macro
solution package for the industry, both in CBRS device turnover rate of about 3% per month. It effects, like co-channel interference and macro-
and licensed spectrum. takes a good 18 months before you’ve turned domination, when you’re doing engineering work
In CBRS, we now ship a platform that specifically over even half of your devices. and are worried about signal leaking from the
targets the indoor market. We’re seeing quite a building. There, operators can use CBRS as
With CBRS, you must have a device that has the secondary spectrum.
few trial sites up and running, and various radio included in it. If the device doesn’t have a
prototypes. A lot of the prototype activity is radio, it won’t be able to access CBRS. This is the Finally, there’s the enterprise implementation,
happening in the industrial space, and within IoT reality of where things are today for the generic which is very promising: the neutral-host version.
specifically. In theory, every mobile device that comes into the
enterprise.
certain places you need a strong RF signal to build the end-to-end solution for CBRS. What is infrastructure and operate it themselves as they
dominate the macro. special about your approach to CBRS? do with Wi-Fi today.
It would be great if you could hand off to a piece Art: We’ve built a low-cost indoor system that With private LTE, operators can provide the back
of spectrum that is still on the operator’s network, builds on the expertise we have with our system end, the SIM management, the KPIs and a support
but unused by the macro, when you enter the being approved by three of the four major desk, and they can leverage all their installed
building, and CBRS allows you to do that. operators. infrastructure to provide new revenue.
You could end up providing service to a lot more For us to do CBRS, we needed to build another We’ve done work with MOCN so that you can
buildings at a lower price if you were bringing in LTE radio, which we know how to do, and add in advertise both a private LTE network and the
CBRS as secondary spectrum for an operator, the SAS code for the proxy CBSD to request operator’s public network inside the building. You
versus attempting to run co-channel with the spectrum from the SAS infrastructure. It wasn’t get a twofer, where you can layer on private
macro and needing to provide the power levels inventing something new for us. infrastructure that is adjacent to and has the same
necessary to dominate the macro. coverage as the public network.
More importantly, because our LTE infrastructure
Monica: Will operators pay for it? Or will they is approved for connection to the operator That opens up new ways to provide more value-
have the enterprise venue owners lower the cost networks, operators have tested CBRS with us added services, on top of the same infrastructure
and then share the infrastructure or use the quickly and easily. investment.
infrastructure?
Our solution also has the potential, via MOCN, to Monica: What does the future of CBRS look like?
Art: That remains to be seen. We have seen open up a market for the operator community to
pressure on mobile operators to divert capital provide CBRS for private LTE and leverage all their Art: There many exciting things happening
away from LTE and enterprise towards 5G. backend services, and use public LTE as an around CBRS and bringing the 5G waveform onto
extension of the existing network infrastructure it. That’s the next frontier for the CBRS Alliance.
A low-cost LTE solution to be provided and on the public side. 5G will come into the private infrastructure via
procured by the enterprise is attractive to the shared spectrum, in addition to regular licensed
enterprise IT folks that value LTE and want to Monica: There is a lot of continuity there from a spectrum.
satisfy their employees’ indoor signal needs. product point of view, but CBRS in private
networks adds new use cases. The combination of 5G and edge computing
There’s a swing towards enterprise funding on brings an unprecedented potential access to
licensed-spectrum systems because the capital Art: Cellular is like a foreign land for the enterprise infrastructure and could bring game-
within the operator community has moved to 5G. enterprise, as I learned while I was at SpiderCloud. changing investments within the enterprise itself.
The way cellular is discussed on the enterprise
If you have an interior investment inside your side is that “it is Wi-Fi with an insane $50 a month Ten years ago, private data centers in the
building and you’re not a really large customer charge – why would you want to pay for that?” enterprise were special beasts. Cloud computing
that can get operator attention and get it done, turned it all upside down and changed
you end up seeking a low-cost solution to solve On the cellular side, there is a complex, globe- everything.
your problem yourself – a solution that’s been spanning machine that allows me to turn on my
sanctioned by the operator and approved for phone in every country in the world. It works, and We think cloud computing‘s disruption of
connection to their network. I drive in my car and carry calls. enterprise data centers can be repeated in
enterprise communications, with the potential of
Monica: Let’s talk a little bit about what you guys Enterprises do not understand cellular. That private infrastructure and cellular being brought
at Corning do. You do have all the experience to means that they probably can’t build the cellular
inside and treated at parity with the rest of the think is going to happen and we want to be part operator – I don’t trust their competence to not
infrastructure. of that. down my network all the time with routing
problems.”
Things such as PBXs, private chat and video are Monica: This type of private cellular network
being disrupted. It could all be on public services gives enterprises the capability to expand what Five years later, MPLS had mostly replaced frame
built on top of the phone, because cellular scales they are doing without having to build it on their relay, because the economics made sense. We will
to 130 million to 140 million people. You’ve got own infrastructure. It offers a common ground see the same kind of embrace of cellular mobility
people building for 50,000 employees in an that is cost effective and revenue generating for that enterprise folks are holding at arm’s length
enterprise. both enterprise and operators. right now.
A lot of enterprise architects think: “How do I Art: A few years back, on the enterprise side, The next generation of IT leaders is already
throw a lot of my communications infrastructure frame relay was the network technology of choice looking at the old technology and asking: “Why
overboard and fully embrace cellular natively? for private networks. You saw network architects are we still doing this? Why can’t we throw it
How do I throw the legacy technology overboard saying: “Oh, MPLS will never happen. I’m not overboard?” It’s going to be fun times.
and embrace mobile?” That is a wave that we going to exchange IP routing tables with an
About Corning
Corning is one of the world’s leading innovators in materials science, with a 168-year track record of life-changing
inventions. Corning applies its unparalleled expertise in glass science, ceramics science, and optical physics, along with its
deep manufacturing and engineering capabilities, to develop category-defining products that transform industries and
enhance people’s lives. Corning succeeds through sustained investment in RD&E, a unique combination of material and
process innovation, and deep, trust-based relationships with customers who are global leaders in their industries.
