marina aleqsiZe grigol beraZe irina koSoriZe

arfa‘ ad-doule da saqarTvelo

 Ilia State University
G. Tsereteli Institute of Oriental Studies,
Georgian State Museum of Folk and Applied Art

Marina Alexidze Grigol Beradze Irina Koshoridze

ARFA‘ AD-DOWLE AND GEORGIA

Tbilisi
2017
 ilias saxelmwifo universiteti,
g. wereTlis aRmosavleTmcodneobis instituti.
xalxuri da gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis saxelmwifo muzeumi

marina aleqsiZe grigol beraZe irina koSoriZe

arfa‘ ad-doule da saqarTvelo

Tbilisi
2017













wigni daibeWda saqarTveloSi iranis islamuri respublikis

saelCos kulturis ganyofilebis mxardaWeriT

ISBN 978-9941-
© gamomcemloba artanuji, 2016.
© marina aleqsiZe, 2016.
 sarCevi

winasityvaoba............................................................................................. 7
mirza reza xan arfa‘ ad-doules cxovreba da
moRvaweoba.................................................................................................. 9
borjomis `firuze~ da `daneSabadi~..................................... 37
Tbilisis `almasis sasaxle~.......................................................... 71
bibliografia........................................................................................... 83
danarTi – nawyvetebi arfa‘ ad-doules wignidan
`princ arfa‘s mogonebebi~P............................................................. 91
inglisuri reziume............................................................................. 141
sparsuli reziume............................................................................... 149

5
 winasityvaoba

XIX saukune qarTul-sparsuli urTierTobebis xangrZlivi is-

toriis manZilze cnobilia rogorc `aRmosavleTis ukanaskneli,
aTasmeerTe zRapari saqarTveloSi~. es aris periodi, rodesac
irani sabolood kargavs ara mxolod saqarTvelos, aramed Ta-
vis odindel hegemonias mTlianad aRmosavleT amierkavkasiazec.
damqancveli omebisa da iranisTvis arc Tu ise saxarbielo zave-
bis fonze mas diplomatiur enaze uwevs saubari ruseTis Zlier
imperiasTan. metropoliis centri CrdiloeTisken inacvlebs,
xolo Tbilisi – `kavkasiis dedofali~ – ruseTis mefisnacvlis
sarezidencio qalaqi xdeba. aq aqtiurad moRvaweoben sxvadasxva
qveynis diplomatebi da diplomatiuri misiebi. am pirovnebaTa
grZel rigSi sruliad gamorCeuli figuraa iranis generaluri
konsuli mirza reza xan daneS arfa‘ ad-doule, romelic saqarT-
veloSi diplomatiur samsaxurSi 1889-1894 wlebSi imyofeboda da
sagrZnobi kvali datova qveynis rogorc politikur, ise kultu-
rul cxovrebaSi.

7
 mirza reza xan arfa‘ ad-doules
cxovreba da moRvaweoba
mirza reza xani, cnobili titulebiT `arfa‘ ad-doule~,
`moi‘n al-vezare~ da `princi~, gviani yajaruli periodis erT-er-
Ti yvelaze saintereso da mravalmxrivi figuraa. is istoriaSi
darCa, rogorc cnobili saxelmwifo moRvawe, diplomati, mece-
nati, publicisti, poeti, arqiteqturisa da siZveleebis moyvaru-
li, koleqcioneri, farTod ganswavluli poligloti (sparsulis
garda flobda Turqul, arabul, rusul, frangul, germanul,
Svedur enebs), romelsac pativiT iRebdnen msoflios sxvadasxva
qveyanaSi da romelsac urTierToba hqonda Tavisi drois mraval
gamoCenil adamianTan.1

1
mirza reza xanis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb ix.: saqarTvelo
yajarTa periodis sparsul wyaroebSi (samogzauro da memuaruli
literatura), krebuli Seadgina, teqstebi sparsulidan Targmna,
Sesavali werili da komentarebi daurTo marina aleqsiZem, Tbilisi,
2016, 299-301; marina aleqsiZe, `mirza reza xanis `almasis sasaxle~
TbilisSi”, aRmosavleTmcodneoba, #2, Tbilisi, 2013, 140-145; irina
koSoriZe, saqarTvelo-iranis kulturul urTierTobaTa istoriidan.
arqiteqtura da xelovneba XVI-XIX saukuneebSi, Tbilisi, 2011, 157-
159; naTia demuriSvili, muslimuri xuroTmoZRvruli Zeglebi
saqarTveloSi, Tbilisi, 2010, 28, 86-88; Джемшид Гиунашвили, “О персид­
ских надписях Боржомской Фирюзы”, Источниковедческие разыскания, 1982,
Тбилиси, 1985, 244-248; Mehdi Bamdad, Sharh-e hal-e rejal-e Iran dar qarn-e 12
va 13 va 14 hejri, Vol. 1, Tehran, 1347/1968, 507-512; ‘Abdallah Mostoufi, Sharh-e
zendegani-ye man ya tarikh-e ejtema‘i va edari-ye doure-ye Qajariye, az saltanat-e
Mozaffar ad-Din Shah ta qarardad-e Vosuq ad-Doule ba Englis, Vol. II, Tehran,
1384/2005, 108-112; Mirza Mehdi Khan Momtahen ad-Doule Shaqaqi va Mirza
Hashem Khan, Rejal-e vezarat-e khareje dar ‘asr-e Naseri va Mozaffari, be kushesh-e
Iraj Afshar, Tehran, 1365/1986, 105-107; Abu al-Hasan ‘Alavi Razavi, Rejal-e ‘asr-e
Mashrutiyat, be-kushesh-e Habib Yaghma’i va Iraj Afshar, Tehran, 1363/1984, 21,

9
 misi warmomavlobis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva versia arsebobs. ira-
nul samecniero wreebSi damkvidrebuli versiiT, misi winaprebi,

26; Mohammad-‘Ali Tarbiyat, Daneshmandan-e Azerbaijan, be-kushesh-e Gholamreza

Tabataba’i Majd, Tehran, 1378/1999, 229; Mehdi Mojtahedi, Rejal-e Azerbaijan dar
‘asr-e Mashrutiyat, be-kushesh-e Gholamreza Tabataba’i Majd, Tehran, 1381/2002,
25-28; Khanbaba Moshar, Mo’alefin-e kotob-e chapi-ye Farsi va ‘Arabi az aghaz-e
chap ta konun, Vol. III, Tehran, 1341/1962, 131-133; General Hassan Arfa, Under
Five Shahs, London, 1964; ‘Abd al-Rasul Khayampur, Farhang-e sokhanvaran, Vol.
I, Tehran, 1368/1989, 331; S. Vahidniya, “Arfa‘ al-Dowle va khane-ye Esfahan dar
Orupa”, Nashriye-ye Daneshkade-ye adabiyat-e Daneshgah-e Esfahan, Vol. I, No. 1,
Isfahan, 1343/1964, 158-178; Hoseyn Mahbubi Ardakani, “Iran-e diruz,” Rahnema-
ye ketab, Vol. 10, No. 5, Tehran, 1346/1968, 487-493; Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani
Parizi, “Az Marv ta Monaco”, Rahnoma-ye ketab, Zamime-ye shomareha-ye 10,
11 va 12 jeld-e panzdahom, Tehran, 1351/1972, 1-52; Bert G. Fragner, Persische
Memoirenliteratur als Quelle zur neueren Geschichte Irans, Wiesbaden, 1979, 53-
55; ‘Ali-Akbar Sa‘idi Sirjani, “Dāneš (1)”, Encyclopaedia Iranica, ed. by Ehsan
Yarshater, 1993 (http://www. iranicaonline.org/articles/ danes-pen-name-of-moin-al-
wezara-mirza-reza-khan-arfa-arfa-al-dawla-ca); Hasan Morselvand, Zendeginame-ye
rejal va mashahir-e Iran (1299-1320 h. sh.), Vol. I, Tehran, 1376/1997, 138-142;
Karim Soleymani, Alqab-e rejal-e doure-ye Qajariye, Tehran, 1379/2000, 30; Asar-e
Aferinan: Zendegani-ye nam-avaran-e farhangi-ye Iran az aghaz ta sal-e 1300 hejri-
ye shamsi, ed. Mohammad Reza Nasiri, Vol. I, Tehran, 1384/2005, 232-233; Farhad
Diba, “Arfa: Gained in Translation”, Qajar Studies, Journal of the International
Qajar Studies Association, Travellers and Diplomats in the Qajar Era, Vol. VII,
Rotterdam/Gronselverd/Santa Barbara/Tehran, 2007, 127-151; Farhad Diba, “Tabriz
in Monaco: More on Prince Arfa‘s Villa”, The Iranian, 12 December, 2003 (http://
iranian.com/History/2003/ December/Danesh/index.html); Manouchehr M. Eskandari-
Qajar, “Villa Danesh. Mystery solved: Prince Arfa‘s house in Monte Carlo”, The
Iranian, 21 November, 2003 (http://iranian.com/EskandariQajar/2003/November/
Arfa/ ); Sayed Mohammad Baqer Borqe‘ i, Sokhanvaran-e nami-ye mo‘aser-e
Iran, Vol. 2, Qom, 1391/2012, 1329-1332; Sa‘ide Soltani Moqaddam, “Khanedan-e
Arfa‘“ (http://www.pajoohe.com/fa/index.php?Page=definition&UID=39787); Fatemeh
Moezzi, “Prince Arfa-od-dowle”, Institute for Iranian Contemporary Historical
Studies (http://iichs.org/index_en.asp?id= 651&doc_cat=16); Henri-Eugène Lazard,
D. Riòddá Khãan, Son altesse le prince Arfa-ud-Dovleh Mirza Riza Khan Danisch
et l’opinion publique, Arlon, Goetz, 1904; Dictionaire biographique international
des écrivains, Publié par Henry Carnoy, Vol. 1-4, Georg Olms Verlag: Hildesheim-
Zürich-New York, 1987, 146-148 (“Riza Khan, S.A. le Prince Mirza, Daniche – Arfa
ul-Dovleh”).

10
warmoSobiT kavkasielebi, ruseTis imperiis qveSevrdomebi iyvnen
da erevnis saxanoSi cxovrobdnen. babuamisi mirza ebrahimi 1826-
1828 wlebis ruseT-iranis omis dros erevnis xanis hosein xan sar-
dar-e erevanis pirveli ministri iyo. mama haj Seix hasani erevan-
Si zarafis saqmianobas eweoda da mas zaraf-e erevanis (erevnel
zarafs) eZaxdnen. 1827 wels ruseTis mier erevnis saxanos aneq-
siis Semdeg haj Seix hasani erevnidan iranSi, qalaq TavrizSi ga-
dasaxlda, qsovilebiT vaWroba daiwyo da didi qoneba daagrova.
mirza reza xani daibada TavrizSi 1853 wels (zogi monace-
miT – 1846 wels) da dawyebiTi skolac iqve daamTavra. haj Seix
hasans undoda, mis Svils kargi sasuliero ganaTleba mieRo da
igi ‘aTabaTSi (anu najafisa da qerbelas avtoritetul Siitur
sasuliero saswavleblebSi) gagzavna, magram swored im periodSi
TavrizSi momxdarma wyaldidobam da mis Sedegad miRebulma za-
ralma haj Seix hasani aiZula, Svili TavrizSi daebrunebina.
1876 wels mirza reza xani Tavis naTesavTan haji aRa reza
salmasisTan erTad stambolSi gaemgzavra. garkveuli xani is haji
aRas maRaziaSi muSaobda da Tan Turqulsa da franguls swavlob-
da, magram iqauri klimati misTvis mavne aRmoCnda da igi iZule-
buli gaxda osmaleTi daetovebina. ukana gzaze mirza reza xani
TbilisSi nacnob yadisTan axund haji mola babasTan gaCerda da
misi daxmarebiT Tbilisis Siitur saswavlebelSi2 daiwyo swavla.
aq mas arabul da rusul enebs, aseve ariTmetikas, geografias,
msoflio istorias da fizikas aswavlidnen. Tavisufal dros igi
madam stasuleviCis frangul pansionSi franguli da rusuli en-
ebis praqtikas gadioda.
TbilisSi swavlis ori wlis ganmavlobaSi mirza reza xani bi-
nas qiraobda cnobili azerbaijaneli dramaturgis da sazogado
moRvawis mirza faTali axundovis (1812-1878) saxlSi, sadac yovel
saRamos Tbiliseli muslimi inteleqtualebi ikribebodnen da
sxvadasxva sakiTxze, maT Soris arabuli (da mis safuZvelze arse-
buli sparsuli da Turquli) anbanis naklovanebebze msjelobd-
nen. am saubrebma mirza reza xans anbanis Sesworeba gadaawyvetina.

2
imxanad TbilisSi muslimTaTvis ori saswavlebeli iyo gaxsnili:
Siituri da sunituri. orives kavkasiis Seix al-eslami kurirebda.

11
sakonsuloSi muSaobis periodSi man dawera traqtati `resale-ie
roSdie~, romelSic arabul-sparsuli damwerlobis reformirebis
sakuTari gegma gadmosca. traqtati sparsul da frangul enebze
daibeWda da rogorc Tbilisel muslimebSi, ise iranis inteleq-
tualur wreebSi sakmaod didi mowoneba daimsaxura. inglisSi ira-
nis elCi mirza malqom xan Nnazem ad-doule (1833-1908), romelic
Tavis droze aqtiurad TanamSromlobda mirza faTali axundov-
Tan da TviTonac intensiurad muSaobda arabuli anbanis refor-
mirebis sakiTxebze,3 TbilisSi vizitis dros piradad Sexvda mir-
za reza xans, romelmac mas Tavisi naSromi gadasca. mirza malqom
xanma naSromi dadebiTad Seafasa, mis avtors werili miswera da
urCia, gvarad `daneSi~ (sp. `codna~) aerCia: `batono mirza reza
xan, msxverpladac SegewirebiT. Tqven Cveni epoqis siaxleebis Se-
saxeb kargad mogexsenebaT da, ueWvelia, gesmiT, rom yvela ada-
mians saxelis garda gvaric unda hqondes. gvaris saWiroebisa da
dadebiTi mxareebis axsniT Tavs aRar SegawyenT da mxolod imas
gTxovT, rom Tqveni gvarisTvis romelime sityva SearCioT. Tqve-
ni mravalmxrivi Rirsebebis gaTvaliswinebiT Sesaferis gvarad
`daneSi~ mesaxeba. amieridan me Tqven yovelTvis mirza reza xan
daneSad mogixseniebT da RmerTma qnas, rom Tqvenma mowyalebam es
brwyinvale saxeli sul ufro da ufro meti pativiT Seamkos. 1299
wlis 1 ramazani (1882 wlis 17 ivlisi), nazem ad-doule malqomi~.4

3
amis Sesaxeb ix.: Евгений Э. Бертельс, “Из истории попыток реформы арабского
алфавита. 1. Мальком-хан” , Культура и письменность Востока, книга III, Баку,
1928, 10-17; Yahya Zoka, Dar piramun-e taghiyir-e khatt-e Farsi: bakhsh-e nakhost
(tarikhche), Tehran, 1329/1950, 41-53; Hamid Algar, “Malkum Khan, Akhundzada
and the Proposed Reform of the Arabic Alphabet”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 5,
No. 2, 1969, 116-130; Hamid Algar, Mirza Malkum Khan: A Biographical Study in
Iranian Modernism, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1973,
78; Forogh Hashabeiky, Persian Orthography: Modification or Changeover? (1850-
2000), Stockholm, 2005 (Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Studia Iranica Upsaliensia,
7), 98-102, 225-226.
4
Khaterat-e Perens Arfa‘, be kushesh-e ‘Ali Dehbashi, Tehran, 1378/1999, 71-72;
saqarTvelo yajarTa periodis sparsul wyaroebSi, 322; S. Vahidniya,
“Arfa‘ al-Dowle va khane-ye Esfahan dar Orupa”, Nashriye-ye Daneshkade-ye
adabiyat-e Daneshgah-e Esfahan, Vol. I, No. 1, Isfahan, 1343/1964, 161-162; Hamid

12
Mmirza reza xanma es winadadeba siamovnebiT miiRo da Tavis saxels
`daneSi~ daumata, rac amieridan misi Taxallosi (anu literatu-
ruli fsevdonimi) gaxda.
1878 wels mirza reza xans saSualeba mieca ruseTis imperia-
Si Casuli naser ad-din Sahis (1848-1896) daxvedris ceremoniaSi
mieRo monawileoba. TbilisSi iranis generaluri konsulis mir-
za mahmud xan diba ‘ala al-molqis5 SuamdgomlobiT, mas Sahisa
da pirveli ministris Tarjimnoba daevala. misiis warmatebiT

Algar, Mirza Malkum Khan: A Biographical Study in Iranian Modernism, University

of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1973, 149; Джемшид Гиунашвили,
“О персидских надписях Боржомской Фирюзы”, 247; Farhad Diba, “Arfa: Gained
in Translation”, Qajar Studies, Journal of the International Qajar Studies Association,
Travellers and Diplomats in the Qajar Era, Vol. VII, Rotterdam/Gronselverd/Santa
Barbara/Tehran, 2007, 140.H
5
iraneli saxelmwifo moRvawe da diplomati mirza mahmud xan diba ‘ala
al-molqi (1842-1925) TavrizSi mcxovrebi seidebis tabatabai-dibas
sagvareulos erT-erTi warCinebuli warmomadgeneli iyo. TavrizSi
dawyebiTi ganaTlebis miRebis Semdeg igi ramdenime weli qalaq
TbilisSi swavlobda. erTxans iyo iranis konsuli astraxanSi, Semdeg
gadaiyvanes Tbilisis sakonsuloSi, sadac is male iranis generaluri
konsuli gaxda. Tbilisidan gadayvanil iqna sankt-peterburgSi iranis
sagangebo ministrad, ramdenime wlis mere ki dainiSna stambolSi
iranis elCad. momdevno wlebSi is ZiriTadad iranSi moRvaweobda: iyo
qermanisa da meqranis olqebis mmarTveli, isfahanis gubernatori,
iranis iusticiis ministri, iranis ganaTlebis ministri da sxv.
dakrZalulia tabatabais sagvareulo akldamaSi qalaq yumSi. sxvaTa
Soris, mirza mahmud xan diba ‘ala al-molqi iranis ukanaskneli
dedoflis farah diba fehlevis babua iyo. ix.: Mehdi Bamdad, Sharh-e hal-e
rejal-e Iran dar qarn-e 12 va 13 va 14 hejri, Vol. IV, Tehran, 1347/1968, 39-42; Hoseyn
Mahbubi Ardakani, “‘Alā’-al-Molk”, Encyclopaedia Iranica, ed. by Ehsan Yarshater,
1984 (http://www. iranicaonline.org/articles/ala-al-molk-mirza-mahmud-khan-diba-son-
of-mirza-ali-asgar-mostawfi-governor-and-minister-in-the-later-qajar); Kambiz Eslami,
“‘Ala’ al-Mulk, Mirza Mahmud Khan”, Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, 2009 (http://
referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/ala-al-mulk-mirza-
mahmud-khan-COM_23190); Hadi Hashemiyan, “Shajare-ye khanedan-e Tabataba’i
Diba”, Payam-e Baharestan, Vol. IV, No. 14, Tehran, 1390/2011, 1536-1537; Farhad
Diba, “Arfa: Gained in Translation”, 129-130.

13
dasrulebis Semdeg, ruseTis xelisuflebam igi wm. stanislavis
mesame xarisxis ordeniT daajildova, xolo iranis Sahma mas lo-
misa da mzis mexuTe xarisxis ordeni uboZa da sakonsulos Tar-
jimnad daniSna. 1885 wels mirza reza xanma monawileoba miiRo
ruseT-iranis sazRvris sademarkacio komisiis muSaobaSi, risTvi-
sac konsulis pirvel TanaSemwed dainiSna. 1889 wels naser ad-din
Sahis ruseTsa da evropaSi mesame mogzaurobis dros mirza reza
xani, kvlavac misi uSualo ufrosisa da moamagis mirza mahmud
xan diba ‘ala al-molqis wardginebiT (es ukanaskneli imxanad
sankt-peterburgSi iranis saelCos xelmZRvanelobda), Sahis Tar-
jimnis funqcias asrulebda.6
imave 1889 wels Sahma mirza reza xani TbilisSi iranis gene-
ralur konsulad daniSna. swored am periods – 1889-1894 wlebs
ukavSirdeba misi warmatebuli diplomatiuri, aRmSeneblobiTi da
saqvelmoqmedo saqmianoba saqarTveloSi. iranis sakonsulo ro-

6
mirza reza xani sakmaod xSirad aris moxseniebuli naser ad-din Sahis
`mogonebaTa dRiurSi~, sadac dawvrilebiT aris aRwerili 1889 wels
ruseTsa da dasavleT evropis qveynebSi misi mesame mogzauroba; ix.:
Ruzname-ye khaterat-e Naser al-Din Shah dar safar-e sevvom-e Farangestan, be-
kushesh-e Esma‘il Rezvani va Fatemeh Qaziha, 3 vols, Vol. I, Tehran, 1378/1999,
136, 168, 179-180, 187, 192, 205, 207-208, 213, 216, 224, 228, 235-237, 243-244,
247, 301, 308; Vol. II, Tehran, 1374/1995, 17, 20, 23, 66, 115, 241, 247, 254-255, 264,
270-272, 277, 279-282, 289, 291, 295, 300, 314. mirza reza xan arfa‘ ad-doule,
rogorc ukve warmatebuli da didi saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis mqo­ne
iraneli diplomati, aqtiurad iyo CarTuli agreTve ruseTsa da dasav­
leT evropaSi 1900, 1902 da 1905 wlebSi mozafar ad-din Sahis (1896-1907)
sami vizitis organizebasa da momsaxurebaSi, rac saTanadod aris kidec
asaxuli zemoxsenebuli yajari gvirgvinosnis mogzaurobis wignebSi;
ix.: Safarname-ye Mobarake-ye Mozaffar al-Din Shah be Farang, be-kushesh-e ‘Ali
Dehbashi, Tehran, 1361/1982, 33-34, 41, 50-51, 59, 63, 105, 113, 118, 227, 238;
Dovvomin Safarname-ye Mozaffar al-Din Shah be Farang, be-tahrir-e Fakhr al-Molk,
Tehran, 1362/1983, 75, 148; Safarname-ye sevvom-e Mozaffar al-Din Shah be Farang,
be-kushesh-e Mohammad Nader Nasiri Moqaddam, Tehran, 1390/2011, 69-70, 73-74,
76, 81, 91-92, 100-102, 104-108, 110, 113, 115, 120-121, 127-130, 138-140, 148-149,
152, 155, 159, 162, 167-168, 170, 180, 186, 193-195, 200-201, 203-204, 207, 209.

14
gorc TbilisSi mcxovrebi, ise mogzauri iranelebis TavSeyris
adgili iyo. aq imarTeboda iranuli dResaswaulebis aRsaniSna-
vi zeimebi da TbilisSi Camosuli didgvarovani iranelebisa Tu
sxva qveynebis stumrebis miRebis ceremonialebi. imxanad saqar-
TveloSi Camosuli iraneli warCinebuli jamSid xan afSar majd
as-salTane TbilisSi misi qveynis generalur konsuls mirza reza
xansa da mis rezidencias ase axasiaTebda: `Zalian lamazi Senobaa
iranis sakonsulo da iqidan SesaniSnavi xedi iSleba .....…arc erT
qalaqSi iranis sakonsulo iseTi privilegiebiT ar sargeblobs,
rogorc TbilisSi. is sxva qveynebis sakonsuloebs yovelmxriv
jobia da SenobiT, simdidriTa da sakuTari qveSevrdomebis mom-
saxurebiT saukeTesod iTvleba. Tavad konsulic am qalaqis mo-
saxleobis didi pativiscemiT sargeblobs, radgan ganaTlebuli
da mravlismnaxveli kacia. misi sakonsulo iranelebis TavSesafa-
ri da maTi siamayis sagania~7.
generaluri konsulis gulisxmierebasa da Tavis qveSevrdome-
bze zrunvas Semdegi faqtic mowmobs: 1890-ian wlebSi qoleris
epidemiis dros misi ZalisxmeviT da TbilisSi mcxovrebi irane-
li vaWrebisa da xelosnebis SemowirulobebiT muslimuri ubnis
mimdebare teritoriaze iranis sakonsulos mier SeZenil miwaze
Tbilisis RaribTa TavSesafari da saavadmyofo aSenda. Tavad
mirza reza xanis Canawerebidan vigebT, rom sakonsulos brZane-

7
saqarTvelo yajarTa periodis sparsul wyaroebSi, 459 (Sdr. majd-
os-saltane, qalaq Tbilisis aRwera, teqsti gamosacemad moamzada,
Targmani da komentarebi daurTo maia mamacaSvilma, Tbilisi, 1971,
30-31); Nugzar Ter-Oganov, “Two Iranian Authors, Majd os-Saltaneh and Yahya
Dowlatabadi, on Tbilisi”, tipologiuri Ziebani (Typological Researches), Vol.
4, Tbilisi, 2000, 405-406; Nugzar Ter-Oganov, “Évocation de Tiflis par deux auteurs
iraniens Majd os-Saltaneh et Yahya Dawlatabadi”, La Géorgie entre Perse et Europe,
Sous la direction de Florence Hellot-Bellier et Irène Natchkebia, Paris, 2009, 269;
George Sanikidze, “An Historical Survey of Georgian-Iranian Relations in the
Nineteenth Century”, Journal of Persianate Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2, Brill: Leiden &
Boston, 2008, 167-168; irina koSoriZe, saqarTvelo-iranis kulturul
urTierTobaTa istoriidan, 163.

15
biT, iq nebismieri erovnebisa da aRmsareblobis gaWirvebul ada-
mians SeeZlo emkurnala.8
mirza reza xani mravalmxriv ganaTlebuli da farTo intere-
sebis adamiani iyo. diplomatiur da sazogadoebriv saqmianobas-
Tan erTad is samwerlobo moRvaweobasac eweoda: garda zemoxse-
nebuli traqtatisa arabuli anbanis reformirebis Sesaxeb, mis
kalams ekuTvnis memuaruli Txzuleba `guSindeli irani (princ
arfa‘s mogonebebi)~9, leqsebis sami krebuli (maT Soris leqsebis
divani `gouhar-e xavari~)10, da sxv. misi xelSewyobiTa da dafi-
nansebiT daibeWda araerTi poetis leqsebis krebuli, maT Soris
– iraneli poetis abu nasr faThollah xan Seibani qaSanis (1826-
1891) rCeuli leqsebis krebuli, romelic gamoqveynda stambol-
Si 1891 wels. aRsaniSnavia, rom Seibanim mirza reza xanis saame-
blad krebulisadmi wamZRvarebul Tavis winasityvaobaSi sagange-
bod Seitana axali vrceli yasida, romelSic mirza reza xanis

8
Khaterat-e Perens Arfa‘, 317; saqarTvelo yajarTa periodis sparsul
wyaroebSi, 330.
9
`mogonebebis~ saboloo vrcel teqstze muSaoba mirza reza xan arfa‘
ad-doulem 1937 wels, gardacvalebamde ramdenime TviT adre daasrula.
teqsti pirvelad 1966 wels gamoica, xolo uaxlesi publikacia
ganxorcielda 1999 wels ‘ali dehbaSis redaqciiTa da Sesavali weriliT
(ix.: Iran-e diruz (Khaterat-e Perens Arfa‘), Tehran, 1345/1966; Khaterat-e Perens
Arfa‘, be kushesh-e ‘Ali Dehbashi, Tehran, 1378/1999). aqve isic unda iTqvas,
rom memuaruli Canawerebis gakeTeba mas adreve hqonda dawyebuli
da amgvari Canawerebis erTi nawili (misi biografiis sxvadasxva
epizodebis nakrebis saxiT) misi TbilisSi yofnis periodSive iTargmna
da gamoqveynda rusul da frangul enebze, Tumca am TargmanebSi misi
biografiis Tbilisuri periodidan mxolod ori mcire epizodia
warmodgenili. 2016 wels londonSi gamoqveynda mirza reza xan arfa‘
ad-doules memuarebis uaxlesi inglisuri Targmani, Sesrulebuli
maikl noel-klarkis mier; ix.: Prince Arfa, Memories of a Bygone Age: Qajar
Persia and Imperial Russia 1853-1902, translated and edited by Michael Noël-Clarke,
Gingko Library: London, 2016.
10
Franciszek Machalski, La Litterature de L’Iran Contemporain, I, La poesie persane de
l’epoque du “reveil des Iraniens” jusqu’au coup d’etat de Reza Khan (environ 1880-
1921), Wroclaw/Warszawa/Krakow, 1965, 29-30.

16
mSobliuri qalaqis Tavrizisa da misi imJamindeli moRvaweobis
adgilis Tbilisis xotbaa mocemuli.11
magram mirza reza xanis sruliad gansakuTrebul gatacebas
lamazi da eqstravaganturi saxlebis mSenebloba warmoadgenda.
1891-1892 wlebSi man borjomSi sastumro `firuze~ da TavisTvis
saagarako saxli `daneSabadi~12 aaSena. imave periodSi man Tbi-
lisSi gudoviCis (axlandeli WonqaZis) quCaze germaneli inJin-
risgan saxli iyida, is iranul yaidaze gadaakeTa da masSi iranis
sakonsulo moawyo. es saxli, romelsac Tanamedroveni `almasis
sasaxles~ eZaxdnen, XIX saukunis miwurulis Tbilisuri arqiteq-
turis erT-erT sayuradRebo nimuSs warmoadgens.13
TbilisSi Caeyara safuZveli mirza reza xanis antikvaruli ni-
vTebis koleqcias. man wiTeli xisgan uzarmazari oTxganyofile-

11
Montakhab az majmuʻe-ye bayanat-e Sheybani, bar hasb-e eshare-ye Amir al-Omara’
al-‘Azam, Sarkar Mirza Reza Khan Mo‘in al-Vezare, Jeneral Ajudan-e Makhsus-e
Hozur-e Homayun, Jeneral Qonsul-e Doulat-e ‘Aliye-ye Iran moqim-e Teflis, Istanbul,
1308/1890-91, 3-6. Seibanis am yasidis Sesaxeb ix.: saqarTvelo yajarTa
periodis sparsul wyaroebSi, 645-649; marina aleqsiZe, sparselebi da
sparsuli kultura XIX saukunis saqarTveloSi, Tbilisi, 2009, 22-23;
Marina Alexidze, “Le cheikh Sana‘an et Tiflis/Tbilissi”, La Géorgie entre Perse et
Europe, Sous la direction de Florence Hellot-Bellier et Irène Natchkebia, Paris, 2009,
80-81; Marina Alexidze, Georgia and the Muslim East in the Nineteenth Century:
Studies in the History of Culture, Religion, and Life, Tbilisi, 2011, 39-41; Nugzar Ter-
Oganov, “Two Iranian Authors, Majd os-Saltaneh and Yahya Dowlatabadi, on Tbilisi”,
402-403; Nugzar Ter-Oganov, “Évocation de Tiflis par deux auteurs iraniens Majd
os-Saltaneh et Yahya Dawlatabadi”, 266; Grigol Beradze, “Among the Chosen Cities:
Tbilisi in the Shi’I Tradition”, Journal of Persianate Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2, Brill:
Leiden & Boston, 2008, 210. sxvaTa Soris, iranSi dabrunebulma mirza reza
xanma sagangebod moinaxula da yvavilebiT Seamko Seibanis akldama
da misi saflavis fonze fotosuraTic gadaiRo, romelic 1930 wels
gamoqveynda Jurnal “armaRanSi” (ix.: “Maqbare-ye Sheybani: Perens Arfa‘ al-
Doule”, Armaghan, Vol. XI, No. 1, Tehran, 1309/1930, 40-41).
12
sastumro `firuzesa~ da `daneSabadis~ Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT ix. amave
wignis specialur TavSi.
13
`almasis sasaxlis~ Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT ix. amave wignis specialur
TavSi.

17
biani karada gaakeTebina da mas `muzeumi~ uwoda. Tavidan `muzeum-
Si~ mxolod moxuci kacis qandakeba idga da mnaxvelebis dacinvas
iwvevda. magram nel-nela karada sxvadasxva qveynis antikvaruli
nivTebiT Seivso, radgan sakonsuloSi misuli yvela stumari iq
raRac nivTs tovebda. mogvianebiT es koleqcia monakoSi `daneS-
gahad~ wodebuli misi sasaxlis sam did darbazSi ganTavsda da
`mSvidobis galereis~ saxeliT gaxda cnobili.
1895 wels mirza reza xani ruseTSi iranis elCis movaleobis
Semsruleblad dainiSna da imave wlis 22 aprils Tbilisi datova
da sankt-peterburgisken gaemgzavra. Tbiliselma iranelebma mas
mouwyves brwyinvale gacileba, romelic adgilobriv gazeTebSi
farTod gaSuqda. dilis rva saaTidan sakonsulos win Tbilisis
saxanZro razmis orkestri iranul melodiebs ukravda. uamravi
xalxi Seikriba, romelTac, wesisamebr, fuli da xalaTebi dau-
riges. iranelma vaWrebma da amqrebis ufrosebma generalur
konsuls vercxlis ydaSi Casmuli graviurebiani albomi da sxva
Zvirfasi saCuqrebi miarTves. adgilobrivma iranelma poetma mir-
za asadulam Tbiliseli iranelebis adresi da specialurad am
dRisTvis dawerili saqebari oda waikiTxa. mirza reza xani Tana-
memamuleebs am sityvebiT daemSvidoba: `xuTi wlis win, TbilisSi
Cemi Camosvlis dRes, roca pirvelad SegxvdiT, SegpirdiT, rom
mogepyrobodiT ara rogorc saxelmwifo moxele Tavis xelqvei­
Tebs, aramed rogorc Zma da megobari da gTxoveT, Tqvenc aseTive
ganwyoba gqonodaT Cemdami. axla, roca Tbiliss vtoveb, uRrmesi
madlierebiT vigoneb Tqvens Tanadgomasa da erTgulebas. Zvirfa-
so Zmebo, miiReT Cemgan ukanaskneli guliTadi madloba da rCe-
va: gaxsovdeT, rom codna da mecniereba ise gafantavs zneobriv
wyvdiads, rogorc mzis sxivebi – dilis nisls. axla, roca ru-
seTsa da irans Soris megobruli urTierTobebi viTardeba, roca
Tqvens qveyanaSi vaWroba da xelosnoba yvavis da amdeni muslimu-
ri saswavlebeli ixsneba, izruneT Tqveni Svilebis ganaTlebaze,
farTod gauxseniT maT codnis kari da CaunergeT swavlisa da
Sromis siyvaruli. mihyeviT progresis gzas, magram Tan nu dai-
viwyebT Cveni religiisa da tradiciebis siwmindes~. gulaCuye-
bulma xalxma konsulis etli qalaqis gasasvlelamde miacila da

18
TviTmxilvelebis cnobiT, samgzavro locvis kiTxvisas rogorc
xalxi, ise mirza reza xani cremlebs ver ikavebda.14
ruseTSi mirza reza xanma ramdenime weli gaatara. swored
am periodSi mieniWa mas tituli `arfa‘ ad-doule~. imave wleb-
Si, ruseTSi iranis sagangebo despanisa da sruluflebiani mi-
nistris Tanamdebobaze yofnisas, is iyo imavdroulad SvedeTisa
da norvegiis gaerTianebul samefoSi iranis saqmeTa rwmunebuli.
1899 wels mirza reza xan arfa‘ ad-doule iyo iranis delega-
ciis xelmZRvaneli (pirveli delegati) haagis pirvel samSvido-
bo konferenciaze.15 1901-1910 wlebSi igi iyo iranis sagangebo da
sruluflebiani elCi osmaleTSi. 1902 wels igi iranis srulu-
flebiani elCis rangSi wargzavnil iqna madridSi espaneTis mefe
alfonso XIII-is (1886-1931) inauguraciis sazeimo ceremonialze
dasaswrebad. 1908-1910 wlebSi arfa‘ ad-doule xSirad stumrob-
da monakos, sadac man dafuZneba gadawyvita, sasurveli adgili
SearCia da iq aago eqstravaganturi arqiteqturis mdidruli
samsarTuliani sasaxle `daneSgahi~16 (gumbaTiani Senoba CuqurT-
mebiT, figuruli kompoziciebiT, moxatulobebiT, sparsuli war-
werebiT, kirosisa da dariosis bareliefuri gamosaxulebebiT da
a.S.), romlis dizaini misi Tavrizis saxlidan iyo gadmoRebuli.17

14
“Отьезд персидского посланника”, Кавказ, № 105, Тифлис, 1895.
15
The Proceedings of the Hague Peace Conferences: The Conference of 1899, ed. James
Brown Scott, Oxford University Press, New York, 1920, 5, 23-24, 305, 390; Arthur
Eyffinger, The 1899 Hague Peace Conference: ‘The Parliament of Man, The Federation
of the World’, The Hague/London/Boston, 1999, 170.
16
sparsuli sityva (kompoziti) `daneSgah~ sityvasityviT niSnavs `cod­
nis adgils~ (daneS – `codna~ + gah – `adgili~). MmonakoSi agebuli sa­
saxlisTvis EaseTi saxelis SerCeva (sxvaTa Soris, am saxelwodebis Sem­
cveli sparsuli warwera dResac amSvenebs am Senobis fasads), cxadia,
da­kavSirebuli iyo (iseve, rogorc borjomSi agebuli `daneSabadis~
Sem­TxvevaSi) Tavad mirza reza xanis TaxallosTan anu literaturul
fsev­donimTan `daneS~, romlis Sesaxeb zemoT ukve gvqonda msjeloba.
1930-iani wlebidan mokidebuli ki sparsul enaSi sityva `daneSgahis~
upirvelesi da ZiriTadi mniSvneloba gaxda `universiteti~.
17
monakoSi mirza reza xanis sasaxlis mSenebloba dasrulda jer kidev
1911 wels, magram mogvianebiT, 1918 wlis 29 aprils, gaimarTa nagebobis

19
mogvianebiT am nagebobas `vila isfahansa~ da `vila daneSs~ eZaxd-
nen da axla is `iranis muzeumis~ saxeliT aris cnobili. sasaxlis
pirvel sarTulze mowyobil `mSvidobis galereaSi~ sxvadasxva
qveynis antikvaruli nivTebi da uiSviaTesi wignebia Tavmoyrili.
1919 wels arfa‘ ad-doulem imave monakoSi, zemoxsenebuli `daneS-
gahis~ axlos, aago meore, momcro saxli `rezaabadi~, romelic
misi vaJisTvis hasanisTvis iyo gankuTvnili. mogvianebiT es nage-
boba gaiyida, magram man Zveli saxeli SeinarCuna.
1913 wlis damdegs mirza reza xan arfa‘ ad-doule iranSi
dabrunda da mohamad ‘ali xan ‘ala’ as-salTanes ministrTa kabi-
netSi (1913 wlis ianvari – agvisto) iranis iusticiis ministrad
dainiSna.18 1920-1926 wlebSi igi iyo iranis warmomadgeneli erTa
ligaSi, JenevaSi. paralelurad sxvadasxva dros is iyo Sahis ge-
neral-adiutanti, taxtis memkvidre ufliswulis mozafar ad-din
mirzas mTavari adiutantis TanaSemwe, miniWebuli hqonda `pirve-
li sarTifis~ (brigadis generali), `amir Tumanis~ (diviziis me-
Tauri) da `amir noianis~ (feldmarSlis an generalisimusis ira-
nuli ekvivalenti) samxedro wodebebi, dajildoebuli iyo iranis

oficialuri sainauguracio ceremoniali, romelsac monakos princi

albert I (1889-1922) da sxva mravali sapatio stumari daeswro. monakoSi
misi am sasaxlis Sesaxeb ix.: Farhad Diba, “Arfa: Gained in Translation”, 138-139;
Farhad Diba, “Tabriz in Monaco”, The Iraniam, 12 December, 2003 (http://iranian.com/
History/2003/December/Danesh/index.html); Manoutcher M. Eskandari-Qajar, “Villa
Danesh. Mystery solved: Prince Arfa‘s house in Monte Carlo”, The Iranian, 21 November,
2003 (http://iranian.com/ EskandariQajar/2003/November/Arfa/); S. Vahidniya, “Arfa‘
al-Dowle va khane-ye Esfahan dar Orupa”, Nashriye-ye Daneshkade-ye adabiyat-e
Daneshgah-e Esfahan, Vol. I, No. 1, Isfahan, 1343/1964, 169-178; Bert G. Fragner,
Persische Memoirenliteratur als Quelle zur neueren Geschichte Irans, Wiesbaden,
1979, 53-55; “Villa Ispahan, un palais oriental à Monaco / Villa Ispahan, an Oiental
palace in Monaco”, La Gazette de Monaco, No. 497, Monaco, 2016, 88-90 (http://
www.lagazettedemonaco.com/wp-content/uploads/ 2016/01/Gazette497ImmoSite.pdf);
Harald Wiik, “Från Vassor till Monte Carlo” (http://www.netikka.net/ henrik.mangs/
montecarlo.html).
18
arsebobs sruliad fantastikuri ojaxuri legenda, romlis Tanaxmad,
mas damoukidebeli saqarTvelos mTavrobis meTauroba SesTavazes (ix.
Farhad Diba, “Arfa: Gained in Translation”, 143).

20
umaRlesi jildoebiT da aseve sxva qveynebis (ruseTi, inglisi,
safrangeTi, germania, avstria, belgia, Svecia, TurqeTi, ita-
lia, espaneTi, rumineTi, serbia, monako, buxaris saemiro da sxv.)
ordenebiTa da medlebiT,19 arCeuli iyo `mSvidobis saerTaSoriso
institutis~ sapatio wevrad (parizi, 1903 w.), `pacifisturi idee-
bis gavrcelebis belgiis sazogadoebis~ sapatio wevrad (briuse-
li, 1904 w.), `tuluzis xelovnebis, mecnierebis da literaturis
saerTaSoriso akademiis~ sapatio wevrad (tuluza, 1906 w.; mas mi-
niWebuli hqonda am akademiis sapatio doqtoris xarisxic), `sa-
frangeTis astronomiuli sazogadoebis~ sapatio wevrad (parizi,
1906 w.), `luqsemburgis didi sahercogos institutis istoriis
mecnierebaTa seqciis~ sapatio wevrad (luqsemburgi, 1906 w.),
`marselis geografiuli sazogadoebis~ sapatio wevrad (marseli,
1907 w.), `manSis poeziis akademiis~ sapatio wevrad (Serburi, 1918
w.) da sxva. aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom mirza reza xan arfa‘
ad-doule, romelsac iraneli da evropeli kolegebi xSirad
`mSvidobis princsac~ (`ferens-e solh~, “Prince de la Paix”) uwodeb-
dnen, xuTjer (1904, 1933, 1935, 1936 da 1937 wlebSi) iyo wardgenili
nominantad nobelis premiaze mSvidobis dargSi.20
mirza reza xani samjer iyo daqorwinebuli. pirvelad is
axalgazrdobaSi qalaq TavrizSi dibas warCinebuli sagvareulos
warmomadgenelze daqorwinda, magram maleve daqvrivda. rogorc
Cans, coli mSobiarobas gadayva, razec mirza reza xanis es leqsi
mianiSnebs:

19
mirza reza xanis erT-erT “sisustes” titulebisa da Cin-medlebisadmi
usazRvro ltolva warmoadgenda. rogorc misi Tanamedroveebi
gvamcnoben, Tavis pirad werilebs igi xSirad sagangebod urTavda
misi oficialuri titulebis, sapatio wodebebis, Tanamdebobebis,
ordenebisa da sxva jildoebis vrcel CamonaTvals adresatebze
gansakuTrebuli STabeWdilebis mosaxdenad. aA mis Sesaxeb ix., magaliTad:
KKhaterat-e Ehtesham as-Saltane, be-kushesh-e Sayyed Mohammad Mehdi Mousavi,
Tehran, 1392/2013, 406-407; ‘Ali Dehbasi, “Moqaddame”, wignSi: Khaterat-e Perens
Arfa‘, be kushesh-e ‘Ali Dehbashi, Tehran, 1378/1999, 15.
20
“Nomination Database: Prince Arfa Mirza Riza Khan”, Nobelprize.org, The Official
Web Site of the Noble Prize (http://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_
people.php?id=6319).

