Review Questions

1. List the three things necessary for an emulsion to exist.

a. Two mutual immiscible liquids

b. Emulsifying agent
c. Sufficient agitation to disperse the discontinuous phase into the continuous phase

2. Match the following terms:

___c_____ Reverse emulsion a. Water-in-oil
___d_____ Stable emulsion b. Easy to separate
____a____ Normal emulsion c. Oil-in-water
____b___ Unstable emulsion d. Difficult to separate and requires treating

3. List the four primary methods of separating water from crude.

a. Separacion gravitacional
b. Quimica
c. Termico
d. Mecanico

4. Agents absorbed at the water–oil interface to lower the interfacial tension are called
a) emulsions
b) surfactants
c) coalescers
d) destabilizers
e) B and D

5. The most efficient method to determine the chemicals to best treat an emulsion is
accomplished by
a) a bottle test
b) electrostatic coalescence
c) heating
d) agitation
e) injection

6. The quantity of demulsifier necessary to produce the desired degree of treatment is influenced
by
a. porcentaje de sal
b. cantidad de w
c. tiempo de residencia
d. vol del fluido

7. When selecting a chemical to treat an emulsion,

a) speed is generally not a consideration for a gunbarrel or wash tank
b) speed becomes a more important consideration for a vertical treater
c) speed is not an important consideration for a horizontal heatertreater
d) all of the above
e) A and B only

8. Settling time
a) is usually required after chemical addition
b) is dependent upon the differential density of the oil and water
c) is the time required for free water to separate from the emulsion
d) all of the above
e) A and C
9. The application of heat in the treating process
a) reduces the size of the treating vessel
b) may vaporize the light hydrocarbons in the oil
c) is very expensive
d) all of the above
e) A and B

10. One of the most effective pieces of crude oil treating equipment
used to remove only free water from the flow stream is a(n)
a) FWKO
b) heater-treater
c) electrostatic treater
d) gunbarrel
e) wash tank with an internal gas boot

11. The indirect-fired heater differs from the direct-fired heater in that
the indirect-fired heater
a) is less expensive
b) is more expensive
c) has a process flow coil
d) all of the above
e) B and C

12. The prime consideration for using direct-fired heaters is

a) efficiency and cost
b) less storage space for BS&W
c) more complicated
d) all of the above
e) A and B

13. Figure 7-55 is a schematic of a vertical heater-treater. Label each

line with the appropriate identification from the group of devices
locates at the bottom of the figure.
14. Figure 7-56 is a schematic of a horizontal electrostatic treater. Label
each line with the appropriate identification from the group of
devices located at the bottom of the figure