NetNumber | CBRS makes it easier for the enterprise to deploy private LTE
networks
A conversation between Catherine Melquist, Senior Director of Global Channel Partner Development,
NetNumber, and Monica Paolini, Principal, Senza Fili
CBRS makes private LTE networks more Our mission is to facilitate the changing future of Monica: For you, as well as for most players in
attractive and manageable to the enterprise. telecommunications networks by reducing the wireless industry, the focus on private
With the adoption of IoT and a more pervasive latency, simplifying the signaling core, and networks, rather than on public service to
reliance on wireless connectivity, the helping clients to take full advantage of cloud- individual subscribers, is a new thing.
performance, reliability and security needs of native platforms.
the enterprise grow. Private LTE networks can CBRS is going to be part of the growing private
meet the new enterprise requirements, but Our platform, which we call ALL-G, helps LTE market. What do you do in this area, in the
they have to do so while keeping complexity operators transition their networks from 2G all the context of private networks?
down. way through to 5G. Then on top of that, we’ve
repurposed this platform for use as the Catherine: We provide the core network
In this conversation with Catherine Melquist, foundational core network software used in software. Ours is ideally suited for deployments
Senior Director of Global Channel Partner today’s private networks. with 15K (human and device) endpoints or less,
Development at NetNumber and President of and it enables enterprise operators to efficiently
the Mobile Satellite Users Association, we My role at NetNumber is to team with system manage the provisioning, configuration, and
talked about how CBRS private networks can integrator and ecosystem partners by giving them monitoring of endpoints while enabling their
reduce the complexity of public cellular tools and information that we can together use to specific applications, such as IoT data, video, voice
networks without compromising the develop the private network market. Private and other services. It is a lighter version of the
performance. networks are one of the telecom industry’s most carrier-grade 3GPP-compliant software we use
important growth segments, with analysts with our operator clients. We have downscaled it,
Monica Paolini: Catherine, before we get into estimating it to be an $11 billion industry in the especially for the needs of the enterprise market
CBRS, can you tell us what you do at NetNumber? next five years. and system integrators designing the
deployments.
Catherine Melquist: NetNumber is a 20-year-old Spectrum is not a part of what we do. However,
company, headquartered outside of Boston in our distribution partners look to us for guidance The feedback we’ve been getting from our
Lowell, Massachusetts. We have a unique software on spectrum options that are available for private partners is that our subscriber-management and
platform called TITAN. It enables network networks and compatible with our software. CBRS other software products are carrier-grade but not
transformations that dramatically reduce capex, and the new OnGo service align well with our carrier-complex. Meaning they’re high-
opex and time to market for network operators. software and is an ideal spectrum option for performance but easy to use. We’re actively
many types of private networks. working now on several proofs of concept and
from development to deployment. Security is a interoperability and implementation throughout a NetNumber also offers training programs and
critical component of any end-to-end ecosystem solution. professional services for system integrators
deployment. At NetNumber, we are intensely designing private networks and for managed
vigilant about our security discipline, and equally Monica: What does NetNumber do within the service personnel that support them. At
requiring of our ecosystem partners by CBRS value chain? NetNumber, we believe that our systems of
demanding the same level of diligence. support are equal in importance to our network
Catherine: Within the CBRS value chain, we
software. Our goal is to make private networks
Monica: How do you think CBRS is going to provide a PLTE foundational network core and
rely on our distribution partners, most of which easy to deploy and manage.
change private networks in the US?
are system integrators, to develop and deploy the Monica: Is scaling an issue? Some enterprises are
Catherine: We believe CBRS will be a real catalyst private network solutions. Enterprises can then big, most are small. Does your solution work for
for spurring growth in the private network market. operate and manage the network, or leave it to a all of them?
The CBRS Alliance is doing a steady job building third party to serve that function.
awareness for the newly available OnGo Catherine: Our TITAN network software does
technology and what it means to providers and Private network deployments can take the form of scale up and is used to manage the networks of
enterprise customers alike. portable, mobile, fixed and temporary solutions, some of the largest tier-one carriers in the world.
depending on the use case. Our software can be For private networks, however, our software stack
There seems to be much interest in this new form foundational to any of these solutions. Inherent in has been adapted specially for the size and
of connectivity both inside the United States and our capability is a centralized subscriber database simplicity of private network deployments.
beyond. The UK has already signaled that it, too, enabling easy management of both users and
will be making available a comparable system for devices. We’ve streamlined the capability of the software
sharing spectrum. We are very optimistic about so that it makes sense for virtually any vertical
the role CBRS will play in the future of data- Additionally, our software has a master edge market enterprise application. There are some
optimized, secure networking. It’s also a terrific architecture enabling interconnectivity between differences, too, in the ecosystem components
example of a public-private partnership. multiple edge nodes or networks and an even that you would use for a private network. With
more robust system of centralized subscriber CBRS, for example, specific types of radios are
Monica: CBRS is going to accelerate private management. needed to ensure connectivity with the SAS,
networks in the US, and this will also help other which is elemental to how CBRS works.
markets, even though the regulatory frameworks Monica: How is that different from the solutions
will be different. you have for a public network for carriers, in Monica: Today, CBRS is based on LTE, but 5G is
terms of complexity, functionality and coming along. How do you see the transition
In the CBRS ecosystem, there are a lot of different performance? Does the enterprise need to deploy from LTE to 5G in CBRS, and how are you
players that have to work together to ensure and control its own network? managing it at NetNumber?