21
 `ise mTxova dedaCemma colis moyvana,
rom sabolood davTanxmdi.
magram sastikia gangeba, romelmac erTi wlis Semdeg
bavSvis deda wamarTva da guli tkiviliT amivso~.21

meore coli lili (liudmila) jervisi, romlis mama inglise-

li diplomati gaxldaT, xolo deda demidovebis rusuli aris-
tokratiuli ojaxidan iyo, mirza reza xanma TbilisSi gaicno.
TbilisSive daibada 1895 wels misi ufrosi vaJi hasani (Semdgom-
Si TvalsaCino iraneli samxedro moRvawe da diplomati, gene-
ral-maiori hasan arfa‘. gardaicvala 1983 wels monte karlo-
Si).22 mesame cols elza maria sesilia lindbergs, romelic cno-
bili fineli meviolines da SvedeTis umaRlesi samefo samusiko
saswavleblis pedagogis (1897 wlidan profesoris) karl iohan
lindbergis (1837-1914) da Svedi pianisti qalis emilia viikis qa-
liSvili iyo, is skandinaviaSi gemiT mogzaurobis dros Sexvda.
elza mariam, romelmac gaTxovebis Semdeg islami miiRo da dou-
leT xanumi dairqva,23 mirza reza xans vaJi ebrahimi (SemdgomSi

21
Farhad Diba, “Arfa: Gained in Translation”, 136.
22
general hasan arfa‘s Sesaxeb ix.: F. Azimi, “Arfa‘, Ḥasan”, Encyclopaedia
Iranica, ed. Ehsan Yarshater, Vol. II, Fasc. 4, New York, 1986, 394-395; Baqer ‘Aqeli,
Sharh-e hal-e rejal-e siyasi va nezami-ye mo‘aser-e Iran, Vol. I, Tehran, 1380/2001,
80-83; Mohammad Hasan San‘ati, “Arfa‘ dar asnad-e SAVAK”. Motale‘at-e Tarikhi,
No. 3, Tehran, 1383/2004, 175-215; ix., agreTve, misi memuarebi: General Hassan
Arfa, Under Five Shahs, London, 1964.
23
cnobilia, rom es qalbatoni (1876-1944 ww.) mweralic iyo. werda is Svedur
enaze da Tavis nawarmoebebs aqveynebda elza lindberg-dovleTisa
(Elsa Lindberg-Dovlette) da princesa mirza riza xan arfas (Princesse Mirza
Riza Khan Arfa) saxelebiT. Mmisi araerTi romani Sveduridan iTargmna
da gamoqveynda germanul, frangul, inglisur, Turqul da sxva enebze
(ix., magaliTad, misi romanebi:: Konstantinopel. Aus dem Tagebuch eine jungen
Türkin, Berlin, 1910; Les femmes de la ville des minarets, Paris, 1924; Frauen aus
der Stadt der Minarette, Berlin, 1926; Un violon chanta, Paris, 1926; Der Gesang der
dunklen Wasser. Ein Buch von Konstantinopel, Tübingen, 1927; Viola of the Old Street,
London, 1929; Le roman d’un harem, Paris, 1929). ix.: Farhad Diba, “Arfa: Gained
in Translation”, 136-137; “Elsa CM Lindberg-Dovlette” (https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/
Presentation.aspx?id=10445).

22
maRali rangis samxedro, brigadis generali; daiRupa 1943 wels
aviakatastrofaSi) da qaliSvili fatima24 gauCina.
sicocxlis bolo periodSi mirza reza xan arfa‘ ad-doule xan
TeiranSi da xan monakoSi cxovrobda. igi gardaicvala 1937 wels,

mirza reza xanis gardacvalebis Semdeg swored misi qaliSvili

24

fatima meurveobda da patronobda monakoSi mis didebul sasaxlesa

da mdidar koleqcias. fatima axalgazrdobaSi sakmaod popularuli
balerina iyo (albaT istoriaSi pirveli iraneli balerina), romelmac
sabaleto skola gaiara milanSi, sadac 1926-1928 wlebSi misi pedagogi
iyo gamoCenili italieli xelovani, didi maestro enriko Ceketi (1850-
1928), im wlebSi la skalas sabaleto akademiis reqtori. 1934 wels
fatima colad gayva frang diplomats gabriel bones da gaxda madam
silvia bone princesa arfa, Tumca mas zogjer “fatma-enaieT arfa”-s
saxeliTac moixseniebdnen. Tavis ojaxTan erTad sxvadasxva wlebSi
mas mouxda mogzauroba da cxovreba rogorc evropis sxvadasxva
qveyanaSi, ise avRaneTSi, kanadaSi (sxvaTa Soris, aq man sabaleto
sferoSi maestro Ceketis novatoruli meTodi pirvelma Seitana da
danerga), amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, urugvaiSi (aq misi meuRle
safrangeTis sruluflebiani elCi iyo 1957-1965 wlebSi), da a.S. (ix.: S.
Vahidniya, “Arfa‘ al-Dowle va khane-ye Esfahan dar Orupa”, 177; Gladys Arnold, One
Woman’s War: A Canadian Reporter with the Free French, Toronto, 1987, 140-143;
Gilbert Serres, Enrico Cecchetti, l’Homme – il Maestro, Caravel Création: Fauville-en
Caux, 2012; ”Enrico Cecchetti” (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Cecchetti). aqve
interesmoklebuli ar unda iyos imisi aRniSvnac, rom mirza reza xan
arfa‘ ad-doules vaJi hasan arfa‘ 1923 wels, mamisgan Tanxmobis miRebis
Semdeg, daqorwinda niWier da warmatebul britanel balerinaze hilda
biuikze (Hilda Bewicke), romelic man monte karloSi sergei diagilevis
(1872-1929) cnobili rusuli sabaleto dasis (Ballets russes) gamosvlebisas
gaicno. Garfa‘s ojaxis saagarako saxli laraqSi (Teiranis CrdiloeT
SemogarenSi) 1960-ian wlebSi iranSi erT-erTi elitaruli saloni
iyo, sadac paraskev dRes generalsa da elCs hasan arfa‘s (1958-1960
wlebSi igi iyo iranis sruluflebiani elCi TurqeTSi, xolo 1961-62
wlebSi – sruluflebiani elCi pakistanSi) da mis meuRles q-nH hilda
biuik arfa‘s (gard. 1970 w.) xSirad stumrobdnen iraneli da ucxoeli
politikosebi, diplomatebi, mwerlebi, mecnierebi, xelovnebis moR­
vaweebi, Jurnalistebi; ix.: General Hassan Arfa, Under Five Shahs, London,
1964; Robert de Warren, Destiny’s Waltz: In Step with Giants, New York, 2009.

23
84 wlis asakSi, TeiranSi. misi saxeli yvelaze cocxlad Semoinaxa
misma agebulma Senobebma – borjomis `firuzem~, Tbilisis `alma-
sis sasaxlem~, monakos `vila daneSma~ (dRes `iranis muzeumi~) da
Teiranis saxlma (`rezaabad~) arfa‘ ad-douleseul baRSi (`baR-e
arfa‘ie~), romelSic 1950-60-ian wlebSi iranis kulturis saminis-
tros sagamofeno darbazi (`Talar-e farhang~) iyo gaxsnili.

24
 arfa‘ ad-doule, 1889

arfa‘ ad-doule, 1935

25
arfa‘ ad-doule, 1901

26
 ruseT-iranis sazRvris sademarkacio komisia
(arfa‘ ad-doule marjvnidan meore), 1885

arfa‘ ad-doule (ukana rigSi

SuaSi) mozafar ad-din Sahis
amalaSi peterburgSi, 1900
27
 arfa‘ ad-doule mozafar ad-din Sahis amalaSi
peterburgSi, 1900

28
29
arfa‘ ad-doules sasaxle `daneSgahi~ (`vila daneSi~) monakoSi

30
 arfa‘ ad-doule
`daneSgahis~ aivanze
kirosis qandakebasTan

dariosis qandakeba
`daneSgahis~ aivanze
31
arfa‘ ad-doules kabineti `daneSgahSi~

liudmila (lili) jervisi elza maria lindbergi

32
 arfa‘ ad-doule SvilebTan
ebrahimTan da fatimasTan
erTad

arfa‘ ad-doule vaJiSvil

hasanTan da mis maswavle-
belTan erTad

33
 fatima enaiaT arfa‘

arfa‘ ad-doule haagis samSvidobo konferenciaze, 1899

34
`marselis geografiuli sazogadoebis~ wevrobis mowmoba

`manSis poeziis akademiis~ wevrobis mowmoba

35
 arfa‘ ad-doules wignebi

36
 Bborjomis `firuze~ da `daneSabadi~

XIX saukuneSi borjomi da misi Semogareni mniSvnelovani saku-

rorto adgili gaxda. ruseTis xelisufleba cdilobda is „ru-
sul baden-badenad“ gadaeqcia. 1850 wels gaixsna mineraluri
wylis parki da imave 1850-ani wlebis damdegiT TariRdeba bor-
jomis mineraluri wylebis boTlebSi arasamrewvelo Camosxmisa
da maTi rogorc adgilze gayidvis, ise eqsportis pirveli cde-
bi, rac momdevno periodSi sul ufro intensiuri da masStaburi
gaxda. 1862 wels ruseTis imperatoris aleqsandre II-is (1855-1881)
Zma didi Tavadi mixeil nikolozis Ze romanovi (1832-1909) kavka-
siaSi mefisnacvlad dainiSna da borjomi, faqtobrivad, ruseTis
saimperatoro sagvareulos domenad iqca. romanovebis pirveli
sazafxulo sasaxle jer kidev 1864 wels aigo, xolo samefo sa-
zafxulo rezidencia likanSi, romelic dResac amSvenebs likanis
parks, 1894 wels dasrulda25.
borjomisadmi gamorCeuli damokidebuleba hqondaT saqar-
TveloSi mcxovreb Tu samogzaurod Camosul iranelebsac, rac
kargad Cans maT CanawerebSi (memuarebi, `mogzaurobis wignebi~).26
swored iraneli didvaWrebis rCeviT, romlebic darwmunebuli

25
Irina Koshoridze, “Visual Images of Persian-Georgian Cultural Relations at the Turn
of Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries”, International seminar “Qajar Art – Prove­
na­ne, Sources and Influances”, Report, Tbilisi, 2005, 45-48; irina koSo­ riZe,
saqarTvelo-iranis kulturul urTierTobaTa istoriidan. arqi­
teq­tura da saxviTi xelovneba, XVI-XIX saukuneebi, Tbilisi, 2011; eka
kaWarava, borjomi, Tbilisi, 2015.
26
sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom iraneli didebuli ‘ali xan yajar zahir
ad-doule (1864-1923), romelic naser ad-din Sahis siZe gaxldaT da
TviTonac warmoSobiT yajarTa yavanlus Stos warmomadgeneli iyo,
saqarTveloSi mogzaurobebis dros borjomsac ramdenjerme ewvia da
borjomSive dawera leqsebis is cikli, romelic 1909 wels TeiranSi
`borJomie~-s (rusul yaidaze) saxeliT gamoica (saqarTvelo yajarTa
periodis sparsul wyaroebSi, 650-653). zahir ad-doules Sesaxeb ix.:
Bert G. Fragner, Persische Memoirenliteratur als Quelle zur neueren Geschichte
Irans, Wiesbaden, 1979, 121-179; saqarTvelo yajarTa periodis sparsul
wyaroebSi, 504-505.

37
iyvnen, rom borjoms `kargi momavali hqonda~, mirza reza xanma
gadawyvita sakonsuloSi Semosuli Tanxebis mniSvnelovani nawi-
li aq uZrav qonebaSi daebandebina. 1891 wels man borjomis mi-
neraluri wylebis parkis SesasvlelTan `uzarmazar Tanxad~ miwa
SeiZina da zed iranul yaidaze sastumro `firuze~ aaSena.27 meore
nakveTi man SearCia `borjomis mTis wverze, Tamar dedoflis sa-
saxlis mopirdapire mxares, saidanac didebuli xedi iSleboda~.
radgan iqauroba did Tavad mixeils ekuTvnoda da ar iyideboda,
igi iZulebuli gaxda es miwa `uvadod eqiravebina~.28 aq man Ta-
visTvis saagarako saxli `daneSabadi~ aago. am sasaxles Cvenamde
ar mouRwevia, Tumca informacia mis Sesaxeb Tavad mirza reza
xanis mogonebebma Semogvinaxa: igi aRmosavlur stilSi iyo nagebi
da saxlis SesasvlelSi qvis filaze Semdegi poeturi qronograma
iyo amokveTili:

`arfa‘ ad-doulem didebul borjomSi borcvi

SearCia misi saxeliviT amaRlebuli.
mas daneSabadi unda ewodos,
radgan mirza reza xanis saxsovaria am qveyanaze~.29

sasaxles mSvenieri baRi da baRCa hqonda, romelsac qarTve-

li mebaRe aleqsi uvlida. saqarTvelodan gamgzavrebis Semdeg
am baRSi moyvanili uzarmazari kartofili mirza reza xan arfa‘
ad-doulem stokholmSi Tavisi saxlis fanjris win yvavilebs So-
ris dargo da damTvarieleblebisTvis gaukeTa muyaos abra warwe-
riT: `es kartofili arfa‘ ad-doules borjomis baRidan aris~.30
mirza reza xanis mier borjomis mineraluri wylebis parkis Se-
sasvlelTan agebuli sasaxle – sastumro `firuze~, romelic 1892

27
Khaterat-e Perens Arfa‘, be kushesh-e ‘Ali Dehbashi, Tehran, 1378/1999, 319;
saqarTvelo yajarTa periodis sparsul wyaroebSi, 332.
28
Khaterat-e Perens Arfa‘, 319; saqarTvelo yajarTa periodis sparsul
wyaroebSi, 332-335.
29
Khaterat-e Perens Arfa‘, 320; saqarTvelo yajarTa periodis sparsul
wyaroebSi, 335.
30
Khaterat-e Perens Arfa‘, 320; saqarTvelo yajarTa periodis sparsul wya­
roebSi, 335.

38
wels dasrulda, dResac amSvenebs borjoms. sasaxlis saxelwode-
ba fasadebis warwerebSi sam enazea gamoyvanili sparsuli (<ara-
buli), rusuli da laTinuri asoebiT. `firuze~ (firuze) sparsulad
iranul Zvirfas qvas firuzs aRniSnavs. Tavad sasaxle rom firu-
zisfrad iyo SeRebili, amas XIX saukunis mogzaurebic adasture-
ben (ix. qvemoT). rogorc Cans, am feris arCeva Tavad damkveTis
survili unda yofiliyo, rac mocisfro-molurjo koloritul
gamaze agebul interierebSic vlindeba. magram es saxelwodeba
xom (iseve rogorc Tavad firuzis qva), upirveles yovlisa, war-
mateba-gamarjvebis asociacias iwvevs da masSi meore, simboluri
da mirza reza xanisTvis mniSvnelovani miniSnebac SeiZleba amo-
vicnoT. sparsulad `firuz~ (piruz // firuz) da `firuzi~ (piruzi // firu­
zi) Sesabamisad `gamarjvebas~ da `gamarjvebuls~ niSnavs31 da Tu
mirza reza xanis biografias gadavxedavT, naTlad ikveTeba, rom
es periodi misi karieruli winsvlis, warmatebisa da gamarjvebis
erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi etapia. amdenad, gasakviri ar unda
iyos, rom sasaxlis saxelwodebis SerCevisas man swored am ideas
gausva xazi. `firuze~ rom mxolod megobrebis gasarTobad age-
buli dasasvenebeli sastumro ar iyo, es naTlad Cans mis deko-
ratiul programaSic, sadac aSkarad figurirebs iranis saxelmwi-
fos oficialuri simbolika da Tavad am saxelmwifos oficialu-
ri pirebis portretebic (sul aseTi xuTi portretia, romelTa
Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT). sasaxlis saxelwodebis amgvar gagebas amya­
rebs timpanis warweris qvemoT Casmuli qalis reliefuri figura,
romliskenac orive mxridan miemarTebian `putis~ tipis angeloze-
bi girliandebiT xelSi. es gamosaxuleba gamarjvebis qalRmerTi
unda iyos, razec mianiSnebs rogorc mis zeviT arsebuli warwera
`firuze~, ise misken mibrunebuli angelozebi, romlebic TiTqos
lamoben misTvis gamarjvebis gvirgvinis dadgmas. aSkaraa, arfa‘
ad-doules Cafiqrebuli hqonda, es sasaxle yofiliyo rogorc
misi piradi diplomatiuri warmatebebis, ise iranis gamarjvebis
simbolo. swored amitom moxda sasaxlisTvis ruseTis samefo

aqve isic unda gavixsenoT, rom iransa da aRmosavleTis sxva qveynebSi

31

sakuTari saxelebi `firuz~ (Firuz; kacis saxeli) da `firuze~/`firuza~

(Firuze/Firuza; qalis saxeli) sakmaod gavrcelebuli da popularulia.

39
domenis, romanovebis erT-erTi yvelaze ZviradRirebuli miwis
nakveTis SerCevac, romelSic diplomatma gadaixada sakonsulos
Semosavlebidan miRebuli Tanxa (anu saxelmwifo da ara piradi,
rac aseve niSandoblivia).
„firuzes“ Senoba sruliad gamorCeuli arqiteqturuli nimu-
Sia, romelSic aSkarad ikveTeba XIX saukunis 90-iani wlebis mxa-
tvruli tendenciebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom XIX saukunis II naxe-
vridan saqarTvelos ukve aRar hqonda pirdapiri diplomatiuri
da kulturuli kavSiri iranTan, moTxovnileba e. w. `aRmosavlur
interierebze~ sakmaod didi iyo. marTalia am dros saqarTveloSi
iraneli mSenebeli ostatebis raodenoba Semcirda, magram darCnen
interieris dekoratorebi, romlebic Senobebs iranuli arqiteq-
turis tradiciuli elementebiT aformebdnen. ruseTis imperiis
gamgeblobaSi myofi saqarTvelo da, gansakuTrebiT, Tbilisi „ru-
suli aRmosavleTis“ centri xdeba da rusi Tu evropeli arqiteq-
torebi mas `orientalur~ egzotikas axveven Tavs.32 „mavruli“ xa-
zis Casaxva Tbilisis arqiteqturaSi jer kidev XIX saukunis 50-ian
wlebs ganekuTvneba da mas saqarTveloSi moRvawe cnobili rusi
mxatvris Tavad g. gagarinis (1810-1893) Semoqmedebas da mis erT-
erT qmnilebas – qalaqis centralur moedanze (Tanamedrove Tavi-
suflebis moedani)33 mdebare Teatris darbazs ukavSireben.34
U1880-90-ian wlebSi es xazi mkafio gamoxatulebas povebs araerT
sazogadoebriv Tu kerZo SenobaSi. „sparsuli oTaxebi“ iyo bevr
sasaxlesa da rezidenciaSi, romlebic am dros TbilisSi igebo-

32
vaxtang beriZe, Tbilisis xuroTmoZRvreba 1801-1917 ww, t. II, Tbilisi,
1963, 61; I. Koshoridze, “Visual Images of Persian-Georgian Cultural Relations at
the Turn of Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries”, 41-51; irina koSoriZe, `aR-
mosavluri stilidan orientalizmamde~, wignSi: i. koSoriZe, saqarT-
velo-iranis kulturul urTierTobaTa istoriidan, 146-149.
33
im periodSi am moedans erevnis (an erevanskis) moedani ewodeboda 1827
wels rusebis mier general-leitenant ivan paskeviCis (Semdgom – gen-
eral-feldmarSal graf paskeviC-erivanskis) sardlobiT erevnis cixis
aRebis aRsaniSnavad da piradad graf i. paskeviC-erivanskis pativsace-
mad.
34
vaxtang beriZe, Tbilisis xuroTmoZRvreba 1801-1917 ww, t. I, Tbilisi,
1960, 60.

40
da.35 rogorc imdroindeli presa aRniSnavda, bevr SemTxvevaSi
„mavruli stili“ sakonkurso pirobebSive iyo daTqmuli. am Se-
nobebis Semqmnelebi evropeli an rusi arqiteqtorebi iyvnen, ro-
melTa namuSevrebSi Cans ara realuri aRmosavluri arqiteqturis
stiluri niSnebi, aramed maTi zedapiruli stilizacia. amitomac
mkvlevarebi am stils fsevdo-mavrul orientalizms uwodeben36.
Aamave dros, arc erTi es arqiteqtori ar iTvaliswinebda Zveli
qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis mdidar memkvidreobas, isini cdilob-
dnen aqcenti gadaetanaT Tbilisze, rogorc ruseTis egzotikur
aRmosavlur kuTxeze. am tendenciis ukiduresi gamovlineba iyo
kavkasiis muzeumis proeqti, romelic, sabednierod, ar ganxor-
cielda. proeqti cnobil rus arqiteqtors k. tatiSCevs ekuT-
vnoda. Kkavkasiis muzeumis Senobis maketi, romelic man 1910 wels
Seqmna, mizgiTebis, minareTebis, tipiuri aRmosavluri Seisruli
TaRebis, stalaqtitebis da moWiquli filebis narevs warmoadgen-
da, romlebSic qarTuli erovnuli xuroTmoZRvrebis natamalic
ki ar iyo.37
evropeli da rusi arqiteqtorebis mier Seqmnili Zeglebis-
gan gansxvavebiT, `firuzes~ moxatuloba imiTac aris saintereso,
rom misi dekori Tavad iraneli ostatebis mier aris Sesrulebu-
li da, amdenad, igi gansakuTrebiT faseulia ara mxolod qarTu-
li, aramed iranuli kulturuli memkvidreobis TvalsazrisiTac.
`firuze~ aRmosavluri, evropuli da qarTuli arqiteqturis
saocar nazavs warmoadgens: qarTuli Wviruli xis aivani, ro-
melic 1890-ian wlebSi kvlav aqtiurad gvxvdeba qalaqur arqi­
teqturaSi, saocari eleganturobiT erwymis evropuli yaidis
brtyel rustirebul fasadebs da naZerw bareliefur girliande-

35
saqarTveloSi am stilis yvelaze TvalsaCino nimuSebia samxatvro
aka­demiis, yofili arSakunis sasaxlis sarkeebiani darbazi (arqit. gr.
iva­novi); mefisnacvlis rezidenciis „spasuli oTaxi“ (arqit. o. simon-
soni); saxazino Teatri, amJamindeli operisa da baletis saxelmwifo
Teatri (arqit. v. Sreteri); qalaqis sabWos Senoba (arqit. a. ozerovi
da p. Sterni).
36
vaxtang beriZe, Tbilisis xuroTmoZRvreba 1801-1917 ww, t. II, Tbilisi,
1963, 69.
37
iqve, 76.

41
 bsa da angelozebis figurebs, romlebic fasadze gamomavali
kar-fanjris lunetebis moCarCoebebs qmnian. meore sarTulze
fasadebi rkinis sxmuli aivnebiT aris aqcentirebuli, romelTa
evropul mcenareul dekorSi ostaturad aris Cawnuli mirza
reza xanis saxeli, Sesrulebuli sparsulad:

‫ھﻮ ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎ ﺧﺎن‬

„is (RmerTi). mirza reza xani“.

‫ﺳﻧﮫ ﺳﯾﺻد و ھزار‬
sasaxlis yvelaze RirSesaniSnav ‫ ﺑود از‬warmoadgens
nawils ‫ﻧﮫ رﻓﺗﮫ‬ xis
‫زار‬ ‫ﺳﺑزه‬ ‫ﻣﺷت‬ ‫اﯾن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻘر‬
Wviruli aivani, romelic mTel simaRleze asdevs Senobis mTavar,‫ﻛﻠﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﻛﯾن‬
‫ﻓﯾروزه ﻧﺎم ﯾﺎﻓت ز اﺣﺑﺎب و دوﺳﺗﺎن‬
quCispira fasads daM didwilad gansazRvravs mis mxatvrul saxes.
‫ﻛز ﻣﯾرزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن ﻣﺎﻧد ﺑﯾﺎدﮔﺎر‬
tipiuri qarTuli Wviruli ornamentuli dekoriT Semkuli aivani
fasadis gverdiT nawilebTan SedarebiT win gamodis. aivnis meore
‫در ﻧﺿﺎرت ﭼو ﻗﺻر ﻓﯾروزه‬
sarTulis didiA Seisruli TaRis‫ﭼرخ ﮐﺑود‬ or‫ﺑزﯾر‬
mxares,
‫ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ‬zeda
‫ ﻧﯾﺳت‬kuTxeebSi yu-
‫ و ﻧﺳﯾم‬lomisa
radRebas ipyrobs xmalamowvdili ‫ ازﯾن ھوا‬da ‫ ﷲ‬mzis
‫ ﻟوﺣش‬erTnairi gamo-
saxulebebi. iranis saxelmwifos‫ھﻣﮫ ﻋﻧﺑر ﺷﯾم و ﻣﺷﮏ آﻟود‬
(da yajaruli samefo dinastiis)
es oficialuri emblema da ‫ﺷت‬simbolo
‫ﻏرﻓﮭﺎش ﺳوی ﺑﮭ‬ ‫ھرﯾﮏ ز‬
(„Sir-o-xorSid“), udavod,
‫ﻣﻧظری ﮔﺷود‬Senobis
Senobis mniSvnelovnebaze miuTiTebda. ‫ﺑﮭر ﻧظﺎره‬mTavari fasadis
gverdiT nawilebze evropuli tipis rkinis aivnebia mowyobili.
maTze gamomavali karebis timpanebi ‫ﺣﺿرت داﻧش‬ ‫ ﺧﺑر ذوق‬dekorirebuli
mdidruladaa
‫ﻓرﻣود‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺗﺧب‬ ‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﯾ‬
stukos ornamentiT da angelozebisa da girliandebis ‫ﮐﺎﯾن ﭼﻧﯾن‬ motivebiT.
‫ﺧﻧدان‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧرم‬ ‫ﻗﺻر‬ ‫ن‬ ‫اﯾ‬
Mmarjvena frTis zeda nawilSi Sav marmariloze oqrosfrad amo-‫اﻧدر‬
‫ﺑﺎد ﺗﺎ روزﮔﺎر ﺧواھد ﺑود‬
tvifrulia rusuli warwera TariRiT „18 МИРЗА РИЗА ХАНЪ 92~,
‫ﮔﺷت ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺳﺎل ﻓﯾروزش‬
xolo mis qvemoT rusulive asoebiT „ФИРУЗЭ”. sasaxlis marcxena
‫ﻗﺻر ﻓﯾروزه ﺟﻧت اﻟﻣوﻋود‬
frTis zeda nawilSi ki Sav marmariloze oqrosfrad amotvifru-
lia laTinuri asoebiT Sesrulebuli ‫ آدﻣﯽ‬warwera ‫„ﮔﻔﺖ ﺳﻌﺪی‬18 MIRZA
‫ﮔﺮ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ ز‬TariRiT:
RIZA KHAN 92“, xolo mis qveviT,‫زرﻧﮕﺎر‬ aseve,‫ﻗﺼﺮ‬Sav ‫ﮐﮫ‬ ‫ ﻧﺎم ﻧﯿﮑﻮ ﺑﮫ‬oqros-
marmariloze
frad ikiTxeba – „FIROUZE“. ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪ از ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎ ﺧﺎن در ﺟﮭﺎن‬
„firuzes“ rusuli da laTinuri‫زرﻧﮕﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺮھﺎی‬
asoebiT ‫ ﻧﺎم ﻧﯿﮏ و‬saxelwo-
gamoyvanili
‫ﺧﺎن‬ ‫رﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺮزا‬ ‫ھﻮ‬
debis orsave mxares ganlagebulia oqrosfer fonze TeTri relie-
furi sparsuli warwerebi, romlebic qmnis Semdeg orbeiTian leqss:
‫ھﻮ‬
‫ھزاراﻟﻮﮐﯿﻞ‬
‫ﺳﯾﺻدو و ﻧﻌﻢ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺒﯽ ﷲ‬‫ﻧﮫ رﻓﺗﮫ ﺑود از ﺳﻧﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺼﯿﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻌﻢ زار‬
‫ﻣﺷت وﺳﺑزه‬
‫ﻛﯾن ﻛﻠﺑﮫ ﻣﺣﻘر وﻧﻌﻢاﯾناﻟﻤﻮﻟﯽ‬
۱۳۰۹ ‫ﻓﯾروزه ﻧﺎم ﯾﺎﻓت ز اﺣﺑﺎب و ﺳﻨﮫ‬
‫دوﺳﺗﺎن‬
‫ﻛز ﻣﯾرزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن ﻣﺎﻧد ﺑﯾﺎدﮔﺎر‬
۱۳۰۹ ‫ﻣﯿﺮزا ﷴ ﻧﻘﺎش ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯽ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞروزه‬ _ ` ‫در ﻧﺿﺎرت ﭼو‬
‫ﻗﺻر ﻓﯾ‬
: 42 ‫ﻧﯾﺳت ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﺑزﯾر ﭼرخ ﮐﺑود‬
‫ﻟوﺣش ﷲ ازﯾن ھوا و ﻧﺳﯾم‬
‫آﻟود ﺷﺎه ﻗﺎﺟﺎر‬
‫ﻣﺷﮏاﻟﺪﯾﻦ‬
‫اﯾﺮانو ﻧﺎﺻﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺎھﻨﺸﺎهﺷﯾم‬
‫اﻋﻠﯿﺤﻀﺮت ﻗﻮﯾﺸﻮﮐﺖ اﻗﺪس ھﻤﺎﯾﻮنھﻣﮫ ﻋﻧﺑر‬
 ‫ ‬ ‫‪`1300-dan cxra weli iyo gasuli,‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫‪roca am patara saxlsa da baRs‬‬
‫ھﻮ ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎ ﺧﺎن‬
‫‪firuze uwodes megobrebma da axloblebma‬‬
‫‪da is mirza reza xanis saxsovrad darCa~.38‬‬
‫ھزار‪xis aivnis fasadze,‬‬ ‫‪„lomisa‬ﺳﯾﺻد و‬
‫‪iranuli‬‬ ‫ﺑود از ﺳﻧﮫ‬
‫رﻓﺗﮫ ‪da‬‬ ‫‪ ori simetriu-‬ﻧﮫ‬
‫“‪mzis‬‬
‫‪li gamosaxulebis qveS‬‬‫‪ oqrosferze‬زار‬
‫‪TeTri‬و اﯾن ﻣﺷت ﺳﺑزه‬ ‫ﻛﻠﺑﮫ ﻣﺣﻘر‬ ‫ﻛﯾن‬
‫‪reliefuri‬‬ ‫‪eqvsbei-‬‬
‫دوﺳﺗﺎن‪Tiani sparsuli leqsia‬‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓت ز اﺣﺑﺎب و‬
‫‪moTavsebuli.‬‬ ‫ﻓﯾروزه ﻧﺎم‬
‫‪marjvena‬‬ ‫‪mxares am leqsis‬‬
‫‪pirveli sami beiTi ikiTxeba:‬‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﺑﯾﺎد‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧد‬ ‫رﺿﺎﺧﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﯾرزا‬ ‫ﻛز‬

‫رﺿﺎﯾ ﺧﺎن‬
‫روزه‬ ‫ﻗﺻر ﻓ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺮزا‬
‫ھﻮ ﭼو‬ ‫در ﻧﺿﺎرت‬
‫ﻧﯾﺳت ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﺑزﯾر ﭼرخ ﮐﺑود‬
‫ﻟوﺣش ﷲ ازﯾن ھوا و ﻧﺳﯾم‬
‫ھزار‬ ‫ﺳﯾﺻد و‬
‫ﻣﺷﮏ آﻟود‬ ‫ﺳﻧﮫم و‬ ‫ﺑود از‬
‫ﻋﻧﺑر ﺷﯾ‬ ‫ﻧﮫ رﻓﺗﮫھﻣﮫ‬
‫زار‬ ‫ﺳﺑزه‬ ‫ﻣﺷت‬
‫ھرﯾﮏ ز ﻏرﻓﮭﺎش ﺳوی ﺑﮭﺷت‬ ‫اﯾن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻘر‬ ‫ﻛﯾن ﻛﻠﺑﮫ‬
‫دوﺳﺗﺎن‬
‫ﻣﻧظریو ﮔﺷود‬ ‫ﻧظﺎره اﺣﺑﺎب‬
‫ﻓﯾروزه ﻧﺎمﺑﮭرﯾﺎﻓت ز‬
‫ ‬ ‫ﺎر‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﺑﯾﺎد‬
‫‪`didebulebiT firuzes sasaxlis‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧد‬ ‫رﺿﺎﺧﺎن‬ ‫‪msgavsi‬ﻣﯾرزا‬
‫ﻛز‬
‫ ‬ ‫‪cis TaRis‬‬ ‫‪ qveS‬داﻧش‬‫‪sxva‬ﺣﺿرت‬ ‫‪adgili‬ذوق‬
‫ﺧﺑر‬ ‫‪ar aris.‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫روزه‬
‫ﻓرﻣود‪ra‬‬ ‫ﯾ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻗﺻر‬
‫‪misi‬ﯽ ﻣﻧﺗﺧب‬
‫‪mSvenieria‬‬ ‫ﭼو‬ ‫ﻧﺿﺎرت‬
‫ﭼﻧﯾن ﺟﺎﯾ‬
‫‪haeri‬‬ ‫‪da niavi,‬در‬
‫ﮐﺎﯾن‬
‫ ‬
‫ﮐﺑود‬
‫ﺧﻧدان‪yvelaferi‬‬
‫ﭼرخ‬
‫‪ambrisa‬‬‫ﺧرم و‬ ‫‪da‬ر‬
‫ﻗﺻرﺑزﯾ‬‫ﻧﯾﺳتاﯾنﺟﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫‪muSkis‬‬ ‫اﻧدر‬
‫‪surnelovania.‬‬
‫ﺧواھد وﺑودﻧﺳﯾم‬
‫ازﯾن ھوا‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻟوﺣش‬
‫ ‬ ‫ﺑﺎد‪misma aivnebma mxilvels‬‬
‫روزﮔﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬
‫روزشآﻟود‬
‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦﺷﯾمﺳﺎلو ﻓﯾﻣﺷﮏ‬ ‫ﮔﺷت ﻋﻧﺑر‬‫ھﻣﮫ‬
‫ ‬ ‫‪samoTxis‬‬ ‫‪xedi gadauSala”.‬‬
‫اﻟﻣوﻋودﺷت‬
‫ﺟﻧتﺳوی ﺑﮭ‬ ‫ﻏرﻓﮭﺎش‬
‫ﻗﺻر زﻓﯾروزه‬‫ھرﯾﮏ‬
‫ﮔﺷود‬ ‫ﻣﻧظری‬ ‫ﻧظﺎره‬ ‫ﺑﮭر‬
‫‪marcxena mxares ki imave leqsis momdevno sami beiTia gamoy-‬‬
‫‪vanili:‬‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺖ ﺳﻌﺪی ﮔﺮ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ ز آدﻣﯽ‬
‫داﻧش‬
‫زرﻧﮕﺎر‬ ‫ﺣﺿرت‬‫ذوق ﻗﺼﺮ‬‫ﻧﺎم ﻧﯿﮑﻮﺧﺑرﺑﮫ ﮐﮫ‬
‫ﻓرﻣود‬
‫ﻣﻧﺗﺧبﺟﮭﺎن‬‫ﺟﺎﯾﯽﺧﺎن در‬ ‫ﭼﻧﯾنرﺿﺎ‬
‫ﻣﯿﺮزا‬‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ازﮐﺎﯾن‬
‫زرﻧﮕﺎرو ﺧﻧدان‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺮھﺎی ﺧرم‬
‫اﻧدرو اﯾن ﻗﺻر‬ ‫ﻧﺎم ﻧﯿﮏ‬
‫ﺑﺎد ﺗﺎ روزﮔﺎر ﺧواھد ﺑود‬
‫ﮔﺷت ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺳﺎل ﻓﯾروزش‬
‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﺻر ﻓﯾروزه ﺟﻧت اﻟﻣوﻋود‬
‫ﺣﺴﺒﯽ ﷲ و ﻧﻌﻢ اﻟﻮﮐﯿﻞ‬
‫‪„ra sasixarulo‬‬
‫‪ambavia,‬و ﻧﻌﻢ اﻟﻨﺼﯿﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻌﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫‪rom misma aRmatebuleba daneSma‬‬
‫ﮔﻔﺖ ﺳﻌﺪی ﮔﺮ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ ز آدﻣﯽ‬
‫ ‬ ‫‪ aseTi adgili‬ﺳﻨﮫ ‪۱۳۰۹‬‬ ‫‪ SearCia.‬زرﻧﮕﺎر‬
‫ﻧﺎم ﻧﯿﮑﻮ ﺑﮫ ﮐﮫ ﻗﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺟﮭﺎن‪dae iyos es mxiaruli‬‬ ‫‪da ayvavebuli‬‬
‫ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎ ﺧﺎن در‬ ‫‪sasaxle,‬‬‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪ از‬
‫ ‬ ‫زرﻧﮕﺎر‪sanam qveyniereba‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎم ﻧﯿﮏ و ﻗﺼﺮھﺎی‬
‫!‪iarsebebs‬‬
‫` _ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯿﺮزا ﷴ ﻧﻘﺎش ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯽ ‪۱۳۰۹‬‬
‫‪:‬‬
‫‪ es leqsi citirebulia mirza reza xanis `mogonebebSic~ (ix.: Khaterat-e‬‬
‫‪38‬‬
‫ھﻮ‬
‫;‪Perens Arfa‘, 319; saqarTvelo yajarTa periodis sparsul wyaroebSi, 333‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﮐﯿﻞ ﻗﺎﺟﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﻧﻌﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺷﺎه‬ ‫اﯾﺮانﷲ و‬
‫ﺣﺴﺒﯽ‬‫اﻋﻠﯿﺤﻀﺮت ﻗﻮﯾﺸﻮﮐﺖ اﻗﺪس ھﻤﺎﯾﻮن ﺷﺎھﻨﺸﺎه‬
‫‪Джемшид Гиунашвили, “О персидских надписях Боржомской Фирюзы”, 244, 248).‬‬
‫ﻧﻌﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﯽ و ﻧﻌﻢ اﻟﻨﺼﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﺪ ﷲ ﻣﻠﮑﮫ و ﺳﻠﻈﺎﻧﮫ ﺳﻨﮫ ‪۱۳۰۹‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﮫ ‪۱۳۰۹‬‬
‫‪43‬‬
‫ﺣﻀﺮت اﺷﺮف اﻣﺠﺪ اﺳﻌﺪ واﻻ ﻣﻈﻔﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺮزا وﻟﯿﻌﮭﺪ دوﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان‬
‫` _ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯿﺮزا ﷴ ﻧﻘﺎش ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯽ ‪۱۳۰۹‬‬
 ‫ﻧﯾﺳت ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﺑزﯾر ﭼرخ ﮐﺑود‬
‫ﻟوﺣش ﷲ ازﯾن ھوا و ﻧﺳﯾم‬
‫ﻧﮫ رﻓﺗﮫ ﺑود از ﺳﻧﮫ ﺳﯾﺻد و ھزار‬
‫ھﻣﮫزارﻋﻧﺑر ﺷﯾم و ﻣﺷﮏ آﻟود‬
‫ﻛﯾن ﻛﻠﺑﮫ ﻣﺣﻘر و اﯾن ﻣﺷت ﺳﺑزه‬
‫دوﺳﺗﺎن ز ﻏرﻓﮭﺎش ﺳوی ﺑﮭﺷت‬‫ﻓﯾروزه ﻧﺎم ﯾﺎﻓت ز اﺣﺑﺎب و ھرﯾﮏ‬
‫ﻛز ﻣﯾرزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن ﻣﺎﻧد ﺑﯾﺎدﮔﺎر ﺑﮭر ﻧظﺎره ﻣﻧظری ﮔﺷود‬
‫ ‬ ‫‪misi gamarjvebis wels aRniSnavs‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫داﻧش ‪firuzes‬‬‫‪sasaxle‬‬
‫ﺣﺿرت‬‫‪– dapirebuli‬‬
‫روزه ذوق‬‫ﻗﺻر ﻓﯾ ﺧﺑر‬ ‫‪samoTxe~.‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬
‫در ﻧﺿﺎرت ﭼو‬
‫ﻓرﻣود ‪Senobis aivnis‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﯾﯽ‪da‬ﻣﻧﺗﺧب‬
‫‪marjvena‬‬ ‫ﮐﺑودﭼﻧﯾن‬
‫‪marcxena‬‬ ‫‪gverdiT‬ﮐﺎﯾن‬
‫‪ zeda‬ﺑزﯾر ﭼرخ‬
‫‪ registre-‬ﺟﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫ﻧﯾﺳت‬
‫ﺧﻧدان‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧرم‬ ‫ﻗﺻر‬ ‫ن‬ ‫اﯾ‬ ‫م‬ ‫اﻧدر‬
‫ﻧﺳﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ھوا‬ ‫ازﯾن‬
‫‪bSi ganlagebulia erTmaneTis analogiuri kompozicia: Savi mar-‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻟوﺣش‬
‫‪marilos oTx firfitaze‬‬ ‫ﺧواھد ﺑود‬ ‫‪asoebiT‬ﺗﺎ روزﮔﺎر‬
‫‪oqrosferi‬‬ ‫‪ aris‬ﻣﺷﮏ ﺑﺎد‬
‫آﻟود‬ ‫‪ amotvifruli‬ﺷﯾم و‬
‫ھﻣﮫ ﻋﻧﺑر‬
‫روزش‬ ‫ﻓﯾ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﺷت‬‫ﮔﺷت‬‫ﺑﮭ‬ ‫ﺳوی‬
‫‪orbeiTiani sparsuli leqsi da maT centrSi did Sav marmarilos‬‬
‫ﻏرﻓﮭﺎش‬ ‫ھرﯾﮏ ز‬
‫ﺑﮭر ﻧظﺎره ﻣﻧظری ﮔﺷودﻗﺻر ﻓﯾروزه ﺟﻧت اﻟﻣوﻋود‬
‫‪kartuSSi oqrosfrad gamoyvanili arabuli warwera TariRiT:‬‬

‫ ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪی ﮔﺮ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ ز آدﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺑر ذوق ﺣﺿرتﮔﻔﺖ‬

