2019/11/13 Security Level:

Planning for Radio

Coverage
&
Capacity www.huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Content
• Coverage planning
 Three terms
 Tool and case
• Capacity planning
 Three terms
 Method and case
• Relationship
Balance of Uplink and Downlink

EIRP
BTS Set-top power

UL DL

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 3

 Propagation Model

Path Loss = f (frequency, distance)

Common propagation model

 Propagation model of free space (Lp=32.4+20logf+20logd)
 Okumura-Hata model (Applying to forecast of 900M macro cell)
 COST231-Hata model (Applying to forecast of 1800M macro cell)
 COST231 Walfish Ikegami model
(Applying to forecast of 900M and 1800M micro cells)
 Keenan-Motley model
(Indoor propagation model, applying to 900M and 1800M cells)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 Communication Probability
Concept of communication probability
Success call rate of MS on the radio coverage border or in the cell
Category of communication probability
• Edge coverage probability
• Area coverage probability
Probability Distribution

margin

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 5

 Tool

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 6

 Case

To construct a 900MHz Network in the suburb that requires about

100 square kilometer coverage acreage, -94dBm minimum
receiving level, and 91% edge coverage probability, forecast the
coverage distance and calculate the required quantity of BTSs.

Useful input information

• Band: 900MHz
• Network environment: suburb
• Coverage acreage: 100km2
• Efficient receiving level: -94dBm
• Edge coverage probability: 91％

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 7

Traffic -Traffic Load
Definition:
Call exchange volume of a subscriber in a particular time
Unit:
Erlang
BHCA Avg. CallHolding Time
Avg. Traffic Load @BH  (Erlang)
3600
BHCA: Busy Hour Call Attempt

If traffic in 15 min is 0.2 Erl, then traffic in one hour is 0.2×4＝0.8Erl

If traffic in 15 min is 0.2 Erl, then traffic in one hour is also about 0.2 Erl
when distribution of traffic is even

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 8

GoS - Grade of Service
 It is the probability of a call in a circuit group being blocked or
delayed for more than a specified interval.
 Erlang-B equation of GoS

AN N!
Gradeof Service N

 K!
AK

K0
A = Expected traffic intensity in Erlangs N = Number of circuits in group

GOS=2% Urban GOS=5% Suburb

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 9

Erlang-B
1. The relation between
number of TCH and
expected traffic is not linear
2. Because the channel is
shared
3. This share condition
happed in cell.

So the number of channel is in

one cell and correspond to the
traffic load of per cell.

TRX
Number

Elang GOS

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 10

Capacity Planning

Coverage
Number of site
estimation
Traffic Load
per site
Traffic model
Traffic Load of
Subscribers system
Distribution

Traffic Load
per cell

TRX Channel
Erlang-B
Configuration Configuration

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 11

 Case

A local network will be constructed. After two years, the number

of subscribers may attain 100,000. Provide that the traffic per
subscriber is 0.02Erl, 120 BTSs are required, and the call loss
rate is 2%.

Useful information
• Subscriber quantity: 100,000
• Call loss rate: 2%
• Traffic model: 0.015Erl
• Number of BTSs: 120

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 12

Case
① Roaming factor (traffic and developing trend): 10%; dynamic factor
(burst traffic): 15%
Network capacity: 100,000×(1+10%+15%)=125,000
① In terms of congestion, use 85% to calculate the bearer capability for
traffic. Thus, the design capacity of network is: 125,000/(85%)=147100,
that is 150,000 approximately.
② According to the provided traffic model, that is average 0.015Erl traffic,
forecast the busy-hour traffic of the whole network: 150000
×0.015=2250Erl.
③ The average traffic per BTS is: 2250/120=18.75Erl, average traffic per cell:
18.75/3=6.25Erl.
④ Based on 2% call loss rate, query the Erlang-B to find the number of
voice channels: 12channels/every cell
⑤ The number of control channels: 14 channels/every cell, 2TRX/every cell

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 13

Relation
 Pay attention to both coverage and capacity:

TRX/Channel/
Coverage Coverage Traffic Load
…
Dimensioning area per Site pre Site
Configuration

Traffic model
Coverage
Subscribers Limitation limitation
END
Distribution Judgment

Capacity
Frequency Figure out the
limitation
Planning max. configuration

Traffic Load
Channel
per Site
Configuration
Coverage
area per Site

BTS Quantity

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 14

Thank you
www.huawei.com
Method to enhance coverage

 Increase the transmission power of BTS

 Reduce the loss of combiner
 Reduce the loss of feeder
 Increase the gain of antenna
 Add TMA
 Improve Rx. sensitivity

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 16

No balance
Coverage of downlink

Coverage of uplink

No signal to
MS

Allowed loss is greater on Allowed loss is greater on

uplink than on downlink. downlink than on uplink Cannot access

when uplink and downlink are not on balance,

Coverage area is equivalent to the worse one.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 17

 Channel Configuration
 8 channels (i.e. time slots) per TRX
 BCCH Configuration
 Only 1 BCCH per cell; TS0 of TRX0
 TCH Configuration
No. of TCH n  8  BCCH
No. - SDCCH
No.
 SDCCH configuration suggestion
Without CBCH With CBCH
TRX No.
Normal cell Inner cell Edge cell Normal cell Inner cell Edge cell

1 SDCCH/4 SDCCH/8

2 SDCCH/8 SD/8 + SD/4

3 SDCCH/8 + SDCCH/4
4 2*SDCCH/8 SD/8 + SD/4 2*SDCCH/8

5 2*SDCCH/8 2*SDCCH/8 + SDCCH/4

6 2*SDCCH/8 + SDCCH/4 2*SDCCH/8 2*SDCCH/8 + SDCCH/4

7 2*SDCCH/8 + SDCCH/4 3*SDCCH/8 2*SDCCH/8 + SDCCH/4 3*SDCCH/8

8 3*SDCCH/8 3*SDCCH/8 + SDCCH/4

 Simply calculating: 1 “SDCCH/8” per 2 TRX’s

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 18