interoperability – and that’s a non-negotiable
requirement for enterprises. How is the ecosystem Catherine: Carrier deployments can be more Catherine: One of the great attributes of CBRS
collaborating to make sure interoperability is real? sophisticated than enterprise, but that’s due to and OnGo is that the system has been designed
their large, million-plus subscriber scale. Nearly all to be compatible with 5G. Meaning all private
Catherine: For us, what’s important is quality the same functionality exists for smaller enterprise networks deployed today will be able to take full
throughout the entire ecosystem. We don’t do deployments, but the core software has been advantage of the accelerated speed and low
end-to-end deployments, but we are heavily adapted for a smaller user set of people and latency of 5G.
involved in testing our software with our devices.
ecosystem partners to ensure smooth
NetNumber is equally 5G focused. We have a continue at an even faster rate. We’re ready for Catherine: I think that’s exactly right. Again,
highly disciplined, agile-based development that, too! legacy components are always a part of any
program for TITAN. We are doing the enterprise network. Enterprises have to deal with
development work now so that we can help our And we will continue to support legacy network many factors when it comes to network
customers transform their networks to 5G when elements that will coexist with 5G. In the end, it’s management and evolution. How enterprises will
they are ready, and that includes private all about fulfilling the evolving needs of use cases move ahead will be unique to each one of them.
networks. and user-experience expectations for private NetNumber has the software, tools and
networks and the new OnGo spectrum. This is experience to help customers and channel
At the same time, NetNumber supports 2G, 3G core to TITAN and the future of NetNumber partners undertake these transformations,
and 4G legacy technologies, and our focus is business. including the deployment of private networks and
making sure our core network software is the use of CBRS’s new OnGo spectrum.
optimized for each private network deployment. Monica: How fast do you think the transition to
5G is going to be in the enterprise? As long as
As operators continue their 5G rollouts, we expect enterprises have the tools they need, they can set
the introduction of technology innovations to their own pace, with different enterprises setting
their own timelines.
About NetNumber
NetNumber brings nearly 20 years of experience delivering platforms that power global telecom and enterprise networks.
Our software-based signaling-control solutions accelerate delivery of new services like Private LTE and IoT/M2M solutions
across multi-gen networks, dramatically simplifying the core and reducing opex. These solutions span a range of network
types from 2G-3G-4G-5G to future G delivered on the industry’s first All-G signaling platform called TITAN. NetNumber
Data Services are essential for global inter-carrier routing, roaming, voice and messaging. Data powers fraud detection and
prevention solutions and enables enterprise B2B and B2C communications platforms. NetNumber multi-protocol signaling
firewall, fraud-detection, and robocalling solutions secure networks against current/emerging threats.
As CBRS is ready to take off, the market needs program. Radisys has been working behind the But before we get to the OnGo certification, what
equipment that is interoperable, performs as scenes on certification. is your view on the impact of CBRS in the US
expected and complies with the specifications. market?
This is especially important as a large number With OnGo, we have put together the automation
of users – mobile operators, WISPs, framework and the domain proxy, creating Neeraj: The CBRS shared spectrum – 3.5 to
enterprises, venue owners, neutral hosts – will effectively the engine to test CBSDs, the CBRS 3.7 GHz – is locked-up liquid gold in waiting. Now
deploy CBRS and share spectrum resources. devices, both type A and type B. that that spectrum is available, you see a lot of
The CBRS Alliance OnGo certification ensures new entrants.
Radisys is also involved in the CBRS devices. Our
that users can install CBRS equipment without
customers are putting these devices together, and You always have the incumbent service providers,
having to worry about interoperability,
they are powered by our MobilityEngine™ but you’re getting a lot of new entrants, folks that
coexistence and performance. Neeraj Patel, VP
portfolio of protocol stacks for LTE. you didn’t associate with providing wireless
and GM, Software and Services at Radisys, and
service, jumping into the fray.
Monica Paolini discuss why the ecosystem We also help our customers with the
needs OnGo certified products and the role implementation of the SAS agent, and the For example, you have the cable operators
that Radisys plays in the certification program. certification with the OnGo platform. In some coming in. You have new MVNOs. You have OTT
cases, we are also providing the EPC. players who are jumping in, saying: “Hey, we can
Monica Paolini: Neeraj, can you tell us what
provide this as a service.” It is completely breaking
Radisys is doing in the CBRS OnGo space? Cloudified enters into the SAS server, so it has down the barriers, especially in private enterprise
multiple touchpoints. networks and in applications such as mining or
Neeraj Patel: It’s incredibly exciting times for the
entire CBRS community with the OnGo venues such as stadiums. Tower companies are
We are extremely excited to see our customers
commercial launch. We have been involved with playing a very active role within the CBRS Alliance.
rolling out CBRS soon.
CBRS for a few years now, and it’s been a long At last count, there are more than 200 companies
and fun journey. Many of our customers and Monica: Compared to other technologies, where that are part of the CBRS Alliance. This shows how
partners in the 3.5 GHz shared-spectrum space, commercial deployments start gradually, with wide is the reach of CBRS. Before, it would have
are opening up new avenues in terms of use cases CBRS we’ve been waiting for some time, but now been really expensive to get a signal, and now
and deployment models. everything is ready to go. It’s a great feeling to they can use this shared spectrum.
finally move beyond trials. The certification is
At Radisys, we are involved with the WInnForum, There are devices that support CBRS as well, with
going to be an important part of it.
and through that we became involved with the the most recent being the iPhone 11 and 11 Pro.