‫داﻧش‬
‫ ‬ ‫ﻓرﻣود ﮐﮫ ﻗﺼﺮ زرﻧﮕﺎر‬
‫ﻧﯿﮑﻮ ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﯾن ﭼﻧﯾن ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﺎم‬
‫ﻣﻧﺗﺧب‬
‫ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎ ﺧﺎن در ﺟﮭﺎن‬‫اﻧدر اﯾن ﻗﺻر ﺧرمﻣﺎﻧﺪو ازﺧﻧدان‬
‫ﺑود و ﻗﺼﺮھﺎی زرﻧﮕﺎر‬
‫ﺧواھد ﻧﯿﮏ‬
‫ﺑﺎد ﺗﺎ روزﮔﺎر ﻧﺎم‬
‫ﮔﺷت ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺳﺎل ﻓﯾروزش‬
‫ ‬ ‫‪`Tqva saadim: umjobesia adamianma‬‬
‫ﻗﺻر ﻓﯾروزه ﺟﻧت اﻟﻣوﻋود‬
‫ ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬
‫‪keTili‬‬ ‫‪saxeli datovos, vidre oqros sasaxle40.‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫‪ mirza‬ﻧﻌﻢ اﻟﻮﮐﯿﻞ‬
‫‪ reza‬ﷲ و‬
‫‪ xani ki amqveynad datovebs‬ﺣﺴﺒﯽ‬
‫ﮔﻔﺖ ﺳﻌﺪی ﮔﺮ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ ز آدﻣﯽ‬
‫ ‬ ‫‪rogorc‬ﻧﻌﻢ اﻟﻨﺼﯿﺮ‬
‫‪ keTil‬اﻟﻤﻮﻟﯽ و‬
‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫‪saxels, ise oqros‬‬‫‪ sasaxleebs~.‬زرﻧﮕﺎر‬
‫‪41‬‬
‫ﻧﺎم ﻧﯿﮑﻮ ﺑﮫ ﮐﮫ ﻗﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮫ ‪۱۳۰۹‬‬
‫‪sparsul beiTebs Soris Casmuli arabuli‬‬ ‫‪warweris‬در ﺟﮭﺎن‬
‫‪ teqsti‬رﺿﺎ ﺧﺎن‬
‫‪ re-‬از ﻣﯿﺮزا‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫زرﻧﮕﺎر‬
‫‪ligiuri xasiaTisaa da warmoadgens RmerTis moxseniebis erT-erT‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺮھﺎی‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬
‫ﻧﻘﺎش ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯽ ‪۰۹‬‬ ‫‪formulas,‬ﻣﯿﺮزا ﷴ‬
‫‪muslimur‬‬ ‫‪ _ ` romelic ase ikiTxeba:‬ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ھﻮ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺒﯽ ﷲ و ﻧﻌﻢ اﻟﻮﮐﯿﻞ‬
‫ﺷﺎھﻨﺸﺎه اﯾﺮان ﻧﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺷﺎه ﻗﺎﺟﺎر‬ ‫ھﻤﺎﯾﻮن‬
‫ﻧﻌﻢ اﻟﻨﺼﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ اﻗﺪس‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﻟﯽ و‬ ‫اﻋﻠﯿﺤﻀﺮت ﻗﻮﯾﺸﻮﮐﺖ‬
‫‪۱۳۰۹ ۱۳۰۹‬‬
‫ﺧﻠﺪ ﷲ ﻣﻠﮑﮫ و ﺳﻠﻈﺎﻧﮫ ﺳﻨﮫ ﺳﻨﮫ‬
‫ ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﻦ‪`is‬‬
‫‪(RmerTi).‬‬
‫ﻣﯿﺮزا وﻟﯿﻌﮭﺪ دوﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﺣﻀﺮت اﺷﺮف اﻣﺠﺪ اﺳﻌﺪ واﻻ ﻣﻈﻔﺮ‬
‫‪۱۳۰۹ sakmarisia‬‬
‫‪allahi‬‬ ‫]‪ [CvenTvis‬ﻧﻘﺎش ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯽ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯿﺮزا ﷴ‬ ‫‪da_igia‬‬
‫‪` saukeTeso damcveli,‬‬
‫‪1309‬اﺟﻮدان ﺣ‬
‫‪:‬‬
‫‪saukeTeso‬‬ ‫‪mfarveli‬‬ ‫‪da‬‬ ‫‪saukeTeso‬‬ ‫‪qomagi‬‬ ‫‪[Cveni].‬‬
‫ھﻤﺎﯾﻮن ﺟﻨﺮال ﻗﻨﺴﻮل دوﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان در ﻗﻔﻘﺎز‬ ‫ﻀﻮر‬ ‫‪weli~.‬ﺟﻨﺮال‬
‫‪xis cisferi aivani gvirgvinisebr‬‬ ‫‪۱۳۱۱ moCarCoebas‬‬
‫رﺿﺎ ﺧﺎن داﻧﺶ ﺳﻨﮫ‬ ‫‪qmnis‬‬
‫‪ aivnis‬ﻣﯿﺮزا‬
‫اﻗﺪس‪Sida sivrcisTvis, romelic uxvad aris dekorirebuli‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺟﺎر‬ ‫ﺷﺎه‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﺷﺎھﻨﺸﺎه‬ ‫ھﻤﺎﯾﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﺤﻀﺮت ﻗﻮﯾﺸﻮﮐﺖ‬
‫‪aRmosa-‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن‬
‫‪vlur‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎن اﻣﯿﻦ‬
‫‪stilSi‬‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺮزا ﻋﻠﯽ اﺻﻐﺮ‬
‫‪sarkeebiT,‬‬ ‫اﻓﺨﻢ آﻗﺎی‬
‫‪stukoTi‬‬ ‫اﻣﺠﺪ‪da‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻄﺎب اﺷﺮف‬
‫‪ferweruli‬‬ ‫‪۱۳۰۹‬‬ ‫ﺣﻀﺮت‬‫ﺪ ﷲ ﻣﻠﮑﮫ و ﺳﻠﻈﺎﻧﮫ ﺳﻨﮫ‬
‫‪medalionebiT.‬‬
‫ﺻﺪر اﻋﻈﻢ دوﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان ﺳﻨﮫ ‪۱۳۰۹‬‬
‫ت اﺷﺮف اﻣﺠﺪ اﺳﻌﺪ واﻻ ﻣﻈﻔﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺮزا وﻟﯿﻌﮭﺪ دوﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان‬
‫‪ es eqvsbeiTiani sparsuli leqsi, romlis bolo beiTSi qronogramaa‬‬
‫‪39‬‬

‫ﺟﻧرال ﻗوﻧﺳول‬ ‫ﺟﻧرال اﺟودان ﺣﺿور ھﻣﺎﯾون ﻣﯾرزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن داﻧش ﻣﻌﯾن اﻟوزاره‬
‫­‪Caqsovili, saerTod ar aris naxsenebi mirza reza xanis `mogonebeb‬‬
‫‪Si~.‬‬
‫‪۱۳۰۹‬‬
‫اﯾﺮان در ﻗﻔﻘﺎز‬ ‫اﯾﺮان دﺳﻨﮫ‬
‫وﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫﻗﻨﺴﻮل‬
‫دوﻟﺖﺟﻨﺮال‬
‫ﻨﺮال اﺟﻮدان ﺣﻀﻮر ھﻤﺎﯾﻮن‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫‪ sityvasityviT – `oqroTi moxatuli sasaxle~.‬‬
‫‪۱۳۱۱‬‬ ‫ﺮزا رﺿﺎ ﺧﺎن داﻧﺶ ﺳﻨﮫ‬
‫‪41‬‬
‫‪ es leqsi citirebulia mirza reza xanis “mogonebebSic” (ix.: Khaterat-e‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن‬ ‫اﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺎن‬ ‫اﺻﻐﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺮزا‬ ‫آﻗﺎی‬ ‫اﻓﺨﻢ‬ ‫اﻣﺠﺪ‬
‫‪Perens Arfa‘, 319; saqarTvelo yajarTa periodis sparsul wyaroebSi, 333).‬‬
‫اﺷﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻄﺎب‬ ‫ﻀﺮت‬
‫ﺪر اﻋﻈﻢ دوﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان ﺳﻨﮫ ‪۱۳۰۹‬‬
‫‪44‬‬
‫ﺟﻧرال اﺟودان ﺣﺿور ھﻣﺎﯾون ﻣﯾرزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن داﻧش ﻣﻌﯾن اﻟوزاره ﺟﻧرال ﻗوﻧﺳول‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان ﺳﻨﮫ ‪۱۳۰۹‬‬
 ‫ھﻮ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺒﯽ ﷲ و ﻧﻌﻢ اﻟﻮﮐﯿﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻌﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﯽ و ﻧﻌﻢ اﻟﻨﺼﯿﺮ‬
۱۳۰۹ ‫ﺳﻨﮫ‬
centralur adgilas ikiTxeba kartuSSi Casmuli Semdegi spar-
suli warwera da TariRi: ۱۳۰۹ ‫`` –_ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯿﺮزا ﷴ ﻧﻘﺎش ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯽ‬mxat-
var mirza mohamad yazvinis: namuSevari, 1309 (1891/92 w.)~.42
meore sarTulze did aivanze gamodis kari da ori fanjara,
romlebic iseve iyo dekorirebuli xis ‫ﻗﺎﺟﺎر‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺷﺎه‬
ornamentiTa da‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ھﻤﺎﯾﻮن ﺷﺎھﻨﺸﺎه‬
sxva-
dasxva feris feradi miniT, rogorc Sida ezos meore sarTulze. ۱۳۰۹
Rio­bebs Soris da gverdiT stukos reliefebia – Sav larnakebSi
Casmuli feradi (cisferi, vardisferi, yviTeli) ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان‬ ‫وﻟﯿﻌﮭﺪ دوﻟﺖ‬da‫ﻔﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺮزا‬
Taigulebi
Savi Citebi, TeTri alebastris larnakebi, saidanac TeTri re-
liefuri mcenareuli dekoratiuli motivebi gamodis ‫اﯾﺮان در ﻗﻔﻘﺎز‬
da ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬
mTel‫ﺟﻨﺮال ﻗﻨﺴﻮل دوﻟﺖ‬
sibrtyes faravs. ۱۳۱
aivnis dekoratiuli morTulobis mTavari elementia sarkee-
biani ornamentuli mcenareuli motivebi, ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن‬
romlebic‫ﺧﺎن اﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﻢ آﻗﺎی ﻣﯿﺮزا ﻋﻠﯽ اﺻﻐﺮ‬
fanjrebis
zeda registrSi sam mxares Semouyveba aivans. sarkeebiTvea de- ۱۳۰۹ ‫ﻨﮫ‬
korirebuli aivnis gverdiTi kedlebis calkeuli monakveTebi
‫ﺟﻧرال ﻗوﻧﺳول‬
da Weri. sarkeebiani ornamenti datanilia TeTr‫اﻟوزاره‬
fonze,‫ ﻣﻌﯾن‬romelic
‫ون ﻣﯾرزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن داﻧش‬
Zalze faqizi cisferi da vardisferi nazi dekoratiuli xveule-
biT aris Semkuli. sarkeebisa da stukos dekoraciebs Soris
Casmulia oTxfurcela da ovaluri formis medalionebi, romel-
Ta nawilze muq tonalobaSi Sesrulebuli peizaJebia gamosaxuli,
nawilze ki – feradi Taigulebi. aivnis dekoratiuli morTulo-
bis Sinaarsobrivi da mxatvruli centria fanjrebis Tavze sar-
keebian ornamentebs Soris Casmuli xuTi medalioni, romlebzec
sparseli didebulebisa da Sahis fotoportretebia Casmuli. Ffo-
toebs axlavs sparsulenovani warwerebi.
ukana mxridan Senobas aqvs kvadratuli gegmis Sida ezo, ro-
melsac garSemo samsarTuliani minaSeni Semouyveba. Mmeore sarTu-
lis fanjrebi erT dros mdidrulad iyo dekorirebuli xis or-
namentuli morTulobiTa da sxvadasxva feris minebiT. marcxena
mxares iyo didi sasadilo oTaxi, romlis Weri da kedlebi stu-

ostatis (mxatvris) vinaobis aRmniSvneliA am warweris Sesaxeb ix.:

42

Джемшид Гиунашвили, “О персидских надписях Боржомской Фирюзы”, 244;

irina koSoriZe, saqarTvelo-iranis kulturul urTierTobaTa
istoriidan, 160. warweraSi miTiTebuli muslimuri mTvaris hijris
1309 weli Seesabameba Cveni welTaRricxviT 1891/92 wels, ufro zustad
ki periods: 1891 wlis 7 agvisto – 1892 wlis 25 ivlisi.

45
 ‫ھرﯾﮏ ز ﻏرﻓﮭﺎش ﺳوی ﺑﮭﺷت‬
‫آدﻣﯽ ﮔﺷود‬
‫ﻣﻧظری‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺖ ﺳﻌﺪیﺑﮭرﮔﺮﻧظﺎره‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ ز‬
‫ﻧﺎم ﻧﯿﮑﻮ ﺑﮫ ﮐﮫ ﻗﺼﺮ زرﻧﮕﺎر‬
‫ﺣﺿرتدر داﻧش‬
‫ﺟﮭﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺮزا ذوق‬
‫رﺿﺎ ﺧﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪ از ﺧﺑر‬
kosa da minis dekoriT ‫ﻣﻧﺗﺧب ﻓرﻣود‬
iyo ‫ﮐﺎﯾنﻗﺼﺮھﺎی زرﻧﮕﺎر‬
‫ﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﯾ‬
Semkuli.‫ﭼﻧﯾن‬ centraluri
‫ﻧﺎم ﻧﯿﮏ و‬ Sesasvlelis
garda, saxls hqonda‫ﺧﻧدان‬ ‫اﻧدر اﯾن ﻗﺻر ﺧرم و‬
ukana Sesasvlelic, romlis rkinis kibeebic
saocrad maRali ostatobis ‫ﺧواھد ﺑود‬mcenareuli
‫ ﺑﺎد ﺗﺎ روزﮔﺎر‬ornamentuli saxeebiT
iyo morTuli. ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﮔﺷت ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺳﺎل ﻓﯾروزش‬
‫اﻟﻮﮐﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﷲ‬
sarkeebiani aivnis mTavari‫ﺟﻧت ﺣﺴﺒﯽ‬kompoziciuri
‫اﻟﻣوﻋود‬ ‫ﻗﺻر ﻓﯾروزه‬ da ideuri centria
‫اﻟﻨﺼﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
fanjrebisa da karis timpanebis Tavze minis qveS moTavsebuli xuTi
۱۳۰۹ ‫ﺳﻨﮫ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ ز آدﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪی‬Semdegi
‫ ﮔﻔﺖ‬pirovnebebi:
portreti,43 romlebzec gamosaxuli arian
‫ﻧﺎم ﻧﯿﮑﻮ ﺑﮫ ﮐﮫ ﻗﺼﺮ زرﻧﮕﺎر‬
1. kompoziciis centrSi‫ در ﺟﮭﺎن‬karis
‫رﺿﺎ ﺧﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺮزا‬aris
Tavze ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪ از‬
iranis imdroindeli
۱۳۰۹ ‫` _ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯿﺮزا ﷴ ﻧﻘﺎش ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯽ‬
mbrZaneblis naser ad-din ‫زرﻧﮕﺎر‬ Sahis ‫ﻗﺼﺮھﺎی‬ ‫ﻧﯿﮏ و‬
(1848-1896) ‫ﻧﺎم‬
portreti, romlis Ta-
vze ikiTxeba Semdegi sparsuli warwera TariRiT 1309 (1891/92 w.):
‫اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺷﺎه ﻗﺎﺟﺎر‬
‫اﻋﻠﯿﺤﻀﺮت ﻗﻮﯾﺸﻮﮐﺖ اﻗﺪس ھﻤﺎﯾﻮن ﺷﺎھﻨﺸﺎه اﯾﺮان ﻧﺎﺻﺮھﻮ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺒﯽ ﷲ و ﻧﻌﻢ اﻟﻮﮐﯿﻞ‬ ۱۳۰۹ ‫ﺧﻠﺪ ﷲ ﻣﻠﮑﮫ و ﺳﻠﻈﺎﻧﮫ ﺳﻨﮫ‬
‫ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﯽ و ﻧﻌﻢ اﻟﻨﺼﯿﺮ‬didebamosili,
`misi udidebulesoba, ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ uwmindesi da uavgustoesi
۱۳۰۹
mefeTa-mefe ‫ﺳﻨﮫ‬
‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان‬ ‫وﻟﯿﻌﮭﺪ دوﻟﺖ‬
(SahanSah) ‫ ﻣﯿﺮزا‬naser
iranisa ‫ﻣﻈﻔﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﺳﻌﺪ واﻻ‬
ad-din ‫ﺣﻀﺮت –اﺷﺮف اﻣﺠﺪ‬
Sah yajari,
dRegrZelimc hyos RmerTma samefo da xelmwifoba misi! –
1309 weli“.‫ﺟﻨﺮال اﺟﻮدان ﺣﻀﻮر ھﻤﺎﯾﻮن ﺟﻨﺮال ﻗﻨﺴﻮل دوﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان در ﻗﻔﻘﺎز‬
۳۰۹ ‫ﻧﻘﺎش ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯽ‬ ‫` _ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯿﺮزا ﷴ‬
۱۳۱۱ ‫ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎ ﺧﺎن داﻧﺶ ﺳﻨﮫ‬
2. samefo portretis xelmarcxniv (Cvengan) aris naser ad-din
Sahis ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن‬
vaJis, ‫اﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﺻﻐﺮ ﺧﺎن‬
taxtis ‫ ﻣﯿﺮزا ﻋﻠﯽ‬ufliswulis
memkvidre ‫اﺷﺮف اﻣﺠﺪ اﻓﺨﻢ آﻗﺎی‬
(da‫ﻣﺴﺘﻄﺎب‬ ‫ ﺣﻀﺮت‬1896-
SemdgomSi,
‫ﺳﻨﮫھﻤﺎﯾﻮن ﺷﺎھﻨﺸﺎه اﯾﺮان ﻧﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺷﺎه ﻗﺎﺟﺎر‬‫ﻗﻮﯾﺸﻮﮐﺖ اﻗﺪس‬ ‫اﻋﻠﯿﺤﻀﺮت‬
1907 wlebSi, ukve iranis Sahis)۱۳۰۹ mozafar ‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬mirzas
ad-din ‫دوﻟﺖ‬ ‫اﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﺪر‬
portreti
۱۳۰۹ ‫ﺧﻠﺪ ﷲ ﻣﻠﮑﮫ و ﺳﻠﻈﺎﻧﮫ ﺳﻨﮫ‬
Semdegi warweriT:
‫ﺟﻧرال اﺟودان ﺣﺿور ھﻣﺎﯾون ﻣﯾرزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن داﻧش ﻣﻌﯾن اﻟوزاره ﺟﻧرال ﻗوﻧﺳول‬
‫ﻣﻈﻔﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺮزا وﻟﯿﻌﮭﺪ دوﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان‬۱۳۰۹
‫اﺳﻌﺪ واﻻ‬
‫اﻣﺠﺪﺳﻨﮫ‬
‫اﺷﺮفاﯾﺮان‬
‫ﺣﻀﺮت ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬
‫دوﻟﺖ‬
„misi udidebulesoba, ukeTilSobilesi, ubrwyinvalesi da sve-
bednieri ‫ﻗﻔﻘﺎز‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان در‬
mozafar ‫ﻗﻨﺴﻮل دوﻟﺖ‬
ad-din ‫ﺟﻨﺮال‬iranis
mirza, ‫ﻮر ھﻤﺎﯾﻮن‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺮال اﺟﻮدان ﺣﻀ‬taxtis
saxelmwifos 1
memkvidre~. ۱۳۱۱ ‫ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎ ﺧﺎن داﻧﺶ ﺳﻨﮫ‬

3.‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن‬
mozafar‫ اﻣﯿﻦ‬ad-din
‫اﺻﻐﺮ ﺧﺎن‬mirzas
‫ﻣﯿﺮزا ﻋﻠﯽ‬portretis
‫اﻣﺠﺪ اﻓﺨﻢ آﻗﺎی‬marcxniv
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻄﺎب اﺷﺮف‬
aris‫ﺣﻀﺮت‬
Tavad mir-
۱۳۰۹ ‫ﺳﻨﮫ‬ ‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬
za reza xanis portreti da warwera TariRiT 1311 (1893/94 ‫دوﻟﺖ‬ ‫اﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ ﺻﺪر‬w.):44

‫ﺟﻧرال اﺟودان ﺣﺿور ھﻣﺎﯾون ﻣﯾرزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن داﻧش ﻣﻌﯾن اﻟوزاره ﺟﻧرال ﻗوﻧﺳول‬
۱۳۰۹ ‫دوﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان ﺳﻨﮫ‬
43
irina koSoriZe, saqarTvelo-iranis kulturul urTierTobaTa
1
istoriidan, 161, 216, sur. 110-111; naTia demuriSvili, muslimuri
xuroTmoZRvruli Zeglebi saqarTveloSi, 86-88.
44
Pmuslimuri mTvaris hijris 1311 weli Seesabameba Cveni welTaRricxviT
1893/94 wels, ufro zustad ki periods: 1893 wlis 15 ivlisi - 1894 wlis
4 ivlisi.
46
 ۱۳۰۹ ‫ﺧﻠﺪ ﷲ ﻣﻠﮑﮫ و ﺳﻠﻈﺎﻧﮫ ﺳﻨﮫ‬
‫ھﻮ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺒﯽ ﷲ و ﻧﻌﻢ اﻟﻮﮐﯿﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺼﯿﺮاﯾﺮان‬
‫ﻧﻌﻢ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬
‫وﻟﯿﻌﮭﺪ ودوﻟﺖ‬
‫ﻣﯿﺮزا اﻟﻤﻮﻟﯽ‬
‫ﺣﻀﺮت اﺷﺮف اﻣﺠﺪ اﺳﻌﺪ واﻻ ﻣﻈﻔﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻧﻌﻢ‬
۱۳۰۹ ‫ﺳﻨﮫ‬
‫ﺟﻨﺮال اﺟﻮدان ﺣﻀﻮر ھﻤﺎﯾﻮن ﺟﻨﺮال ﻗﻨﺴﻮل دوﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان در ﻗﻔﻘﺎز‬
۱۳۱۱ ‫ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎ ﺧﺎن داﻧﺶ ﺳﻨﮫ‬
۱۳۰۹ ‫` _ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯿﺮزا ﷴ ﻧﻘﺎش ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯽ‬
`misi udidebulesobis general-adiutanti, iranis diadi saxelmwi-
: ‫ﺣﻀﺮت ﻣﺴﺘﻄﺎب اﺷﺮف اﻣﺠﺪ اﻓﺨﻢ آﻗﺎی ﻣﯿﺮزا ﻋﻠﯽ اﺻﻐﺮ ﺧﺎن اﻣﯿﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن‬
fos generaluri konsuli kavkasiaSi ۱۳۰۹ ‫ﺳﻨﮫ‬mirza reza
‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان‬ ‫دوﻟﺖ‬xan ‫ ﺻﺪر‬, 1311
‫اﻋﻈﻢ‬daneSi
weli‫ﻗﺎﺟﺎر‬
~. ‫اﻋﻠﯿﺤﻀﺮت ﻗﻮﯾﺸﻮﮐﺖ اﻗﺪس ھﻤﺎﯾﻮن ﺷﺎھﻨﺸﺎه اﯾﺮان ﻧﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺷﺎه‬
‫ ﻣﯾرزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن داﻧش ﻣﻌﯾن اﻟوزاره ﺟﻧرال ﻗوﻧﺳول‬۱۳۰۹ ‫ﺳﻨﮫھﻣﺎﯾون‬
‫ﺣﺿور‬‫ﺳﻠﻈﺎﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﮑﮫ و‬
‫اﺟودان‬ ‫ﺧﻠﺪ ﷲﺟﻧرال‬
4. naser ad-din Sahis portretis۱۳۰۹ ‫اﯾﺮان ﺳﻨﮫ‬
marjvniv ‫دوﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬
(Cvengan) moTavse-
‫دوﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان‬
bulia portreti iranis‫وﻟﯿﻌﮭﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻈﻔﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺮزا‬
imdroindeli ‫(اﺷﺮف اﻣﺠﺪ اﺳﻌﺪ واﻻ‬sadr-e
premier-ministris ‫ﺣﻀﺮت‬
a‘zam ) mirza ‘ali asyar xan amin as-solTanis (1858-1907), romelic 1
‫ﻗﻔﻘﺎز‬a‘zamis
aseve aTabaq-e ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان در‬ ‫دوﻟﺖ‬aTabagis)
(didi ‫ﺟﻨﺮال ﻗﻨﺴﻮل‬maRal
‫ﻮر ھﻤﺎﯾﻮن‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺮال اﺟﻮدان ﺣﻀ‬
titulsac atareb-
da. Pportrets axlavs Semdegi warwera
45
۱۳۱۱TariRiT
‫داﻧﺶ ﺳﻨﮫ‬1309
‫رﺿﺎ ﺧﺎن‬ ‫ ﻣﯿﺮزا‬w.):
(1891/92

‫ﺣﻀﺮت ﻣﺴﺘﻄﺎب اﺷﺮف اﻣﺠﺪ اﻓﺨﻢ آﻗﺎی ﻣﯿﺮزا ﻋﻠﯽ اﺻﻐﺮ ﺧﺎن اﻣﯿﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن‬
۱۳۰۹ ‫ﺻﺪر اﻋﻈﻢ دوﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان ﺳﻨﮫ‬
`misi‫ﺟﻧرال‬
‫ﻗوﻧﺳول‬ aRmatebuleba, ukeTilSobilesi,
‫داﻧش ﻣﻌﯾن اﻟوزاره‬ brwyinvale
‫ھﻣﺎﯾون ﻣﯾرزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن‬ da didebamosi-
‫اﺟودان ﺣﺿور‬ ‫ﺟﻧرال‬
li batoni mirza ‘ali asyar xan amin as-solTani,
۱۳۰۹ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان ﺳﻨﮫ‬
iranis ‫دوﻟﺖ‬
saxelmwi-
fos sadr-e a‘zami, 1309 weli“.
1

Pgviani yajaruli periodis am cnobili iraneli saxelmwifo moRvawis

45

mama, aya ebrahim xan amin as-solTani (gard. 1882/83 w.), aseve didmoxele
iyo, romelsac erTxans naser ad-din Sahis karis ministris Tanamdeboba
ekava.Aam ukanasknelis mama (da mirza ‘ali asyar xan amin as-solTanis
babua) zaal xani ki, zogierTi iranuli da ucxouri wyaros monacemebiT,
ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsiis Semdeg iranSi gadasaxlebuli
keTilSobiluri warmomavlobis qarTveli iyo (sxva cnobebiT, igi jer
kidev aRa-mahmad xanis mier saqarTvelodan tyved iyo Cayvanili iranSi),
romelic Tavisi Tanamemamuleebis erT jgufTan erTad iran-ruseTis
omSi mxarSi edga abas-mirzas; ix.: Dust‘ali Khan Mo‘ayyar al-Mamalek, ‘Rejal-e
‘asr-e Naseri”, Yaghma, Tehran, 1336/1957, No. 8, 361-368; No. 9, 422-429; No. 10,
465-471; Mehdi Bamdad, Sharh-e hal-e rejal-e Iran dar qarn-e 12 va 13 va 14 hejri,
Vol. II, Tehran, 1347/1968, 387-425; Jean Calmard, “Atabek-e A‘zam, Amin-al-Soltan”,
Encyclopaedia Iranica, ed. Ehsan Yarshater, Vol. II, Fasc. 8, New York, 1987, 878-
890; Abbas Amanat, “Amin-al-Soltan, Aqa Ebrahim (d. 1300/1882-83)”, Encyclopaedia
Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 9, New York, 1989, 949-951.

47
 ‫ﺟﻨﺮال اﺟﻮدان ﺣﻀﻮر ھﻤﺎﯾﻮن ﺟﻨﺮال ﻗﻨﺴﻮل دوﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان در ﻗﻔﻘﺎز‬
۱۳۱۱ ‫ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎ ﺧﺎن داﻧﺶ ﺳﻨﮫ‬

5. mexuTe
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن‬ ‫اﺻﻐﺮ ﺧﺎن اﻣﯿﻦ‬
portretze ‫ آﻗﺎی ﻣﯿﺮزا ﻋﻠﯽ‬mirza
gamosaxulia ‫اﻣﺠﺪ اﻓﺨﻢ‬reza
‫ اﺷﺮف‬xani
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻄﺎب‬
da ‫ﺣﻀﺮت‬
mis am
meore portrets axlavs Semdegi warwera ۱۳۰۹ ‫ﺻﺪر اﻋﻈﻢ دوﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان ﺳﻨﮫ‬
TariRiT 1309 (1891/92 w.):

‫ﺟﻧرال اﺟودان ﺣﺿور ھﻣﺎﯾون ﻣﯾرزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن داﻧش ﻣﻌﯾن اﻟوزاره ﺟﻧرال ﻗوﻧﺳول‬
۱۳۰۹ ‫دوﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﯾﺮان ﺳﻨﮫ‬
`misi udidebulesobis general-adiutanti mirza reza xan daneS
mo‘in al-vezare, iranis diadi saxelmwifos generaluri konsuli,
1309 weli“.

yvela am portretis minebi zevidan gadawerili iyo mdare xa-

risxis peizaJuri suraTebiT da mTeli sabWoTa periodis manZil-
ze saerTod ar Canda. XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi, adgilobrivTa
gadmocemiT, borjomSi viRac maRalCinosani iraneli Casula ofi-
cialuri nebarTviTa da uflebamosilebiT, rom minebze peizaJebi
gadaefxika da es portretebic swored maSin gamoCnda.46
zogadad, sastumro `firuzes~ mxatvrul gaformebaSi SeiZle-
ba gamoiyos ori fena. pirveli aris Tavad Senoba, romelic aigo
1892 wels, Seimko xisa da liTonis Wviruli aivnebiT. am dros,
mirza reza xanis mier baqodan mowveulma sparselma mxatvarma

Cveni varaudiT, es `maRalCinosani~ safrangeTSi moRvawe cnobili

46

iraneli xelovnebaTmcodne da arqeologi, iranis kulturuli memkv-

idreobis iuneskos eqsperti, aw gansvenebuli doqtori Sahriar adli
(1944-2015) unda yofiliyo, romelic 1997-1998 wlebSi orjer iyo
saqarTveloSi Camosuli da ikvlevda aq daculi iranuli kulturu-
li memkvidreobis Zeglebs. misi muSaobis Sedegi nawilobriv aisaxa
mis naSromSi: Chahryar Adle, “Archéologie et arts du monde iranien, de l`Inde
musulmane et du Caucase d`après quelques recherches récentes de terrain, 1984-
1995; Peintures géorgiennes et peintures oriental, Musée Géorgien d’Art Chalva
Amiranashvili á Tbilissi”, Comptes Rendus, Académie des Inscriptions & Belles-let­
tres, Paris, 1996, 315-376. es naSromi, misi didi samecniero mniSvnelobis
gamo, SemdgomSi qarTuladac iTargmna da gamoqveynda; ix.: Sahriar
adli, `qarTuli da aRmosavluri ferwera S. amiranaSvilis saxelobis
saqarTvelos xelovnebis muzeumSi (gamokvlevebi Catarda a. da Dan.
Ggri­goliebis, m. fridmanisa da n. hoseinis xelSewyobiT)~, narkvevebi,
t. 7, S. amiranaSvilis saxelobis saqarTvelos xelovnebis muzeumi,
Tbilisi, 2001, 94-106.

48
moxata sasaxlis oTaxebis interierebi, xolo yazvinelma ostatma
Seasrula cisferi xis aivnisa da sasadilo oTaxis sarkeebiTa da
TeT­ri stukos ornamentebiT dekorireba. amave dros, aivnis gare-
Ta sivrceSi fanjrebisa da aivanze gamavali karis timpanebis Ta-
vze ganTavsda iranis imdroindel didebulTa portretebi. amave
periods ganekuT­vneba oTaxebis Werebis moxatulobac, romlebic
aseve azerbaijanidan mowveuli iraneli ostatis mier Sesrulda.47
dekorirebis Semdegi, meore fena aris borjomis mineraluri
wylebis xedebisa da peizaJebis amsaxveli medalionebi, aseve Sida
oTaxebis buxris gaformeba. amave dros unda gadaeweraT iranel
didebulTa portretebic. es mxatvroba SedarebiT mdare xarisxi-
saa, koloriti aris Camqrali da muq ferTa gamazea agebuli. am
medalionebSi gamosaxul adamianTa Cacmulobis mixedviT Tu vims-
jelebT, zeda qronologiuri zRvari ar unda scildebodes XX
saukunis 10-20-ian wlebs.
borjomis „firuze“ agebis dRidanve izidavda rogorc ad-
gilobrivi mnaxvelebis, ise saqarTveloSi stumrad Camosuli
ucxoelebis yuradRebas. Aamerikeli msxvili mewarme da mogzau-
ri jon bukvalteri (1837-1915), romelic 1898 wels ewvia saqar-
Tvelos, xazgasmiT aRniSnavda, rom borjomSi yofnisas misi gan-
sakuTrebuli yuradReba miipyro umSvenieresma saxlma, romelic
iranel diplomats mirza reza xans ekuTvnoda.48 amave Senobas

47
2010-2012 wlebSi Catarebulma sarestavracio-sakonservacio samuSa­
oebma daadastura, rom am medalionebisa da aivnis gverdiTi kedle-
bis stukos moxatulobebi mogviano periodSi, savaraudod, sabWoTa
epoqaSi `gauferadebiaT~ da damatebiTi elementebiT SeuvsiaT, Tum-
ca, ZiriTad kompoziciebs ar Sexebian. amJamad, meore fena sruliad
mocilebulia da gvaqvs lurj-TeTri stukos mcenareuli naZerwi
ornamentacia.
48
John Wesley Bookwalter, Siberia and Central Asia, Springfield, Ohio, 1899, 368-369:
“Many splendid villas and residences are scattered throughout this romantic region.
The palace of his Imperial Highness the Grand Duke Michael is beautifully located on
the banks of the river, some distance above the city. I was especially interested in a
most artistic and ornate dwelling occupied by the Persian minister, who resides here”
(iqve, wignis 368-e gverdze, avtors sailustraciod gamoqveynebuli
aqvs borjomis `firuzes~ mis mierve gadaRebuli foto); Farhad Diba,

49
exeba grigori janSievi, romelmac XIX saukunis dasasruls imo-
gzaura borjomis xeobaSi da dagvitova am mxaris aRwera. misi
mogzaurobis CanawerebSi motanilia `firuzes“ Senobis foto da
avtoriseuli komentaric: `saukeTeso eleganturi agarakebi mdi-
nare mtkvris Senakadis borjomulas gaswvrivaa agebuli ..... aq
vxvdebiT goTur, Sveicariul, Salesa da sxva stilebs .... yvelaze
originaluri ornamentaciis TvalsazrisiT ki iranis konsulis
vila `firuzea~. igi firuzisfradaa SeRebili, uxvadaa Semkuli
sarkeebiani inkrustaciiT da raRac axlisa da koloritulis
STabeWdilebas tovebs. axla igi sastumrodaa gaqiravebuli~.49
sabWoTa periodSi sasaxle Zvel patronebs (iranis konsuls)
CamoerTva da didi xnis manZilze funqcionirebda rogorc sana-
toriumi „firuza~, romelic profkavSirebs ekuTvnoda. 1990-ian
wlebSi, qveyanaSi mimdinare radikaluri cvlilebebis xanaSi, Se-
noba sruliad gapartaxda, Caingra Werebi da iatakebi. sakmaod
Zneli gaxda masSi SeRwevac, radgan igi im dros ukve kerZoO
sakuTrebas warmoadgenda da mis mTavar, yvelaze maRalmxatvrul
nawilSi, kerZod, sarkeebiani aivnebis momijnave oTaxebSi ramde-
nime adgilobrivi ojaxi da ltolvilebi cxovrobdnen.
1990-ian wlebSi Zegls ar hqonda kulturuli memkvidreobis
Zeg­lis statusi, rac didad arTulebda mis dacvasa da srulfa-
sovan Seswavlas, Tumca mis did mxatvrul da istoriul Rirebule-
bas yvela erTxmad aRniSnavda da aRiarebda.50 qarTvel mecnierTa
ZalisxmeviT da kulturis saministros daxmarebiT Senoba kultu-

“Arfa: Gained in Translation”, 135; irina koSoriZe, saqarTvelo-iranis

kulturul urTierTobaTa istoriidan, 157.…
49
Григорий Джаншиев, Перл Кавказа (Боржом-Абастуман). Впечатления и мысли
туриста, Москва, 1900, 82-83. sxvadasxva cnobiT, borjomis „firuze“ 22
nomriani sastumro iyo, romlis nomrebis fasi erTidan aT rublamde
meryeobda. sastumroSi funqcionirebda imave saxelwodebis restorani.
„firuze“ borjomis im respeqtabeluri Senobebis ricxvSi Sedioda,
romlebic im periodSi eleqtroenergiiT sargeblobdnen. am Senobas
101 eleqtronaTura anaTebda (ix.: eka kaWarava, borjomi, 40-42).
50
Irina Koshoridze, “Visual Images of Persian-Georgian Cultural Relations at the Turn of
Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries”, International seminar “Qajar Art – Provenance,
Sources and Influences”, Report, Tbilisi, 2005, 41-51.

50
ruli memkvidreobis ZeglTa nusxaSi Sevida. dRis wesrigSi dadga
Senobidan macxovreblebis gamosaxlebisa da misi restavraciis sa-
kiTxic, Tumca Zeglis ukiduresad mZime mdgomareobis gamo es did
finansur problemebTan iyo dakavSirebuli da im etapze mxolod
qarTul saxelmwifos amis gakeTeba ar SeeZlo.
2005 wlis zafxulSi saqarTvelos erovnul muzeumSi Catarda
islamuri xelovnebis kvireuli, romelsac stumrobda yajaruli
xelovnebis erT-erTi TvalsaCino mkvlevari prof. leila diba,
romelTan erTadac qarTveli mecnierebi gaemgzavrnen borjom-
Si da adgilze kidev erTxel Seecadnen daeTvalierebinaT Seno-
ba, ganesazRvraT misi ZiriTadi stilisturi niSnebi da SeZle-
bisdagvarad waekiTxaT warwerebi, raTa dadgeniliyo gamosaxul
pirTa vinaoba. maT SeZles saxlis Sida nawilebSi SeRwevac, sadac
saocrad mZime mdgomareoba daxvdaT, Tumca maTTvis garkveuli
siurprizi aRmoCnda is, rom aivanze gamavali ori oTaxis Werisa
da buxris moxatulobebi gadarCenili iyo. ZiriTadad, es iyo me-
dalionebSi Casmuli sxvadasxva feris Taigulebisa da borjomis
mineraluri wylebisa da peizaJebis gamosaxulebebi, romlebic
igive koloritiTa da stiliT iyo Sesrulebuli, rogorc aivnis
gare dekoris nawilSi. SesaZloa, es mxatvroba swored pirvande-
li ferweruli Sris nawili yofiliyo, Tumca aSkarad Canda, rom
igi ramdenime adgilas gadaexataT.
`firuzes~ gawmendiTi da sarestavracio-sakonservacio samu-
Saoebi mxolod 2010 wels daiwyo. Zeglis proeqtireba da samu-
SaoTa warmoeba daevala or sxvadasxva uwyebas – saproeqto samu-
Saoebi Sps „arqiteqtorebi ji“-s, xolo Tavad samuSaoTa ganxor-
cieleba – Sps „restavratorebi da kompania“-s. samuSaoebSi Car-
Tuli iyo iranidan mowveul restavratorTa specialuri samka-
ciani jgufi, romelsac yajarul Zeglebze muSaobis gamocdileba
hqonda. yvela samuSao kulturuli memkvidreobis saagentosa da
Tavad saministros zedamxedvelobiT mimdinareobda. samuSaoebs
Tvals aqtiurad adevnebdnen dargSi momuSave mecnierebi da sa-
qarTveloSi iranis islamuri respublikis saelCo. mimdinareobda
molaparakebebi nagebobis nawilis, kerZod, misi yvelaze faseu-
li safasado nawilis muzeumad gadakeTebis Sesaxeb, romelSic
iran-saqarTvelos urTierTobaTa amsaxveli eqspozicia ganTavs-
deboda. am mizniT iranSi specialuri delegacia gaigzavna, raTa

51
moeZiebinaT damatebiTi informacia da SeegrovebinaT masalebi.
samuSaoebi unda dasrulebuliyo 2012 wlis 31 maiss. samwuxa-
rod, es sarestavracio-sakonservacio samuSaoebi ise Sewyda 2011
wlis miwuruls, rom „firuze“ daumTavrebeli darCa, Tumca mox-
da misi mTavari nawilis, aivnisa da misi Sida sivrcis – stukos,
sarkeebiani inkrustaciisa da ferweruli fenebis aRdgena ira-
nidan mowveuli restavratorebis mier. amave jgufma Seasrula
sasadilo oTaxis stukosa da sarkeebiani inkrustaciis aRdgena.
sarestavracio samuSaoebi iranulma jgufma maRalprofesiona-
lur doneze Caatara, gakeTda yvela ferweruli fenis analizi,
aivanze stukos naZerwobidan moixsna feradi saRebavi, radgan
kvlevam aCvena, rom es nawilebi gviandeli damateba iyo. Catare-
bulma sarestavracio-gawmendiTma samuSaoebma aseve gamoavlina
mravali fenis qveS Camaluli warwerebi.
naxevrad restavrirebuli Senoba 2012 wels gaiyida erT-erT
kerZo kompaniaze da mas Semdeg 2015 wlamde TiTqmis araferi
gakeTda, Tumca 2015-2016 wlebSi nagebobis restavracia mTlianad
dasrulda garkveuli cvlilebebiT, kerZod, gauqmda gverdiTi
Sesasvleli, romelic lamazi rkinis kveTili Wviruli ornamen-
tiT iyo Semkuli. Sida sivrceSi gadaitanes mTavari kibe, rome-
lic pirvel da meore sarTuls aerTebda. srulad aRdga Senobis
ukana mxare, romelic dangreuli iyo, restavracia gaukeTda sa-
sadilo oTaxidan Sida ezosa da fasadze gamaval feradi miniT
Sesrulebul fanjrebs. dRes Senoba srulad aRdgenilia da mas
adrindeli, sastumros funqcia daubrunda.
2016 wlis 28 seqtembers borjomSi oficialurad gaixsna isto-
riuli „firuzes“ ganaxlebul-restavrirebul SenobaSi ganTavse-
buli axali sastumro „Golden Tulip Borjomi“. sastumros operire-
bas gauwevs kompania „Golden Tulip“, romelic „Louvre Hotels Group“-is
qselSi Sedis. amJamad es sastumro aris 16 nomriani (2 luqsi da
14 standartuli nomeri). sastumros momsaxurebaSi Sedis resto-
rani, fitnes darbazi, auzi, sauna, saproceduro kabineti, sadac
Catardeba masaJis garda samkurnalo procedurebi borjomis mi-
neraluri wylebis gamoyenebiT. Senobis ganaxleba-rekonstruqcia
moxda im aucilebeli pirobebis gaTvaliwinebiT, romelTa sa-
SualebiTac mas SeunarCunda istoriuli iersaxe da kulturuli
Rirebuleba.