CBRS Alliance and with the OnGo certification There are 11 or 12 different devices that are
already supporting Band 48, and this is critical,
taken the lead here, working with the CBRS For the user, CBRS as a service is transparent. It developed for the device that talks to the access
Alliance on OnGo certification. should be as seamless as using my femto server point to get certified.
or cell phone booster at home. I’m not worried
We are fueling and writing the test cases on about whether my phone will connect to the The third level of certification is between the
behalf of OnGo. Every vendor who comes in must network. All of the interoperability has been taken actual CBSD device and the SAS server.
go through a rigorous set of compliance checks, care of before I connect to that small-cell device
with the FCC first, and second, with the OnGo There are multiple stages of certification, and they
at home.
certification program, to ensure that they can include interoperability testing, validation and
work against this automated test platform that In the same manner, if I’m a private enterprise integration. Radisys plays a critical role in how the
has been created. The testing process is such as Disneyland, and I have deployed 3.5 GHz, CBSD devices are coming onto the network.
automated, and this makes it faster and easier. I should be able to connect to it in the same
Most CBSD device vendors have been doing small
completely seamless fashion.
With the OnGo certification, we can ensure that cells for 4G/LTE to date. With the CBRS radio, they
each and every device can provide this service All the magic that happens is seamless to you and must support Band 48 and have a SAS agent
before it gets into the market. me as users, in terms of the signal going from integrated. They’ve done the interop testing
your device to the CBSD – the access point – and validation with the SAS server, and they now have
I think that this two-pronged approach that from the CBSD to the SAS server, so that you can a CBSD device.
includes the FCC and the OnGo certification actually get the permission to start operating in
program ensures that we provide a reliable There are going to be a lot of players. From the
the CBRS band.
service to the users. Wi-Fi space, players are coming in, saying: “Hey, I
Monica: There are specifications from the CBRS have a Wi-Fi box. Now, I want to add cellular
Users will benefit from the same level of Alliance that are used for the testing, correct? capability to it. I don’t have the money to buy
compliance and quality of service, the same licensed spectrum,” or, “I don’t have access to
features, and the same experience that they How does the testing work? You mentioned licensed spectrum.”
would have on a public LTE or 5G network. automation. What are the benefits that
automation gives you? Using the shared spectrum that CBRS has opened
Monica: Let me ask you a question to clarify. up in the 3.5 GHz band, companies are able to
When somebody goes and buys their iPhone with Neeraj: We have created a test framework, based now offer an LTE experience along with the Wi-Fi
CBRS, do they need to worry about the on the specifications of the CBRS Alliance and experience.
certification? OnGo. This is an automated framework with
hundreds of test cases. We’ll add additional test They must go through different levels of
Neeraj: They don’t need to, because if they are cases to it as they become available. certification for Band 48, and that’s where OnGo
buying one, that device has already been certified. certification fits in.
The iPhone, for example, has been certified by the Radisys enables the test cases but does not
FCC to operate in Band 48. certify: we are not the certification house. That is Monica: Certification will make it easier for
OnGo. I just wanted to clarify that. enterprises – especially small ones – to deploy
When they connect up to a CBSD device, that OnGo. It is going to be very clear to them that
CBSD device will only work once it has gone We work behind OnGo to help the Alliance write this is a product that’s certified and that they can
through OnGo certification to ensure that it is new test cases and support them as they are use it with any SAS.
compliant with all the specifications of the CBRS introduced. We are writing pretty much all of the
Alliance. test cases for CBSD class A or class B devices. Do the fixed CPEs need to be certified, when for
There is an additional certification that OnGo has example you have WISPs with a network that
connects to fixed CPEs?
On the network side, we work with the EPC CBRS at present. And there’s room for additional you associate with, but then, when you start
players, or we work with the access point guys entrants to come in. reading this, and you connect all the dots, you
who also want to bring in an EPC. just look at the opportunity. It is tremendous.
What the whole industry now wants is to create
Then we also work with the SAS server players. the real proof points, where we now have multiple Monica: There are many underserved niches with
We work across the board, with multiples of these CBRS clouds and deployments that are out there. a potential that CBRS can unlock.
ecosystem players who happen to be our We are definitely seeing interest from the new
customers. entrants. Neeraj: At the end of the day, it’s all about
economics. You’re getting the benefits of licensed
Monica: Because of the breadth of your work, Besides the cable guys or the WISPs, we are also spectrum without the economic burden of
you are seeing different CBRS business models. seeing the OTT players. They are jumping in with licensed spectrum, the auction. We all know how
CBRS enables different business models, and this service. It’s the use cases such as private much spectrum costs.
vendors and service providers can take different networks, neutral host and large venues, such as
roles within the value chain. stadiums, that are driving CBRS forward. This is not just to say: “Hey, I have some
spectrum, and let’s just start radiating, and we can
In closing, how do you see the market These use cases are not presently well-served by get up a service.” There’s a right level of
developing? There are so many possibilities. Do the incumbent operators. These new players also regulatory compliance. There’s a right level of
you see one direction that is going to be have specific domain experts for enterprise checks and balances to ensure a high quality of
dominant? customers. service and a seamless service. There is a
framework to allow for roaming from a CBRS
Neeraj: The hardest part in all our jobs is to This is where a lot of the innovation is happening. network into a public network. CBRS is becoming
crystal ball it. You know this better than me. We Many PGA golf courses are going CBRS. more and more an integral part of the overall
definitely feel there’s a healthy ecosystem for Disneyland has said that it will go CBRS, for wireless landscape of the future in the US.
example. It’s not the first set of customers that
About Radisys
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Sequans | OnGo modules accelerate and widen CBRS support in IoT devices
A conversation between Mickael Batariere, Broadband Product Line Manager, Sequans Communications and
Monica Paolini, Principal, Senza Fili
CBRS is a key technology for IoT applications supporting CBRS. We are very pleased to Mickael: Until recently the availability of CBRS
in the US, especially in the enterprise, where it contribute to the OnGo launch with the recent modules that are optimized for the enterprise and
supports private LTE networks. As CBRS release of our CBRS modules. IoT market have been very limited. In June 2019,
commercial deployments start, the availability we launched two modules, the CB410 and CB610,
of OnGo devices is crucial for the success of Monica: You're a chipset company. Why did you that are optimized for the IoT market on CBRS.
IoT applications. The market needs a wide decide to develop a module specifically for CBRS?
range of devices – new and existing ones – to Monica: What is the difference between the two
Mickael: The module enables the customer to modules?
support different use cases. In this integrate CBRS connectivity into their products
conversation with Mickael Batariere, CBRS and
very easily. Mickael: The data rates that you can achieve. One
Broadband Product Line Manager, Sequans is Cat 4 and the other Cat 6. Each module is cost
Communications, we talked about how OnGo It's very small, very easy to integrate. Any product
modules quickly and cost-effectively bring to can be connected to a CBRS network when the
market devices that can connect to the new vendor adds the CBRS module.
CBRS networks.
Monica: How big is it?
Monica Paolini: Can you tell us what Sequans
does, and what your role at the company is? Mickael: It is very small, a 29x32 mm LCC
package. I will show you [see photo].
Mickael Batariere: Sequans is a chipset company,
and a leading provider of LTE chips and module Monica: A module can support many IoT
solutions for broadband and Internet of things. At applications. What role do you expect the
Sequans, I am the product manager of the module to play within the CBRS
broadband product portfolio, and in particular, ecosystem?
the CBRS product line.
Mickael: The module connects the device
Monica: Sequans has been working on IoT for a to the network. It allows the device to
long time. CBRS is really nothing new, but can you transfer all the assets, all the information to
tell us a little bit about what you're doing the network.
specifically within the CBRS space at Sequans?
Monica: Is it going to be cost effective?
Mickael: Sequans' broadband products have What business models can a CBRS module
been supporting 3.5 GHz deployments worldwide support?
for over a decade now. And naturally, we’re
Monica: What will the deployment roadmap for Last year, we announced a strategic investment in Monica: This gives the enterprise, and your
CBRS be? Today, we have LTE. In the coming the company’s 5G program. customers, a clear evolution path. They don't have
years, how will 5G fit into this picture? to start from scratch. They don't have to throw
Monica: Is it going to be possible for the everything away and start all over.
Mickael: In CBRS, LTE is first step toward 5G. enterprise to upgrade their CBRS modules from
LTE to 5G? Mickael: Yes, exactly. It's compatible. The new
Right now, we have launched our CBRS module,
but Sequans has also been working on 5G for solution will be both 5G and be 4G backward
Mickael: Yes, they will be able to with the new compatible for existing LTE-based products.
several years. In the roadmap, we have a 5G version of our module. Today, CBRS is based on
solution for 2021 that will address the broadband LTE technology, but the next versions of the
business, and also the new markets that 5G will modules will be based on 5G.
open.
CBRS gives the enterprise the opportunity to year, we realized all this really started coming Caroline: I don’t get bored.
move beyond Wi-Fi and increase the depth together.
and width of their wireless infrastructure. Monica: What you said relates very well to CBRS.
CBRS brings spectrum and a broad ecosystem We now have a situation in which the network There is a great opportunity for CBRS to succeed
to build private LTE and 5G networks. But for resembles the cloud. That becomes a fertile in the enterprise, but CBRS is an access solution.
CBRS to succeed, the ecosystem has to ground to incubate new businesses that use IoT, But the enterprise needs more than just access as
develop solutions that meet the enterprise’s AI, or blockchain. I have a current project on it deploys private networks. It needs to run
needs, culture, and expectations. And the first blockchain and private networks in the enterprise. services and applications.
step to achieve that is to listen to enterprise.
For a long time, we have been talking about how Lately I have been talking a lot with companies
I talked to Caroline Chan, VP and General 5G has to go beyond mobile broadband. That’s that use edge computing and AI to help
Manager in the Network Business Incubator the traditional 4G-plus-one concept. We need to enterprises roll out the networks they need. You
Division at Intel, about how we can learn more move ahead because of things like URLLC and the need all of those ingredients to get the enterprise
from the enterprise and how this can help the new scheduling algorithms that we put into 5G. on board with CBRS. You talk to many enterprises;
ecosystem fine tune how to work with the We can bring the network to new areas in which, what do you hear from them?
enterprise. traditionally, operators don’t play a very
prominent role. Caroline: Monica, you’re absolutely right. I
Monica Paolini: CBRS is now commercial in the typically talk to the CIOs and, for them, access is
US. There is a lot excitement. Finally, we can move That’s what Intel realized. We need to take a really a tool. It’s a mechanism. Their angle is
beyond trials and start on real deployments. Intel broader view of what a network does. I started about improving business results. It’s about
has been very active on this front. Caroline, it is heading a new team, the Network Business bringing business intelligence, and this is another
great to catch up with you to talk about the latest Incubator Division (NBID). We’re going to new word for artificial intelligence.
developments that you see in this area. frontiers, breaking into new markets and working
through a broad ecosystem. It’s a very interesting What they want to find out is: “How do I improve
But first of all, Caroline, your role at Intel has role that I’ve had for about eight months. Every my operations’ efficiency? How do I reach a
recently changed. Can you give us an update? day brings a new NBID engagement to us. bigger audience? How do I solidify my current
customer base?”