52
sastumro `firuze~, 1900 (g. janSievis foto)

sastumro `firuze~, 2003

53
`firuzes~ sarestavracio samuSaoebi, 2010-11

54
`firuze~, 2016

55
Sida ezo da aivani

56
rkinis aivani mirza reza xanis monogramiT

57
sarkeebiani aivani

Sida kibe

58
sarkeebiani aivani `lomisa da mzis~ emblemiT

59
sarkeebiani aivani

60
oTaxis Weris moxatuloba

dekoratiuli
medalionebi
borjomis
xedebiT
61
sasadilo oTaxi
62
`lomisa da mzis~ emblema

mirza reza xanis monograma

63
 `firuzes~ fasadis poeturi warwerebi

64
65
 `firuzes~ fasadis poeturi warwerebi

66
`firuzes~ mxatvris mirza mohamad yazvinis warwera

sarkeebiani aivnis portretebis galerea

67
sarkeebiani aivnis Weri

iranis xelmwifis naser ad-din Sahis (1848-1896) portreti

68
iranis taxtis memkvidris ufliswul mozafar ad-din mirzas portreti

iranis premier-ministris mirza ali asyar xan amin as-solTanis

portreti

69
arfa ad-doules portreti, 1893/94

arfa ad-doules portreti, 1891/92

70
 Tbilisis `almasis sasaxle~

borjomSi mSeneblobebis dasrulebis Semdeg mirza reza xanma

gadawyvita TbilisSi sakonsulo aeSenebina. rogorc misi mogone-
bebidan Cans, mas gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli gancxadebis safuZvelze
germaneli inJinrisgan SeuZenia saxli, romelic misive aSenebu-
li iyo da axla Tbilisidan gamgzavrebasTan dakavSirebiT yidda.
saxli or, erTmaneTTan ezoTi dakavSirebul Senobas aerTianebda.
iraneli diplomatis gadawyvetilebiT saxli aRmosavlur yaidaze
gadaakeTes, risTvisac man italieli qvismTlelebi da iraneli
interieris dekoratorebi moiwvia. sainteresoa, rom sparsuli
dekori aqac `firuzes~ sasaxlis yazvinel ostats mirza mohamad
nayaS yazvinis Seusrulebia.51
TbilisSi iranis generaluri konsulis es yofili rezidencia
orsarTuliani evropuli tipis Senobaa barokaluri, klasicistu-
ri da art-nuvos arqiteqturis elementebiT, rkinis gadaxuruli
konstruqciiT aqcentirebuli mTavari SesasvleliT, romelic
quCaze gamodis da romlis Wvirul dekorSi art-nuvos stilis
elementebi Warbobs. mTavari SesasvleliT farTo, mrgvali for-
mis sivrceSi SevdivarT, romlis Weri dekorirebulia evropu-
li stilis, TabaSiris gaferadebuli reliefuri girliandebiT,
romlebic buTasa da yvavilovan motivebTan aris gadawnuli. is-
lamuri arqiteqturuli dekoris elementebi – TabaSiris relie-
furi, moxatuli stalaqtitebi saxlis fasadis karnizs Semouyve-
ba, xolo sadarbazos mTavari karis rkinis ornamentul kveTaSi
Cawnulia medalionebi sparsuli warwerebiT. saxlis marjvena
mxares aris Rrma portali („aivan“), romelic ezoSi Sesasvleli
sazeimo karis funqcias asrulebda. masze damagrebulia Wviru-
lad ornamentirebuli rkinis ori kari, romlis morTulobaSi
aseve Cawnulia ovaluri formis medalionebi sparsuli warwe-
rebiT. saxlis sadarbazo karisa da ezos Sesasvleli karis meda-
lionebis warweraSi moxseniebulia mirza reza xani. aivnis Sida
zedapiri dafarulia TabaSiris reliefuri gamosaxulebebiT

Khaterat-e Perens Arfa‘, 321; saqarTvelo yajarTa periodis sparsul wyar-

51

oebSi, 335; marina aleqsiZe, `mirza reza xanis `almasis sasaxle~ Tbi-
lisSi~, 141.

71
(larnakebidan amozrdili yvavilebis ylortebi).52 es motivebi
stilisturad Zalze axloa borjomis „firuzes“ saxlis dekora-
tiul motivebTan, rac ar aris gasakviri, radgan, rogorc ukve
aRiniSna, mirza reza xans saxlis aRmosavlur yaidze mosawyobad
igive yazvineli ostati mouwvevia.
swored evropuli da islamuri elementebis ostaturi Sezave-
bis wyalobiT saxlma gamorCeuli da Zalze mimzidveli saxe mii-
Ro.53 masSi evropul mxatvrul elementebs ostaturad erwymis
aRmosavluri stukosa da sarkeebis dekori. evropuli da aRmo-
savluri motivebis sinTezi Senobis interierSic Cans – aq Ta-
naarsebobs erTi mxriv, evropuli ovaluri vestibiuli da qalis
Tavis naZerwi gamosaxulebebi da meore mxriv, zogierTi oTaxis
stukos teqnikiT Sesrulebuli plafoni, sarkis inkrustaciebi
da darbazis WerSi eqvswaxnaga da rvawaxnaga figurebis moxatu-
loba, romlisTvisac, mirza reza xanis cnobiT, iranelma ostate-
bma parizSi dabeWdili `aTas erTi Ramis~ wignis ilustraciebi
gamoiyenes54. saxlis sadarbazos karis cxaursa da rkinis aJurul
WiSkrebSi Caqsovil sparsul warwerebSi, rogorc iTqva, iranis
generaluri konsulis mirza reza xanis saxeli ikiTxeba.

52
irina koSoriZe, saqarTvelo-iranis kulturul urTierTobaTa isto­
riidan, 162-164, 216, 182, 216.
53
am saxlis Sesaxeb (misi aSenebis istoria, arqiteqtura, dekori),
romelic dResac arsebobs (WonqaZis q. # 11) da XIX saukunis miwuru-
lis Tbilisuri arqiteqturis erT-erT sayuradRebo nimuSad iTvle-
ba, ix.: Tbilisi, saqarTvelos Zveli qalaqebi, Tbilisi, 2006, 140; Maia
Mania, Architectural Walks of Old Tbilisi: Fourteen Routes, Tbilisi, 2008, 156; irina
koSoriZe, saqarTvelo-iranis kulturul urTierTobaTa istoriidan,
162-164, 182 (il. 49), 216 (sur. 112-115); marina aleqsiZe, `mirza reza xanis
`almasis sasaxle~ TbilisSi~, 140-145; naTia demuriSvili, muslimuri
xuroTmoZRvruli Zeglebi saqarTveloSi, 28; Tea inasariZe, `firuza~
da sparseTis konsulis saxli WonqaZis quCaze~, da qali, Tbilisi, 2012,
№ 9, 88-89; cira elisaSvili, `almasis sasaxle~ – sparseTis generaluri
konsulis sacxovrebeli saxli~, liberali, № 154, Tbilisi, 2014, 68-71.
54
Khaterat-e Perens Arfa‘, 321; saqarTvelo yajarTa periodis sparsul wya­
ro­ebSi, 335.

72
 droTa ganmavlobaSi mTlianad ganadgurda sasaxlis ezos
arqiteqturuli gaformeba, Tumca cnobebs mis Sesaxeb mirza
reza xanis mogonebebSi vpoulobT. sasaxlis baRSi ori auzi iyo
mowyobili: erTi, eqvswaxnaga – baRis centrSi, xolo meore, mar-
marilos patara auzi – Senobis win. es ukanaskneli italieli
ostatebis mier iyo gakeTebuli da mis larnaks Sampanuris Wiqis
moyvaniloba hqonda. larnakidan ganuwyvetliv gadmosCqefda wya-
li, romelic marmarilos auzSi iRvreboda da iqidan yvavilnarze
gadadioda.
radgan Senobis interieris sarkis inkrustaciebi almasisgan
gakeTebuls hgavda, im dros TbilisSi myofma iranelma eqimma da
poetma mirza ‘ali xan la‘lim (1845-1907) mas `almasis sasaxle~
uwoda. la‘lisve ekuTvnis saxlis sadarbazos karis cxaursa da
fasadis fanjrebis Tavze amokveTili sparsuli warwerebi – poe-
turi qronogramebi, romlebSic sasaxlis aSenebis TariRia dafa-
ruli. pirveli qronograma dubeiTis saleqso formiT aris dawe-
rili:

`daneSis sasaxlis TariRis ZiebaSi,

verafers miagno am didbunovanma,
sanam samoTxes rva ar miumata,
maSin aRimarTa almasis sasaxle~55.

sakvanZo sityvebi aq mocemulia meore beiTis bolo fraza-

Si – `aRimarTa almasis sasaxle~ ( ‫) ﻣﺸﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ اﺳﺎس ﻗﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﺎس‬, rome-
lic qronogramis gasaRebs warmoadgens. am sityvebis Semadgeneli
asoebis ricxviTi mniSvnelobebis jami abjadis sistemiT 1302-ia.
Tu amas davumatebT meore beiTis pirvel nawilSi naxseneb rvas,
miviRebT 1310-s. maSasadame, qronogramaSi amoicnoba TariRi
– muslimuri mTvaris hijris 1310 weli (qristianuli welTaR-
ricxviT 1892/93 w.),56 rac `almasis sasaxlis~ aSenebis welia.

55
Khaterat-e Perens Arfa‘, 321; saqarTvelo yajarTa periodis sparsul wya­
ro­ebSi, 336.
56
Pmuslimuri mTvaris hijris 1310 weli Seesabameba Cveni welTaRricxviT
1892/93 wels, ufro zustad ki periods: 1892 wlis 26 ivlisi - 1893 wlis
14 ivlisi.

73
 Mmeore poeturi qronograma quCaze gamavali fanjris Tavze
amotvifrul Semdeg eqvsbeiTian leqsSia mocemuli:

`ra mSvenieria es sefe, romelic mxatvris kalamma

arJangisa57 da saxarebis suraTebiT moxata.
tirifisa da nuSis xeebis CrdilSi auzebi mimalula,
maTze qarma vardis furclebi mimofanta.
am kar-midamosa da daneSis didebulebis aRweraSi
davSvri da Zala gamomelia.
mis diad bunebasTan SedarebiT Rrubeli da zRva ra aris?
RvTiv boZebulia misi dRiTi-dRe mzardi sidiade.
vuTxari: hoi, nebiero, TariRi eZie.
miTxra qaragma, romelsac qvemoT amovxsni:
cxras nu miuwer im qaragmis margalits, romelic la‘lim
aasxa,
ra mSvenieria, zurmuxtisfer budeSi [Casmuli] almasis
sasaxle~58.

mirza reza xanis memuarebidan vigebT, rom `almasis sasaxlis~

oficialuri gaxsna man naser ad-din Sahis dabadebis dRes – 16
ivliss daamTxvia da axlad gaxsnil sakonsuloSi grandiozuli
zeimi gamarTa. generaluri konsulis brZanebiT, zeimisTvis mar-
marilos auzis Sadrevani ise moawyves, rom iqidan wylis nacvlad
kaxur wiTel Rvinos edina, raTa stumrebs Rvino pirdapir au-
zidan daeliaT. amisTvis auzis oTxsave mxares akaciis yvavilis
formis xis brjenebi daamagres da zed uzarmazari govza moaTa-
vses, romelSic oTx aTasamde boTli Rvino eteoda. govza kau-
Cukis milebiT Sadrevnis mils uerTdeboda da rogorc ki onkans
gaxsnidi, auzi RviniT ivseboda.

57
arJangi iyo maniqevelTa wminda wigni, mdidrulad ilustrirebuli
winaswarmetyvel manis mier. sparsul poeziaSi `arJangi~ srulyofili
silamazis metaforaa. is aseve ixmareba mxatvrobis nimuSTa krebulis
mniSvnelobiT.
58
Khaterat-e Perens Arfa‘, 321; saqarTvelo yajarTa periodis sparsul wy-
aroebSi, 336.

74
 1893 wlis 16 ivlisis saRamos iranis sakonsulo sadResaswau-
lod gamoiyureboda: auzis mimdebare ezo, xeebis Zirebi da brje­
nebi sxvadasxvaferi yvavilebiT iyo morTuli. haerSi asobiT Ci-
nuri da iaponuri farani ekida da auzsa da masSi wiTlad moli-
vlive Rvinos anaTebda. mTawmindaze, sakonsulos mopirdapire
mxares feierverki moewyo, romelmac am zeims kidev ufro meti
brwyinvaleba Sehmata. oTaxebi da ezo adgilobrivi didgvarovani
qalebiTa da kacebiT da TbilisSi mcxovrebi iranelebiT iyo sav­
se. auzis garSemo oficiantebi vercxlis TasebiT xelSi idgnen
da stumrebs RviniT umaspinZldebodnen. saRamoze mTavarmarTe-
blis samxedro orkestri da iraneli musikosis abd al-bayi yara-
baRis aRmosavluri ansambli ukravda. sanaxaoba imdenad STambeW-
davi iyo, rom wveulebiT moxiblul Tbilisis gubernator giorgi
ServaSiZes mirza reza xanisTvis uTqvams: `am saRamos Tqven me
muslimad maqcieT... Tqveni winaswarmetyvelis samoTxis aRwera
leqsebSi wakiTxuli mqonda, magram misi arseboba ar mjeroda, am
saRamos ki virwmune, rom muhamedis dapirebuli samoTxe marTlac
arsebobs da is aqaurobis msgavsi iqneba~59.
mirza reza xans sakonsulos SenobaSi mdidari biblioTeka
da koleqciac hqonda, ris Sesaxebac 1892 wels TbilisSi Camosu-
li frangi mogzauri karl lefevr-pontalisi mogviTxrobs.60 am
mxriv sagulisxmo konkretuli informacia moipoveba kavkasiis
muzeumis direqtoris gustav rades (1831-1903) CanawerebSi muzeu-
mis mokle istoriis Sesaxeb. saxeldobr, muzeumis saCuqrebis
ganyofilebaze msjelobisas avtori aRniSnavs, rom mirza reza
xanma kavkasiis muzeums sparsuli xelnawerebis nimuSebi gadas-
ca, da iqve dasZens: `misma udidebulesobam, iranis generalurma
konsulma TbilisSi damaTvalierebina Tavisi mSvenieri instala-
ciebi (rogorc Cans, igulisxmeba interierebi) da Tavisi mdidari

59
Khaterat-e Perens Arfa‘, 323; saqarTvelo yajarTa periodis sparsul wy-
aroebSi, 338.
60
Carle Lefèvre-Pontalis, De Tiflis à Persépolis, Paris, 1894, 11: ” S.E. le général Riza
Mirza Khan, consul général de Perse á Tiflis, qui me fit les honneurs de sa belle in­
stallation et de ses riches collections”.

75
koleqciebi~.61 samwuxarod, mirza reza xanis arc saxls da arc mis
mdidrul koleqcias pirvandeli saxiT ar mouRwevia. Mmisi koleq-
ciis Sesaxeb CvenTvis mxolod is aris cnobili, rom mogvianebiT
es koleqcia, rogorc zemoT ukve iTqva, monakoSi misi sasaxlis
darbazebSi mowyobil e.w. `mSvidobis galereaSi~ ganTavsda da
droTa ganmavlobaSi kidev ufro Seivso da gamdidrda.

Густав Радде, Краткий очерк истории развития Кавказского Музея в первые

61

25 лет существования, Тифлис, 1891, 17. britaneli mwerali, mecnieri da

mogzauri eduard breili hojetsi (1859-1932), romelsac 1895 wels
TbilisSi yofnisas saqmiani Sexvedra hqonda mirza reza xanTan missa-
ve sakonsulo rezidenciaSi, sagangebod aRniSnavs, rom es iraneli di-
plomati brwyinvaled iyo mowyobili Tavis am sasaxleSi. QsxvaTa Soris,
es britaneli avtori, romelic sakmaod nawyeni iyo imiT, rom iranis
sakonsuloSi mas uCveulod didi Tanxa daujda sasurveli vizis mi-
Reba, iranel konsuls „eSmak aRmosavlel diplomatad“ moixseniebs,
mis im sasaxle-rezidencias ki, sadac is B`brwyinvaled iyo mowyobili“,
ironiulad „birmingemisebrs“ (anu „iaffasians“, „imitaciurs“) uwo-
debs (SegaxsenebT, rom qalaqi birmingemi XVIII-XIX saukuneebSi, sxva
ramesTan erTad, Zvirfasi nawarmis replika-imitaciebisa da sxvadasx-
va iaffasiani saqonlis damzadebiTac iyo cnobili); ix.: Edward Arthur
Brayley Hodgetts, Round about Armenia: The Record of a Journey across the Balkans
through Turkey, the Caucasus, and Persia in 1895, London, 1896, 56; “These willy
Oriental diplomatist, who has since been promoted to St. Petersburg, receive me with
fitting dignity. He was magnificently installed in a sort of brummagem palace”. zemox-
senebuli e. breili hojetsi imasac wers, rom imxanad mirza reza xans
didi survili hqonda colad SeerTo cnobili amerikeli primadona ni-
kita, romelic TbilisSi gaicno, sadac is gastrolebze iyo Camosuli
da koncertebs marTavda (iqve, 56).

76
`almasis sasaxle~ (Tbilisi, WonqaZis quCa 11), 2016

77
sadarbazos karis cxauri mirza reza xanis monogramiT

78
rkinis aJuruli WiSkari

79
 rkinis WiSkris
detali

stalaqtituri
karnizi
80
ezos portalis Semkuloba

Semkulobis
detali
81
sadarbazos Weri stukos teqnikiT Sesrulebuli
plafoni

darbazis Weris moxatuloba `aTas erT Ramis~ ilustraciebiT

82
 Bbibliografia

mirza reza xan arfa‘ ad-doules Txzulebebi

(teqstebi da Targmanebi):
„princ arfa‘s mogonebebi“, wignSi: saqarTvelo yajarTa periodis
sparsul wyaroebSi (samogzauro da memuaruli literatura), kre-
buli Seadgina, teqstebi sparsulidan Targmna, Sesavali werili
da komentarebi daurTo marina aleqsiZem, Tbilisi, 2016, 302-340.
Alphabet Rushdie, Constantinople (Istanbul), 1879 (Tiflis, 1882).
Paroles en français pour l’hymne national persan, Tiflis, 1882.
Muntakhabi Daniche, Constantinople (Istanbul), 1891.
Muntakhabi Daniche de Mirza-Riza-Khan, Traduit par L. de Djervis, Tiflis, 1892.
Mémoires de Mirza-Riza-Khan Daniche, Aide de camp general de Sa Majeste Im-
periale Le Schah de Perse, Tiflis, 1893.
Мемуары Мирза-Риза-Хана Даниш, Генерал-Адъютанта Его Величества Шаха
Персидского, Тифлис, 1894.
Mémoires de Mirza-Riza-Khan Daniche, Arfa-ud-Dovleh, St. Petersburg, 1900.
Poésies de Prince Mirza-Riza-Khan Daniche Arfa-ud-Dovleh, St. Pétersbourg, 1900.
Quelques Lettres, Stockholm, 1900.
Secret de longévite, Constantinople (Istanbul), 1900.
Masnavi-ye Tul-e ‘Omr, Istanbul, 1320/1903 (Tehran, 1314 sh./1935).
Gouhar-e Khavari, Constantinople (Istanbul), 1903 (repr. 1907, 1909).
Ode à la paix, Constantinople (Istanbul), 1903.
Échos de la Conférence de La Haye, par le Prince Arfa-ud-Dovleh, Mirza Riza
Khan Daniche, Ambassadeur de Perse à Constantinople, Ex-Envoye Extraordi­
naire et Ministre Plénipotentiare à St. Pétersbourg, Adaptation en vers français
de l’original persan, Bruxelles, 1903.
Perles d’Orient, par le Prince Arfa-ud-Dovleh, Mirza Riza Khan Danich, ambassa-
deur de Perse à Constantinople, Constantinople (Istanbul), 1904 (Paris, 1905).
Armaghan-e mohaqqar-e Danesh, Monaku 1337 / Poésie et Art Persans à Monaco
(1910-1919), Monte Carlo, 1919.
Poesie et Art Persans à Monaco (1910-1919), Monte Carlo, 1919.

83
Iran-e diruz ( Khaterat-e Perens Arfa‘), Tehran, 1345/1966 (Tehran, 1354/1975).
Khaterat-e Perens Arfa‘, be kushesh-e ‘Ali Dehbashi, Tehran, 1378/1999.
Prince Arfa, Memories of a Bygone Age: Qajar Persia and Imperial Russia 1853-
1902, translated and edited by Michael Noël-Clarke, Gingko Library: London,
2016.
The Prince Who Spoke for Persia: The Memoirs of Arfa in Qajar Iran, edited and
translated by Michael Noël-Clarke, I.B.Tauris & Co. Ltd, 2017 (forthcoming).

wyaroebi, samecniero literatura da sxva publikaciebi:

S. adli, `qarTuli da aRmosavluri ferwera S. amiranaSvilis saxe­
lobis saqarTvelos xelovnebis muzeumSi (gamokvlevebi Ca­ tarda
a. Dda Dan. Ggrigoliebis, m. fridmanisa da n. hoseinis xel­SewyobiT)~,
narkvevebi, t. 7, S. amiranaSvilis saxelobis saqar­ Tvelos xelo-
vnebis muzeumi, Tbilisi, 2001, 94-106.
m. aleqsiZe, sparselebi da sparsuli kultura XIX saukunis saqarT-
veloSi, Tbilisi, 2009.
m. aleqsiZe, `mirza reza xan arfa‘ ad-doules `almasis sasaxle~ Tbi-
lisSi~, aRmosavleTmcodneoba, #2, Tbilisi, 2013, 140-145.
m. aleqsiZe, `mirza reza xan arfa‘ ad-doule da misi mogonebebi~,
wignSi: saqarTvelo yajarTa periodis sparsul wyaroebSi (samo-
gzauro da memuaruli literatura), krebuli Seadgina, teqstebi
sparsulidan Targmna, Sesavali werili da komentarebi daurTo
marina aleqsiZem, Tbilisi, 2016, 299-301.
m. aleqsiZe, g. beraZe, i. koSoriZe, `diplomatia, arqiteqtura da poe-
zia: mirza reza xan arfa‘ ad-doule da saqarTvelo~, moxseneba,
wakiTxuli ilias saxelmwifo universitetis g. wereTlis aRmo-
savleTmcodneobis institutis samecniero konferenciaze `axlo
aRmosavleTi da saqarTvelo~, 16-17 dekemberi, 2016 (gadacemulia
gamosaqveyneblad).
g. beraZe, `borjomis `firuze~ (sparsuli da arabuli warwerebi)~,
Tbilisi, 2012 (xelnaweri).
v. beriZe, Tbilisis xuroTmoZRvreba 1801-1917ww, t. II, Tbilisi, 1963.
n. demuriSvili, muslimuri xuroTmoZRvruli Zeglebi saqarTvelo-
Si, (muslimuri arqiteqturis ganviTarebis tendenciebi saqarT-
veloSi XX-XXI saukuneebis mijnaze), Tbilisi, 2010.
c. elisaSvili, `almasis sasaxle~ – sparseTis generaluri konsulis
sacxovrebeli saxli~, liberali, #154, Tbilisi, 2014, 68-71.

84
Tbilisi, saqarTvelos Zveli qalaqebi, Tbilisi, 2006.
T. inasariZe, `firuza” da sparseTis konsulis saxli WonqaZis qu-
Caze”, da qali, Tbilisi, 2012, № 9, 88-89.
T. inasariZe, `Zveli Senobebis saidumlo”, kviris palitra, Tbilisi,
2016, # 2 (1119), 14-15.
e. kaWarava, borjomi, Tbilisi, 2015.
i. koSoriZe, saqarTvelo-iranis kulturul urTierTobaTa istorii-
dan. arqiteqtura da saxviTi xelovneba, XVI-XIX saukuneebi, Tbi-
lisi, 2011.
majd-os-saltane, qalaq Tbilisis aRwera, teqsti gamosacemad moam-
zada, Targmani da komentarebi daurTo maia mamacaSvilma, Tbi-
lisi, 1971.
Ch. Adle, “Archéologie et arts du monde iranien, de l`Inde musulmane et du
Caucase d`après quelques recherches récentes de terrain, 1984-1995; Peintures
géorgiennes et peintures oriental, Musée Géorgien d’Art Chalva Amiranashvili
á Tbilissi”, Comptes Rendus, Académie des Inscriptions & Belles-lettres, Paris,
1996, 315-376.
K. ‘Adle, “Safarname-ye Gorjestan”, Ruzname-ye Sharq, No. 1284, Tehran,
1390/2011, 20 (http://www.magiran.com/npview.asp?ID=2309440); No. 1301,
Tehran, 1390/2011, 20 (http:// www.magiran.com/npview.asp?ID=2322589).
Abu al-Hasan ‘Alavi Razavi, Rejal-e ‘asr-e Mashrutiyat, be-kushesh-e Habib
Yaghma’i va Iraj Afshar, Tehran, 1363/1984.
M. Alexidze, “Persians in Georgia (1801-1921)”, Journal of Persianate Studies, Vol.
1, No.2, Brill: Leiden & Boston, 2008, 254-260.
M. Alexidze, “Le cheikh Sana‘an et Tiflis/Tbilissi”, La Géorgie entre Perse et
Europe, Sous la direction de Florence Hellot-Bellier et Irène Natchkebia, Paris,
2009, 73-85.
M. Alexidze, Georgia and the Muslim East in the Nineteenth Century: Studies in
the History of Culture, Religion, and Life, Tbilisi, 2011.
H. Algar, “Malkum Khan, Akhundzada and the Proposed Reform of the Arabic
Alphabet”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1969, 116-130.
H. Algar, Mirza Malkum Khan: A Biographical Study in Iranian Modernism,
University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1973.
A. Amanat, “Amin-al-Soltan, Aqa Ebrahim (d. 1300/1882-83)”, Encyclopaedia
Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 9, New York, 1989, 949-951.
B. ‘Aqeli, Sharh-e hal-e rejal-e siyasi va nezami-ye mo‘aser-e Iran, Vol. I, Tehran,
1380/2001.
General H. Arfa, Under Five Shahs, London, 1964 (New York, 1965).

85
Asar-e Aferinan: Zendegani-ye nam-avaran-e farhangi-ye Iran az aghaz ta sal-e
1300 hejri-ye shamsi, ed. Mohammad Reza Nasiri, Vol. I, Tehran, 1384/2005.
F. Azimi, “Arfa‘, Ḥasan”, Encyclopaedia Iranica, ed. Ehsan Yarshater, Vol. II, Fasc.
4, New York, 1986, pp. 394-395.
M. Bamdad, Sharh-e hal-e rejal-e Iran dar qarn-e 12 va 13 va 14 hejri, Vol. I, Tehran,
1347/1968; Vol. II, Tehran, 1347/1968.
M. E. Bastani Parizi, “Az Marv ta Monaco”, Rahnema-ye Ketab, Zamime-ye
shomareha-ye 10, 11 va 12-e jeld-e panzdahom, Tehran, 1351/1972, 1-52.
M. E. Bastani Parizi, Ezhdeha-ye haft-sar (Rah-e abrisham), Tehran, 1353/1974
(repr. 1395/2016).
G. Beradze, “Among the Chosen Cities: Tbilisi in the Shi’i Tradition”, Journal
of Persianate Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2, Brill: Leiden & Boston, 2008, 206-217.
J. W. Bookwalter, Siberia and Central Asia, Springfield, Ohio, 1899.
S. M. B. Borqe‘ i, Sokhanvaran-e nami-ye mo‘aser-e Iran, Vol. 2, Qom, 1391/2012.
E. A. Brayley Hodgetts, Round about Armenia: The Record of a Journey across
the Balkans through Turkey, the Caucasus, and Persia in 1895, London, 1896.
J. Calmard, “Atabek-e A‘zam, Amin-al-Soltan”, Encyclopaedia Iranica, ed. Ehsan
Yarshater, Vol. II, Fasc. 8, New York, 1987, 878-890.
George P. Churchill, Farhang-e rejal-e Qajar, tarjome va ta’lif: Gholamhosayn
Mirza Saleh, Tehran, 1369/1990.
Ənvər Çingizoğlu, Qacarlar dövrünün diplomatları, Baku, 2012.
‘A. Dehbashi, “Moqaddame”, wignSi: Khaterat-e Perens Arfa‘, be kushesh-e ‘Ali
Dehbashi, Tehran, 1378/1999, 7-17.
F. Diba, “Arfa: Gained in Translation”, Qajar Studies, Journal of the International
Qajar Studies Association, Vol.7, Rotterdam/Gronsveld/Santa Barbara/Tehran,
2007, 127-151.
F. Diba, “Tabriz in Monaco: More on Prince Arfa‘s Villa”, The Iranian, 12
December, 2003 (http://iranian.com/History/2003/December/Danesh/index.html).
Dictionaire biographique international des écrivains, Publié par Henry Carnoy, Vol.
1-4, Georg Olms Verlag: Hildesheim-Zürich-New York, 1987, 146-148 (1900-
1905 wlebis publikaciis reprinti).
Yahya Doulatabadi, Hayat-e Yahya, 4 vols., Tehran, 1362/1983.
Dovvomin Safarname-ye Mozaffar al-Din Shah be Farang, be-tahrir-e Fakhr al-
Molk, Tehran, 1362/1983.
M. M. Eskandari-Qajar, “Villa Danesh. Mystery solved: Prince Arfa‘s house in Monte
Carlo”, The Iranian, 21 November, 2003 (http://iranian.com/EskandariQajar/2003/
November/ Arfa/ ).

86
 K. Eslami, “‘Ala’ al-Mulk, Mirza Mahmud Khan”, Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE,
2009 (http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/ala-
al-mulk-mirza-mahmud-khan-COM_23190).
Mohammad Baqer E‘temad al-Saltane, “Jenab-e mostatab-e ashraf Perens Arfa‘ al-
Doule safir-e kabir”, Sharafat, No. 56, Jumada I, 1319, Tehran, 1319/1901,
231-234.
A. Eyffinger, The 1899 Hague Peace Conference: ‘The Parliament of Man, The
Federation of the World’, The Hague/London/Boston, 1999.
B. G. Fragner, Persische Memoirenliteratur als Quelle zur neueren Geschichte Irans,
Wiesbaden, 1979.
N. Gengiuri, “Persian Consul’s Architectural Leftovers in Georgia: Mirza Reza Khan
Villa Forouzi in Borjomi”, The Seventh Biennial Convention of the Association
for the Study of Persianate Societies (September 8-11, 2015, Istanbul, Turkey),
Abstracts, Istanbul, 215, 58-59.
“Gozide-ye asnad”, Ganjine-ye Asnad, No. 10-11, Tehran, 1372/1993, 107-122 (gan­
sakuTrebiT: 116-122).
‘A. Hasani, “Rabete-ye jonbesh-e eslah-e khatt ba zamineha-ye fekri-ye Mashrutiyat
dar Iran”, Barrasi-ye mabani-ye fekri va ejtema‘i-ye Mashrutiyat-e Iran, Tehran,
1382/2003, 172-191.
F. Hashabeiky, Persian Orthography: Modification or Changeover? (1850-2000),
Stockholm, 2005 (Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Studia Iranica Upsaliensia, 7;
ix.: http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:166375/FULLTEXT01.pdf).
H. Hashemiyan, “Shajare-ye khanedan-e Tabataba’i Diba”, Payam-e Baharestan, Vol.
IV, No. 14, Tehran, 1390/2011, 1531-1550.
Mehdiqoli Khan Hedayat, Khaterat va khatarat, Tehran, 1344/1965.
“Iran – nakhostin pishnehadkonande-ye Esperanto be Jame‘e-ye Melal”, Payam-e
Sabzandishan, Vol. III, No. 7, Tehran, 1383/2004, 5-8 (http://www.espero.ir/
revuo/ irana_esperantisto_07.pdf ).
KKhaterat-e Ehtesham as-Saltane, be-kushesh-e Sayyed Mohammad Mehdi Mousavi,
Tehran, 1392/2013, 195-196, 405-407.
‘A. Khayampur, Farhang-e sokhanvaran, Vol. I, Tehran, 1368/1989.
I. Koshoridze, “Visual Images of Persian-Georgian Cultural Relations at the Turn
of Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries”, International seminar “Qajar Art –
Provenane, Sources and Influances”, Report, Tbilisi, 2005, 41-51.
I. Koshoridze, “L’art “Oriental” en Géorgie. Architecture et peintures à l’huile
(Époque des Qadjars)”, La Géorgie entre Perse et Europe, Sous la direction
de Florence Hellot-Bellier et Irène Natchkebia, Paris, 2009, 143-154.

87
H.-E. Lazard, D. Riòddá Khãan, Son altesse le prince Arfa-ud-Dovleh Mirza Riza
Khan Danisch et l’opinion publique, Arlon, Goetz, 1904.
C. Lefèvre-Pontalis, De Tiflis à Persépolis, Paris, 1894.
F. Machalski, La Litterature de L’Iran Contemporain, I, La poesie persane de
l’epoque du “reveil des Iraniens” jusqu’au coup d’etat de Reza Khan (environ
1880-1921), Wroclaw/Warszawa/Krakow, 1965.
H. Mahbubi Ardakani, “Iran-e diruz”, Rahnema-ye ketab, Vol. 10, No. 5, Tehran,
1346/1968, 487-493.
H. Mahbubi Ardakani, “ ‘Alā’-al-Molk”, Encyclopaedia Iranica, ed. by Ehsan
Yarshater, 1984 (http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ala-al-molk-mirza-mahmud-
khan-diba-son-of-mirza-ali-asgar-mostawfi-governor-and-minister-in-the-later-
qajar).
Ahmad Khan Malek Sasani, Yadbudha-ye safarat-e Estanbul, Tehran, 1386/2007,
274-279.
M. Mania, Architectural Walks of Old Tbilisi: Fourteen Routes, Tbilisi, 2008.
F. Mansouri, “Home of the unknwn”, The Iranian, 15 November, 2003 (http://
iranian.com/ Travelers/2003/November/MonteCarlo/index.html).
“Maqbare-ye Sheybani: Perens Arfa‘ al-Doule”, Armaghan, Vol. XI, No. 1, Tehran,
1309/1930, 40-41.
Edison Mariotti, “Mirza Riza Khan’s house in Tbilisi, Persian style turquoise / Casa
de Mirza Riza Khan em Tbilisi, estilo persa turquesa”, 3 July 2016 (http://
museu2009.blogspot. com/2016/ 07/mirza-riza-khans-house-in-tbilisi.html).
Dust‘ali Khan Mo‘ayyar al-Mamalek, “Rejal-e ‘asr-e Naseri”, Yaghma, Tehran,
1336/1957, No. 8, 361-368; No. 9, 422-429; No. 10, 465-471.
F. Mo‘ezzi, “Perens Arfa‘ al-Doule”, Mo’ssese-ye Motale‘at-e Tarikh-e Mo‘aser-e
Iran (http://iichs.org/index.asp?id=495&doc_cat=7).
F. Moezzi, “Prince Arfa-od-dowle”, Institute for Iranian Contemporary Historical
Studies (http://iichs.org/index_en.asp?id=651&doc_cat=16 ).
M. Mojtahedi, Rejal-e Azerbaijan dar ‘asr-e Mashrutiyat, be-kushesh-e Gholamreza
Tabataba’i Majd, Tehran, 1381/2002.
Mirza Mehdi Khan Momtahen ad-Doule Shaqaqi va Mirza Hashem Khan, Rejal-e
vezarat-e khareje dar ‘asr-e Naseri va Mozaffari, be-kushesh-e Iraj Afshar,
Tehran, 1365/1986, 105-107 (“Mirza Reza Khan [Arfa‘ al-Doule]”).
Montakhab az majmu‘e-ye bayanat-e Sheybani, bar hasb-e eshare-ye Amir al-
Omara’ al-‘Azam, Sarkar Mirza Reza Khan Mo‘in al-Vezare, Jeneral Ajudan-e
Makhsus-e Hozur-e Homayun, Jeneral Qonsul-e Doulat-e ‘Aliye-ye Iran moqim-e
Teflis, Istanbul, 1308/1890-91.

88
H. Morselvand, Zendeginame-ye rejal va mashahir-e Iran (1299-1320 h. sh.), 5
vols, Vol. I, Tehran, 1376/1997.
Kh. Moshar, Mo’alefin-e kotob-e chapi-ye Farsi va ‘Arabi az aghaz-e chap ta
konun, Vol. III, Tehran, 1341/1962.
‘Abdallah Mostoufi, Sharh-e zendegani-ye man ya tarikh-e ejtema‘i va edari-ye
doure-ye Qajariye az saltanat-e Mozaffar ad-Din Shah ta qarardad-e Vosuq
ad-Doule ba Englis, Vol. II, Tehran, 1384/2005.
“Nomination Database: Prince Arfa Mirza Riza Khan”, Nobelprize.org, The Official
Web Site of the Noble Prize (http://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/
show_people.php?id =6319).
“Perens Arfa‘ “ (https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/ ‫) ﭘﺮﻧﺲ_ارﻓﻊ‬.
“Perens Arfa‘ al-Doule” (http://vista.ir/article/72361/).
“Perens Arfa‘ al-Doule Danesh” (http://farhangsara.com/fnamdaran_iran_prince.htm).
“Perens Mirza Reza Khan Arfa‘ ” (http://m-hosseini.ir/ghajar/articles-13/1207.pdf).
“Prince Mirza Reza Khan Arfa’ed-Dowleh” (http://www.qajarpages.org/arfaed­dowleh.
htm/).
The Proceedings of the Hague Peace Conferences: The Conference of 1899, ed.
James Brown Scott, Oxford University Press, New York, 1920.
“Rejal-e sadr-e Mashrutiyat”, Yaghma, Vol. 5, No. 4, Tehran, 1331/1952, 168-173.
“Reza Arfa‘, perens-e Irani”, Donya-ye Eqtesad, No. 2439, Tehran, 1390/2011, 31
(http://www.magiran.com/npview.asp?ID=2343377 ).
Ruzname-ye khaterat-e Naser al-Din Shah dar safar-e sevvom-e Farangestan,
be-kushesh-e Esma‘il Rezvani va Fatemeh Qaziha, 3 vols, Vol. I, Tehran,
1378/1999; Vol. II, Tehran, 1374/1995.
Safarname-ye Mobarake-ye Mozaffar al-Din Shah be Farang, be-kushesh-e ‘Ali
Deh­bashi, Tehran, 1361/1982.
Safarname-ye sevvom-e Mozaffar al-Din Shah be Farang, be-kushesh-e Mohammad
Nader Nasiri Moqaddam, Tehran, 1390/2011.
‘A.-A. Sa‘idi Sirjani, “Dāneš (1)”, Encyclopaedia Iranica, ed. by Ehsan Yarshater,
1993 (http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/danes-pen-name-of-moin-al-wezara-
mirza-reza-khan-arfa-arfa-al-dawla-ca).
M. H. San‘ati, “Arfa‘ dar asnad-e SAVAK”, Motale‘at-e Tarikhi, No. 3, Tehran,
1383/2004, 175-215.
G. Sanikidze, “An Historical Survey of Georgian-Iranian Relations in the Nineteenth
Century”, Journal of Persianate Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2, Brill: Leiden & Boston,
2008, 148-173.
K. Soleymani, Alqab-e rejal-e doure-ye Qajariye, Tehran, 1379/2000.

89
S. Soltani Moqaddam, “Khanedan-e Arfa‘” (http://www.pajoohe.com/fa/ ndex.
php?Page=definition&UID=39787).
D. R. Stone, “Imperialism and Sovereignty: The League of Nations’ Drive to
Control the Global Arms Trade”, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 35,
No. 2, 2000, 213-230.
Mohammad-‘Ali Tarbiyat, Daneshmandan-e Azerbaijan, be-kushesh-e Gholamreza
Tabataba’i Majd, Tehran, 1378/1999 (pirvelad gamoqveynda 1314/1935 w.).
NN. Ter-Oganov, “Two Iranian Authors, Majd os-Saltaneh and Yahya Dowlatabadi,
on Tbilisi”, tipologiuri Ziebani (Typological Researches), Vol. 4, Tbilisi,
2000, 399-408.
N. Ter-Oganov, “Évocation de Tiflis par deux auteurs iraniens Majd os-Saltaneh et
Yahya Dawlatabadi”, La Géorgie entre Perse et Europe, Sous la direction de
Florence Hellot-Bellier et Irène Natchkebia, Paris, 2009, 261-272.
S. Vahidniya, “Arfa‘ al-Doule va khane-ye Esfahan dar Orupa”, Nashriye-
ye Daneshkade-ye adabiyat-e Daneshgah-e Esfahan, Vol.1, No.1, Isfahan,
1343/1964, 158-178.
“Villa Ispahan, un palais oriental à Monaco / Villa Ispahan, an Oiental palace in
Monaco”, La Gazette de Monaco, No. 497, Monaco, 2016, 88-90 (http://www.
lagazettedemonaco.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Gazette497ImmoSite.pdf).
R. de Warren, Destiny’s Waltz: In Step with Giants, New York, 2009.
H. Wiik, “Från Vassor till Monte Carlo” (http://www.netikka.net/ henrik.mangs/
montecarlo. html).
Zendeginame-ye mashahir-e Iran va jahan, Vol. 20, Esfahan, 1390/2011.
Y. Zoka, Dar piramun-e taghiyir-e khatt-e Farsi: bakhsh-e nakhost (tarikhche),
Tehran, 1329/1950.
Е. Э. Бертельс, “Из истории попыток реформы арабского алфавита. 1. Маль­
ком-хан”, Культура и письменность Востока, книга III, Баку, 1928, 10-17.
Дж. Гиунашвили, “О персидских надписях Боржомской Фирюзы”, Источнико­
ведческие разыскания, 1982, Тбилиси, 1985, 244-248.
Гр. Джаншиев, Перл Кавказа (Боржом-Абастуман). Впечатления и мысли ту-
риста, Москва, 1900.
О. Ильницкая, “Появление и развитие движения за реформирование пись­мен­
ности тюрко-мусульманских народов (втор. пол. XIX–нач. XX)”, Ученые
записки Таврического национального университета им. В.И. Вернад­ско­го,
Серия “Исторические науки”, т. 23 (62), № 1, Симферополь, 2010, 68-75.
“Отьезд персидского посланника”, Кавказ, № 105, Тифлис, 1895.
Г. Радде, Краткий очерк истории развития Кавказского Музея в первые 25
лет существования, Тифлис, 1891.

90
 d a na r Ti

princ arfa‘s mogonebebi62

Ta v i 2
mogzauroba kavkasiasa da stambolSi
(1876)

...TbilisSi CasvlisTanave yadis63 bina uqiraves ganTqmuli mir-

za faThali axundovis saxlSi. xuTi oTaxidan erTi sastumro iyo,
erTi – kabineti, erTi – yadis saZinebeli, erTi – Cemi da erTic
– mola rezasi. aTi dRe yadis meurveobis qveS gavatare. Tbilis-
Si mcxovrebi iranelebi, rogorc vaWrebi, ise xelosnebi, Zalian
Tbili xalxia. qalaqSi ori qarvaslaa: xalaTovis64 da mirzoe-
vis65. iraneli vaWrebi da xelosnebi, visac col-Svili ar hyavs,

62
Khaterat-e Perens Arfa‘, 26-85; 320-326; saqarTvelo yajarTa periodis spar-
sul wyaroebSi, 302-340.
63
igulisxmeba Tbilisis yadi (muslimi mosamarTle) axundi haji mola
baba.
64
xalaTovis qarvasla aSenda 1850-ian wlebSi arqiteqtor a. sokolovis
proeqtiT da erT-erTi udidesi iyo imdroindel TbilisSi. is idga
voroncovis (axlandeli gorgaslis) quCis dasawyisSi da ukana mxares
mtkvars gadahyurebda.
65
igulisxmeba ivane mirzoevi (gard. 1880 w.) – cnobili Tbiliseli komer-
santi da mewarme, saxlebis mflobeli. 1865 wlidan mas ekuTvnoda sas-
tumro `kavkazi~ imdroindeli erivanskis moedanze. mirzoevis sacx-
ovrebeli saxli qalaqgareT iyo. Cveulebriv, iq patiJebdnen xolme
TbilisSi Camosul sapatio stumrebs. am saxls axseneben da aRweren
rogorc aRmosavleli, ise dasavleli mogzaurebi. amerikeli mogzauri

91
am qarvaslebSi qiraoben oTaxebs, sadac Tan cxovroben da Tan
vaWroben. TbilisSi daaxloebiT 10000 iranelia, romelTa umete-
soba Savi muSaa. aqauri meTuneebi ZiriTadad salmasis, dilmayanis
da urmias raionebidan arian, filaqnis damgebebi ki – maraRadan,
Tavrizidan, marendidan da xoidan. Tbiliseli didvaWrebi arian
haji mohamad bayer rezaiovi, haji faThali, mohamad aya Tojarba-
Si, haji mehdi aya da haji mohamad ebrahimi. Tbilisis RirSesaniS-
naoba nomrebiani abanoebia, romlebSic mineraluri wyali modis.
aya mir faTahis66 erT-erTi vaJi aya mir nemaTolahi aq cxovrobs.
iranelebi mas didi pativiscemiT epyrobian da miuxedavad imisa,
rom ganaTleba ara aqvs, TavianT winamZRolad Tvlian. ori kviris
ganmavlobaSi yadi gulmodgined mivlida. erTi erevneli vaWari
Cemi Soreuli naTesavi aRmoCnda. Hhaji rahim aya erevani, romelic
xalaTovis qarvaslaSi cxovrobda, Tavisi xandazmuli asakis gamo,
iraneli da sxva vaWrebis wreSi didi avtoritetiT sargeblob-
da da mas yvelani haji rahim amus67 eZaxdnen. am sawyals saSine-
li ubedureba daatyda Tavs da sul sevdianad gamoiyureboda. es
pativcemuli kaci erevneli emigrantebis wridan gaxldaT.
ori kviris Tavze samgzavro samzadiss Sevudeqi. yadim es am-
bavi rom gaigo, stambolSi mimaval haji aya yavyazis damamgza-
vra. Tbilisidan jer foTSi unda CavsuliyaviT, radgan im dros
rkinigza mxolod am qalaqamde midioda. yadim da misma megobrebma

j. kertini ixsenebs, rom mas qalaqgareT mirzoevis saxlis win gaSlil

mdeloze gaumarTes sadili aRmosavlur stilSi. sadili dasrulda
cnobili sparseli momRerlebis dasis koncertiT da feierverkebiT
(J. Curtin, Memoirs, Madison, 1940, 283).
66
aya mir faTahi iyo Tavrizis mojTahedi. 1828 wels ruseT-iranis meore
omis dros is daexmara rusebs Tavrizis damorCilebaSi, ris Semdegac
TbilisSi gadmosaxlda da ruseTis xelisuflebisagan saCuqrad miiRo
miwis didi nakveTi mtkvris marcxena napirze, imdroindeli qalaqis ga-
reT. naboZeb miwaze aya mir faTahma gaaSena baRi, romelic 1853 wels
xazinis sakuTrebaSi gadavida da sazogadoebrivi gaxda. XIX saukunis
manZilze es baRi TbiliselTa sayvareli dasasvenebeli da gasarTobi
adgili iyo. is dResac arsebobs da xalxSi cnobilia `muStaidis~ (da-
maxinjebuli mojTahedi) saxelwodebiT.
67
rahim amu sityvasityviT `mowyale biZas~ niSnavs.