Caroline Chan: For the last few years, I’ve been Monica: I’m sure you’re not going to get bored at
focusing on driving a cloud-native network, with a all. A couple weeks ago, I was in London for a retail
virtualized RAN edge compute. Finally, late last tech week, with our Vice President of Retail
For instance, as a Cowboys fan, I like to listen to a How do you see CBRS relating to private telling us, understand what they need, and
Cowboys-focused commentator rather than a enterprise networks in other countries? internalize that this is what we need to provide.
generic NFL commentator. This makes my fan
experience very personalized. I’m giving you a Caroline: Just last week I was in China attending I have spent many years in wireless. We just used
very rudimentary example. If you have the ability the largest local telecom expo. I showed one or to have one customer type, which is the operator.
to mix and match videos from different sources two slides on CBRS and got a lot of questions We did not need to listen to anybody else. And,
and apply some intelligence to it, you can make after that from the customers and from the press. the operator business is very much
the video very audience targeted. With CBRS, the US is one of the early adopters of consumer-driven. Now we have a B2B model.
what I call private enterprise networks – networks Eventually we will have a B2B2C model.
A 15-year-old fan and a 60-year-old, long-time that focus on the business rather than the
NBA fan watching the same game might speak a consumer side. There is a lot of interest in this As the value chain gets more complex, I find
different language. They might want to listen to type of network. myself – like you do – talking to a lot of
different commentaries, or even view different companies I didn’t used to talk to. It’s highly
angles of the game. When we talk about 5G, the mindset has to be: interesting for me. It is about deciphering what
“Oh, this is really about transforming the they said into what we need to provide from a
We provide the tools and let the business enterprise business verticals, about the digital software and hardware perspective.
innovate on these data and make that experience transformation.” The learnings from CBRS may be
more interesting to the fans. That’s just the useful in other countries. In Germany, spectrum Monica: Let me ask you a final question. In terms
beginning of the discovery. for private enterprise networks is being made of what you learn listening to the enterprise, what
available. We know that Ofcom in the UK is are the priorities moving forward? Where do we
Now look into CBRS. Mobile operators can bring discussing how this can be done. Sweden, I think, need to work hardest from the wireless and
in a portion of CBRS PAL or other licensed has already been doing it. telecom industry to help the enterprise, to enable
spectrum. Add to it the GAA shared-spectrum them to do what they need to do?
opportunity of more than 70 MHz. This channel When I go to Asian countries, China included,
provides ample scope to smoothly support these there’s a lot of talk about the need to transform Caroline: I think there are a few priorities. Top on
venue-based broadband applications. the industry. China has an initiative called China my list is to make the network operate like a
Manufacturing 2025 that explores the types of cloud. Access as a service, infrastructure as a
Monica: From the wireless ecosystem, we need to private networks that can be made available. service, platform as a service, and maybe even
talk with the enterprise and listen to what they function as a service.
need, so we can provide the tools for them to go Regulation obviously will be different, but the
ahead and innovate. concept of enabling a private, enterprise-focused Think about what IT does today. If IT teams need
network is not far from people’s minds. There are compute, they will go to Amazon’s AWS. They pay
In the US, CBRS has started this process. There a lot of discussions proceeding at different for what they need. They don’t need to pay for
has been a lot of discussion, communication and speeds, among different groups. everything. If we can make the private network as
cooperation – I don’t remember seeing that a few operationally automated as possible, make it
years ago. It’s clearly part of a bigger picture. It’s For us in the US, we have quite a few CBRS simple, I think we’ll see a lot more of these
not just the US. It is not just CBRS. There is a lot commercial deployments. Let’s document our networks popping up.
more going on in other countries. learnings. Let’s really listen. Internally at Intel, we
call this big ears and little mouth: listen and say
little. We need to consume what the CIOs are
The second thing will be security. You can’t have a Because these things drive innovation, we are business for a long time. When you go to a trade
network that’s not secure, that doesn’t protect the actively working on accelerators, working with show, you tend to see the same people over and
enterprise’s data from the enterprise. some of the venture capital funds to bring new over. We’ve got to bring new software developers
software developers into the space. into this – people who write for the enterprise,
The other thing that Intel’s doing is to support the think to write for CBRS, and write for 5G networks.
ecosystem. We need to enable the ecosystem and For many years, wireless was limited to a very
expand it beyond the players that we know of. small ecosystem. You and I have been in this
About Intel
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FCC | How did the FCC take CBRS off the ground?
A conversation between Michael O’Rielly, Commissioner, Federal Communications Commission, and Monica
Paolini, Principal, Senza Fili
The CBRS regulatory platform is highly frequency at 3.55 to 3.7 GHz. There is such a need and then licenses will be available next year
innovative and can be a blueprint for other in the United States for spectrum in the mid-band through auction.
multi-tier, shared-access models that can be range, so it’s going to be exciting to see what
used in other bands and in other countries. innovators use it for, what they take and turn this Monica: CBRS is also an important blueprint
With CBRS, incumbent users and multiple into. moving forward. You’re showing it’s possible to
licensed and unlicensed users share the work with the incumbents in bands that they need
3.5 GHz band. CBRS encourages a more We’ve done our work at the FCC, and now we’re to have access to, but do not use heavily.
efficient way to use – and reuse – spectrum, as excited to see what happens in the marketplace.
Michael: It’s the first time, at such a large scale,
well as new business models for both service Monica: The work of the FCC was remarkable, that we’re going to make shared spectrum
providers and enterprises. because you were able to bring all the incumbent available. I think it’s a blueprint for other bands
In this conversation, FCC Commissioner users into the fold and get them to work where we cannot clear. Clearing, to me, is still a
Michael O’Rielly tells us about how the FCC together. Was there much work to convince them priority. We need cleared bands, and we’re going
settled on the three-tier access structure, and that CBRS would not hinder their rights to access to push to have cleared bands.
the impact it will have on the US market and to the band?