92
rkinigzis sadgurze gamaciles. yadim erTi yarabaRuli salocavi
xaliCa da erTi patara samgzavro samovari68 maCuqa.
[foTSi] me da haji ayam gemis mesame klasis bileTebi aviReT.
gemze rom avediT, naCuqari xaliCa gavSale. piligrimebma Cemi
samovariT isargebles, cecxli daanTes da Cai moaduRes. radgan
meqaSi midiodnen, ar undodaT, rom gemis sanovage eWamaT, amitom
foTSi puri da yveli moemaragebinaT. garda amisa, Tan erTi to-
mara Ciri, nigozi, qiSmiSi, sabza da finikic hqondaT da gzaSi mec
mimaspinZldebodnen. Cveni saWmeli sul es iyo da Tanamgzavrebi
meubnebodnen, Tqveni samovari rom ara, gemze Caisac ar davlev-
diTo...

[stambolSi saswavleblad Casuli mirza reza avad gaxda. eqime-

bma avadmyofobis mizezad iqauri klimati miiCnies da igi iZule-
buli gaxda, stamboli daetovebina].

[TbilisSi swavlis wlebi]

(1876)
[stambolidan] dauZlurebuli gamovemgzavre. TbilisSi Cavedi
Tu ara, Cemi dabrunebis ambavi yadis Sevatyobine. damxvda, Ta-
vis saxlSi wamiyvana da ruseTis saxelmwifo saavadmyofos mTa-
var eqims, romelic warmoSobiT germaneli iyo, Cemi mkurnalo-
ba sTxova. Tbilisis havam Cemze sasikeTod imoqmeda da ramde-
nime DdReSi gamovmjobindi. roca stambolis Tavgadasavlebi da
frangulisa da inglisuris swavlis ambavi yadis vuambe, miTxra:
`ver davuSveb, rom TavrizSi dabrundeT. Tu stambolSi berZeni
dalalis vaJi nikolasi dagexmaraT, aq me gagiwevT Tanadgomas.
ruseTis xelisuflebam TbilisSi muslimebisTvis ori saswavle-
beli gaxsna: erTi SiitebisTvis da meore sunitebisTvis. maTi
programa Program69 Seicavs sparsul enasa da literaturas da

68
aqac da Semdgomac barbarizmebi, rogorc stiluri Tavisebureba, Sen-
arCunebulia.
69
aqac da Semdgomac laTinuri transkrifciiT Cawerili sityvebi, rom-
lebic frCxilebSi ar aris Casmuli, avtoriseulia.

93
arabulis dawyebiT kurss, romelic sparsuli literaturis Se-
saswavlad aris aucilebeli. programis ZiriTadi sagnebia ru-
suli enis sintaqsi da morfologia, rusuli literatura, geo-
grafia, ariTmetika, msoflio istoria da fizikis wanamZRvrebi.
radgan Tqven sparsuli da arabuli ar gWirdebaT, rusuls sul
cota xanSi iswavliT. marTalia, Tqveni asaki dawyebiTi klasis ba-
vSvebis asaks ar Seefereba, magram skolis ufrosi Seix al-esla-
mia70, romlis rekomendaciiTac me aq damniSnes da radgan Cemdami
Zalian keTilganwyobilia, darwmunebuli var, rom gamonaklisis
saxiT migiRebT~.
amgvarad, stambolidan Camotanili mTeli saqoneli rezaio-
vis daxmarebiT TavrizSi haji reza ayas vaJs haji mohamad Tayis
gavugzavne, Tavad ki rusul skolaSi daviwye swavla. vcxovrob-
di isev mirza faThali axundovis saxlSi, sadac yovel saRamos
Tbilisis muslimi didgvarovnebi ikribebodnen. axundovi kavka-
siis mefisnacvlisa da samxedro maRalCinosnebis rusuli enis
Tarjimani iyo. man gvarad axundovi airCia71 da, radgan TbilisSi
uamravi sparsuli da Turquli werili modioda, Tavisi ZmisSvi-
li mirza mostafa axundovi TanaSemwed aiyvana. mirza faThalim
sparsuli da arabuli enebi, am qveynebis literatura da aseve
rusuli ena srulyofilad icoda, Tumca arabebi ar uyvarda da
maTdami ucnaur antipaTias grZnobda. yovelTvis, roca iranisa
da arabeTis istoriaze iwyebda laparaks, firdousis am leqss
ambobda:
`aqlemisa da niangis rZis smisgan
arabebis saqme iqamde mivida,
rom mefeTa taxti moindomes,
fui, Sen, bedisweris Carxo, fui.~

is xSirad qilikobda yuranis istoriebze, gansakuTrebiT –

muhamedisa da moses Sexvedrisa da zulkarnainis72 ambebze. erT

70
Seix al-eslami – maRali rangis muslimi sasuliero piri; amierkavka-
siaSi muslimTa winamZRoli.
71
mirza faThalim Tavisi saxeli axundzade rusul yaidaze axundovad
gadaikeTa.
72
zulkarnaini (sityv. `orrqiani~) metsaxelia yuranis personaJisa, ro-

94
saRamos me da yadi moTminebidan ise gamogviyvana, rom bolos
veRar moviTmine da vuTxari: `Cemi mokrZalebuli azriT, is, rom
zulkarnainis ambavi istoriul sinamdviles ar Seesabameba, es Ta-
vad wminda yuranSi weria. iosebis suraSi xom nabrZanebia: `da Cven
giambobT Sen saukeTeso igavT~ [12:3]73. igavi legendas Legende niS-
navs, ase rom Tavad yurani ambobs, rom es ambavi zRaparia. arabe-
bi midiodnen winaswarmetyvelTan da sTxovdnen, muhamed, zRapari
gviambeo da isic maTi gemovnebis Sesabamis ambebs uyveboda~. Cemi
naTqvami Zalian ar moewona da vigrZeni, rom Tu manamde Cemdami
kargad iyo ganwyobili, im saRamos mTeli keTilganwyoba gauqra.
axundovi winaaRmdegobas miuCveveli iyo, radgan masTan saRamos
Sekrebebze misulebi mis nebismier sityvas eTanxmebodnen. magram
zrdilobiani kaci iyo da yovelTvis, roca yadis patiJebda, arc
me miviwyebda, radgan masTan erTad vcxovrobdi. mec siamovnebiT
mivdiodi, vinaidan Tu ar CavTvliT religiur Temebze kamaTs,
sxva mxriv is Zalian sasiamovno mosaubre iyo: gviyveboda yaraba-
Ris, Sirvanis da Saqis mosaxleobis zne-Cveulebebze, rac CemTvis
siaxle iyo. anbanis Secvlis idea pirvels me gamando, Tumca me
TviTon anbanis naklovanebebs ver vacnobierebdi. rogorc ki am
Temaze Camovardeboda laparaki, mzad hqonda ramdenime sityva,
romlis wakiTxvac sxvadasxvanairad SeiZleboda74. pirveli sityva
hsn iyo. msmenelebs win udebda da ekiTxeboda: aba, ra weriao? Tu
vinme `hasan~-s waikiTxavda, etyoda, `hasan~ ki ara `hosn~ ariso,
Tu vinme `hosn~-s waikiTxavda, etyoda, ratom `hosn~, `hesn~ ari-
so. Tavisi drois molebi iseT uvicebad da ubirebad miaCnda, rom
meti ar SeiZleba. sul imas imeorebda, dawyebiTi skolis Svidi

melsac alahma udidesi Zalaufleba uboZa da aRmosavleTisa da dasav-

leTis dasapyrobad gagzavna. aRmosavleTSi, iq, sadac mze amodis, man
aago zRude da daicva iqauri mosaxleoba iajujisa da majujisgan,
romlebic dedamiwaze biwierebas avrcelebdnen (islami, enciklope-
diuri cnobari, Tbilisi, 1999, 67).
73
yurani, arabulidan Targmna, Sesavali werili da ganmartebani daurTo
g. lobJaniZem, Tbilisi, 2006.
74
sparsulSi mokle xmovnebi ar iwereba, amitom Tanxmovnebis erTidaigive
kombinacia sxvadasxvanairad SeiZleba waikiTxos imisda mixedviT, Tu
rogor gaxmovandeba isini.

95
wlis bavSvebma meti ician msoflio istoriasa da geografiaSi,
vidre mojTahedebmao75. me erevanSi Soqr xanis vaJebTan Sexve-
dra gamaxsenda da sircxviliT daviwvi76. axundovs msoflio ruka
hqonda, xalxs aCvenebda da eubneboda: aba, jabalya da jabal-
sa77 mipoveTo. mirza faThalim kavkasiur Turqul enaze dawera
ramdenime komediis Comedie wigni, romlebic TeatrSi idgmeboda.
maTgan yvelaze cnobili doqtori Jordani78 da xan sarabi79 iyo.
am warmodgenebze xalxi siciliT ixoceboda, Tumca es wignebi
sruliad amoraluri iyo da ZiriTadad qalebis hejabis80 winaaR-
mdeg ilaSqrebda. axundovs erTi qaliSvili hyavda, romelic bah-
man mirzas vaJs xan baba xans miaTxova. is Tavis qaliSvils nebas
rTavda, rom mas rusi qalebiviT Tavdauxuravs evlo im dros,
roca sxva muslimi qalebi hejabs atarebdnen. Tbilisel musli­
mebs, romlebic fanatikurad morwmuneebi iyvnen, mirza faThali
Tavisufali azrebisa da qaliSvilis TavSiSvela siarulis gamo
ar uyvardaT. Tavad axundovisgan gamigia, rom quCaSi Semxvedrebi
mas Tvals aridebdnen. sinamdvileSi ki is Zalian gulCvili kaci
gaxldaT. erTi inspeqtori hyavda, romelsac, roca stumrebi ar
iyvnen, uflebas aZlevda, rom masTan erTad eWama. am inspeqtoris-
gan gamigia, rom mirza faThalis iqauri gaWirvebuli muslimebis
sia hqonda da paraskeobiT da muslimur dResaswaulebze maTTan

75
mojTahedi – Siiti kanonmcodne, maRali rangis sasuliero piri.
76
Soqr xani erevnis yadi iyo. mirza reza xani mas erevanSi yofnis dros
estumra da mis vaJebTan saubarSi geografiis ucodinroba gamoamJRav-
na.
77
legendaruli qalaqebi, romlebic Zvel wyaroebSi moixsenieba da ro-
melTa istoriuloba mecnierTaTvis sakamaToa: nawili maT miToto-
ponimebad miiCnevs, nawili ki cdilobs maTi savaraudo adgilsamy-
ofeli daadginos. gadmocemebiT, jabalya dedamiwis sferos aRmosav-
leTiT iyo, jabalsa ki – dasavleTiT, zogierTi avtori am qalaqebs
meSvide geografiul regions (CineTi da indoCineTi) miakuTvnebs.
78
axundovis am komediis sruli saxelia `botanikosi musie Jordani da
saxelganTqmuli jadoqari derviSi masTaliSahi~.
79
savaraudod, igulisxmeba komedia `lenqoranis xanis veziri~.
80
hejabi _ aRmosavleli qalis Tavsaburavi, Cadri.

96
Cumad daxmarebas atanda, Tan ukrZalavda, rom maTi saxelebi vin-
mesTvis eTqva.
mTeli kavkasiis Seix al-eslami axundi mola ahmadi brZandebo-
da. is salianidan iyo da ganaTleba saliansa da yarabaRSi hqonda
miRebuli. iransa da sazRvargareTis sxva qveynebSi namyofi ar iyo,
magram biblioTekaSi iranis, Turqestanis da osmaleTis istoriis
TiTqmis yvela wigni Seekriba. sparsuli ena da literatura da,
gansakuTrebiT, osmaluri Turquli mSvenivrad icoda. yovel sa-
Ramos Tavis saxlSi awyobda Sekrebebs, romlebzec stumrebs ro-
melime sulTnis an gamoCenili swavlulis istoriebs uyveboda.
saocari mexsiereba hqonda: adamianebisa da adgilebis saxelebs
erTi mosmeniT imaxsovrebda da mere sxvebs uambobda. Tbiliseli
begebi da warCinebulebi mis Sekrebebs mirza faThalis Sekrebebs
amjobinebdnen. radgan im dros Teatrebsa da komediebze siaru-
li miRebuli ar iyo, Tbiliseli muslimebi Teatris, komediis da
koncertis nacvlad an mirza faThalisTan, an Seix al-eslamTan
ikribebodnen. Seix al-eslami stumrebs sasacilo ambebiTa da iga-
vebiT arTobda, Tumca miuxedavad mTxrobelis didi mcdelobi-
sa, aravin icinoda. me misi istoriebi Zalian momwonda da sxvebze
mets vicinodi, amitom Cemdami keTilganwyobili iyo. magaliTis-
Tvis movitan mis erT-erT xumrobas, romelic erT dRes minbari-
dan81 warmoTqva: `batonebo, guSin yadiris dResaswauli82 iyo da
xalxi CemTan modioda. vxedav, 30 wlis kaci da 17 wlis axalgazr-
da movidnen. kacma dResaswauli momiloca da mTxova: aya, me da am
biWs SekavSirebis rituali CagvitareT. aRSfoTebulma vuTxari:
Sen Cemze giTxres, rom Suamavali var, magram me kacsa da qals
Soris vSuamavlob da maT vaqorwineb da ara kacebs. wadi, daika-
rge, Se Roro!~ erT dResac minbaridan gamoacxada: `batonebo,
me mkvleli var. guSinwin mzis CasvlisTvis CemTan movida mequde
maShadi ahmadi da momitana qudi, romelic eqvsi Tvis win Sevuk-
veTe. iseTi viwro gamodga, rom Zlivs davixure, vigrZeni, rom

81
minbari _ kibeebiani kaTedra sakrebulo meCeTSi, saidanac imami qad-
agebebs kiTxulobs da paraskeobiT sruldeba xutba.
82
religiuri dResaswauli xalifa alis muhamedis memkvidred gamocxa-
debasTan dakavSirebiT.

97
suli mexuTeboda da saswrafod fasi vkiTxe. mipasuxa: aTi maneTi.
dauyovnebliv miveci, rom wasuliyo da im viwro qudisgan ganv-
Tavisuflebuliyavi. wavida Tu ara, msaxurs davuZaxe, makrateli
movatanine da vTxove, qudis moxdaSi damxmareboda. orive xeliT
Zlivs momxada da momca. makratliT qudis gverdebi CavWeri, Ta-
vze davixure da warbebamde Camoviwie. Tavisuflad damexura da
SvebiT amovisunTqe. meore dRes gamTeniisas ritualur ganbanvas
vasrulebdi, rom karze kakuni Semomesma. zRurblTan mivedi da
Sevityve, rom micvalebulisTvis namazis wasakiTxad mibarebdnen.
vikiTxe, vin gardaicvala-meTqi da mipasuxes, mequde maShadi ahma-
dio. es sacodavi Turme wina Rames dardiT momkvdariyo, radgan
im aliaqoTSi 30 maneTian qudSi 10 maneTi gamomarTva. ase rom, me
misi mkvleli var~.
Tbiliseli didgvarovani begebi cxovrobdnen muslimur uban-
Si, romelsac voroncovis Worontsov quCa erqva83. maT Soris iyvnen
generali esrafilbegovi, aya beg agalarovi, alahiar begi, beg aya
da quCeq aya.
erT dRes me da yadim movinaxuleT abas yoli xanis vaJebi,
romlebic madam stasuleviCis Stasolovitch pansionSi cxovrobdnen.
yadim madams Cemi Tavi warudgina da uambo, rom stambolSi fran-
gulsa da inglisur enebs vswavlobdi, aq ki rusuls veuflebodi.
madami frangulad gamomelaparaka da miTxra: `Cemi pansioni sa-
dReRamisoa, mowafeebi aq mTel dros atareben da, sxva skolebis-
gan gansxvavebiT, ardadegebi ara aqvT. amitom SegiZliaT, sajaro
skolebis dasvenebis periodSi aq enis praqtika Practique gaiaroT
da me da Cems mowafeebs gvesaubroT. Tqven franguli ar daga-
viwydebaT da mowafeebic sargebels naxaven~.
stasuleviCis pansionSi gatarebuli droidan ori SemTxveva
damamaxsovrda da mogiyvebiT. erT dRes madamis aryofnaSi biWebi
da gogoebi darbazSi viyaviT Sekrebili, rom uceb erTi mowafe
Semovida da damiZaxa: `reza, wamodi, wamodi, Tqveni winaswarmety-
veli movida da geZaxis!~ vuTxari: `ra sisuleleebs laparakob,
Cvens winaswarmetyvels aq ra unda?~ magram Camacivda da daifica,
marTals geubnebio. ezoSi gavedi da davinaxe: aivnis qveS gacve-

83
axlandeli gorgaslis quCa.

98
Til Calmebsa da Zvel samosSi gamowyobili sami seidi84 idga, Ti-
Toeuls Tavisi simaRlis joxi eWira da damtvreuli rusuliT
maTxovrobda: `radi xrista davai~, RvTis gulisTvis rame mogve-
ciT. am uzneo bavSvebma wylis bidonidan da nacriani aqandazidan,
romlebic axali avsebuli iyo, maT qudSi wyali Causxes da naca-
ri Cauyares, Tan eubnebodnen, qristes gulisTvis ai, es aiReTo.
usircxvilo seidebi ki imis magivrad, rom Seuracxyofa swyeno-
daT, icinodnen da isev maTxovrobdnen. Tavi veRar Sevikave da
vuTxari: `ei, Tqve uTavmoyvareebo, muslimebsa da seidebs ratom
arcxvenT? wadiT da sxva iranelebiviT Sav muSebad imuSaveT, rom
aseT damcirebul mdgomareobaSi ar aRmoCndeT~. roca dainaxes,
rom azerbaijanulad vlaparakobdi da muslimi viyavi, imis ma-
givrad, rom SercxvenodaT, lanZRva damiwyes da miTxres: `Tqven,
muslimebs, CvenTvis winaprebis qoneba rom dagebrunebinaT, aseT
damcirebul mdgomareobaSi aRar gvnaxavdi~. roca bavSvebma dai-
naxes, rom seidebi ar midiodnen da Tan me meCxubebodnen, darajs
dauZaxes. daraji movida da isini ezodan gayara. me ki iqve Cems
Tavs piroba miveci, rom rodesac TbilisSi vimsaxurebdi, amgvar
vai-seidebs nebas ar mivcemdi, rom aseTi samarcxvino saqmeebi
CaedinaT. sxvaTa Soris, msgavsi incidentis Sesaxeb mirza faTha-
lisganac mqonda mosmenili. Turme, erT dRes ori aseTi seidi
kavkasiis mefisnacvlis didi Tavadi mixeilis sasaxlesTan mivida.
misi aRmatebuleba is iyo kaliaskaSi jdeboda, rom am arakacebma
Tayvani sces da yvirili daiwyes, TqvenTan saTxovari gvaqvso. me-
fisnacvali gaCerda, isini TavisTan ixmo da hkiTxa: `ra saTxovari
gaqvT?~ maT damtvreuli rusuliT upasuxes, rom winaprebis qone-
bas iTxovdnen. didi Tavadi maT naTqvams ver mixvda, egona, rom
am xalxs mamebis danatovari qoneba policiam CamoarTva da ar
ubrunebs. brZana, maTTvis Tanadgoma gaewiaT da kargad gaerkviaT,
ras iTxovdnen. sasaxleSi dabrunebulma mefisnacvalma mirza fa-
Thali da seidebi TavisTan daibara da hkiTxa: `winaprebis qone-
bas vin ar gibrunebT?~ maT utifrad upasuxes: `Cveni winaprebis
qoneba Tqven gaqvT~. am sityvebma mefisnacvali ise gaakvirva da
gaabraza, rom brZana, seidebi sagiJeTSi waeyvanaT, radgan giJebad

seidi – winaswarmetyvel muhamedis STamomavlis tituli.

84

99
CaTvala. mas Semdeg mirza faThalis maT Sesaxeb araferi smenoda.
rogorc Cans, sagiJeTSi imden xans dahyves, rom iqve daixocnen.
axla madamis pansionSi momxdar meore SemTxvevas mogiyvebiT:
iq moswavle gogo-biWebidan umetesoba somexi iyo. ar vici ra-
tom, magram erTma gogonam amiTvaliswuna da frangulad xmas ar
mcemda. mowafeebs saxlebidan kanfetebi da namcxvrebi mohqondaT
xolme da Tanaklaselebs unawilebdnen. erT dRes erTma biWma,
saxelad alixanovma, saxlidan kanfetebi da tkbileuloba moita-
na da mec miwilada. im gogom uTxra: `am TaTars tkbileulobas
ratom aZlev, ar genaneba?~ alixanovi Seepasuxa: `imitom vaZlev,
rom odesme, roca is Tbilisis konsuli gaxdeba da Sahis dabade-
bis dRis zeims moawyobs, mec dampatiJebs da gamimaspinZldeba~.
marTlac, roca gangebis nebiT TbilisSi generaluri konsulis
rangSi davbrundi, Cem mier gamarTul pirvelsave brwyinvale
wveulebaze alixanovi da misi mSoblebi moviwvie. vaxSamze es am-
bavi stumrebs Tavad alixanovma uambo.
TbilisSi swavlis periodSi xSiri iyo SemTxvevebi, roca ma-
Tematikis (ariTmetikis gakveTili) davaleba maswavleblisTvis
sadilis mere unda Camebarebina da amitom yadisTan sadilad
wasvlas ver vaswrebdi. aseT dReebSi xuT kapikad Sav purs vyi-
dulobdi da, radgan Cemi skola zed mtkvris piras idga, same-
cadinod mdinareze mivdiodi. iq Tan davalebas vakeTebdi da
Tan Sav purs vWamdi da mtkvris wyals vayolebdi. swored maSin,
roca xelmokled viyavi, erT kvira dRes haji mola mohamad alim,
SemdgomSi mola mohamad ali xanma, romelic Seix al-eslamis
saxlis xSiri stumari iyo da Zalian xumara kaci gaxldaT, mTe-
li dRiT stumrad dampatiJa. radgan vicodi, rom isic CemsaviT
jibegafxekili iyo, mipatiJeba ar miviRe. rac ufro macivdeboda,
miT ufro mtkiced videqi uarze, magram bolos mainc damiTanx-
ma. yadis saxlidan gamovediT, cota fexiT gaviareT da carieli
droSka davinaxeT. mohamad alim droSka gaaCera, Sig CavsxediT da
meetles ubrZana, rom mojTahedis baRSi waveyvaneT. baRis siaxlo-
ves restornis mopirdapire mxares droSkidan CamovediT. Cemma
maspinZelma mbrZaneblurad Semomxeda da miTxra: `meetles fuli
mieci~. cxadia, miveci da restoranSi SevediT. mohamad alim ofi-
ciantebs dauZaxa da saWmeli da sasmeli SeukveTa. raRac ucnaur
xasiaTze iyo, xumrobda da vicinodiT. roca angariSi moitanes,

100
RimiliT miTxra: `gadaixade da mere gavswordebiT~. RmerTma
miSvela, rom jibeSi ramdenime maneTi medo. restornis danaxar-
ji rom gadavixade, miTxra: `axla baRSi gagaseirnebT, gaCvenebT,
iqauroba ra lamazia~. baRs ramdenime wre davartyiT da daR-
lilebi isev restoranTan gamovediT. swored am dros erTi kaci
droSkidan gadmovida da meetles gausworda. mola mohamad alim
meetles ubrZana, rom anatomiuri muzeumis karavTan waveyvaneT.
droSka gaCerda mefisnacvalis sasaxlis win, sadac karavi iyo
gaSlili. SesasvlelTan erTi kaci idga da bileTebs hyidda. mas
Semdeg, rac droSkis fuli isev me gadavixade, bileTebis gamyid-
velTan mivediT da fasi vikiTxeT. gviTxra, rom gamofena axal-
gazrdebis Wkuis saswavleblad iyo mowyobili, raTa isini cud
saqmeebs moridebodnen da amitom Sesvla xuTi kapiki Rirda. ori
bileTi aviRe da is iyo, fuli unda gadamexada, rom haji mola
mohamadma uxeSad gamaCera da miTxra: `unamuso xom ar ggonivar,
rom bileTi agaRebino. Sen ra, dagaviwyda, rom Cemi stumari xar?~
saswrafod gadaixada 10 kapiki da karavSi SevediT. ras vxedavT!
erT mwkrivSi awyvia cvilisgan gakeTebuli mamakacis sasqeso or-
ganoebi, romelTac sxvadasxva daavadebebi sWirT, meore mwkrivSi
ki, imave principiT, – qalis. damTvaliereblebs eqsponatebs aCve-
nebdnen da Sesabamis ganmartebebsac aZlevdnen. gareT gamovediT.
radgan yadis saxli axlos iyo, haji mola mohamadma SemomTavaza:
modi, nuRar davixarjebiT da fexiT wavideTo. saxlSi rom mive-
di, yadis yvelaferi dawvrilebiT vuambe. miTxra: `am saRamos Seix
al-eslamTan wavideT da es ambavi yvelas TandaswrebiT moyevi~.
gangebis nebiT, Seix al-eslamTan haji mola mohamadic iyo. yadim
maiZula, damswreebisTvis, romelTa Soris begebic iyvnen, im dRis
Tavgadasavali meambna. imis magivrad rom Sercxvenoda, mohamad
ali sxvebze mets icinoda. RmerTma damifara, rom im dRes mxo-
lod aTi kapiki daxarja, radgan wlebis mere, TbilisSi Cemi ge-
neraluri konsulobis dros, am Tanxis sanacvlod aTasjer meti
gamomarTva.
TbilisSi swavlis ori wlis ganmavlobaSi sxva iseTi araferi
momxdara, rom aRsawerad Rirdes. skolaSi Cemi sparsulisa da
arabulis maswavlebeli mola abd al-eslami iyo, romelic Semd-
gom kavkasiis Seix al-eslami gaxda, xolo rusuli enis – musie
karabaSovi. orive Zalian Tbilad meqceoda.

101
 Ta v i 3
saxelmwifo samsaxuris dawyeba
[1878-1882]

skolis damTavrebamde da atestatis aRebamde ori Tve mrCebo-

da, rom erT dRes aw gansvenebulma mirza mahmud xanma, romelic
Semdgom ala al-molqi gaxda, yadisTan faraSi85 ali gamogzavna,
romelmac miTxra, rom generaluri konsuli mibarebda. mis aR-
matebulebas vicnobdi da man Cemi swavlis Sesaxeb icoda: erTxel
yadim sakonsuloSi wamiyvana da mas Cemi Tavi warudgina. im dRis
mere, mirza mahmud xanis miwveviT, yovel kvira dRes sakonsu-
loSi sadilad davdiodiT da Tu romelime kviras gavacdendiT,
xelmeored gvpatiJebda. marto Cemi miwveva yadis gaukvirda. gavi-
fiqre, neta ra moxda-meTqi da mizezi faraS alis vkiTxe, magram
ar icoda. miTxra: `me mxolod nabrZanebi maqvs, rom sakonsuloSi
migiyvanoT~. faraS alis gavyevi da generalur konsuls veaxle.
miTxra: `erTi gauTvaliswinebeli SemTxveva moxda, romelic
SeiZleba TqvenTvis sasikeTod Semobrundes~. vupasuxe: `Tu ma-
Rali RmerTi inebebs~. miTxra: `saqme isaa, rom ramdenime dReSi
misi udidebulesoba naser ad-din Sahi evropaSi Tavis meore mo-
gzaurobaSi miemgzavreba da julfasa da erevnis mere Tbilissac
ewveva. sadr a‘zamma86 haji mirza hosein xan sefahsalarma Tavis
gers astraxanis generalur konsuls mirza ahmad xans miswera,
rom is Tavis Tarjiman mirza Tayi xanTan erTad TbilisSi Camosu-
liyo da mec telegrama gamomigzavna, rom Cemi Tarjimnis mirza
ma‘sum xanis TanxlebiT misi udidebulesobis dasaxvedrad jul-
faSi wavsuliyavi. magram mirza ma‘sum xani ramdenime dRea, rac
avad aris. guSin saRamos cieb-cxelebis Seteva daemarTa da Ta-
vis msaxurs mariams, romelic warmoSobiT somexia, qinaqinas abe-
bi sTxova. mariamma qinaqinas nacvlad vercxliswylis abebi mis-
ca, radgan orive erTnair boTlSi ido. mirza ma‘sum xanma, Cqara
rom morCeniliyo, oris magivrad oTxi abi dalia. am dros mirza
Tayi xani, romelic mirza ma‘sum xanis stumari iyo, seirnobidan

faraSi – warCinebuli piris dacvis jariskaci.

85

sadr a‘zami – didi veziri, pirveli ministri.

86

102
dabrunda da avadmyofis oTaxSi Sevida. wamlis boTli rom daina-
xa, hkiTxa: es ra ariso? mirza ma‘sum xanma upasuxa: SeuZlod var
da, radgan xval diliT aucileblad unda gavemgzavro, qinaqi-
nas abebi davlieo. mirza Tayi xanma Tqva, mec SeuZlod varo da
imanac oTxi abi vercxliswyali dalia. SuaRamisas orives saSin-
lad astkivda yeli da kaci gagzavnes saxelmwifo saavadmyofos
ufrosTan, romelic sakonsulos mezoblad cxovrobda. eqimma
avadmyofebi moinaxula, mere wamlis boTli gasinja da Tqva: eS-
makma dalaxvros, vercxliswylis abebi dagileviaT, dauyovnebliv
saavadmyofoSi unda wagiyvanoTo. axla orive mZime mdgomareoba-
Sia da saavadmyofoSi sZinavT, Cven ki dRes saRamos an xval di-
liT unda gavemgzavroT, Tarjimani ki ara gvyavs, amitom Tqven
unda wamoxvideT da gagviwioT Tarjimnoba~. vuTxari: `jer erTi,
yadis nebarTvis gareSe verafers SegpirdebiT, radgan misi stu-
mari var da CemTvis bevri sikeTe aqvs gakeTebuli. garda amisa,
skolis damTavrebamde ori TveRa damrCa da swored axla karaba-
Sovma saatestato gamocdisTvis ramdenime Tema momca da unda
movamzado. Tu TqvenTan erTad gavemgzavrebi, vSiSob, gamocdas
ver Cavabareb da iZulebuli gavxdebi, skolaSi kidev erTi weli
viswavlo~. generalurma konsulma miTxra: `rac Seexeba yadis, mas
gadaeciT, rom Cemi azriT, amgvari dasawyisi Tqveni momavali war-
matebebis sawindari iqneba da aseTi xelsayreli SemTxvevis xeli-
dan gaSveba ar SeiZleba. karabaSovs ki uTxariT, rom is ramdenime
dRe, romelsac mogzaurobas movandomebT, dabrunebis Semdeg
aginazRauroT, me ki pirobas vaZlev, rom Sahs misTvis misi ran-
gis Sesabamis lomisa da mzis ordens gamovarTmev. axla ki nuRar
ayovnebT, wadiT, saxlidan patara samgzavro Cemodani wamoiReT
da maleve dabrundiT, radgan umjobesia, Tu dResve gavemgzavre-
biT da am Rames fostis sadgurSi gavaTenebT~.
yadisTan davbrundi da saqmis viTareba movuyevi. yadim, ro-
melsac Zalian sjeroda yuranze mkiTxaobis, miTxra: `sanam ar
gimkiTxaveb, versad gagiSveb. gzaze imdeni xifaTia, miTumetes,
rom Tqven urmebiT dilijanis uReltexilis gavliT unda waxvi-
deT. es gza savaladac Znelia da Tan SeiZleba malaknebis cofian
cxenebsac gadaeyaroT~. xmis amoReba ar macala, Tavisi yurani
moitana da samkiTxaod gaSala. ai, es aia amomivida iusufis su-

103
ridan: `CauSva saTli WaSi da wamoiZaxa: o, gaxarebav! es ymawvi-
liao~ (12: 19). yadim momiloca, karabaSovTan kaci gagzavna, Cven-
Tan moiwvia da saqmis viTareba Tavad gaacno. karabaSovs, rogorc
yvela russ, ordenebi Zalian uyvarda da sixaruliT momca gamg-
zavrebis ufleba.
naSuadRevs faraSma alim gamomiara, Cemi Cemodani aiRo da sa-
konsuloSi wavediT. mirza mohamad ali xan qaSim, romelic Tbili-
si-vladikavkazis gzatkecilis ufrosi iyo, axali kargi kaliaska
gamogvigzavna. kaliaskaSi samni CavsxediT, msaxurebi davtoveT,
radgan generaluri konsulis TqmiT, Sahsa da mis mxleblebs
imdeni msaxuri eyolebodaT, rom CvenebisTvis adgili ar iqne-
boda. ruseTis teritoriaze misi udidebulesoba saxelmwifos
oficialuri stumari iyo da misi mogzaurobis mTel xarjebs
ruseTis xelisufleba ixdida. brZaneba gasces, rom julfadan
Tbilisamde yvela fostis sadguri SeZlebisdagvarad gaelama-
zebinaT: kedlebze xaliCebi da fardagebi dakides da karebi da
fanjrebi mindvris yvavilebiT morTes. generalur konsuls Tbi-
lisis gubernatoris sarekomendacio werili hqonda, amitom yve-
la punqtSi cxenebs swrafad gvicvlidnen. erTi saaTis daRame-
buli iyo, rom dilijanis fostis sadgurSi SevediT. mirza ahmad
xanma gviTxra: `modiT, Cven samma movaleobebi tolad gavinawi-
loT, radgan msaxurebi ara gvyavs da Cvens Tavebs Cven TviTon
unda movemsaxuroT~. gadawyda, rom raki me rusuli ena vicodi,
wyarodan wylis motana da puris, kvercxis, yvelis da xilis yidva
Cemze iqneboda. Cais Tavad mirza ahmad xani moamzadebda, magram
samovari malaknebisTvis me unda gamomerTmia. mirza mahmud xanma
sanTlebis anTeba, sufris gawyoba da saWmlis momzadeba iTava.
SevTanxmdiT, rom xorci, qababi da abguSTi87 ar gagvekeTebina da
erbokvercxiT davkmayofilebuliyaviT. saqmis aseTi ganawileba
Zalian momewona, radgan davinaxe, rom konsulebi rogorc Ta-
naswors, ise meqceodnen. Rame fostis sadgurSi gavatareT, di-
liT gza ganvagrZeT da rusul julfaSi CavediT. im dros mdi-
nare araqsze xidi ar iyo, amitom erTi napiridan meoremde sqeli
bawari gaeWimaT da masze gamoebaT barkasi, romliTac meniCbeebs

abguSTi – xorcis supi bardiTa da lobioTi.

87

104
mgzavrebi meore napirze gadahyavdaT, Toki ki imisTvis iyo saWi-
ro, rom barkasi wyals ar moetaca. ase gadavkveTeT araqsi. iranis
mxares sapasporto dawesebulebisTvis ramdenime oTaxi aeSenebi-
naT, Senobis win mindorSi ki SahisTvis, misi mxleblebisTvis da
valiahdisTvis88 karvebi gaeSalaT. aw gansvenebulma mirza afzal
xan vaqil al-molqma, romelic valiahdis kancelariis ufrosi
da generaluri konsulis mirza mahmud xanis Zma iyo, Cveni Ca-
mosvlis ambavi telegramiT Seityo. misi gankargulebiT SenobaSi,
romelic Tan sabaJos da Tan sapasportos funqcias asrulebda,
mosasveneblad sami keTilmowyobili oTaxi gamogviyves, Tavad ki
sapasportos ufrosis amin al-vezarasa da megobrebis TanxlebiT
araqsis napirze Segvegeba. meore dRes misi udidebulesoba didi
zar-zeimiT marendidan unda CamobrZanebuliyo. vaqil al-molq-
ma sami cxeni mogvca da yvelani uzenaesi korteJis dasaxvedrad
gavemgzavreT. fadiSahis piradi razmis mxedrebma da maqus, yara-
baRis, qurTebisa da Sahsevanebis Temebis winamZRolebma mtvris
iseTi korianteli daayenes, rom erTmaneTs veRar vxedavdiT.
iqauri wesis mixedviT, ase xanebi Sahs TavianT sacxenosno xe-
lovnebas uCvenebdnen. misi udidebulesobis brwyinvale korteJi
banakSi gaCerda. meore dRes Camovidnen rusi mehmandarebi89 da,
maT Soris, Zmebi beglarovebi90, romlebmac sparsuli kargad ico-
dnen. maspinZlebma araqsi gadalaxes da oficialur tansacmelSi
gamowyobilebi Sahs eaxlnen. gadawyda, rom naSuadRevs, sadilis
mere gavemgzavrebodiT da Rames rusul julfaSi gavatarebdiT.
misi udidebulesoba haj mirza hosein xan sefahsalarTan da sxva
mxleblebTan erTad barkasSi Cajda da araqsi mSvidobianad gada-
laxa. radgan CvenTvis adgili aRar darCa, menave Segvpirda, rom
ukan dabrundeboda da meore jerze gadagviyvanda. am molodin-
Si viyaviT, rom uceb davinaxeT: saubedurod, bawari gawyda da

88
valiahdi – taxtis memkvidre-ufliswulis tituli.
89
mehmandari – mestumre, oficialuri piri, romelsac saxelmwifos
oficialuri stumrebis miReba da maspinZloba evaleba.
90
luarsab da pavel beglarovebi rusi saxelmwifo moxeleebi iyvnen. im
dros luarsab beglarovi mefisnacval mixeilis Tarjimnis movaleobas
asrulebda.

105
barkasi wyalma waiRo. meniCbeebma mxolod is moaxerxes, rom navi
im adgilidan sakmaod moSorebiT napirze gaiyvanes. gza Caiketa.
konsulebi lamis tirodnen da ambobdnen: `ra gveSveleba, fadi-
Sahi kavkasiaSi SebrZandeba da Cven ver davxvdebiT. misi udide-
bulesoba da misi mxleblebi ras izamen da, miuxedavad imisa, rom
Cveni brali ar aris, Cvendami rogor ganewyobian?!~ mirza mahmud
xan ala al-molqi Zalian mamaci kaci iyo da sikvdils arad dagi-
devdaT. Tqva: `Tu navs viSoviT, meore napirze gadavalT da gind
davixocoT, fadiSahis samsaxurSi davixocebiT~. vaqil al-molqma
upasuxa: `navs ki viSoviT, magram Zalian saSiSia da ver gagiSve-
bT. araqsi iseTi adidebulia, rom barkasi waiRo da Tqven naviT
rogor gadaxvalT?!~ magram ala al-molqma daiJina, radac ar
unda damijdes, am saRamosve meore napirze unda movxvdeo. va-
qil al-molqi iZulebuli gaxda, amin al-vezarasTvis, romelic
im mxaris gubernatori iyo, navi eTxova. iqaurma xanebma erTi
navi da eqvsi meniCbe moiyvanes. menavem Tqva: `aq mosvla xanma
maiZula, Torem me aseTi wyaldidobis dros araqsis gadacurva
ugunureba mgonia, radgan Zalian saSiSia~. mirza ahmad xanic am
azrze iyo, magram radgan ala al-molqi kavkasiis generaluri
konsuli gaxldaT da mTeli pasuxismgebloba masze iyo, veravin
SeewinaaRmdega. miuxedavad imisa, rom navi didi iyo da Sig bevri
xalxi eteoda, mxolod samni CavsxediT, sxva veravin gabeda. na-
pirs movSordiT Tu ara, dinebis Zalam meniCbeebis Zalas ajoba
da navi wyalma waiRo. menavem gviTxra: `radgan Cemi gafrTxile-
ba arad CaagdeT, axla locva-Ra dagrCeniaT. Tqveni RmerTi Tu
giSveliT, Torem me uZluri var~. meniCbeebma maSinaTve `o, alis~
Zaxili daiwyes. daxmarebisTvis RmerTs iSviaTad mimarTavdnen,
ZiriTadad winaswarmetyvel alis sTxovdnen Svelas. wylis na-
kadi erTxans ugzo-ukvlod migvaqrolebda. meniCbeebi mxolod
imas axerxebdnen, rom ruseTis napirs ar movSorebodiT. Tqves:
`ordubadsa da julfas Soris boSebis dasaxlebaa. Tu iqamde
mivaRwevT, iqneb boSebma gviSvelon~. `o, alis~ ZaxiliT gza gan-
vagrZeT da uceb Sors banakis CiraRdnebi davinaxeT. menaveebi ga-
mococxldnen da yvirili daiwyes: `gviSveleT, gviSveleT, gviSve-
leT!~ boSebma maTi Zaxili gaiges, Cvensken gamoiqcnen da radgan
kargi mocuraveebi iyvnen, wyalSi gadaeSvnen. menaveebma maT Toki

106
gadaugdes da saerTo ZaliT navi samSvidoboze gaiyvanes. napirze
rom gavediT, Sua boSebis banakSi aRmovCndiT. saswrafod Cai mo-
gvitanes da cecxli daanTes, radgan miuxedavad zafxulisa, Rame
Zalian cioda. cecxls SemovusxediT, Cai davlieT da cota ga-
vTbiT. ala al-molqma maT winamZRols uTxra: `cxenebi unda mo-
gvceT da erTi kaci unda gamogvayoloT, rom julfaSi Cagviyva-
nos~. vkiTxeT: `aqedan julfamde ra manZilia?~ erTma Tqva, ori
farsaxiao91, meorem – samio. gamyolis cxenis garda kidev sami
cxeni mogviyvanes. ors unagiri hqonda, mesames ki – mxolod asa-
li. konsulebi unagirian cxenebze Sesxdnen, asaliani cxeni ki me
momces. gzas gavudeqiT. Zalian bneli Rame iyo, magram, sabednie-
rod, gza mdinares miuyveboda, swori iyo da cxenebic iqaurobas
kargad icnobdnen. julfamde daaxloebiT naxevari saaTi rCebo-
da, rom ala al-molqis cxenma SeikuntruSa da Cems cxens wixli
hkra. wixli fexSi momxvda da saSinlad metkina. ala al-molqi
Zalian Sewuxda, rom aq wamomiyvana da SesaZlebeli iyo, xeibrad
davrCeniliyavi. manugeSebda da meubneboda: `nu geSiniaT, ruse-
Tis mxares rusuli samxedro hospitalia da iq wagiyvanT~. didi
gaWirvebiT mivaRwieT julfas. konsulebma dauyovnebliv rusul
saavadmyofoSi wamiyvanes. saavadmyofos muSebma cxenidan Zlivs
Camomiyvanes, sakaceze momaTavses, zeviT amiyvanes da sawolSi Ca-
mawvines. maSinaTve qirurgi movida, gamsinja da Tqva: `erTi Zvali
dazianebulia, magram nu geSiniaT, morCeba~. saswrafod Camisva da
Semikra, magram Zlieri tkivilisgan verafriT ver daviZine.
julfaSi rom CavediT, SuaRame didi xnis gadasuli iyo da yve-
las eZina. meore dRes naser ad-din Sahma, Cveulebisamebr, dilaa-
drianad gaiRviZa da konsulebma mas Cveni Tavgadasavali uambes.
misma udidebulesobam Cemi saxeli pirvelad gaigo da sadr a‘za-
mis meSveobiT generalur konsuls hkiTxa: `reza vin aris?~ ala
al-molqma upasuxa: `rusuli enis Tarjimania~. Sahs Zalian Se-
vecode, rom mis samsaxurSi aseTi ubedureba SememTxva. Tavisi
haqimbaSi92 eqimi tuluzani saavadmyofoSi gamogzavna da daava-
la, Cemi fexi enaxa da Tu kargad ar iyo Sekruli, gaesworebina.

farsaxi – aRmosavluri sigrZis erTeuli = 6 km.

91

haqimbaSi – mTavari eqimi.

92

107
eqimma tuluzanma minaxula, qirurgs Cemi mdgomareoba gamohkiT-
xa, Seaqo, artaxebi aRar momxsna da wavida, rom yvelaferi misi
udidebulesobisTvis moexsenebina. sabednierod, barkasis Tokis
gawyvetis gamo Sahis korteJi iZulebuli gaxda, julfaSi ori
dRe darCeniliyo da msaxurebsa da bargs dalodeboda. me ki am
or dReSi tkivilma gamiara, bevrad ukeT gavxdi da didi wvale-
biT ramdenime nabijic gadavdgi. roca msaxurebi Camovidnen da
bargic Camoitanes, uzenaesi korteJi erevnisken daiZra... erevanSi
sami dRe davisveneT da gza ganvagrZeT.
TbilisSi Sahi, sadr a‘zami da amalis sxva wevrebi kavkasiis me-
fisnacvlis sasaxleSi dabinavdnen, danarCenebi ki hotel `kavkaz-
Si~93 gavCerdiT. erT saRamos generalurma konsulma oficialuri
vaxSami gamarTa. mipatiJebulTa Soris sadr a‘zamis, Sahis mxle-
blebis, peterburgidan Camosuli rusi mehmandarebisa da Tbili-
sis gubernatoris gverdiT Tqveni mona-morCilic gaxldiT.
am dReebSi ori ambavi SememTxva da mogiyvebiT. erTi is iyo,
rom haji mirza hosein xan sefahsalarma ala al-molqs sTxova,
vinme gaegzavnaT, raTa misTvis mineraluri wylis saukeTeso abano
eqiravebinaT. abano, sul cota, sami saaTiT undoda, radgan Tmebs
saRebaviTa da xniT iRebavda. ala al-molqma es misia me damakisra
da mec iqauri saukeTeso abano, romelsac erekles abanos eZaxian,
movamzadebine. daTqmul dros mefisnacvlis sasaxleSi mivedi.
zRurblTan mdgar kaliaskebSi gubernator orlovis cxenebi iyo
Sebmuli. sefahsalari da aw gansvenebuli mirza ali asyar xanis
mama aya ebrahimi gareT gamovidnen da kaliaskaSi Casxdnen. sefah-
salarma miTxra, rom meetlis gverdiT davmjdariyavi. me Sevepa-
suxe: `meetlis gverdiT jdoma ar Semefereba, Tanaklaselebma
rom daminaxon, gaukvirdebaT~. Cemi pasuxi Zalian ar moewona da
gaRizianebulma igive Tavis saqmeTa mmarTvels ali xans sTxova.
ali xanma, romelsac xelSi sefahsalaris sacvlebiTa da farCis

sastumro `kavkazi~ (Hôtel du Caucase) 1858 wels erivanskis moedanze sum-

93

baTaSvilebis saxlSi vinme frangma giiomma gaxsna da is 1917 wlamde

funqcionirebda. axla misi adgili sastumro `qorTiard meriotis~
marjvena nawils ukavia (d. xoStaria, Tbilisi. Zveli sastumroebi,
Tbilisi, 2011, 35-39).

108
tansacmliT savse boRCa eWira, es davaleba did pativad CaTva-
la da kofoze amayad dajda. ala al-molqma, romelic meetlis
gverdiT idga, misayvedura, qveynis pirvel ministrs rogor See-
pasuxeo. mere mkiTxa: `abanos misamarTi Tu uTxari?~ vupasuxe:
`ara, ar miTqvams~. TavSi xelebi waiSina da misayvedura: `es ra
Sav dReSi Camagde! voroncovis Worontsof quCaze ramdenime abanoa
da sruliad SesaZlebelia, misi aRmatebuleba SecdomiT Sevides
sxva abanoSi, sadac adgilebi ar iqneba da maSin ra meSveleba?!~
misi mRelvareba rom davinaxe, aRar davayovne da Sahis mxleble-
bisTvis gamzadebul erT-erT kaliaskaSi Cavjeqi, magram orlo-
vis Orlov cxenebs ras daveweodi. gamwarebuli didi Tavadis ka-
liaskas CanCaliT mivsdevdi, sanam fqvilis moedans94 ar mivaRwie.
ras vxedav, xarebSebmul ocamde urems, romlebic fqviliT aris
datvirTuli, gza CauxergavT da sadr a‘zamis kaliaskac gaCere-
bulia. es rom davinaxe, Zveli egviptelebiviT xaris Tayvanism-
cemeli gavxdi: mindoda, mivsuliyavi da maT winaSe dameCoqa, rom
me da generaluri konsuli gadagvarCines. erTi saaTi videqiT,
sanam policielebi xarebs gverdze gaiyvandnen. gza rom gaixsna,
etlidan Camovedi, didi Tavadis meetlesTan mivedi da vuTxari,
rom erekles abanoSi wasuliyo. mas Semdeg, rac sadr a‘zami da
misi mxleblebi abanoSi Sevidnen, me ala al-molqTan davbrundi
da yvelaferi movuyevi. bevri icina da miTxra: `iRbali gqonia.
axla wadi da xarebze iloce~.
meore SemTxveva aseTi iyo: sefahsalaris saqmeTa mmarTvelma
ali xanma Tbilisidan gamgzavrebis dRes miTxra: `ori sawvimari
qolga gvWirdeba, oRond abreSumis kargi qolgebi unda iyos da
saxeluric mdidruli unda hqonodes. wadi, maRaziis mepatrones
uTxari, rom ramdenime cali mogvitanon da SevarCevT~. wavedi
erT axladgaxsnil maRaziaSi, romelSic Zalian kargi saqoneli
iyideboda da msaxurs vuTxari, qolgebi mefisnacvlis sasaxleSi
moetana. davalebis Sesasruleblad sul ramdenime wuTi damWirda
da ali xanma qolgebi sefahsalars miarTva. man ori cali air-
Cia, danarCenebi ki daabruna. qolgebi 50 maneTi Rirda, radgan
abreSumis iyo. ali xanma gviTxra: `qolgebis fuls konsuli ga-

igulisxmeba puris moedani.

94

109
daixdis, magram axla Sahis gamgzavrebasTan dakavSirebiT didi
aliaqoTia, amitom maRaziis mflobels uTxariT, rom cota moi-
cados da rogorc ki dros gamovnaxav, waval da konsuls fuls
gamovarTmev~. me da msaxuri fulis molodinSi viyaviT, rom uceb
davinaxe: konsuli Sahis korteJTan erTad kaliaskaSi Cajda da
peterburgSi gaemgzavra. sagonebelSi Cavvardi, aRar vicodi, ra
meqna. msaxuris TanxlebiT maRaziis mepatronesTan wavedi da saq-
mis viTareba avuxseni. Sewuxda, magram sxva ra gza hqonda, konsu-
lis dabrunebas unda dalodeboda. roca ori kviris mere ala al-
molqi dabrunda, mas yvelaferi vuambe. Tqva: `maT CemTvis qolgis
fuli ar mouciaT. gamyidvelma unda moiTminos, sanam me am ambavs
parizSi mivwer da isini fuls gamogzavnian~. es rom maRaziis me-
patronem gaigo, miTxra: `sadr a‘zamTan da konsulTan ra saqme
maqvs, qolgebi me Tqven mogeciT da fulic Tqven unda gadamixa-
doT~. radgan amxela Tanxa ar mqonda, xelwerili gamomarTva, rom
TandaTanobiT gadavuxdidi.
peterburgidan dabrunebulma generalurma konsulma Cemdami
didi gulisxmiereba gamoiCina da miTxra: `Tu yadi Tanaxma iqne-
ba, skolis damTavrebamde sakonsuloSi icxovreT. gankargulebas
gavcem, erTi oTaxi gamogiyon da sadilsa da vaxSams CvenTan er-
Tad SeWamT. Cemi vaJiSvili javad aya rusul gimnaziaSi Gymnase
swavlobs da rusul enas eufleba. parizidan misTvis Camovay-
vanine maswavlebeli qali, romelic Tan franguls aswavlis da
Tan uvlis. Tqven javad ayas rusulad daelaparakebiT, maswavle-
bels – frangulad da ase frangulsac gaiumjobesebT~. misi Se-
moTavazeba Zalian gamixarda. wavedi, yadisgan nebarTva aviRe da
Cemi mcire bargiT sakonsuloSi gadavedi. frangi maswavleblis
CamosvlasTan dakavSirebiT sakonsuloSi cota siviwrove iyo,
amitom me konsulis pirveli TanaSemwis mirza mohamad xanis sa-
muSao oTaxSi damasaxles. is Tavis ojaxTan erTad calke binas
qiraobda da samsaxurSi mxolod dRisiT ramdenime saaTiT modio-
da da sapasporto saqmeebs agvarebda. generalur konsuls pira-
di mdivanic hyavda, romelic sakancelario saqmeebs ganagebda.
roca mirza mohamad xani muSaobda, me an skolaSi viyavi, an – ja-
vad ayasTan, ase rom erTmaneTs xels ar vuSlidiT. generalur
konsuls xelfasze CemTvis araferi uTqvams, magram sakonsulo-

110
Si gadasvlis mesame DdRes am sakiTxze saqmeTa mmarTvels mirza
faroxs daelaparaka da daavala: `sanam mirza rezas movaleobebi
gairkveva, mas jibis fulad TveSi 25 maneTi da, aseve, yovel kvira
erTi girvanqa Saqari da cota Cai mieciT~. roca mirza faroxma
es sasixarulo ambavi mamcno, Zalian gamixarda. radgan parizidan
generaluri konsulis werilis pasuxi ar Canda, me ki am sakiTxze
masTan saubris ganaxleba merideboda, mirza faroxs vTxove: `me
dilaobiT Cais ar vsvam, amitom Caisa da Saqris fuli xelze mome-
ciT~. Tanxmoba miviRe Tu ara, wavedi da maRaziis mepatrones Se-
vuTanxmdi, rom valis safasurad yovel Tve xuT maneTs gadavux-
didi.
aw gansvenebuli ala al-molqi, marTlac, SviliviT meqceoda
da Tavis vaJisgan ar masxvavebda. cirkSi Cirque, TeatrSi Theatre Tu
saseirnod oTxni davdiodiT: kaliaskaSi madmuazel maswavlebeli
mis gverdiT jdeboda, me da javad aya ki – maT win. cirksa da Tea-
trSic erT loJaSi Loge vsxdebodiT. javad aya ala al-molqis er-
TaderTi Svili iyo da mamas is gagiJebiT uyvarda. man Teiranidan
sparsuli enis maswavlebeli gamoiZaxa, raTa mis Svils sparsulad
SirazeliviT elaparaka. maswavlebeli, romelsac janabs eZaxd-
nen, javad ayas sparsulSi avarjiSebda, magram radgan CemsaviT
ver werda, ala al-molqma gadawyvita, rom janabi oficialuri
maswavlebeli iqneboda, xolo me – araoficialuri da mis Svils
Cumad vaswavlidi, rom javads ar swyenoda. unda giTxraT, rom me
manamde TeatrSi namyofi ar viyavi. Semodgomaze, roca Tbilisis
saxelmwifo Teatri gaixsna, ala al-molqma iq loJa SeiZina da
wavediT. maria stiuarti gadioda95 da marias rols asrulebda
rusi artisti Artiste, romelic Zalian maRali da lamazi iyo. im
scenebis xilvisas, roca inglisis dedoflis elisabedis brZane-
biT protestantma msajulebma maria stiuarts Tavis mokveTis ga-
naCeni gamoutanes, roca jalaTebma is sikvdiliT dasjis adgilze
– eSafotze Echafaud miiyvanes da bolos, roca maria sikvdilis win
ukanasknelad loculobda, guli ise amiCuyda, rom mTeli loJis
gasagonad moTqma-godeba daviwye. ala al-molqi da madmuazeli
manugeSebdnen, meubnebodnen, marTla ki ar moklaveno. vuTxari:

igulisxmeba f. Sileris tragedia `maria stiuarti~.

95

111
`TviTonac vici, rom ar moklaven, magram ra vqna, am sawyali de-
doflis ambavma guli damiTuTqa~.
ramdenime dRis mere javad ayam Tavisi savarjiSo rveuli mo-
mitana. gadavSale da vnaxe, rom janabs kaligrafiaSi savarjiSod
aseTi nimuSi Caewera:
am Rames Senze dardiT sisxlis cremlebSi unda daviZino,
da bednierebis sareclisgan Sors unda daviZino.
es leqsi rom wavikiTxe, raRac ucnauri grZnoba dameufla da
mTeli taniT avkankaldi. is nimuSi Sevinaxe, furceli aviRe, sxva
nimuSi Cavuwere da vuTxari: `is ar vargoda~. javad aya wavida
da cota xanSi janabi movida. vusayvedure: `bavSvs aseTi mdare
leqsi nimuSad rogor mieciT?~96 janabma mipasuxa: `simarTle rom
giTxraT, davasrule Tu ara, maSinve vinane, magram ukve dawerili
mqonda~.
ala al-molqs Tavisi vaJi marTlac rom Tvalis Cinze metad
uyvarda. im dros TbilisSi aseTi wesi iyo, rom SeZlebuli xalxi
erTcxenian oradgilian lamaz dawnul kaliaskebs evropaSi uk-
veTavda da iqidan Camohqonda. saRamoobiT ori kaci kaliaskaSi
jdeboda da saseirnod midioda. javad ayas maswavlebeli madmua-
zel luiza Zalian pativmoyvare qali iyo da javad aya aiZula,
mamamisisTvis aseTi kaliaska eTxova. ala al-molqmac etli evro-
pidan gamoiwera da misTvis erTi yarabaRuli arabuli cxenic iyi-
da. roca cxeni droSkaSi Seabes, madmuazel luizam gamoacxada:
me TviTon SemiZlia kaliaskis marTva da meetle ar mWirdebao.
man SemomTavaza, maTTan erTad gameseirna da mec davTanxmdi. sa-
nam maswavlebeli emzadeboda, sakonsuloSi erTi iraneli movi-
da da generalur konsuls SesCivla, rom viRac somexma misi vaJi
umizezod scema. Turme man es ambavi policias Seatyobina, magram
radgan mama-Svilma rusuli ar icoda, policiam somxis nacvlad
misi Svili daakava. aboboqrebuli iraneli rom daeSoSminebina,
ala al-molqma mTxova, madmuazelTan erTad jer policiaSi wav-

mirza reza xanis guliswyroma, rogorc Cans, iman gamoiwvia, rom le-
96

qsi gaumarTavia rogorc poetikurad (sparsuli leqswyobis sistemis

– aruzis arc erT sazomSi ar jdeba), ise Sinaarsobrivad.

112
suliyavi da dakavebuli iraneli gamomexsna. radgan madmuazeli
igvianebda, xolo policiis ganyofileba iqve axlos iyo, ala
al-molqma miTxra: `Cqara wadiT da male dabrundiT, rom saseir-
nod wasvla moaswroT~. sabediswerod, policiis ufrosi adgilze
ar dagvxvda. miTxres, male movao, magram sanam me mas velodebodi
da mere iranelis saqmes vagvarebdi, sakmao dro gavida. sakonsu-
loSi rom davbrundi, faraSebma miTxres: `madmuazeli gelodaT,
magram rom daigvianeT, gabrazda da javad ayasTan erTad saseir-
nod wavida~. vkiTxe: `saiT wavidnen?~ mipasuxes: `mojTahedis ba-
Risken~. rac Zali da Rone mqonda, fexiT gamovedevne, radgan
darwmunebuli viyavi, rom yavaxanasTan gaCerdebodnen. mixeilis
prospeqts rom mivadeqi, davinaxe, viRac policiels mkerdSen-
greuli gasisxlianebuli cxeni da gatexili Sarabani sakonsu-
losken mihyavda. vkiTxe: `ra ambavia?~ mipasuxa: `konsulis vaJma
da misma maswavlebelma cxeni ver daimorCiles da man kaliaska
gaitaca. saxelmwifo saavadmyofosTan Sekrebilma xalxma maTi
daxmareba da cxenis gaCereba scada, magram etli gazis lampionis
boZs Seejaxa da amotrialda, ris Sedegadac konsulis vaJma tvini
gaasxa, xolo maswavlebelma fexi moitexa~. advili warmosadgenia,
ra dReSi Cavvardebodi. saavadmyofoSi gaviqeci da davinaxe, rom
kibeebs im sawylebis sisxli jer kidev ar Sexmoboda. javad ayas
neSti erT oTaxSi esvena da policieli Sig aravis uSvebda, mad-
muazeli ki meore oTaxSi sawolSi iwva. masTan Sevedi da vnaxe,
rom is ubedur dReze gaCenili gatexil fexze metad javad ayas
ambavs ganicdida da mosTqvamda: RmerTo, momkali da ubeduri
mamamisis saxes nu damanaxebo. amasobaSi es ambavi sawyalma mir-
za mahmud xanma gaigo, saavadmyofoSo movida da saavadmyofos
direqtorTan erTad im oTaxSi Sevida, sadac javad aya esvena.
roca mamam Tavgatexili Svili dainaxa, erTi amoigmina da Tavi
kedels iseTi ZaliT mianarcxa, rom gauskda da sisxlma CanCqe-
riviT gadmoxeTqa. ubeduri ala al-molqi miwaze ugonod daeca.
saavadmyofos eqimebi miscvivdnen, Tavi Seuxvies da gonze moiyva-
nes, magram sacodavi mkvdarze uares dReSi iyo. eqimis TanxlebiT
is sakonsuloSi gadaiyvanes da sawolSi Caawvines. RmerTma yvela
mamas aSoros aseTi ubedureba. roca odekoloniT Eau de cologne
gonze moiyvanes, sawolidan wamoxta da saavadmyofoSi gaqcevas

113
lamobda, magram momvlelma eqimma da sakonsulos TanamSromle-
bma gaakaves da oTaxSi daabrunes. sawyali tanze tansacmels ixe-
vda da iseT dReSi iyo, kacs misi ambavi rom ar scodnoda, giJi
egoneboda. miuxedavad aseTi mdgomareobisa, gankarguleba gasca,
rom misi vaJis neStisTvis ambome Embaume (balzamireba) gaekeTe-
binaT, raTa TavrizSi maT sagvareulo sasaflaoze daesaflavebi-
na. roca ala al-molqi cota gons movida da Tavic Seuxorcda,
vaJis neSti TavrizSi gadaasvena.
ala al-molqis gamgzavrebis mere, misi pirveli TanaSemwe mir-
za mohamad xani sakonsulos ufrosi gaxda. is mudmivad imis SiSSi
iyo, rom, RmerTma nu qnas, odesme misi adgili ar damekavebina,
amitom yovelmxriv maviwrovebda. magaliTad, Cveni saerTo oTaxis
gasaRebs, romelic, konsulis gankargulebiT, Cem aryofnaSi
saxlSi wasvlis win faraSbaSisTvis unda daetovebina, arasdros
ar tovebda da Tan mihqonda. radgan sakonsulodan sakmaod Sors
cxovrebda, sanam Cem mier gagzavnili faraSi masTan mividoda,
gasaRebs gamoarTmevda da momitanda, iZulebuli viyavi, aivanze
vmdgariyavi. roca aseT dros CemTan Tanaklaselebi da megobre-
bi modionen, saSinlad mrcxvenoda, radgan ver vuxsnidi, ratom
ar vpatiJebdi oTaxSi da ratom videqiT gareT. erT dRes mirza
farox xans vuTxari: `gTxovT, mirza mohamad xanTan waxvideT da
Cemgan gadasceT, rom kargad vici, ase ratom iqceva: eSinia, rom
damawinaureben, pirvel TanaSemwed damniSnaven da mis adgils da-
vikaveb. minda icodes, rom me ufro maRla vumizneb, vidre konsu-
lis pirveli TanaSemweobaa. mas ki im dRis eSinodes, roca pirda-
pir generaluri konsuli gavxdebi da is Cem winaSe warsdgeba, im
dRis eSinodes, roca misi saqcieli gamaxsendeba da samagieros ga-
davuxdi~. mirza farox xanma Semomxeda da ifiqra, rom vbodavdi.
miTxra: `Tqvens danabarebs ver gadavcem. konsulis pirvel Tana-
Semwes aseTi sityvebi rogor Sevkadro, roca mesame TanaSemwec ki
ara xarT~. erTi mxriv, marTlac ucnauri iyo aseTi pretenziebis
mosmena kacisgan, romelic dilaobiT Cais ar svamda da Cais fuls
mirza farox xani xelze aZlevda. am yvelafers vacnobierebdi,
magram imis nacvlad, rom cota ukan damexia da sakuTari naTqva-
mis Semrcxvenoda, kidev erTxel vuTxari: `wadi da Cemi naTqvami
mas moaxsene~. marTlac, wavida da Cemi danabarebi mirza mohamad

114
xans gadasca. am ukanasknelma bevri icina da SemomiTvala: gons
moegeo.
im droisTvis, roca mirza mahmud xani Tavrizidan dabrunda,
me skola ukve damTavrebuli mqonda da diplomi – aRebuli. fran-
gul-sparsuli leqsikonis Semdgeneli da kavkasiis samecniero
sazogadoebis Tavmjdomare musio berJe97, romelic warmomavlo-
biT germaneli iyo, skolis damTavrebis ceremonias eswreboda
da diplomi sakuTari xeliT gadmomca. karabaSovma SemTxveviT
isargebla da Zalian maqo, amitom musio berJe Cemdami keTilad
ganewyo da TbilisSi Camosul ala al-molqs, romelic mas did
pativs scemda, Cemze bevri saqebari sityva uTxra. musio berJe ke-
Tili da saintereso kaci iyo. erT dRes aseT istorias mogviyva:
`msaxuri, romelic peterburgidan Camoviyvane, ukan gabrunda da
iZulebuli gavxdi, Cemi moxelisTvis meTxova, rom sxva msaxuri
epova. sxvaTa Soris, cnobilia, rom kavkasieli princebis umra-
vlesoba namdvili princi ar aris. amasTan dakavSirebiT erTi
istoria maxsendeba: erTxel erTma mebaRem saqarTvelos erT-er-
Ti patara samTavros xelmwifes adreuli vaSlebiT savse kalaTa
miarTva. mefem dedofals uTxra: Tu fuli gaqvs, am kacs xuTi
maneTi miecio. dedofalma daifica, rom erTi kapikic ki ar hqon-
da. radgan fuli arc xelmwifes aRmoaCnda, dedofals hkiTxa: ra
vqnaT? dedofalma upasuxa: modi, xuTi maneTis nacvlad, princis
tituli vuboZoTo. im dros kavkasiaSi xelmwife samgan ijda:
TbilisSi, samegreloSi da afxazeTSi. roca Tbilisis xelmwife
ereklem ruseTTan xelSekruleba dado da mTeli saqarTvelo
ruseTis mfarvelobis qveS gadasca, saqarTvelos didgvarovneb-
ma, romlebic manamde begis tituls atarebdnen, ruseTis qveSevr-
domobis miRebis Semdeg Zveli titulebi dakarges, ramac maT So-
ris didi miTqma-moTqma da protesti gamoiwvia. es istoria Tavad
qarTvelebisgan maqvs mosmenili. ruseTis xelisuflebam kavkasiis
mefisnacvals ubrZana, rom yvelasTvis, vinc adre begi iyo, knia-

adolf berJe (1828-1886), cnobili rusi istorikosi, arqeologi da

97

aRmosavleTmcodne, mamiT frangi da dediT germaneli iyo. is daibada

peterburgSi da gardaicvala TbilisSi. 1846 wlidan iyo kavkasiis
arqeografiuli komisiis Tavmjdomare.

115
zis tituli mieniWebinaT. misi es qmedeba ori mosazrebiT iyo na-
karnaxevi: erTi is, rom am SemTxvevaSi qarTveli Tavadebi ruseTis
qveSevrdomobas mTeli suliTa da guliT, sixaruliT miiRebdnen,
meore ki – is, rom ruseTis xelisuflebam kavkasiaSi batonobis
periodSi saadgilmamulo banki gaxsna, kniazebad qceulma begebma
ki, romlebmac miwaTmoqmedebas da mesaqonleobas Tavi gaanebes,
TavianTi mamulebi bankSi daagiraves da fuli aiRes. ase qarT-
veli Tavadebis qoneba ruseTis kuTvnileba gaxda. es yvelaferi
CanarTi iyo, axla ki davubrundeT musio berJes istorias. man
gviambo: moxelem momiyvana erTi kniazi, romelsac undoda, rom
Cemi msaxuri gamxdariyo. kniazma miTxra: erTi pirobiT 10 mane-
Tad vimuSaveb, meore pirobiT ki – 5 maneTad. Tu pativiscemiT
momeqceviT da davalebis mocemisas altus-s98 damiZaxebT, 5 ma-
neTs gamogarTmevT, xolo Tu sxva msaxurebiviT mommarTavT – 10
maneTs. vupasuxe: ori mizeziT pirvel pirobaze dagTanxmdebiT:
erTi, saxalisod da meore, ekonomiisTvis. mas Semdeg, yovel di-
liT, roca vdgebi, msaxurs veZaxi: altus, fexsacmeli gamiwminde
da momitane. ase, rom micemul sityvas keTilsindisierad vas-
ruleb, oRond erTi piroba davude, rom ucxoeli stumris Tan-
daswrebiT saxels davuZaxebdi da damTanxmda~.
TbilisSi dabrunebuli mirza mahmud xani marTlac rom Svili-
viT meqceoda da meubneboda, Sen CemTvis javad ayas mosagonari
xaro. radgan julfaSi Sahis daxvedris ceremoniaSi miviRe mo-
nawileoba, Cemi saxeli uzenaesi korteJis mxlebelTa siaSi Cawera
da erT DdResac, yovelgvari gafrTxilebis gareSe, TavisTan dami-
bara, stanislavis mesame xarisxis ordeni gadmomca da Cem cxovre-
baSi pirveli ordenis miReba momiloca. marTalia, es yvelaze
patara rusuli ordeni iyo, magram radgan kavkasiel muslimebs
rusuli ordenebiT Zalze iSviaTad ajildovebdnen, misi miReba
Zalian gamixarda. Cems baliSs mivakere da Ram-RamobiT ramden-
jerac Tvals gavaxeldi, ordens Sevxedavdi da isev viZinebdi.
ramdenime Tvis Semdeg generalurma konsulma kvlav damibara da
amjerad gadmomca lomisa da mzis mexuTe xarisxis ordeni da
firmani, romliTac me sakonsulos mesame Tarjimnad viniSnebo-

altus (altus) laTinuri sityvaa da keTilSobils niSnavs.

98

116
di da mirzas99 tituls viRebdi. generalurma konsulma miTxra:
`Tqven sakonsulos pirveli Tarjimani xarT, romelic Sahis fir-
maniTa100 da sadr a‘zamis xelmoweriT dainiSna. Cveulebriv aseT
brZanebulebebs sagareo saqmeTa saministro gascems, magram me es
specialurad gavakeTe, radgan Tu sxva adgilas gamagzavnian, Cem-
ma Semcvlelma sakuTari neba-surviliT veRar gagaTavisufloT~.
roca skolaSi vswavlobdi da yadisTan erTad mirza faTha-
li axundovis saxlSi vcxovrobdi, yovel saRamos Cveni anbanis
naklovanebebze laparaks vismendi. am saubrebma iranis anbanis
Secvla da Sesworeba gadamawyvetina da sparsul enaze erTi traq-
tati davwere: laTinuri asoebis umravlesoba da ramdenime ru-
suli aso gadavarCie da maTi meSveobiT axali anbani Sevadgine.
traqtats, romelic saxelmZRvanelos tipis iyo, saxelad `WeS-
maritebis gza~ vuwode. naSromi generalur konsuls vuCvene da
misi stambolSi gagzavnisa da gamomcemloba `axTar~-Si dabeWdvis
nebarTva vTxove. konsuli damyabulda da miTxra: `vxedav, rom am
saqmiT anTebuli xar da minda, rom xeli Segiwyo~.
im dros rusuli policia, adgilobrivi kanonebis Sesabami-
sad, iranelebis mier TeiranSi, TavrizSi an sazRvarze aRebul
pasportebs ar cnobda da amis mizezad is mohyavda, rom iranSi
aRebuli pasportebis meSveobiT aqauri somxebi, qarTvelebi da
TaTrebi samxedro samsaxursa da sxva valdebulebebs Tavs arideb-
dnen. DdResac ki am pasportebis sandoobaze pasuxs aravin agebs,
radgan maTSi gacemis adgili da xelmomweris vinaoba miTiTebu-
li ar aris. roca ruseTis moqalaqeebisgan aseT yalb pasportebs
viRebdiT, dauyovnebliv TeiranSi ruseTis saelCoSi vagzavnidiT,
magram iq maT aravin cnobda. amitom kavkasiis policiis uwyebam
daadgina, rom sanam pasports sakonsulo gascemda da kavkasiis
policia daamowmebda, iranis sakonsulos pasportis mflobelis-
Tvis jer [droebiTi] mowmoba da mere erTwliani dokumenti unda
mieca. iranis sagareo saqmeTa saministro am dadgenilebis Sesaxeb

99
mirza – mwerali, mdivani. saxelwodebaSi saxelis win aRniSnavs mwerals,
maswavlebels, moxeles da misT., saxelis Semdeg – batoniSvils,
ufliswuls.
100
firmani – brZaneba, gankarguleba.

117
saqmis kursSi iyo da mowmobis fasi erTi maneTiT gansazRvra. ala
al-molqis brZanebiT, mTel am mowmobebs, romlebic ara nabeWdi,
aramed xelnaweri unda yofiliyo, me vwerdi da yoveli meaTis sa-
fasursac viRebdi, ramac Cemi Semosavali sagrZnoblad gazarda.
Tbilissa da kavkasiaSi im dros Zalian bevri iraneli iyo, amitom
muSaoba xan Ramis or saaTamde, xan ki dilamde miwevda. rac met
mowmobas vwerdi, ala al-molqi miT ufro kmayofili iyo, rad-
gan meti fuli mrCeboda. amis gamo sakonsulos TanamSromlebs
Cemi SurdaT, magram maTi ufrosis Cemdami keTilganwyobis gamo
verafers akeTebdnen.
im periodSi ruseTsa da osmaleTs Soris yarsis brZolis saxe-
liT cnobili Setakeba gaimarTa. yarsSi osmaleTis laSqris da-
marcxebis Semdeg101, iqidan daaxloebiT 10000 tyve Camoiyvanes da
Tbilisis gareubanSi karvebSi daasaxles. radgan rusma oficrebma
maTi ena ar icodnen, tyveebis zedamxedvelebad Turqulis mco-
dne kavkasieli somxebi daniSnes. etamaJoris102 (Stabis) ufrosma
ala al-molqs miswera da sTxova, misTvis gaegzavna Turqulis
mcodne sando piri, raTa is rus oficrebs tyveebis mdgomareobis
Sesamowmeblad gahyoloda da somxebis maTdami mopyrobis Sesaxeb
gamoekiTxa. ala al-molqma me warmadgina da erT polkovnikTan
da or podpolkovnikTan erTad tyveebis banakSi wavedi. rogorc
gairkva, somxebi am sawylebs saSinlad eqceodnen: sakmaris sakvebs
ar aZlevdnen, ZiriTadad aSimSilebdnen, umizezod scemdnen da
dRiur oc kapiks, romelic ruseTis xelisuflebam maT jibisa
da Tambaqos fulad gamouyo, an saerTod ar aZlevdnen, an Suaze
uyofdnen da naxevars TviTon iTvisebdnen. roca Cemi raporti
kavkasiis mefisnacvals warudgines, brZana, rom somxebi tyvee-
bis zedamxedvelobidan CamoeSorebinaT da maT adgilze rusebi
daeniSnaT. mefisnacvalma generalur konsuls sTxova, CemTvis
neba daerTo, rom kviraSi erTxel banaki Sememowmebina da rapor-
ti damewera. ramdenime Tvis Semdeg zavi daido da tyveebi sam-
SobloSi dabrundnen. osmaleTis xelisuflebam TbilisSi saku-
Tari generaluri konsuli daniSna. ala al-molqTan pirvelive

igulisxmeba yarsis aReba ruseTis armiis mier 1877 wlis noemberSi.

101

etamaJori (état-major) frangulad Stabs niSnavs.

102

118
vizitis dros man Cemi naxva moisurva da gaweuli samsaxurisT-
vis majidies IV xarisxis ordeni gadmomca. osmaleTis konsulma
madlierebis niSnad SemomTavaza, rom Cems traqtats, romelsac
TbilisSi frangul enaze vbeWdavdi, stambolSi qemal faSas gaug-
zavnida. qemal faSa im dros osmaleTis ganaTlebis ministri iyo
da mogvianebiT sadr a‘zami gaxda. merideboda, rom generaluri
konsulis mesame TanaSemwes iseTi didi adamianisTvis, rogoric
qemal faSa iyo, pirdapir mimewera, magram TurqeTis konsulma ga-
mabedina. werili davwere da osmaleTis sakonsulos saSualebiT
gavagzavne. qemal faSasgan pasuxad iseTi aRtacebuli Sefaseba
miviRe, sul rom ar velodi. misma pasuxma gamaTamama da traqta-
tis erTi nusxa da qemal faSas werilis asli gavugzavne TeiranSi
sani‘ ad-doule mohamad hasan xans, romelic mere e‘Temad as-sal-
Tane gaxda. im dros TeiranSi erTi oficialuri gazeTi, saxelad
`irani~ gamodioda. misi redaqtori zaqa al-molqis mama mohamad
hosein xani gaxldaT. Cemda gasakvirad, man Tavisi gazeTis erTi
sveti Cemi da Cemi traqtatis qebas dauTmo. swored am periodSi
londonSi iranis elCma princ malqom xanma, romelic TeiranSi
iyo gamoZaxebuli da axla londonSi brundeboda, gzad ramdenime
dRe TbilisSi gaatara, radgan misi Zma esqander xani avad gaxda
da misTvis unda emkurnalaT. masac anbanis Sesworebis sakiTxe-
bze wigni hqonda dawerili da Tavadac axali anbanis avtori iyo,
amitom Cemi traqtatis sparsuli varianti mivarTvi da movaxsene,
rom franguli Targmani axla ibeWdeboda. man Cems naSroms maRa-
li Sefaseba misca da mis naTqvams sityvasityviT movitan:
`batono mirza reza xan, msxverpladac SegewirebiT. Tqven Cve-
ni epoqis siaxleebis Sesaxeb kargad mogexsenebaT da, ueWvelia,
gesmiT, rom yvela adamians saxelis garda gvaric unda hqondes.
gvaris saWiroebisa da dadebiTi mxareebis axsniT Tavs aRar Se-
gawyenT da mxolod imas gTxovT, rom Tqveni gvarisTvis romelime
sityva SearCioT. Tqveni mravalmxrivi Rirsebebis gaTvaliswine-
biT Sesaferis gvarad daneSi103 mesaxeba. amieridan me Tqven yo-
velTvis mirza reza xan daneSad mogixseniebT da RmerTma qnas,
rom Tqvenma mowyalebam es brwyinvale saxeli sul ufro da ufro

daneS (dānesh) sparsulad codnas niSnavs.

103

119
meti pativiT Seamkos. 1299 wlis 1 ramazani (1882 wlis 17 ivlisi),
nazem ad-doule malqomi~.
roca Cemi wigni sparsul da frangul enebze daibeWda, ala
al-molqis rCeviT mis udidebulesoba valiahd mozafar ad-din
mirzas mivuZRveni da mirza fazl alah xan vaqil al-molqis meS-
veobiT mas mivarTvi. sanacvlod miviRe firmani, romliTac va-
liahdis mTavari adiutantis TanaSemwis Tanamdeboba miwyalobes.
am Tanamdebobis pirebs Zalian lamazi da moxdenili oficialuri
tansacmeli ecvaT da CemTvisac Sevakerine. erT saRamos erTma
kniazma TavisTan dampatiJa da masTan axal formaSi gamowyobi-
li wavedi. roca iq Sekrebilma axalgazrda oficrebma dainaxes,
rom saxlis patronis coli Cemdami gansakuTrebul yuradRebas
iCenda, SuriT aRivsnen da am qalbatonis winaSe Cemi damcireba
moiwadines. erTma maTganma xmamaRla mkiTxa, romel samxedro
saswavlebelSi swavlobdiTo, Tumca kargad icoda, rom im dros
iranSi samxedro saswavlebeli ar iyo da samxedro Tanamdebobebi
mxolod sapatio wodebas warmoadgenda. vupasuxe: `batono, Zalian
vwuxvar, magram swored axla, roca beds ramdenime wuTi movtace
da am Tavazian qalbatonTan saubari meRirsa, gindaT, rom dro
sisuleleebze damakargvinoT. me iranis generalur sakonsuloSi
vcxovrob da Tu es sakiTxi Zalian gainteresebT, xval aT saaTze
sakonsuloSi modiT da iq gipasuxebT~. mokled, imis magivrad rom
me davemcirebine, ufro sakuTari Tavi daimcira. qalbatonma Se-
qebis niSnad taSi damikra, Tumca Cemi pasuxi iZulebiT iyo na-
karnaxevi. mTeli Rame vitanjebodi. erTi mxriv, valiahdis adiu-
tantis TanaSemwis Tanamdeboba da es tansacmeli mixaroda, meore
mxriv ki sindisi mqejnida: forma, romelic ar mekuTvnis, ratom
macvia-meTqi. gadavwyvite, SeZlebisdagvarad, samxedro saqme Se-
meswavla. ala al-molqis megobrebs Soris, romlebic sakonsulo-
Si modiodnen, erTi etamaJoris (samxedro Stabis) polkovniki iyo.
misi keTilganwyobiT visargeble, saxlSi vewvie da Cemi gaWirveba
movuyevi. Cemma monaTxrobma polkovniki Zalian gaamxiarula, be-
vri icina da miTxra: `am saqmes me viTaveb da rac saWiroa, yve-
lafers gaswavliT~. didi madloba gadavuxade da mokrZalebiT
Sevbede: `axla, roca Cemdami aseTi sikeTe gamoiCineT, gTxovT,
swavlis Tviuri safasuri ganmisazRvroT, rom daTqmul dros

120
TqvenTan siaruli ar momeridos~. Tavidan uarze iyo, magram da-
viJine, anazRaurebis gareSe Tqven Sewuxebas ver gavbedav-meTqi
da damTanxmda, oRond im pirobiT, rom fuls Tviurad ki ara,
swavlis dasrulebis mere erTbaSad gadavuxdidi. ase daviwye
samxedro saqmis Seswavla. polkovniki dReSi erT saaTs kadetski
korpusis skolis programiT mamecadinebda. Tavdapirvelad Tavis
iaraRis sawyobSi wamiyvana, saTiTaod yvela sistemis iaraRi da-
maTvalierebina da maTi muSaobis meqanizmi – Tofiswamlis Cadeba
da Caxmaxis meSveobiT gasrola – amixsna. jeri berdankas104 ti-
pis SaSxanaze midga. is Semdegnairad iteneboda: Caxmaxis zambaras
qveviT swevdi, Tofi ixsneboda, Sig vaznas debdi, zambaras maR-
la swevdi da iaraRi isroda. garda amisa, maswavla jariskacebis
marSireba, rogorc iaraRiT, ise uiaraRod, da, aseve, misalmebis
wesi. roca es yvelaferi viswavle, ori sqeltaniani samxedro wi-
gni momca: erTi militaruli taqtikis (samxedro taqtikis) da
meore militaruli administraciis (StabSi samsaxuris teqnikis)
sferoSi.
Cveni mecadineobebi Cem TeiranSi wasvlamde gagrZelda. me da
polkovniki xSirad davdiodiT wminda daviTis anu Seix sanaanis
mTaze105, erT jariskacs Tan revolveri (Tofi) mohqonda da mi-

104
berdana/berdanka amerikeli polkovnikis h. berdanis gamogonili
erTvazniani SaSxanaa, romliTac 1870-90-ian wlebSi ruseTis armia iyo
SeiaraRebuli. amis gamo mas `rusul SaSxanas~ eZaxdnen.
105
legenda Seix sanaanze, romelmac rumeli qristiani qalis siyvaruliT
uaryo islami da gaqristianda, farTod iyo gavrcelebuli
aRmosavleTSi. Camoyalibda am ambis saqarTvelosTan dakavSirebuli
lokaluri versiac, romelSic Secvlilia ara marto geografiuli
areali (moqmedeba rumidan saqarTveloSia gadmotanili), aramed ambis
boloc: Tu sparsul versiaSi Seix sanaani islams daubrunda, Tbilisur
versiaSi igi qristianad darCa, metic, didi sasuliero moRvawe mama
daviT garejeli gaxda da igi mamadaviTis eklesiis ezoSia dakrZaluli
(vrclad Seix sanaanis kavSirze TbilisTan ix.: m.aleqsiZe, sparselebi
da sparsuli kultura XIX saukunis saqarTveloSi, Tbilisi, 2009, 9-26,
109-115; M. Alexidze, “Le Cheikh Sana‘an et Tiflis/Tbilissi”, La Géorgie entre Perse
et Europe, Sous la direction de Florence Hellot-Bellier et Iréne Natchkebia, Paris, 2009,
73-85; ‘Ali Javaher Kalam, “Mazar-e Sheykh Sana‘an dar Teflis”, Armaghan, Vol. 39,

121
zanSi srolis wesebs maswavlida. erT dRes polkovnikma miTxra:
`dRevandel ruseTSi did mniSvnelobas aniWeben cekvis codnas,
radgan yovel saRamos imarTeba sacekvao mejlisebi, romlebzec
kadrils Quadrille, valss Valse da vengerkas Venguerka cekvaven~.
samxedroebi yvela cekvas vengerkas amjobinebdnen. maSindeli
kadrili xuTfiguriani iyo. Tavad mas cekva germaneli maswavle-
blis bolduinisgan hqonda naswavli. polkovnikma miTxra: `kacs
siarulze etyoba, samxedroa Tu ara. jariskaci marSirebebze
swavlobs, oficris ama Tu im brZanebaze romeli fexi win gadad-
gas da romeli – ukan. marSirebebze naswavli moZraoba mas cekvis
drosac adgeba da mocekvaves yovelTvis etyoba, samxedroa Tu
ara~.
ala al-molqi ramdenimewliani samsaxuris Semdeg Teiran-
Si dabrunda da mis nacvlad generaluri konsulis Tanamdebo-
ba aw gansvenebulma ala as-salTanem daikava. am droisaTvis me
konsulis pirveli TanaSemwis movaleobas vasrulebdi. TbilisSi
Camosvlamde ala as-salTane baRdadis konsuli iyo da, radgan
cxenebi Zalian uyvarda, iqidan sami arabuli cxeni, Calvadari106
da mejinibe Camoiyvana. erT-erTi cxeni Zalian lamazi da jiSiani
iyo. im dros mec erTi salmasuri cxeni myavda da drodadro ofi-
crebTan da madmuazelebTan erTad vseirnobdi. ala as-salTanem
miTxra: `Tqveni cxeni arafrad varga, gayideT da roca dagWirde-
baT, Cemi cxenebiT isargebleT.~ misi cxenebisadmi siyvaruli raSi
gamoixateboda, ver gavige, radgan sanam TbilisSi iyo, zed erTxe-
lac ar Semjdara da mis cxenebs TavlaSi uqmad dgomisgan rame
rom ar damarTnodaT, Calvadari da mejinibe aseirnebdnen.
erT dRes mefisnacvlis sasaxleSi miRebaze viyaviT. maspinZlis
colma madmuazel taube Taube da misi Zma warmomidgina da miTxra:
`es qalbatoni imperatricas freilinaa, misi Zma ki samarTlis
skolis warCinebuli mowafea. isini kavkasiaSi mogzauroben da
ori kvira TbilisSi darCebian. madmuazeli peterburgSi cxenze
xSirad zis da unda, rom aqac cxeniT iseirnos. kargi iqneba, Tu

No.11-12, Tehran, 1349/1971, 761-764).