In those instances where you cannot clear, the
on spectrum regulation. Michael: Oh, absolutely. The process was long CBRS model may work very well. A couple bands
Monica Paolini: Mike, it’s a pleasure to talk to and tortuous. A lot of credit is due to people that come to mind. Congress has teed up new
you now, with the commercial launch of CBRS, worked on this long before I got to the project, so legislation on this in 3.1 to 3.55 GHz, and in the
which you have personally worked on so much at I thank them for their work. Then I picked up the 6 GHz and 7 GHz bands, where we probably can’t
the FCC. Can you tell us what’s great about CBRS ball and ran with it on a number of different clear completely, and where a CBRS model may
from the regulatory point of view? pieces. work.
Michael O’Rielly: CBRS, from my perspective, is a We finally came to resolution. In the last year and 37 GHz may be a place, as well, where this model
wonderful opportunity to make use of a band that a half, we’ve been working to figure out and solve may work. It’s not only just domestically: we know
had some difficulties. We have existing the size of the PAL licenses, for the priority a number of other countries have been looking at
incumbents that we couldn’t move. The solution licensed access, how big they should be in terms this and are considering adoption.
we came up with is a three-tier structure, which of geographic size. We got everybody on board,
or most everyone on board, with a resolution. Monica: This is cutting-edge regulation, and
allows three entities – the incumbents and there is a lot of interest from all the regulators I’m
licensed and unlicensed users – to operate in the At the end of the day, almost everyone’s talking to, but it’s still unclear how they will move
same frequency. comfortable with where we are. Now it’s in the forward.
That’s exciting. We’re able to make use of a band hands of the vendors and the operators to see
where it can go. We have now turned on the GAA, Michael: CBRS is more than a large-scale trial. We
that we couldn’t use before. It is a mid-band know it works. We’ve done all the testing. We’re
now in the initial commercial deployment, or ICD, There’s also a time function. Incumbent users are We’re also looking at what we call, for lack of a
stage, but that is just in the short term. We’re not operating all the time. That’s why you have better word, package bidding.
going to be fully operational in a matter of weeks, the ESCs, recognizing that the Navy radars are not
and we’re excited about that. going to be operating all the time. That’s the We plan to make a bidding tool available which is
benefit of technology. separate from the license size. We’re not
We know the ESCs are functional. We know the changing the license sizes; we’re keeping them at
SASs are functional. ICDs will just give us more While in the past we may have had to cordon off the county level. But with the bidding tool, people
data. And, over time, data will help us reduce a zone forever, now we can use technology to may bid on multiple counties at once. This was
some of the limitations we’ve put on the band. permit access to spectrum when the incumbent is part of the package and the resolution that got all
not using it. the different entities on board.
We hope to increase power and remove some of
the technical limitations, among other things, to Monica: This is important, because obviously, I’m pretty happy to have an auction next year,
add new benefits going forward. incumbent users have a legitimate and important and we’ll just see where it goes. After our auction
use for the band. procedures are adopted and the auction is run,
Monica: Through the years, we’ve gotten more we’re going to be in the process of considering all
comfortable with how CBRS works and now we Michael: Oh, very much so. the applications. We will go through a long-form
have a fully defined regulatory platform. application review, and then, hopefully, the
Monica: You need to be able to protect it. It’s
licenses will be granted late next year, and people
For instance, at the beginning, the extension great that everybody has the confidence that it’s
can go forth and conquer.
zones were much bigger, and you have been able going to work.
to shrink them. Some still think you can use CBRS Monica: We don’t know exactly how CBRS – and
only in limited areas in the US and not at all along Let’s move to PALs. There was a recent
specifically PAL access – is going to work out, but
the East and West coasts, but it’s not quite like announcement from the FCC on the license
what we do know is that there’s going to be a
that. auction.
secondary market as well. How widely do you
Michael: We finally have a date for the auction: expect it to be used? It could be highly beneficial
Michael: That’s right. We worked really hard on
June 25, 2020. We’re excited about the auction. I for private LTE networks that use CBRS. For
the definition of these zones. When I started
worked really hard to make the licenses enterprises, a county-level license is too big, but
working on this project in 2013–2014, it was very
functional, to make them work for everybody. The they may be interested in leasing access rights in
telling. We considered an item, based on
previous structure was to use census tracts for a restricted area.
Chairman Wheeler’s proposed structure. I put up
the map of where the zones were going to be and license areas. They are too small and would have
Michael: The beauty of our CBRS structure is that
what they looked like. It just happened that they excluded a number of players who rightfully
there is 70 MHz potentially for licenses, but also
covered all the coasts. He and I, along with the thought it would be possible to use this band for
at least 80 MHz in most markets in GAA. In the
rest of our colleagues, quickly realized that wasn’t larger 5G networks.
markets where 70 MHz is not being used for
sustainable. licenses, because CBRS is not popular or for
There were a lot of naysayers out there saying:
“You would never do 5G in this band. It’s just not whatever other reason, that 70 MHz is available
We went back and worked really hard. The staff
the right structure.” It turns out we’re going to do for GAA. There you could have big, wide swaths of
worked really hard to get DoD on board, and
5G, and by the end of the year, we’re likely to unlicensed-like spectrum.
those zones shrunk incredibly. It is going to be
extensive. There are places, such as military have a 5G standard for these frequencies.
I suspect that the seven licenses at 10 MHz apiece
installations, where CBRS will not be operational. – for a total of 70 MHz – are going to be
I’m excited about that. The compromise reached
But most of the country will be open for business. was counties: licenses will be based on counties. incredibly popular. When I hear from providers,
whether they offer private LTE, an IoT service, or Monica: What do you see as the role of the Philip Marnick, Ofcom’s Group Director of
whatever they want to use it for, they are competition among SAS and ESC operators to be Spectrum Policy, was in Washington DC this week
contemplating using not only the GAA spectrum, in encouraging CBRS adoption? to discuss this at a conference. I’m open to and
but also the PALs. am excited to see what happens from their
Michael: I really don’t know. Two key things are service.