Calvadari – igive foreitori anu mxedari, romelic erT uzangSi
106

Sebmul cxenebs miuZRveba da pirvel cxenze zis.

122
qalaqis Semogarens da lamaz adgilebs daaTvalierebinebT~. ala
as-salTanes wyalobiT, cxenebi myavda da orive saseirnod davpa-
tiJe. madmuazelma miTxra: `me qalis unagiri maqvs Camotanili da
gamogigzavniT. xval cxenebi moiyvaneT mefisnacvlis sasaxles-
Tan, sadac Cven vcxovrobT da aqedan erTad gaviseirnoT~. maTi
TbilisSi yofnis ganmavlobaSi oTx-xuTjer SevxvdiT da CemiT
Zalian kmayofilebi darCnen. gansakuTrebiT moewonaT arabuli
cxenebi, romlebic marTla ulamazesebi iyvnen. am qalbatons Cemi
peterburgSi elCobis periodSi aleqsandre mesamis koronaciaze
Sevxvdi. didi pativi mca da imperatorTan da imperatricasTan
diplomatiuri saqmeebis mogvarebaSi damexmara.
TeiranSi Cem dabrunebamde ramdenime TviT adre TbilisSi
arqeologiuri kongresi Archeologues congres gaimarTa107 da masze
dasaswrebad ruseTidan uamravi mecnieri Camovida. Tbilisis gu-
bernatorma sakonsuloSi werili gamogzavna da iranis mxridan
kongresze erTi kaci dapatiJa. ala as-salTanem me warmadgina.
pirvel rigSi kongresis monawileebma qristianuli eklesia da
sasaflao moinaxules, ramdenime Zveli saflavi gaxsnes da daa-
Tvalieres. rogorc ki gaxsnil saflavs haeri moxvda, micvale-
bulebis Zvlebi daiSala da nacrad iqca. mecnierebma daaskvnes,
rom es saflavebi aTaswleulebs iTvlida.
kavkasiaSi saukeTeso Rvino kaxeTis Kakhet Rvinoa da kavkasie-
lebi mas didi raodenobiT svamen. aq aseTi wesia, rom Camosul
stumrebs RviniT umaspinZldebian. kongresis monawileebisTvis
sadilad da vaxSmad wiTeli da TeTri kaxuri Rvino mihqondaT
da etiketebs uCvenebdnen, rom stumrebs Rvinis asaki Tavad en-
axaT. aq yvela didgvarovans sakuTari Rvinis saTavsi aqvs da
stumris pativiscema imiT ganisazRvreba, maspinZeli mas ramdenad
Zvel Rvinos daalevinebs. mokled, ganurCevlad yvela monawiles,
rogorc asakovan profesors, ise axalgazrdas aiZulebdnen sa-
Tvale moemarjvebina da boTlze mikruli TariRi enaxa. saqme
iqamde mivida, rom kongresis bolo dRes Tbilisis ilustrire-
bul gazeTSi daibeWda suraTi, romelze gamosaxul koSkzec

ruseTis mexuTe arqeologiuri yriloba gaimarTa TbilisSi 1881 wlis

107

seqtemberSi.

123
aguris nacvlad kaxuri Rvinis boTli exata. koSks Semoxveuli
profesorebidan zogs saTvale, zogs ki durbindi moemarjvebina
da, Zeglis nacvlad, boTlis etiketebs aTvalierebdnen. kongre-
sis monawileTa nawils es xumroba moewona da gaicina, nawilma
ki Seuracxyofad miiRo da xelisuflebas gazeTis Jurnalistis
dasja mosTxova.
roca quTaisSi CavediT, movinaxuleT erTi mTa, romlis wver­
zec Zveli taZari idga. mTis ZirSi cxenebi dagvaxvedres, zed
davsxediT da taZrisken gavemarTeT. quTaisis es mxare tyiT iyo
dafaruli da radgan Semodgoma idga, xeebi sxvadasxvafrad hyva­
oda. aTamde gansxvavebuli feris foTlebisgan iqauroba iseTi
lamazi iyo, kacs sakuTari TvaliT rom ar enaxa, aseT warmtac
sanaxaobas ver warmoidgenda. quTaisidan borjomamde da abas-
Tumnamde sul aseTi buneba iyo. aqauri tye evropulisgan imiT
gansxvavdeba, rom masSi bevri msxmoiare xea, gansakuTrebiT kaka-
li da Txili, da amiT is iranis tyeebs hgavs. gzaze imdeni veluri
marwyvi iyo, rom cxenebidan CamovdiodiT, vkrefdiT da vWamdiT.
stumrebis simravlisa da hotelsa da qalaqis TviTmarTvelo-
bis SenobaSi oTaxebis simciris gamo me da musie baroni taube
erT oTaxSi mogvaTavses. sabednierod, Zalian Tavaziani da kar-
gad aRzrdili axalgazrda aRmoCnda. diliT Cemze adre adga da
Zil-RviZilSi davinaxe, rom Tavis fexsacmelebTan erTad Cemic
aiRo da imis magivrad, rom msaxurisTvis mieca, Tavad gawminda
vaqsiT. peterburgSi Cemi elCad yofnis dros am kacs generaluri
prokuroris Tanamdeboba ekava.
Cem kongresze yofnas uSedegod ar Cauvlia. quTaisSi da mis
SemogarenSi vipoveT ori dangreuli kedeli, romelic meCeTisa
da ori mihrabis108 naSTi aRmoCnda. mihrabis Tavze da garSemo
qufuri damwerlobiT yuranis aiebi ewera. sabednierod, Seno-
bis aSenebis TariRi SemorCenili iyo. aiebi wavikiTxe, nasxiTa da
laTinuri SriftiT Cavwere da mniSvnelobac mivuwere. didxans
iTaTbires da daaskvnes, rom nangrevebi ganekuTvneboda omaiane-

mihrabi – niSa meCeTis kedelSi, romelic meqas mimarTulebas (yiblas)

108

miuTiTebs.

124
bis109 batonobis periods, roca islamuri laSqari aq Camovida da
es meCeTi aago. meCeTis adgilmdebareobidan dadginda, rom qu-
Taisi Zvelad bevrad ufro didi da ayvavebuli iyo, vidre axlaa.
amasobaSi ala al-molqis telegrama miviRe. mwerda: `naser ad-
din Sahis Zma ufliswuli ‘ez ad-doule uzenaes korteJTan er-
Tad moskovSi aleqsandre mesamisTvis gamefebis misalocad miemg-
zavreba da radgan maT rusuli enis Tarjimani ar hyavT, nazem
ad-doules vTxove, rom es misia Tqven dagakisron. gaemzadeT da
gaemgzavreT~. telegrama ala as-salTanes vaCvene. man sagareo
saqmeTa saministros miswera: `gTxovT, ruseTSi mec gamagzavnoT,
radgan TbilisSi axali Camosuli var da kargad ar micnoben, ami-
tom koronaciaze Cemi TanaSemwe rom gaemgzavros da me davrCe,
kavkasielebis TvalSi davmcirdebi~. misi Txovna daakmayofiles
da samxedro ataSe sarTifi mostafa yoli xani, romelic arde-
bilis gubernatori da iranis oficeri iyo, mrCeveli mirza ja-
vad xan sa‘ad ad-doule, ala as-salTane da Tqveni mona-morCili
moskovSi gavemgzavreT...
...generalurma konsulma TavrizSi wasvlis win sakonsulos sa-
qmeebi Tavis TanaSemwes mehdi begs gadaabara, xolo sakuTari da
sabuRaltro saqmeebi – Tqvens mona-morCils. TavrizSi Casvlidan
or TveSi misgan telegrama miviRe, romelSic mwerda: `solTan
morad mirza hosam as-salTane faTeh-e heraTi meqadan ukana gza-
ze TbilisSi gaCerdeba. sakonsulos TanamSromlebTan erTad mas
rkinigzis sadgurze daxvdiT, sakonsulos zeda sarTulze daabi-
naveT, maTi sadilisa da vaxSmis Tadarigi daiWireT da yvelaferi
iRoneT, rom kmayofilebi darCnen~. daTqmul dros maT dasaxve-
drad wavedi. ufliswuli warmosadegi, sityvaZunwi kaci gaxldaT
da mis saxeze didebulebis kvali aRbeWdiliyo. misi vaJi mansur
mirza 18-20 wlis kargad aRzrdili ymawvili iyo. mas axlda fran-
guli enis maswavlebeli mehdi xan najabi, SemdgomSi mofaxer
ad-doule, romelic Tan eqimis movaleobasac asrulebda. Svils
mamisadmi iseTi pativiscema hqonda, rom mamis nebarTvis gareSe
masTan oTaxSi ver Sedioda da maSinac, roca mama TavisTan uxmob-

omaianebi (banu umaia) – arabuli dinastia, romelic marTavda omaianTa

109

saxalifos 661-750 wlebSi.

125
da, karis zRurblTan dgeboda, iqidan mdablad Tavs ukravda da
misalmebas ver bedavda. ramdenime wuTis mere mama mas Sexedavda
da raRacas hkiTxavda, razec Svili mokrZalebulad pasuxobda.
amis mere mama wasvlis nebas rTavda da isic Tavis dakvriT ga-
dioda. cxadia, mama-Svilis aseTi urTierTobis Semyure, me da me-
hdi xanic sxvagvarad ver moviqceodiT. mxolod mansur mirzas,
mehdi xans da Tqvens mona-morCils gvqonda pativi, rom masTan
erT magidaze gvesadila da gvevaxSma, sakonsulos sxva arc erT
wevrs ar patiJebdnen. Cemi daswrebac imiT iyo ganpirobebuli,
rom misi Tarjimani viyavi, radgan ufliswulma arc erTi ucxo
ena ar icoda. erTxel ufliswulis aryofnaSi mas mefisnacvlis
TanaSemwe ewvia da ufliswuli masTan sapasuxo vizitiT gaemar-
Ta. rasakvirvelia, mec Tan wamiyvana da Tavis kaliaskaSi Camsva.
roca ufliswulma dainaxa, mefisnacvlis TanaSemwe generali sta-
roselski da misi coli rogori pativiT meqceodnen, isic Cemdami
pativiscemiT ganimsWvala. saRamoobiT, roca kaliaskebiT saseir-
nod mivdiodiT, me ufliswulis kaliaskaSi vjdebodi, misi vaJi
da mehdi xani ki – meore kaliaskaSi. im dros me layabi `xani~ ar
mqonda, magram mansur mirza da mehdi xani xans meZaxdnen. erTxel
ufliswulis vaJma Tavisi fotosuraTi momca da masze gakeTebul
warweraze xanis tituliT momixsenia. me gavaproteste da vuTxa-
ri: `xans nu werT, xani ara var~. miTxra: `darwmunebuli var, ma-
maCemi TeiranSi dabrunebisTanave am layabs moganiWebT, ase rom
me movlenebs win gavuswari~. erT dRes maTTan erTad mojTahe-
dis baRSi gaviseirne. ukana gzaze SevxvdiT mixeilis prospeqtze
Sekrebil Tbilisis moqalaqeebs, romlebic mefisnacvlisa da ho-
sam as-salTanes kaliaskebs aTvalierebdnen. maT Soris ramdenime
Cemi nacnobi iyo da momesalmnen. es rom ufliswulma dainaxa,
ifiqra, rom es xalxi misi pativiscemiT mesalmeboda da sruliad
seriozulad miTxra: `mixaria, rom Tbiliselebma am didebul ka-
liaskaSi naser ad-din Sahis biZis samsaxurSi daginaxes~. madloba
gadavuxade da movaxsene: `marTals brZanebT, es CemTvis didi be-
dnierebaa~. miuxedavad imisa, rom ufliswuli TbilisSi araofi-
cialuri vizitiT imyofeboda, ruseTis xelisufleba mas didi pa-
tiviT eqceoda: mefisnacvlis sasaxlis msgavsad, sakonsulosTan
ori jariskaci sapatio yaraulSi daayenes da yovel diliT po-

126
liciis ufrosis TanaSemwe modioda da mekiTxeboda: misi udide-
bulesoba ras gvibrZanebs, kaliaskas rodis inebebs da vis miiRe-
bso. Tumca TbilisSi yofnis ori kviris ganmavlobaSi ufliswuls
gubernatorisa da mefisnacvlis TanaSemwis garda TavisTan ara-
vin mouwvevia da Tavadac arsad wasula. man mefisnacvlis arcer-
Ti mipatiJeba ar miiRo da mxolod erTxel oficialuri sapasuxo
vizitiT imyofeboda mefisnacvlis TanaSemwesTan da erTxel – mis
colTan Caize. is arc Tbilisis gubernatorTan wavida da Tavisi
savizito baraTi me gamatana.
im dros ganjaSi, baqosa da erevanSi rkinigza ar iyo gayvanili,
amitom ufliswuli TbilisSi erTi kvira darCa, sanam mis gasamg-
zavreblad moemzadebodnen. mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi is oTaxSi
ijda da arabul da sparsul istoriul wignebs kiTxulobda. le-
qsebis ramdenime krebulic hqonda, magram leqsebi maincdamainc
ar uyvarda. me dRe da Rame ufliswulTan da mehdi xanTan erTad
viyavi. erTmaneTs saocrad miveCvieT da davmegobrdiT. Tbilisi-
dan gamgzavrebis dRes ufliswulma TavisTan mixmo. SevamCnie,
rom mehdi xans xelSi xmali eWira. ufliswulma miTxra: `es xma-
li erT-erTia im xmlebidan, romlebic heraTSi mogzaurobisas
meShedis xanebma feSqeSad110 momarTves. am saCuqarma me bevri ga-
marjveba momitana da darwmunebuli var, Tqvenc bednierebas mo-
gitanT. aiReT da wesisamebr welze SemoirtyiT~. es xorasnuli
xmali, romelsac badrijnisferi qarqaSi hqonda, marTlac rom
did iSviaTobas warmoadgenda. oqroTi moWedili vada da bude
Cinebuli ostatebis naxelavi iyo. xanjlis pirze gamoTqma `ar
aris maxvili msgavsi zu l-fakarisa111 da arc Wabuki alisTana~
da hosam as-salTanes saxeli iyo amotvifruli.

110
feSqeSi – saCuqari, ZRveni, romelsac maRali Tanamdebobis pirebs
miarTmeven.
111
zu l-fakari – islamamdeli arabeTis saxelganTqmuli ordaniani
magiuri xmali, romelsac SeeZlo dagrZelebuliyo da damoklebuliyo.
is Tavdapirvelad ekuTvnoda munabih ibn hajajs, badris WebTan
brZolaSi xelT igdo mociqulma muhamadma, xolo misi sikvdilis
Semdeg daisakuTra ali ibn abi talibma.

127
 gamgzavrebis dRes sakonsuloSi mefisnacvlis TanaSemwe movi-
da da ufliswuls oficialurad daemSvidoba. Tbilisis guber-
natorma da policiis ufrosis TanaSemwem misi udidebulesobis
kaliaska, romelsac oficeri da 25 kazaki mihyveboda, qalaqis ga-
sasvlelamde gaaciles, me ki pirvel fostis sadguramde gavyevi.
iq maT cxenebi gamocvales da gza ganagrZes, me ki ukan davbrun-
di. ufliswulis naCuqarma xmalma Cemi TanamSromlebis Suri ga-
moiwvia.

Ta v i 6
TbilisSi cxovreba
[1889-1894]

TeiranSi araferi imaleba da Sahis brZanebis112 Sesaxeb mTelma

sagareo saqmeTa saministrom gaigo. mirza Soqr alahma Cemi da-
niSvnis brZaneba dawera, gadmomca da miTxra: `imedi maqvs, Tqve-
ni yvela daniSvnis brZanebas me davwer~. marTlac, ase moxda da
wlebis mere peterburgsa da stambolSi Cemi elCad gagzavnac man
gaaforma. mTeli saqmeebi davasrule, Sahs, amin as-solTansa da
yavam ad-doules daveTxove, saxelmwifo moxeleebsa da megobrebs
davemSvidobe da enzelisken gavemarTe. vicodi, rom TbilisSi be-
vri saqme meloda, amitom yarajadaRis sardlis Zma mirza ismail
xani monSibaSis, xolo mirza mahmud xani monSis113 Tanamdeboba-
ze waviyvane. gamgzavrebis dRes amin as-solTanma Tavisi msaxuri
mirza samad xan heidari gamomigzavna da mTxova, rom Tan wamey-
vana da TbilisSi misTvis rame saqme mimeca.
enzeliSi Tbilisidan Camosuli haji mola mohamad ali dagvxv-
da da gviTxra, rom baqoSi Tbiliseli vaWrebi gvelodnen. marT-
lac, baqoSi iqauri generaluri konsuli mirza baba xani did-
vaWrebisa da iranis qveSevrdomebis TanxlebiT zRvis sanapiroze
Segvegeba. maTTan erTad iyvnen haji bayer aya rezaiovi, xameneli

112
igulisxmeba mirza reza xanis Tbilisis generalur konsulad daniSvnis
brZaneba.
113
monSi – mdivani, saqmeTa mwarmoebeli.

128
vaWari haji mohamad ebrahimi da haji mehdi aya. erTi dRe davisve-
neT da Tbilisisken gavemgzavreT. aRsTafaSi sakonsulos TanamS-
romlebi mirza faraj begi, hasan solTani da ramdenime faraSi
dagvxvdnen, Tbilisis SesasvlelTan ki konsulis TanaSemwe mirza
mohamad begi, Tarjimani Tayi begi, vaWrebi musikis TanxlebiT da
xelosnebi sakuTari droSebiT Segvegebnen. qalaqis TviTmarTve-
lobam policiis ufrosis TanaSemwe da ramdenime oficeri gamo-
gzavna. ala as-salTanes fexi stkioda da sakonsuloSi gveloda.
sakonsuloSi wasvlis win oficialuri tansacmeli Cavicvi,
radgan iq saxelmwifo droSebi iyo gamofenili. TojarbaSma114
mohamad ayam vaWrebis saxeliT da menardeebis ufrosma ali beg-
ma xelosnebis saxeliT Camosvla momiloces da mec Sesabamisi
pasuxi gaveci. Semdeg damxvdur 12 kacTan erTad sakonsuloSi
wavedi. iq SarbaTi115 da tkbileuloba moemzadebinaT. vaWrebisa da
xelosnebis winamZRolebs xelmeored Sevxvdi did darbazSi, ro-
melSic iraneli mxatvris mier zeTis saRebaviT daxatuli naser
ad-din Sahis didi portreti ekida. vaWrebs naqiravebi hqondaT
musikaluri instrumenti, romelic samxedro melodiebs ukravda,
xolo xelosnebma ramdenime qarTveli da somexi musikosi moiyva-
nes. isini sakonsuloSi rkinigzis sadguridan movidnen da dakvra
da simRera daiwyes.
sanam darbazSi vaWrebsa da xelosnebs Sevxvdebodi, jer ala
as-salTane movinaxule da vnaxe, rom fexi marTla stkioda. Cem
daniSvnasa da CamosvlasTan dakavSirebiT didi sixaruli ga-
moTqva. amasobaSi quCaSi Sekrebilebs SarbaTiT, tkbileulobi-
Ta da TambaqoTi gaumaspinZldnen. vaWrebs daxvedrisaTvis didi
madloba gadavuxade da quCaSi gavedi. Cem danaxvaze isev Sahis
sadidebeli simRera daukres da mere daiSalnen.
TbilisSi Camosvlis meore dRes mirza faraj begi meaxla. Tbi-
lisis sakonsuloSi Cemi pirveli TanamSromlobis periodSi am ka-
cis meSveobiT konsulis TanaSemwe mirza mohamad begi, romelic
Zalian mawvalebda, gavafrTxile, rom im dRis Sineboda, roca Cem
winaSe xelqveiTis rangSi warsdgeboda. mirza faraj begma miTxra:

TojarbaSi – vaWrebis ufrosi, vaWarTuxucesi.

114

SarbaTi, SerbeTi – xilis wvenis gamagrilebeli sasmeli.

115

129
`mas Semdeg, rac mirza mohamad begma Tqveni TbilisSi daniSvnisa
da CamobrZanebis ambavi gaigo, mosveneba da Zili dakarga. ambobs,
rom wlebia, rac sakonsuloSi muSaobs da colis, ori qaliSvilisa
da vaJis garda araferi abadia. eSinia, rom warsuli wyenis gamo,
Tqven mas samsaxuridan daiTxovT da maSin ufulod darCenils am
ucxo qveyanaSi ra eSveleba?~ vuTxari: `Cemgan gadaeciT, rom nu
Relavs. Tu CemSi SurisZiebis qvena grZnoba arsebobda, zecam mis-
gan ukve gamaTavisufla. imis samadlobelod, rom Cemi winaswar-
metyveleba axda, daTxovnis nacvlad davawinaureb~. meore dRes,
vxedav, mirza mohamad begi movida, darCenili pasportebi moita-
na, morCilad Cem winaSe wardga da miTxra: `ras mibrZanebT, es
pasportebi vis gadavce?~ vuTxari: `pasportebi TqvenTvis daito-
veT da sanam me aq vmuSaob, mSvidad iyaviT~. vkiTxe, ramdeni weli
iyo, rac sakonsuloSi muSaobda da mipasuxa, rom aq iusuf xan
mosTaSar ad-doulesTan erTad Camovida. vuTxari: `TiTqmis or-
moci welia, rac aq muSaobT, amitom am kviraSi TeiranSi mivwer,
rom sakonsulos pirvel TanaSemwed dagniSnon da xanis layabi
giboZon~. asec moviqeci, magram Cemma Semcvlelma CamosvlisTa-
nave is gaaTavisufla da Tavisi naTesavi daniSna. mokled, mirza
mohamad begi ras eloda da ra miiRo!
Tbilisis sakonsulos TanamSromlebi iyvnen: pirveli Ta-
naSemwe mirza mohamad xani, meore mdivani ismail xani, rusuli
enis Tarjimani mirza Tayi xani, pasportebis ganmkargulebeli da
meTvalyure mirza faraj begi, misi TanaSemwe hasan solTani da
gadamweri mirza mahmud xani.
ala as-salTane da misi xalxi ormoci dRe Cemi stumrebi iy-
vnen da mere didi pativiTa da zar-zeimiT gavacileT. isini vla-
dikavkazSi Cavidnen da iqidan safosto kaliaskebiT gaemgzavrnen.
TbilisSi Cemi samsaxuris pirvel wels Teiransa da Tavriz-
Si qoleris epidemia daiwyo da am qalaqebSi dReSi samasamde
kaci iRupeboda. avadmyofoba Tavrizidan TbilisSic Semovida
da jer iranelebSi gavrcelda. erT dRes vaWrebi da xelosnebis
winamZRolebi sakonsuloSi movidnen da miTxres: `radgan Tbili-
seli iranelebi metwilad Savi muSebi arian da erT oTaxSi sa-
mi-oTxi kaci cxovrobs, ver xerxdeba maTi sacxovreblis eqimTa
mier gakontroleba, amitom kavkasiis mTavarmarTeblis brZanebiT

130
avadmyofobis mTel qalaqSi gavrcelebis Tavidan asacileblad
iranelebi dacvis TanxlebiT julfas gziT iranSi unda gaemgza-
vron~. maT mTxoves: `Tbilisidan julfamde fexiT erTi Tvis gzaa,
TbilisSi mcxovreb 10000 iranels Soris ki bevri qali, bavSvi da
avadmyofia da maTi naxevari uwamlod gzaSi mokvdeba. rame unda
iRonoT, rom isini TbilisSi datovon~. bevri yayanisa da Cxubis
mere gadawyvites, rom Tavad isini yovel diliT iranelebs saxl-
Si miakiTxavdnen, maT sacxovrebel pirobebs daaTvalierebdnen,
iqaurobis dasufTavebas aiZulebdnen da wamlebsac daurigebd-
nen. garda amisa, moilaparakes, rom imave dRes sias Seadgendnen,
didZal fuls Seagrovebdnen, muslimuri ubnis gareT, mirzoevis
manqanaze ufro moSorebiT TviTmarTvelobisgan cariel adgils
aiRebdnen da 80 kacisa da 25 qalisTvis aaSenebdnen xis saavad-
myofos, romelSic kari, kedeli, taxti Tu skami, yvelaferi xis
iqneboda. marTlac, imave dRes sia Seadgines da daaxloebiT 5000
maneTi Seagroves. gadawyda, rom me mTavarmarTebelTan wavidodi,
am yvelafers movaxsenebdi da iranelebis Tbilisidan gandevnas
gadavaTqmevinebdi. garda amisa, vTxovdi, rom iranelebisTvis
rusi eqimi mieCinaT da cota wamlebic miecaT. mTavarmarTebeli
generali Seremetievi Zalian gulmowyale da lmobieri kaci iyo
da damTanxmda. meore dRes arairanelma vaWrebma da xelosnebmac,
romlebic ZiriTadad somxebi da qristianebi iyvnen, am saqmisTvis
fuli gaiRes da ramdenime dReSi barakebi mzad iyo. gamovacxa-
deT, rom am barakebSi marto iranelebs ki ara, qoleriT daavade-
bul nebismier adamians SeeZlo emkurnala.
bevr Tbilisels sjeroda, rom qoleras iranelebi avrceleb-
dnen da avadmyofobis SiSiT maT xelsac ki ar arTmevdnen. am
mdgomareobiT Sewuxebulma kavkasiis erT naxevradoficialur
gazeTSi aseTi moTxroba davbeWde: `erT dRes mola virze Sej-
da da qalaqSi wavida. gzaSi dainaxa saSineli urCxuli, romelic
misken midioda. udabnos boroti suli an jini egona da `RmerTo
miSveles~ Zaxili da misken furTxeba daiwyo. magram am Selocvam
ar uSvela da urCxuli TandaTan uaxlovdeboda. roca sul axlos
mivida, molas miesalma da uTxra: `nu geSinia, me RvTis mociqu-
li var, qolera mqvia da man am qalaqSi imitom gamomgzavna, rom
vinc RmerTs ar eTayvaneba, movkla~. molam RmerTisa da mociqu-

131
lis saxeli rom gaigona, SiSma gauara da uTxra: `Tu qalaqSi mi-
dixar, ukan Semomijeqi~. marTlac, urCxuli virze Seisva da gza
erTad ganagrZes. roca qalaqis WiSkars miadgnen, qolera viri-
dan Camovida da molas uTxra: `aq unda gaviyaroT da Sen Seni
gziT wadi da me – CemiT~. molam hkiTxa: `RmerTma ramdeni kacis
mokvla gibrZana?~ qoleram upasuxa: `zustad 1000 kacis~. molam
uTxra: `maincdamainc sando ar Canxar, sityva momeci, rom 1000
kacze mets ar moklav~. qolera Sehpirda da erTmaneTs daSord-
nen. qalaqis gubernatoris brZanebiT, qolerisgan daxocilebs
qalaqis SesasvlelTan marxavdnen da saflavebs kirs ayridnen.
erTi kviris mere mola Tavis sofelSi brundeboda. karibWes rom
Cauara, guSags mkvdrebis raodenoba hkiTxa. roca gaigo, rom maTi
ricxvi 10000-s aRwevda, SesZaxa: `Se sityvis gamtexo, uRmerTo qo-
lerav! RvTis amdeni qmnileba ratom daxoce?~ qoleram upasuxa:
`sulswrafo molav, pasuxs me ki nu mTxov, mokiTxe RmerTs, ro-
melmac aq gamomgzavna. me aTas kacze meti ar momiklavs, danar-
Ceni cxra aTasi SiSiT mokvda. me arafer SuaSi var~.
Cemma moTxrobam sayovelTao mowoneba daimsaxura da sxva
gazeTebmac, maT Soris ucxourebma, gadabeWdes. gansakuTrebiT
eqimebs moswondaT, magaliTebi mohyavdaT da ambobdnen, SiSma sa-
Sineli faRaraTi iciso.
qoleris epidemiis dReebSi erTi sazogadoebis116 Tavmjdoma-
ris werili miviRe. mwerda: `erT iranels qolera daemarTa da
kvdeba. gTxovT, sakonsulodan vinme movides da misi anderZi
moisminos~. mirza mohamad xans davuZaxe da vubrZane, wasuliyo.
miTxra: `me ojaxis patroni var da qolera rom damemarTos da
movkvde, Cems col-Svils vin upatronebs?~ mirza faraj begma da
Tayi xanmac uari miTxres. Zalian gavbrazdi, vubrZane, kaliaska
moemzadebinaT da Tavad wavedi. sazogadoebaSi rom mivedi, vnaxe,
avadmyofi iwva da piridan duJi gadmosdioda. Zalian gamxdari
kaci iyo da misgan carieli Zvali da tyavi darCeniliyo. saxe-

sazogadoebis rusuli saxeli avtors damaxinjebulad gaugia da

116

Cauweria – Māsteh Nīkī Zāmok da gaSifvra Wirs. SesaZloa es iyos klitis

xelosanTa gaerTianeba, Tumca XIX saukunis TbilisSi, Cveulebriv,
aseTi viwro specializaciis amqrebi ar iqmneboda.

132
li vkiTxe da mipasuxa, salmaseli somexi aspatani varo. anderZad
damibara, rom ama da am adgilas amdeni da amdeni fuli hqonda,
romelic misi sikvdilis mere misi erTaderTi disTvis unda ga-
dameca. gavifiqre: iqneb qolera ar Wirs, vcdi, egeb hipnoziT
movarCino-meTqi. mbrZanebluri toniT mkvaxed vuTxari: `briy-
vo, ar grcxvenia, rom generaluri konsulis winaSe gawolilxar?
adeqi, Se aramzada, Sena!~ vnaxe, rom ar uSvela. miwaze fexi da-
vabakune da ufro uxeSad SevuZaxe: `adeqi, Se briyvo, Sena!~ uceb
gainZra da wamojda. sazogadoebis Tavmjdomare, romelic Cvens
saubars eswreboda, gaognda da mTxova: `neba momeciT, aqaur eqims
davuZaxo, rom movides da am sawyals rame uSvelos~. eqimi rom
movida, gaocebulma Tqva: `Tqven saswauli moaxdineT da es kaci
moarCineT. ori-sam dRes aq davtovebT, koniaks davalevinebT da
kargad gaxdeba~. somexi ki movarCine, magram me TviTon qolera
damemarTa. sakonsuloSi damawvines da sxvebis samkurnalo gavx-
di. sabolood, mec gadavrCi da somexic.
ori wlis samsaxuris Semdeg gansvenebuli naser ad-din Sahis
gankarguleba gamaxsenda. pasportebis fuli yoveli mxridan wvi-
masaviT modioda da saxelmwifo bankSi ukve gvarianad Tanxa iyo
dagrovili. iranel didvaWrebs rCeva vkiTxe, es fuli sando adgi-
las sad davabando-meTqi? miTxres: `fulis dabandebis saukeTeso
adgili miwis sakuTrebaa. TbilisSi da borjomSi, romelsac kar-
gi momavali aqvs, miwa iyideT~. es rCeva WkuaSi damijda. erTxel
CemTan iranelebis axlo megobari mirza mohamad ali xani movida
da miTxra: `ratom CqarobT da arabebs ratom ar baZavT, romle-
bic gvirCeven, mihyevi Sens gzaso. rogorc ki iranSi gaigeben, rom
Tbilisis sakonsulos amxela Semosavali aqvs, yvelas aq moundeba
wamosvla. sagareo saqmeTa saministroSi iahia xanisnairi kaci rom
movides, Tqven araferi dagrCebaT. jobs, fuli bankSi SeinaxeT da
aqciebi iyideT~. vupasuxe: `damSviddiT, dasamali araferi maqvs,
radgan am miwas Sahis brZanebis Tanaxmad vyidulob~.
borjomSi, romlis SemogarenSic uamravi mdinare da minera-
luri wyaroa, uzarmazar Tanxad miwa viyide da iranul yaidaze
hoteli `firuze~ avaSene117. naZerwobebisa da sarkeebis xelosani

borjomis `firuzes~ da arfa‘ ad-doules Tbilisis rezidencias aRt-

117

133
yazvinidan Camoviyvane118, iraneli mxatvari ki – baqodan. maT ho-
telis karebis Tavze damagrebul Savi qvis filebze oqroTi le-
qsebi amotvifres. pirvel karze es leqsi:
`1300-dan cxra weli iyo gasuli,
roca am patara saxlsa da baRs
firuze uwodes megobrebma da axloblebma
da is mirza reza xanis saxsovrad darCa~.
meore karze ki Semdegi leqsi:
`Tqva saadim: umjobesia adamianma
keTili saxeli datovos, vidre oqros sasaxle.
mirza reza xani ki amqveynad datovebs
rogorc keTil saxels, ise oqros sasaxleebs~.
borjomis borcvis wverze, saqarTvelos saxelganTqmuli de-
doflis Tamaris sasaxlis mopirdapire mxares saagarakod Sevar-
Cie ulamazesi vake adgili, saidanac didebuli xedi iSleboda.
radgan iqauroba imperatoris biZas did Tavad mixeils ekuTvno-
da da arc iyideboda da arc saCuqrad gaicemoda, erTi swori ad-
gili da baRi uvadod viqirave. iq iranul yaidaze saxli avaSene
da qvis filaze Semdegi qronograma amovakveTine:
`arfa‘ ad-doulem didebul borjomSi borcvi
SearCia misi saxeliviT amaRlebuli.

acebiT moixsenieben imdroindeli evropeli da rusi mogzaurebic. ix.

mag.: J. W. Bookwalter, Siberia and Central Asia, Springfield, Ohio, 1899, 368-369
(wigns erTvis `firuzes~ avtoriseuli foto); E.A. Brayley Hodgetts, Round
about Armenia: The Record of a Journey across the Balkans through Turkey, the Cauca-
sus and Persia in 1895, London, 1896, 56; C. Lefévre-Pontalis, De Tiflis á Persépolis,
Paris, 1894, 11; Г. Джаншиев, Перл Кавказа (Боржом-Абастуман). Впечатления
и мысли туриста, Москва, 1900, 82-83 (wigns erTvis `firuzes~ foto);
i. koSoriZe, saqarTvelo-iranis kulturul urTierTobaTa istori-
idan, 157, 163.
118
am xelosnis saxeli – mirza mohamad nayaS-e yazvini (yazvineli mxatvari
mirza mohamadi) sarkeebiani aivnis centrSia gamosaxuli (Дж. Гиунашвили,
“О персидских надписях Боржомской Фирюзы”, 244-248).

134
 mas daneSabadi119 unda ewodos,
radgan mirza reza xanis saxsovaria am qveyanaze.~
am borcvis miwa Zalian magari da nayofieri iyo. erTi qarT-
veli mebaRe myavda, saxelad aleqsi. erT wels, roca peterbur-
gidan am agarakze Camovedi, uzarmazari kartofili momarTva.
amxela kartofili cxovrebaSi ar menaxa, patara nesvis sididis
iqneboda. radgan borjomidan stokholmSi mivdiodi, Tan waviRe,
iq pirvelsave meyvaviles miveci da vTxove, rom Cemi fanjris win
yvavilebs Soris daergo, raTa dilidan Ramemde damTvarieleble-
bs evloT da waekiTxaT muyaoze gakeTebuli warwera: es karto-
fili arfa‘ ad-doules borjomis baRidan aris.
im wels gazeTSi gancxadeba gamoqveynda: germanelma inJinerma
ruseTSi samsaxuris periodSi gudoviCis quCaze ori saxli aaSena:
erTi didi, orsarTuliani, Tavisi baRiT da meore mis gverdiT,
aseve orsarTuliani. radgan man TbilisSi samsaxuri daasrula da
germaniaSi brundeba, am saxlebs yidis. orive saxli viyide da sar-
keebis ostati, romelmac borjomSi imuSava, iq miviyvane. misaRe-
bi oTaxis Weri mTlianad sarkis CarCoSi Cavasmevine, eqvswaxnaga
da rvawaxnaga figurebi ki parizSi dabeWdili `aTas erTi Ramis~
wignis ilustraciebiT Sevavsebine. eqimi lali mirza ali xani im
dros TbilisSi iyo da radgan sarkis inkrustaciebi almasisgan
gakeTebuls hgavda, am saxls almasis sasaxle Searqva da misTvis
ori qronograma dawera. erTi dubeiTi iyo da is Sesasvleli ka-
ris Tavze moTavsebul marmarilos filaze italielma qvismTle-
lebma amokveTes:
`daneSis sasaxlis TariRis ZiebaSi,
verafers miagno am didbunovanma,
sanam samoTxes rva ar miumata,
maSin aRimarTa almasis sasaxle~.
meore leqsi ki quCaze gamavali fanjris Tavze iyo amot-
vifruli:

`daneSabad~ daneSis dasaxlebas niSnavs. miniSnebaa mirza reza xanis

119

layabze `daneS~, xolo `abad~ sparsulSi geografiuli saxelebis

mawar­moebeli sufiqsia.

135
 `ra mSvenieria es sefe120, romelic mxatvris kalamma
arJangisa da evangeliis suraTebiT moxata.
tirifisa da nuSis xeebis CrdilSi auzebi mimalula,
maTze qarma vardis furclebi mimofanta.
am kar-midamosa da daneSis didebulebis aRweraSi
davSvri da Zala gamomelia.
mis diad bunebasTan SedarebiT Rrubeli da zRva ra aris?
RvTiv boZebulia misi dRiTi-dRe mzardi sidiade.
vuTxari: hoi, nebiero, TariRi eZie.
miTxra qaragma, romelsac qvemoT amovxsni:
cxras nu miuwer im qaragmis margalits, romelic lalim aasxa,
ra mSvenieria, zurmuxtisfer budeSi [Casmuli] almasis
sasaxle~.

roca mSenebloba dasrulda, gadawyda, rom 1310/1892 wels misi

udidebulesobis dabadebis dRis aRsaniSnavad da misi usazRvro
mowyalebis samadlobelod axal saxlSi iseT zeims gavmarTavdi,
romlis badalic qveyanaze aravis enaxa.
baRs ori auzi hqonda: erTi, eqvswaxnaga, baRis centrSi iyo
mowyobili, xolo meore, marmarilos patara auzi – Senobis win.
es ukanaskneli italielma ostatebma gaakeTes. Sampanuris Wiqis
formis larnakidan ganuwyvetliv gadmosCqefda wyali, romelic
marmarilos auzSi iRvreboda da iqidan yvavilnarze gadadioda.
msurda, rom Sadrevnidan wylis nacvlad kaxur Rvinos edina da
auzi aevso, raTa stumrebs Rvino pirdapir auzidan daeliaT.
amisTvis auzis oTx mxares larnakis fexis zemoT xis brjene-
bze didi akaciis yvavilebi gavakeTebine. erTi uzarmazari govza
kaxuri wiTeli Rvino, romelSic sami-oTxi aTasi boTli eteoda,
viyide da movatanine. aseT govzebs zafxulSi rusi oficrebi
wyliT avseben da Sig sxdebian. mTavrobis sasaxlis filakvaniT es
govza aswies da akaciis formis brjenebze daayenes. govza kau-
Cukis miliT Sadrevnis mils SeuerTes da rogorc ki onkans gaxs-
nidi, Rvino brjenebis meSveobiT maRla adioda da auzs avsebda.

sefe XIX saukuneSi sasaxlis mniSvnelobiT ixmareboda da n. CubinaSvi-

120

lis cnobiT, modis sityvidan sauflo, samefo (n. CubinaSvili, qarTu-

li leqsikoni, Tbilisi, 1961, 362).

136
 sadResaswaulo saRamosTvis mTavarmarTebels samxedro or-
kestri vTxove. saxelmwifo jabaxanaSi121 feierverki SevukveTe da
davadgmevine Zveli koSkis kedelTan, romelic baRs gadmohyureb-
da. xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebidan da didgvarovnebidan
imdeni stumari davpatiJe, rom sastumro da sasadilo oTaxebSi
dateuliyvnen. gamaxsenda madam stasuleviCis pansionSi somexi
gogonasa da alixanovis kamaTi da alixanovs specialuri mosawve-
vi gavugzavne. adgilobriv gazeTSi gamovaqveyne gancxadeba: Sahis
dabadebis dResTan dakavSirebiT sakonsulos baRSi feierverki
imarTeba da baRi stumrebisTvis Riaa. baRi Cinuri da iaponuri
farnebiT movrTe da mTvaris Suqze iqauroba Zalian lamazi iyo.
im dros TbilisSi imyofeboda abd al-bayi yarabaRi, romel-
sac Zalian kargi xma hqonda. is didi xnis ganmavlobaSi iranul
musikas iranSi swavlobda, mere ki TbilisSi Camoayaliba orkes-
tri, romelSic Tarze, fleitaze, qamanCeze da or patara dolze
damkvrelebi Sediodnen. im saRamos abd al-bayis musikosebi mo-
Tavsdnen sastumro oTaxis aivanze, romelic baRs gadahyurebda,
samxedro orkestri ki – Sig baRSi. oTxi oficianti vercxlis
TasebiT xelSi auzis garSemo idga da stumrebs RviniT umas-
pinZldeboda. qarTvelebsa da somxebs kaxuri Rvino Zalian uy­
varT, amitom erTi-ori WiqiT ar kmayofildebodnen.
warmoidgineT: auzis mimdebare ezo, xeebis Zirebi da brjene-
bi sxvadasxvaferi yvavilebiT iyo morTuli. haerSi asobiT Cinu-
ri da iaponuri farani ekida da auzsa da masSi wiTlad moli-
vlive Rvinos anaTebda. feierverkma ki am zeims kidev ufro meti
brwyinvaleba Sehmata. stumrebs Soris mSvenieri norCi qarTveli
princesebic iyvnen. Tbilisis gubernatorma princma ServaSiZem,
romelic cnobili poeti iyo da leqsebs sakuTar enaze werda,
roca mTvaris SuqiT ganaTebuli aivnidan abd al-bayisa da misi
musikosebis simRera, xolo baRidan samxedro orkestris xma gai-
gona, roca Rvinis auzi, mSvenieri princesebi da feierverki ixi-
la, damiZaxa da miTxra: `am saRamos Tqven me muslimad maqcieT~.
vkiTxe: `rogor?~ mipasuxa: `Tqveni winaswarmetyvelis samoTxis

jabaxana – sajabadro, arsenali, adgili, sadac iaraRsa da Tofis

121

wamals inaxaven.

137
aRwera leqsebSi wakiTxuli mqonda, magram misi arseboba ar mje-
roda, dRes saRamos ki virwmune, rom muhamedis dapirebuli sa-
moTxe marTlac arsebobs da is aqaurobis msgavsi iqneba~.
TbilisSi Cemi samsaxuris dros sagareo saqmeTa saministro-
dan telegrama miviRe. matyobinebdnen, rom amin aydasi Tvalebis
samkurnalod venaSi miemgzavreboda da mas sefahsalaris geri
ahmad xani, yazvinis gubernatori sa‘ad as-salTane da ori xoja
axlda. mTxovdnen, rom maT enzeliSi davxvedrodi, venaSi game-
cilebina da ukana gzazec ruseTis sazRvridan raSTamde gavyo-
lodi. venaSi didi pativiT vimgzavreT da ukana gzaze raSTSi
damSvidobebisas gadmomces Sahis saCuqari: didebuli isfahanu-
ri yalamdani122, romelic Zvirfasi qvebiT iyo mooWvili da zed
oqros melniT oficialur tansacmelSi gamowyobili naser ad-
din Sahi exata.
TbilisSi samsaxuris xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi iranidan Camosu-
li yvela didgvarovani da sazogado moRvawe, romelic meqaSi an
evropaSi miemgzavreboda, Cemi stumari iyo da `almasis sasaxle-
Si~ Cerdeboda, radgan iq bevri oTaxi iyo.
TbilisSi Camosvlis pirvel wels musie pusletis rCeva ga-
maxsenda da wiTeli xisgan uzarmazari oTxganyofilebiani kara-
da gavakeTebine. moxuci kacis qandakeba Camovitane da erT-erT
ganyofilebaSi eulad Cavde. roca mekiTxebodnen, es ra ariso,
vpasuxobdi, rom muzeumi iyo. damcinodnen da giJsa da sulels
meZaxdnen. erT TveSi es laparaki Sewyda, radgan CemTan Camosu-
li yvela stumari, iraneli iqneboda, rusi Tu somexi, iq raRacas
debda da TandaTan pirTamde aivso. axla mSvidobis galerea123 da
ori didi oTaxi im karadaSi Segrovebuli sxvadasxva qveynis an-
tikvaruli nivTebiT aris savse. xalxi specialurad Camodis mo-
nakoSi da Cemi megobrebisgan sarekomendacio werilebi Camoaqvs,
rom es nivTebi daaTvalieros.
TbilisSi yofnis mesame wels ala al-molqis telegrama mi-
viRe. mwerda, rom TeiranSi midioda da gzad TbilisSi Semoivli-
da. misi ZmisSvili haji naser as-salTane TbilisSi Cemi stumari

122
yalamdani – sakalme, penali.
123
monakoSi mirza reza xanis saxlis `daneSgahis~ erT-erTi darbazi.

138
iyo da evropaSi apirebda gamgzavrebas. mTxova, rom vladikavka-
zamde gamecilebina. kaliaskaSi CavsxediT da is iyo, gzas unda
davdgomodiT, rom Cvensken momavali haji mohamad bayer re-
zaiovi davinaxeT. davelodeT da rom mogviaxlovda, miTxra: `me
TqvenTan raRac saqme mqonda, Tqven ki miemgzavrebiT~. vupasuxe:
`kaliaska oTxkaciania, Cven ki mxolod orni varT. dabrZandiT da
vladikavkazamde Tqveni problemebi mogviyeviT~. iuara da Tqva:
`me vaWari var da aTasi saqme maqvs, vladikavkazSi ver wamoval~.
rezaiovi haji naser as-salTanes megobari iyo da dros erTad
atarebdnen xolme. naser as-salTanem miTxra: `iranis qveSevrdomi
rogor bedavs, rom generalur konsuls ar emorCileba? sakonsu-
los faraSebs ubrZaneT, rom kaliaskaSi ZaliT Casvan~. mec Zalian
mindoda, rom rezaiovi CvenTan erTad wamosuliyo, radgan kargi
mosaubre iyo, amitom faraSebs vubrZane, rom kaliaskaSi CaesvaT.
mokled, me kaliaskis marjvena mxares davjeqi, naser as-salTane –
marcxniv, haji ki sapatio adgilze win davsviT. naser as-salTane
Cem gverdiT ijda, xolo Cemi Cemodani wina skamze ido. fostis
sadgur yazbegSi cxenebi gamovcvaleT da visadileT. kaliaskaSi
rom vsxdebodiT, RmerTma gadmogvxeda da daviJine, rom rezaiovi
Cem win damjdariyo, Cemodani ki naser as-salTanes win davde. gza-
Si hajim miTxra: `aq mTa gadaWrilia da wvimis mere xSirad mTidan
qva-RorRi cviva. am dros gza ixergeba da gasawmendad muSebi mo-
dian xolme~. cota rom gaviareT, uceb mTas qvis lodi mowyda da
Cemodans daeca. Cemodanic daimsxvra da kaliaskasac wina marcxe-
na borbali gautyda. haji mohamad bayers qvam qudi moglija da
cota Tavi dauziana. ramdenime wuTi ugonod iyo, mere ki Tavze
xeli moikida, gaognebulma aqeT-iqiT mimoixeda, magram momxdaris
azrze ver movida. cxadia, kaliaskidan CamovediT, rezaiovic Ca-
moviyvaneT da im saxifaTo adgils gaverideT. SemTxvevis Sesaxeb
fostis sadgurSi SevatyobineT da sxva kaliaska gamogvigzavnes.
wasvlis win SemTxvevis adgili movinaxuleT. Cemi daJineba rom
ara, is qva haji mohamad bayers gaWyletda. gons mosulma re-
zaiovma gatexili kaliaska rom dainaxa, Zalian SeeSinda da Tqva:
`ukan rom davbrundebiT, Raribebs mowyalebas davurigeb~. misi
da sakuTari sindisis winaSe Zalian mrcxvenoda, vnanobdi, rom

139
vaiZule, CvenTan erTad wamosuliyo. Cems Tavs piroba miveci, rom
arasodes aravis Cems megzurobas aRar davaZalebdi.
samwuxarod, TbilisSi Cemi konsulobis dasasruls mola haji
babaie yazi gardaicvala da misi vaJi erevnidan Camovida. misi
siZe CemTan davibare da TbilisSi Cemi saxlis, sastumro `firuze-
sa~ da `daneSabadis~ meTvalyureoba davavale. peterburgSi Cemi
samsaxuris dros TbilisSi Cems saqmeebs is agvarebda. (es kaci aya
mohamad xan saed maraRais mama iyo da SemdgomSi Cemi vaJis hasanis
maswavlebeli gaxda).

140
 MIRZA REZA KHAN ARFA‘ AD-DOWLE AND GEORGIA

Mirza Reza Khan who was also well-known with several other grand-sounding
names and titles such as “Danesh”, “Arfa‘ ad-Dowle”, “Mo‘in al-Vezare” and
“Prince” was one of the distinguished figures of the late Qajar period. He went down
in history as a politician, diplomat, philanthropist, poet, amateur expert of architecture
and antiquities, collector and a widely educated polyglot, who was respected and well
received in different countries all over the world and who had connections with many
of the famous people of his time.
Mirza Reza Khan was born in 1853 in Tabriz to a family of Muslim emigrants
from Yerevan. After he finished the elementary school in Tabriz, he continued his
education in Istanbul and later in Tbilisi. In 1876 and 1877, he was a student of the
Tbilisi Shi‘ite school and practiced the French and Russian languages at the boarding
school of Madam Stasulevich. At the same time, he worked as a courier in the Iranian
consulate. In 1878, he had an opportunity to participate in the official reception
ceremony for the Iranian monarch Naser ad-Din Shah Qajar (1848-1896) who was
visiting Tbilisi. After this visit, he started to work in the consulate as a translator and
later as the First Secretary.
In 1889, he was appointed the Consul General of Iran in Tbilisi. The years
between 1889 and 1894 were his most successful for his activities as a diplomat;
in addition he undertook significant construction and charity projects in Georgia.
The Iranian consulate was one of the favourite places for Iranians who lived in or
travelled to Georgia. Various celebrations were held there in honour of Iranian nobles
as well as for guests from other countries.
Mirza Reza Khan had a strong passion for construction and design. In 1891,
Persian merchants advised him to buy a plot of land in the spa town of Borjomi
“because it has a good future”. For “an enormous amount of money” he purchased
the land near the entrance to the Mineral Waters Park and built there the beautiful
palace Firuze in an Iranian style. The second plot of land he chose was located at
the top of the Borjomi Mountain from where a charming view of the valley opened
out. Mirza Reza Khan built there his own summer house called Daneshabad, i. e.
the Settlement of Danesh. The palace did not survive but it is briefly described in the
memoires of Mirza Reza Khan. At the entrance of the palace an Oriental style the
stone with chronogram was installed saying:
Arfa‘ad-Dowle selected a hill in gorgeous Borjomi
Superb as his name.
And it shall be named Daneshabad,
As it is Mirza Reza Khan’s gift to this world.
Unlike the Daneshabad, the palace Firuze, which was completed in 1892 is
still standing as one of the pearls of Borjomi. 2 In the Persian language firuze (

141
‫ ) هزوریف‬means ‘turquoise’, the precious (or semi-precious) stone, which was in
Persia the de facto national stone for millennia, extensively used to decorate various
objects, mosques, palaces, and other important buildings both inside and out. Indeed,
a bluish-turquoise colour dominates not only in the façades of the house but in its
interiors as well. But the name of the hotel had also another, symbolic meaning
since ‘turquoise’ (‘firuze’) also symbolizes good fortune and victory. This symbolic
meaning would have been particularly important for Mirza Reza Khan as this period
was one of the most successful and victorious in his diplomatic carrier. The name
of the palace is carved on the facades of the building in three languages – Persian,
French, and Russian.
Firuze is a beautiful architectural work distinguished for its mixture of Oriental,
Georgian and European features. A wooden openwork balcony that is typical of
Georgia elegantly fits into the European rusticated façade adorned with relief garlands
and putti; Stucco, mirror-glass and the painted decoration of the interior of the wooden
balcony are made in the Iranian style; European iron cast decorated balconies are
interlaced with Persian monograms of Mirza Reza Khan. The pointed arch of the
wooden balcony on the second floor level is flanked with two symmetrically placed
images of the lion and the sun, which was the Coat of Arms of the Qajar dynasty.
For the stucco and glass decorations of the Palace Mirza Reza Khan invited
a master from Qazvin and for the paintings a Persian artist came from Baku. The
name of the master from Qazvin is written in the cartouche on the central part of the
decoration of the balcony:
The work of Mirza Mohammad Naqqash Qazvini. 1309 (1891/92).
The compositional and ideological centre of the wooden balcony is a set of five
portraits, which depict the ruler of Iran, Naser ad-Din Shah, his son, the Crown prince
Muzaffar ad-Din Mirza, the Prime Minister (Sadr-e A’zam) of Iran, Mirza ‘Ali Asghar
Khan Amin as-Soltan, and two portraits of Mirza Reza Khan himself .
In 1892, after completing the Firuze Palace, Mirza Reza Khan bought a house
from a German engineer in the city of Tbilisi, on Gudovich (present Chonkadze)
Street, reconstructed it in an Oriental style and moved the Consulate there. For this
work, he invited Italian masons and Iranian interior decorators, one of whom was
Mirza Mohammad Naqash Qazvini, the master who contributed to the embellishment
of the palace Firuze. They created the unique attractiveness of the house with a
balanced mix of Islamic and European architectural elements. As the interior of the
building was decorated with mirror glass and looked like diamonds, the Iranian doctor
and poet Mirza ‘Ali Khan La‘li called it the “Diamond Palace”. He also wrote two
Persian inscriptions especially for the Diamond Palace, which are engraved above the
entrance and windows of the house.
The official opening ceremony of the Palace took place on the birthday of Naser
ad-Din Shah, the 16th July, 1893. On Mirza Reza Khan’s order the marble basin

142
of a fountain, which had the shape of a champagne glass, poured red wine instead
of water and guests could drink wine directly from it. In the evening, the consulate
looked stately - the garden around the fountain was decorated with flowers, hundreds
of Chinese and Japanese lanterns were hung and illuminated the garden and being
reflected in the basin full of wine. Fireworks arranged on the slope of Mtatsminda
Mountain gave to the a particular gorgeousness to the festive occasion. The palace
and its garden were full of local nobles and Iranians who lived in Tbilisi. The waiters
around the basin offered wine to the guests with silver bowls. The military orchestra
of the Governor of the Caucasus and the band of the Iranian musician ‘Abd al-Baqi
Karabaghi entertained the guests. The attraction was so impressive, that the Governor
of Tbilisi, Giorgi Shervashidze, told Mirza Reza Khan: “this evening you converted
me to Islam, ... I read the poetry with the description of Paradise written by your
Prophet, but didn’t believe in its existence. This evening I discovered that the paradise
promised by the Prophet exists and it could be similar to this place”.
In 1895 Mirza Reza Khan was appointed the Minister of Iran to the Russian
Empire and departed for St Petersburg. During his diplomatic mission in St Petersburg,
he was simultaneously the Iranian chargé d’affaires in Sweden and Norway. In 1899,
Mirza Reza Khan Arfa‘ ad-Dowle was the head of the Iranian delegation to the Hague
Peace Conference. From 1901 to 1910, he was the Ambassador Extraordinary and
Plenipotentiary of Iran to the Ottoman Empire. In 1910-1912 he settled in Monte
Carlo, Monaco and built there an extravagant three-story palace Daneshgah. The
design of the house was a replication of the decorative programme of his house in
Tabriz. Later the house in Monaco was called “Villa Isfahan”, “Villa Danesh” and
“Museum of Iran”. On the first floor of the house, there is the Gallery of Peace where
many antiquities and rare books are on display. In 1913, Arfa‘ ad-Dowle returned to
Iran and became for a short time the Minister of Justice. Between 1920 and 1926,
he was the representative of Iran to the League of Nations. In different periods of
his life he held the military ranks of First Sartip, Amir Tuman and Amir Noyan and
positions of the Adjutant General of the Shah and deputy to the main Adjutant of the
Crown prince. In 1904, 1933, 1935, 1936, and 1937 he was nominated for the Nobel
Peace Prize.
Mirza Reza Khan was a widely educated person with many interests. Along with
the diplomatic service and engagement in public activities he was also a publicist and
poet, whose poetic and other works were published in Persian, Russian, Turkish and
French languages.
In the last period of his life Mirza Reza Khan Arfa‘ ad-Dowle spent time partly
in Tehran and partly in Monaco. In 1937, he passed away in Tehran at the age of 84
years old. His name was most vividly memorialized in the buildings he constructed
– “Firuze” in Borjomi, “Diamond Palace” in Tbilisi, “Villa Danesh” in Monaco, and
„Rezaabad“ in Tehran, which has been the Exhibition Hall of the Ministry of Culture
of Iran in the 1950s.

143
‫ﺳﺎل ‪1913‬م‪ .‬ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن ﺑﮫ اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ و‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪه‬ ‫‪1926-1920‬م‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﮭﺎی‬ ‫ﻃﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻟﯿﮫ‬ ‫وزﯾﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻞ ﺑﻮد‪ .‬در دوران ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﯿﺮزا‬ ‫اﯾﺮان در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮫ‬
‫رﺿﺎﺧﺎن ﺑﮫ ﻋﻨﻮان دﺳﺘﯿﺎر و آﺟﻮدان اول ﺷﺎھﺰاده ﻣﻈﻔﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺮزا‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﺗﯿﭗ اول و ﺳﺮﻟﺸﮕﺮ اﻧﺘﺼﺎب داﺷﺘﮫ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻزم ﺑﺬﮐﺮ اﺳﺖ او در ﺳﺎلھﺎی ‪ 1936 ،1935 ،1933 ،1904‬و‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﺰد درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﺟﺎﯾﺰه ﺻﻠﺢ ﻧﻮﺑﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1937‬م‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن ﺑﮫ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ ﮐﺮده و‬

‫ذوق‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ‪،‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫دﯾﭙﻠﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻼوه‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ای ھﻢ داﺷﺖ‪ .‬از ﺗﺎﻟﯿﻔﺎت او ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان رﺳﺎﻟﮫ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ‪" ،‬ﺧﺎﻃﺮات ﭘﺮﻧﺲ ارﻓﻊ" و ﺳﮫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮫ اﺷﻌﺎر را‬
‫ذﮐﺮ ﮐﺮد‪.‬‬

‫اواﺧﺮ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن ﮔﺎھﯽ اوﻗﺎت در ﺗﮭﺮان‬

‫و ﮔﺎھﯽ در ﻣﻮﻧﺎﮐﻮ اﻗﺎﻣﺖ داﺷﺖ‪ .‬او در ﺳﺎل ‪1937‬م‪ .‬در‬
‫ﺳﻦ ‪ 84‬ﺳﺎﻟﮕﯽ در ﺗﮭﺮان ﻓﻮت ﮐﺮد‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺎرات ھﺎی ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮫ‬
‫ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن "ﻓﯿﺮوزه" در ﺷﮭﺮ ﺑﻮرﺟﻮﻣﯽ‪،‬‬
‫"ﻗﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﺎس" در ﺗﻔﻠﯿﺲ‪" ،‬وﯾﻼداﻧﺶ" در ﻣﻮﻧﺎﮐﻮ و ﺧﺎﻧﮫ‬
‫ﺗﮭﺮاﻧﺶ"رﺿﺎ آﺑﺎد" ﮐﮫ در ﺑﺎغ ارﻓﻌﯿﮫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮫ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ‪ ،‬در ﺳﺎﻟﮭﺎی ‪1960-1950‬م‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎھﯽ وزارت‬
‫ﻓﺮھﻨﮓ اﯾﺮان "ﺗﺎﻻر ﻓﺮھﻨﮓ" در آن ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮫ ﺷﺪ و اﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎھﺎ واﺿﺤﺘﺮ و ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮫ ﺗﺮ از ھﺮ ﭼﯿﺰ دﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﺎم او را‬
‫در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪144‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻣﻤﻠﻮ از ﻣﯿﮭﻤﺎﻧﺎن ﺑﻮﻣﯽ و اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﮭﺎی ﻣﻘﯿﻢ‬
‫ھﺎی)ﻓﻨﺠﺎن(‬ ‫ﻃﺎس‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺸﺨﺪﻣﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻮض‬ ‫اﻃﺮاف‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻠﯿﺲ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺮه در دﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﻐﻮل ﭘﺬﯾﺮاﯾﯽ از ﻣﯿﮭﻤﺎن ھﺎ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﯽ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﮫ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻠﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫اورﮐﺴﺘﺮ‬
‫ﮐﺮده‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻮه‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺟﺸﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺮهﺑﺎﻏﯽ(‬ ‫اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ)ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺒﺎﻗﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺸﻦ آﻧﻘﺪر ﺧﺎﻃﺮه اﻧﮕﯿﺰ ﺑﻮد‪ ،‬ﮐﮫ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺗﻔﻠﯿﺲ‬
‫ِﺮواﺷﯿﺪزه ﻣﺴﺤﻮر ﺷﺪه از ﺟﺸﻦ ﺑﮫ ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن‬
‫ﭘﺮﻧﺲ ﺷ‬
‫ﮔﻔﺖ‪" :‬اﻣﺸﺐ ﻣﺮا ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎن ﮐﺮدی ‪ ...‬در ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﮭﺎی‬
‫ً‬
‫ﺷﺎﻋﺮاﻧﮫ وﺻﻒ ﺑﮭﺸﺖ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺒﺮ ﺷﻤﺎ را ﺧﻮاﻧﺪه ﺑﻮدم‪ ،‬اﺑﺪا‬
‫ﺑﺎور ﻧﻤﯽ ﮐﺮدم‪ ،‬اﻣﺎ اﻣﺸﺐ ﯾﻘﯿﻦ ﮐﺮدم ﮐﮫ ﺑﮭﺸﺖ ھﻢ ﺷﺒﯿﮫ‬
‫ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎور ﮐﺮدم ﺑﮭﺸﺖ ﻣﻮﻋﻮد ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺒﺮ ﺷﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ دارد"‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎل ‪1895‬م‪ .‬ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن ﺑﮫ ﻣﻘﺎم وزﯾﺮﻣﺨﺘﺎری‬

‫اﯾﺮان در روﺳﯿﮫ ﻣﻨﺼﻮب ﺷﺪ و ﺑﮫ ﭘﻄﺮزﺑﻮرگ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻧﻤﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎل ‪1898‬م‪ .‬ﺳﻤﺖ وزﯾﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﺎری در دول ﺳﻮﺋﺪ و ﻧﺮوژ را‬
‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ھﺌﯿﺖ‬ ‫رﯾﯿﺲ‬ ‫‪1899‬م‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬
‫در ﮐﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ ﺻﻠﺢ ﻻھﮫ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﺳﺎﻟﮭﺎی ‪1910-1901‬م‪ .‬در‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎم ﺳﻔﯿﺮ ﺗﺎم اﻻﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﯾﺮان در اﻣﭙﺮاﺗﻮری ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﯽ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻟﮭﺎی ‪1912-1910‬م‪ .‬ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن‬
‫زﯾﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺮی‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮای‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﮫ ﻣﻮﻧﺎﮐﻮ رﻓﺘﮫ‬
‫"داﻧﺸﮕﺎه" ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﺧﺎﻧﮫ ھﺎی ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰی ﺑﺮای ﺧﻮد ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺳﺎزد‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﮫ ﺑﮫ ﻧﺎم "وﯾﻼی اﺻﻔﮭﺎن" و "وﯾﻼی‬
‫داﻧﺶ" ﻣﻌﺮوف ﺷﺪ ﮐﮫ در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﮫ ﻧﺎم "ﻣﻮزه اﯾﺮان"‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﮫ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬در ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﮫ اول ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎھﯽ‬
‫"ﮔﺎﻟﺮی ﺻﻠﺢ" از اﺷﯿﺎء ﻋﺘﯿﻘﮫ و ﮐﺘﺐ ﮐﻤﯿﺎب ﺟﻤﻊ آوری‬
‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪145‬‬
‫ﺳﺎل ‪1892‬م‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ از اﺗﻤﺎم ﺑﻨﺎ در ﺑﻮرﺟﻮﻣﯽ‪ ،‬در‬
‫ﮐﻮﭼﮫ"ﻓﯿﺮوزه"‬
‫ﭼﻮﻧﮑﺎده ﻓﻌﻠﯽ( ﻣﯿﺮزا‬ ‫اﺣﺪاث )ﮐﺎخ‬ ‫آﺑﺎد"‬
‫ﻗﻮدووﯾﭻ‬ ‫"داﻧﺶ‬
‫ﮐﻮﭼﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼف ﻋﻤﺎرت‬
‫ﺗﻔﻠﯿﺲ در‬
‫آﺛﺎر را ﺧﺮﯾﺪ و ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آﻟﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺟﺰوه‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﮭﻨﺪسﺗﺎ ﮐﻨﻮن‬
‫رﺳﯿﺪ و‬
‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺎل ‪1892‬م‪.‬رﺿﺎ‬
‫ﺑﮫﺧﺎن از‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎرت در ﺳﮫ‬
‫ﮐﻨﺴﻮﻟﮕﺮی را ﺑﮫ آﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎمﮐﺮد و‬ ‫ﺑﻮرﺟﻮﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزی‬ ‫ﻨﯽ و زﯾﺒﺎی ﺷﮭﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎری اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ذﮐﺮ‬
‫ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن از‬ ‫ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزی ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
‫ﺑﺮایدر ﻧﻤﺎی‬
‫ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻮی‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ وﻧﻤﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ‪ ،‬روﺳﯽ‬
‫اﯾﺘﺎﻟﯿﺎ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺗﺮاش و از اﯾﺮان ﻃﺮاح دﮐﻮر داﺧﻠﯽ دﻋﻮت‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ و اروﭘﺎﯾﯽ‪،‬‬
‫دﮐﻮرھﺎیﻣﻌﻤﺎری‬ ‫ﻣﺎھﺮاﻧﮫ‬
‫اﺛﺮ ھﻨﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻃﻮر ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﮐﺮد‪.‬‬
‫"ﻓﯿﺮوزه"‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎرت‬
‫ﺷﺪهﯽ‪،‬ﺑﻮد‪ .‬ﺑﮫ دﻟﯿﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﺷﺮﻗ‬
‫ﺟﺬاب ﺳﮫو ﻣﻌﻤﺎری‬
‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎرﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎرت ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺰ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬اﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺣﮑﺎﮐﯽاﻟﻤﺎس ﺗﺮاﺷﯿﺪه‬
‫ﺷﺒﯿﮫ ﺑﮫ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﭼﻮﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه ﮐﺎری‬
‫اﺳﺖ‪ .‬اﯾﻮان‬ ‫آﯾﯿﻨﮫ‬ ‫اﯾﻨﮑﮫ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﺎﯾﯽ و ﮔﺮﺟﯽ‬
‫ﻣﯿﺮزاو ﻋﻠﯽ ﺧﺎن ﻟﻌﻠﯽ‬
‫ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮف‬‫اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ‬
‫اروﭘﺎﯾﯽ از‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﮏ و‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎی‬ ‫ﺑﮫ ﺷﯿﻮه ﺷﺪه‬
‫ﮔﺮﺟﯽ ﺑﺎ‬
‫را "ﻗﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﺎس"‬ ‫اﺳﻢ آﻧﺠﺎ‬
‫اﯾﻮاﻧﮭﺎی‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻠﯿﺲ ﺑﻮد‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﺷﺘﮕﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫در ﮔﻠﯽ و‬
‫آﻧﻮﻗﺖﺗﺎج‬ ‫ی و ﻧﻘﻮش ﮐﮫ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮫ‬
‫ﮐﺘﯿﺒﮫ ﺳﺮدر ورودی و‬
‫ﺧﺎن ﻟﻌﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺮزا ﻋﻠﯽ‬
‫رﺿﺎﺧﺎن‬ ‫از ﻣﯿﺮزا‬
‫اﺑﯿﺎﺗﯽﻧﺎم‬
‫داﺧﻞ آن‬‫ﮔﺬاﺷﺖ‪.‬‬
‫اروﭘﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﮫ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮف ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و‬ ‫ﺳﮑﮫﮐﻮﭼﮫ‬
‫ﻧﮕﺎری‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺮیﮐﮫو‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪیھﺎی‬
‫ﺷﺮﻗﯽ‪ ،‬ﮔﭻ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﺮه‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻی‬
‫آﯾﻨﮫ‬ ‫ﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻘﻮش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺪه‪،‬ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﮫ‬
‫ھﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫آن ﺑﮫ‬
‫ﻓﺮم(‬‫ﺧﻮش در‬
‫رﺿﺎﺧﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﺎم ﻣﯿﺮزا‬
‫ﻗﻮاره و‬ ‫ﻮر ﻇﺮﯾﻒ)ﺧﻮش‬
‫ﮐﮫ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﺪان ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺷﻮﯾﻢ‬ ‫دوم ﻧﻤﺎد‬
‫رﺿﺎﺧﺎن ﻣﺘﻮﺟﮫ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﮫ‬
‫ﻣﯿﺮزا‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﮑﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺮات‬‫ﻃﺎق ﻧﻮک ﺗﯿﺰاز ﺧﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺖ روز ﺗﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺬاری را‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎس" ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣﯿﮫ ﺗﺎج‬
‫"ﻗﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻮرﺷﯿﺪ و ﺷﻤﺸﯿﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺮاﺳﻢ‬‫ر‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﺮ و ﺧ‬

‫ﻧﺎﺻﺮاﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺷﺎه ‪ 16‬ژوﺋﯿﮫ ﺑﺮﮔﺰار ﺷﺪ و ﺟﺸﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺷﮑﻮھﯽ‬

‫از در ﺣﻮض ﻣﺮﻣﺮی‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪی ﺟﺸﻦ‬
‫آﯾﻨﮫ ﺑﺮای‬
‫ﺳﺮﮐﻨﺴﻮل‪،‬‬
‫دﺳﺘﻮرﺑﺮی و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮای ﮔﭻ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮫ ﺑﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن‬
‫ﺑﻮد‪ ،‬ﺑﮫ ﺟﺎی آب‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬
‫اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺷﯿﺪه‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻨﯽ ﺗﺮ‬
‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﭙﺎﯾﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﻼس‬
‫از ﺑﺎﮐﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﮑﻞ را‬ ‫ﻦ و ﻧﻘﺎش ﮐﮫ‬
‫اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ‬
‫رﯾﺨﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻣﯿﮭﻤﺎﻧﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻮارهدر ھﺎ ﻣﯽ‬
‫اﯾﻮان ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺧﺘﯽایازﻓﺎرﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻗﺮﻣﺰﻧﻮﺷﺘﮫ‬ ‫ّﺎی ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯽ‬
‫ﺷﺮاب‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻨ‬
‫از ﺣﻮض ﺷﺮاب ﺑﻨﻮﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪"1892‬م‪ .‬ﺑﺮای ﺟﺸﻦ در ﺑﺎغ ﮐﻨﺴﻮﻟﮕﺮی‪ ،‬زﯾﺮ‬

‫ژوﺋﯿﮫ‪1309‬‬
‫ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯽ‬
‫ﻣﯿﺮزا ﷴ ﻧﻘﺎش ‪16‬‬
‫درﺧﺘﮭﺎ و ﭼﻮب ﺑﺴﺖ ھﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻠﮭﺎی رﻧﮕﺎرﻧﮓ ﺗﺰﯾﯿﻦ ﺷﺪه‪،‬‬
‫در ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ و اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻮان‪ ،‬ﭘﻨﺞ ﭘﺮﺗﺮه ‪-‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﻧﻮﺳﮭﺎی ﭼﯿﻨﯽ و ژاﭘﻨﯽ ﺣﻮض ﺷﺮاب را ﻣﻨﻮر ﻣﯽ ﮐﺮد‪.‬‬
‫ه ﻧﺎﺻﺮاﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺷﺎه‪ ،‬ﺷﺎھﺰاده ﻣﻈﻔﺮاﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺮزا‪،‬‬
‫روﺑﺮوی ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺗﺪارک دﯾﺪه ﺷﺪه‬ ‫آﺗﺶ اﻓﺸﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﯽ‬
‫وزﯾﺮ ﻣﯿﺮزا ﻋﻠﯽ اﺻﻐﺮﺧﺎن اﺗﺎﺑﮏ و دو ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺧﻮد‬
‫ﺑﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺟﺸﻦ ﺟﻠﻮه و درﺧﺸﺶ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮی داﺷﺘﮫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎغ و‬
‫ا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﮫ ھﺎی ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺑﺎﻻی در و ﭘﻨﺠﺮه‬

‫‪146‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮫ اﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼف ﻋﻤﺎرت "داﻧﺶ آﺑﺎد" اﺣﺪاث ﮐﺎخ "ﻓﯿﺮوزه"‬
‫در ﺳﺎل ‪1892‬م‪ .‬ﺑﮫ ﭘﺎﯾﺎن رﺳﯿﺪ و ﺗﺎ ﮐﻨﻮن ﺟﺰوه آﺛﺎر‬
‫ﺗﺰﯾﯿﻨﯽ و زﯾﺒﺎی ﺷﮭﺮ ﺑﻮرﺟﻮﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺎم ﻋﻤﺎرت در ﺳﮫ‬
‫زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ‪ ،‬روﺳﯽ و ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻮی در ﻧﻤﺎی ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ذﮐﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﺎرت "ﻓﯿﺮوزه" ﺑﮫ ﻃﻮر ﮐﺎﻣﻞ اﺛﺮ ھﻨﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری‬

‫ﺷﺮﻗﯽ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬اﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﺎرت ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺳﮫ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری‬
‫اروﭘﺎﯾﯽ و ﮔﺮﺟﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮫ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬اﯾﻮان ﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﺣﮑﺎﮐﯽ‬
‫ﺷﺪه ﺑﮫ ﺷﯿﻮه ﮔﺮﺟﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺎی ﻣﺴﻄﺢ اروﭘﺎﯾﯽ از ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮف و‬
‫ﺣﺠﺎری و ﻧﻘﻮش ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮫ ﺗﺎج ﮔﻠﯽ و ﻓﺮﺷﺘﮕﺎن‪ ،‬اﯾﻮاﻧﮭﺎی‬
‫ُﺪﻧﯽ اروﭘﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﮫ داﺧﻞ آن ﻧﺎم ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن ﮐﺘﯿﺒﮫ‬
‫ﭼ‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬آﯾﻨﮫ ﺑﻨﺪی ﺷﺮﻗﯽ‪ ،‬ﮔﭻﺑﺮی و ﺳﮑﮫ ﻧﮕﺎری‬
‫ﺑﮫ ﻃﻮر ﻇﺮﯾﻒ)ﺧﻮش ﻗﻮاره و ﺧﻮش ﻓﺮم( ﺑﮫ ھﻢ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﮫ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻧﺪان‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎد‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﮑﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﻮک‬ ‫ﻃﺎق‬ ‫اﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺟﺎر‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﺮ و ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪ و ﺷﻤﺸﯿﺮ ﺗﺎج ﮔﺬاری را ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺮای ﮔﭻ ﺑﺮی و آﯾﻨﮫ ﺑﻨﺪی از‬

‫ﻗﺰوﯾﻦ و ﻧﻘﺎش اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ را از ﺑﺎﮐﻮ ﺑﮫ ﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮫ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ّﺎی ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻧﻮﺷﺘﮫ ای ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ در اﯾﻮان ﺣﻔﻆ‬
‫اﺳﻢ ﺑﻨ‬
‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫"ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯿﺮزا ﷴ ﻧﻘﺎش ﻗﺰوﯾﻨﯽ ‪" 1309‬‬

‫در ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ و اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻮان‪ ،‬ﭘﻨﺞ ﭘﺮﺗﺮه ‪-‬‬

‫ﻣﯿﺮزا‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻈﻔﺮاﻟﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺎھﺰاده‬ ‫ﺷﺎه‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺻﺮاﻟﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺗﺮه‬
‫ﻧﺨﺴﺖ وزﯾﺮ ﻣﯿﺮزا ﻋﻠﯽ اﺻﻐﺮﺧﺎن اﺗﺎﺑﮏ و دو ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺧﻮد‬
‫ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﮫ ھﺎی ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺑﺎﻻی در و ﭘﻨﺠﺮه‬
‫ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮫ اﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪147‬‬
‫ﺑﮫ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺟﻨﺮال ﮐﻨﺴﻮل‬ ‫ﺳﺎل ‪1889‬م‪ .‬ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن‬
‫ﻣﻮﻓﻖ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮب‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻠﯿﺲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﯾﺮان‬
‫در‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﺧﯿﺮﺧﻮاھﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﯿﮑﻮﮐﺎری‬ ‫آﺑﺎداﻧﯽ‪،‬‬ ‫دﯾﭙﻠﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫‪1894-1889‬م‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﮭﺎی‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺟﺴﺘﺎن‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﮐﻨﺴﻮﻟﮕﺮی اﯾﺮان ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺎن ﻣﻘﯿﻢ ﺗﻔﻠﯿﺲ‬
‫و ھﻢ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮان اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﻣﺮاﺳﻢ و ﺟﺸﻦ ھﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ و ﺗﺸﺮﯾﻔﺎت ﻣﯿﮭﻤﺎﻧﺎن اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ و ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ در اﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺮﮔﺰار ﻣﯽ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﻗﮫ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن در واﻗﻊ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﺳﺎز‬

‫ﺧﺎﻧﮫ ھﺎی زﯾﺒﺎ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ‪ .‬در ﺳﺎل ‪1891‬م‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﮫ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺟﺮان اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﻣﻘﯿﻢ ﺗﻔﻠﯿﺲ‪ ،‬در ﺧﺼﻮص آﯾﻨﺪه ﺧﻮب ﺷﮭﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻮرﺟﻮﻣﯽ‪ ،‬وی ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻋﺪ ﺷﺪ در ﻣﺠﺎورت ﺑﺎغ و ﭼﺸﻤﮫ ھﺎی‬
‫آﺑﮭﺎی ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﺷﮭﺮر ﺑﻮرﺟﻮﻣﯽ زﻣﯿﻨﯽ را ﺧﺮﯾﺪار ﻧﻤﻮده و‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ "ﮐﺎخ ﻓﯿﺮوزه" در آن ﺑﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﻄﻌﮫ دﯾﮕﺮی زﻣﯿﻦ در ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ﺷﮭﺮ ﺑﻮرﺟﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﺮه ﻓﻮق اﻟﻌﺎده ﻋﺎﻟﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮐﺮد و در آﻧﺠﺎ ﺧﺎﻧﮫ‬
‫ﯾﯿﻼﻗﯽ "داﻧﺶ آﺑﺎد" را ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ .‬اﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﺎرت ﺗﺎ ﮐﻨﻮن ﺣﻔﻆ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬اّ‬
‫ﻣﺎ اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ درﺑﺎره آن در ﺧﺎﻃﺮات ﻣﯿﺮزا‬
‫رﺿﺎﺧﺎن ﻧﻘﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺎرت ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری ﺷﺮﻗﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮫ‬
‫ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد و در ورودی آن ﺑﺮ روی ﻟﻮح ﺳﻨﮕﯽ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﮫ ھﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرات ذﯾﻞ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﺘﮫ ﺑﻮد‪:‬‬

‫" ارﻓﻊ اﻟﺪوﻟﮫ ﭼﻮ در ﺑﻮرژوم ﻋﺎﻟﯽ ﺗﭙﮫ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ز اﻃﺮاف ﻧﻤﺎش ﺑﺮﺗﺮ‬

‫داﻧﺶ آﺑﺎد ورا ﻧﺎم ﻧﮭﺎدن ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﺗﺎ ز ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن ﻣﺎﻧﺪ در دھﺮ اﺛﺮ"‬

‫‪148‬‬
 ‫ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎ ﺧﺎن ارﻓﻊاﻟﺪوﻟﮫ‬

‫"داﻧﺶ"‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ ‫ﺧﺎن‬ ‫رﺿﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺮزا‬

‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫"ﭘﺮﻧﺲ"‬ ‫و‬ ‫"ﻣﻌﯿﻦاﻟﻮزاره"‬ ‫"ارﻓﻊاﻟﺪوﻟﮫ"‪،‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﺟﺬاب ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﮭﺎ در اواﺧﺮ دوره ﻗﺎﺟﺎر‬
‫ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬از او ﺑﮫ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ رﺟﻮل دوﻟﺘﯽ‪ ،‬دﯾﭙﻠﻤﺎت‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻋﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ‪،‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه‬ ‫ھﻨﺮﭘﺮور‪،‬‬
‫دوﺳﺘﺪار آﺛﺎر ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ و ﻣﻌﻤﺎری‪ ،‬ﮐﻠﮑﺴﯿﻮن دار‪ ،‬ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ ﮐﺮده و آﺷﻨﺎ ﺑﮫ ﭼﻨﺪ زﺑﺎن در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ذﮐﺮ ﺷﺪه‬
‫اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮐﺸﻮرھﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺘﺨﺎر اﻗﺎﻣﺖ اﯾﺸﺎن را ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﮫ اﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ھﺎی ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮫ و‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮوف ھﻢ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺧﻮد ارﺗﺒﺎط داﺷﺘﮫ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن ﺳﺎل ‪1853‬م‪) .‬ﺑﮫ رواﯾﺖ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺳﺎل‬

‫‪1846‬م( در ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ و در ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎن ﻣﮭﺎﺟﺮ اﯾﺮوان‬
‫ﺑﮫ دﻧﯿﺎ آﻣﺪ و در ھﻤﺎن ﺷﮭﺮ ﻣﮑﺘﺐﺧﺎﻧﮫ را ﺑﮫ ﭘﺎﯾﺎن‬
‫ﺑﺮد و در اداﻣﮫ در ﺷﮭﺮھﺎی اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺒﻮل و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﻔﻠﯿﺲ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ ﻧﻤﻮد‪ .‬در ﺳﺎﻟﮭﺎی ‪1877-1876‬م‪ .‬در ﻣﺪرﺳﮫ ﺷﯿﻌﯿﺎن‬
‫ﺗﻔﻠﯿﺲ ﮐﺴﺐ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮد و در ﭘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻮن ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻮی"ﻣﺎدام‬
‫ﺳﺘﺎﺳﻮﻟﻮﯾﭻ" زﺑﺎﻧﮭﺎی ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻮی و روﺳﯽ را ﻓﺮا ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و‬
‫ھﻤﺰﻣﺎن در ﮐﻨﺴﻮﻟﮕﺮی اﯾﺮان ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﻮد‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯿﺮزا رﺿﺎﺧﺎن در ﻣﺮاﺳﻢ اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل از‬ ‫ﺳﺎل ‪1878‬م‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﺻﺮاﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺷﺎه در ﺳﻔﺮ دوم ﺑﮫ روﺳﯿﮫ و اروﭘﺎ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮد‪ .‬از اﯾﻦ ﭘﺲ او ﺑﮫ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ و در اداﻣﮫ‬
‫ﮐﻨﺴﻮﻟﮕﺮي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺴﻮل‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺖ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮان‬
‫اﯾﺮان در آﻣﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪149‬‬
 


‫اﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎب ﺑﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ راﯾﺰﻧﯽ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺳﻔﺎرت ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان‬




‫راﯾﺰﻧﯽ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺳﻔﺎرت ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان در ﮔﺮﺟﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬







ISBN

ISBN
 ‫اﻧﺴﺘﯿﺘﻮي ﺧﺎورﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﮔﯿﻮرﮔﯽ ﺗﺴﺮﺗﻠﯽ‬
‫دوﻟﺘﯽ اﯾﻠﯿﺎ‬
‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﮔﺮﺟﺴﺘﺎن‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎهﺳﻨﺘﯽ و‬
‫ﻣﻮزه دوﻟﺘﯽ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎي‬
‫اﻧﺴﺘﯿﺘﻮي ﺧﺎورﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﮔﯿﻮرﮔﯽ ﺗﺴﺮﺗﻠﯽ‬
‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﮔﺮﺟﺴﺘﺎن‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎهﺳﻨﺘﯽ و‬
‫دوﻟﺘﯽ اﯾﻠﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮزه دوﻟﺘﯽ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎي‬
‫اﻧﺴﺘﯿﺘﻮي ﺧﺎورﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﮔﯿﻮرﮔﯽ ﺗﺴﺮﺗﻠﯽ‬
‫ﻣﻮزه دوﻟﺘﯽ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﺘﯽ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﮔﺮﺟﺴﺘﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺎرﯾﻨﺎ آﻟﮑﺴﯿﺪزه ﮔﺮﯾﮕﻮل ﺑﺮادزه اﯾﺮﯾﻨﺎ ﮐﻮﺷﻮرﯾﺪزه‬

‫ﻣﺎرﯾﻨﺎ آﻟﮑﺴﯿﺪزه ﮔﺮﯾﮕﻮل ﺑﺮادزه اﯾﺮﯾﻨﺎ ﮐﻮﺷﻮرﯾﺪزه‬

‫ﻣﺎرﯾﻨﺎ آﻟﮑﺴﯿﺪزه ﮔﺮﯾﮕﻮل ﺑﺮادزه اﯾﺮﯾﻨﺎ ﮐﻮﺷﻮرﯾﺪزه‬

‫ارﻓﻊاﻟﺪوﻟﻪ و ﮔﺮﺟﺴﺘﺎن‬
‫ارﻓﻊاﻟﺪوﻟﻪ و ﮔﺮﺟﺴﺘﺎن‬
‫ارﻓﻊاﻟﺪوﻟﻪ و ﮔﺮﺟﺴﺘﺎن‬

‫ﺗﻔﻠﯿﺲ‬
‫‪2017‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﻠﯿﺲ‬
‫‪2017‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻮزه دوﻟﺘﯽ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﺘﯽ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﮔﺮﺟﺴﺘﺎن‬

‫ارﻓﻊاﻟﺪوﻟﻪ و ﮔﺮﺟﺴﺘﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺎرﯾﻨﺎ آﻟﮑﺴﯿﺪزه ﮔﺮﯾﮕﻮل ﺑﺮادزه اﯾﺮﯾﻨﺎ ﮐﻮﺷﻮرﯾﺪزه‬

‫ارﻓﻊاﻟﺪوﻟﻪ و ﮔﺮﺟﺴﺘﺎن‬

‫ﺗﻔﻠﯿﺲ‬
‫‪2017‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﻠﯿﺲ‬
‫‪2017‬‬