Also, they may combine CBRS with spectrum that finally having the ESCs and the SAS operators up
they may win in the C Band, if we get that and running. Do I think the SAS marketplace is But I have a healthy skepticism towards the new
operational, and other nearby frequencies, going to change? Absolutely. I think we could see approach proposed in the UK. I don’t know that it
providing larger channels to offer service and more come in and some leave. How many can the would work in an environment so diverse as the
multiple paths to obtain spectrum to offer such market handle? United States. I just don’t know. Ofcom talks
services. about having licenses on a per-building basis, and
Monica: How important do you think the role of I just don’t know that that would be something
They talk about 5G. You need 100 MHz channels, the enterprise will be in the success and that would work.
or 100 MHz spectrum. I think we want to give deployment of CBRS?
them that opportunity. This could be a piece of Even at the beginning, the initial CBRS proposal
that. Michael: In terms of enterprise, I couldn’t tell you for PAL licenses was based on census tracts, which
today who’s going to use it for what. I honestly was not a building-by-building structure. I think a
Monica: That’s important to support 5G rollouts don’t know, but I’m excited to see what will per-building licensing model may lead to either
in the CBRS band. But back to GAA, my happen. It could turn into all 5G or private LTE, or harmful interference to some entities, or to a
understanding is that you’re not mandating any maybe enterprises will mostly turn to GAA, or not. band that’s underutilized.
way in which there is coexistence among GAA The market’s going to have to take this where it
users. Coexistence mechanisms are defined for wants to go. I worry about that, especially in a prime band,
unlicensed bands, but not for CBRS GAA. Why did when I know that wireless providers are going to
you decide not to mandate a specific coexistence Monica: CBRS uses a regulatory framework that is need more 5G spectrum than they have been
mechanism for CBRS? specifically tailored to the US market – and in fact allocated. But I think it’s an interesting
to the 3.5 GHz band in the US. But there is much experiment, and I’m interested to see what it
Michael: This is through a lot of conversation and going on internationally on new approaches to turns out to be.
a lot of consideration to find our landing spot. We spectrum sharing to improve spectrum utilization.
describe GAA as unlicensed-like. There’s no listen- Monica: It seems that the multi-tiered CBRS
before-talk like Wi-Fi, but there are different In the UK, for instance, they are discussing a structure would be absolutely perfect for
things that we’ve adopted to get CBRS to work. regulatory framework with small license areas of millimeter wave, because the propagation is so
They’re a little different, but we’re excited about variable size, which are better suited for rural and different, so that you can have indoor and
them. low-density area coverage and for enterprise and outdoor networks in the same area, with different
venue-based private networks. Clearly, traditional users.
We’ve worked with all the interested parties, and licensed bands are still needed for wide-area
they’re excited about them. I really think this will mobility. Michael: In some instances, yes. I think you could
be well-received in the marketplace. Devices are see a scenario in the 37 GHz band and maybe
generally ready for operation, to get into Michael: The CBRS model that we have been others, where you could see something like this
consumers’ hands. building and have adopted can be something being part of that equation. We certainly have to
other countries can look to. I know the work they protect DoD and existing incumbents that we’ve
are doing in the UK, and I had a chance to visit allowed to stay in particular bands.
over the summer and talk to their folks.
In many millimeter-wave bands, we do not need Monica: What about the 6 GHz band? Monica: What about the incumbents in the 6 GHz
to use a CBRS model because we do not have band?
incumbents to protect. We’re clearing those Michael: Yeah, 6 GHz is something that we’re
bands and licensing them off. I don’t know that working aggressively on. We have to. We need to Michael: We will protect them. We’re very
you need a CBRS model. make some decisions on the parameters to be mindful of the utilities, public safety, some of the
used for indoor and outdoor access. I think we wireless providers that are there doing backhaul.
Monica: The secondary market can be used to don’t need an automatic frequency coordinator The unlicensed service offerings are low-power,
allow multi-tier access in a licensed band, right? for indoor use. I want to make sure we have a and they can fit in the 6 GHz band nicely without
fulsome plate of unlicensed services in 6 GHz. causing interference to those providers.
Michael: The secondary market supports We’ll just have to work through some of those
disaggregation and different mechanisms to details.
share the different pieces, yes.
Glossary
References
[1] Acronyms and Definitions Pertaining to Commercial Operations in the U.S. 3550-3700 MHz Band, Wireless Innovation Forum.
[2] Citizen’s Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) White Paper, HTNG, 2018.
[3] IEEE 802.19.1-2018 - IEEE Standard for Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems – Local and metropolitan
area networks – Specific requirements – Part 19: Wireless Network Coexistence Methods, IEEE Standard Association, 2018.
[4] Marshall, Preston, Three-Tier Shared Spectrum, Shared Infrastructure, and a Path to 5G, Cambridge University Press, 2017.
[5] Paolini, Monica, CBRS: Should the enterprise and venue owners care? Senza Fili, 2019
[6] Paolini, Monica, Getting edgy. Optimizing performance and user experience with edge computing, Senza Fili, 2018.
[7] Paolini, Monica, Power at the edge. Processing and storage move from the central core to the network edge, Senza Fili, 2017.
[8] Paolini, Monica, The total cost of ownership (TCO) for fixed OnGo in the 3.5 GHz CBRS band, Senza Fili, 2018.
[9] Paolini, Monica, Wireless in the enterprise. A deep reach, a more active role for venue owners, Senza Fili, 2017.
[10] Promoting Investment in the 3550-3700 MHz Band, FCC, 2018.
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