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GPA 2145-09 Propiedades Fisicas de Los Hidrocarburos PDF
GPA 2145-09 Propiedades Fisicas de Los Hidrocarburos PDF
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Table of Physical Properties
for Hydrocarbons and Other
Compounds of Interest to the
Natural Gas Industry
Adopted 1942
Revised 1957,1962, 1966, 1971, 1975, 1977, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988,
1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009
Reprinted 1997, 1998
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The Table of Physical Properties for Hydrocarbons and Other Components of Interest to the Natural
Gas Industry, GPA Publication Standard 2145, provides the gas processing industry with a convenient
compilation of authoritative numerical values for the paraffin hydrocarbons and other compounds
occurring in natural gas and natural gas liquids as well as for a few other compounds of interest to the
industry. The physical properties selected are those considered most valuable for engineering and
analytical computations in gas processing plants and laboratories. Most properties are based upon two
NIST Standard Reference Databases: the Web Thermo Tables, WTT, (NIST SRSD-3) and the
Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database, REFPROP, (NIST SRD-23). The
data in this publication were checked, evaluated, and recalculated when necessary by Robert Chirico
and Eric Lemmon of the Physical and Chemical Properties Division of the Chemical Science and
Technology Laboratory at NIST in Boulder, Colorado. The listed flammability limits and octane
numbers were not evaluated at NIST and sources for these properties are provided in the references.
Some of the listed values result from other values in the tables by simple calculation. Numbers obtained
from such related data may differ from the tabulated values in the last digit because of numerical round
off, but the differences are within the standard uncertainty of the data. The value of the gas constant
used in the tables is 8.314472 J/(K·mol). Numerous values were updated from the previous edition of
GPA-2145 to provide full thermodynamic consistency between properties. This was accomplished
through consistent use of properties derived with the equations of state underlying the NIST REFPROP
database. Properties derived with these equations of state are inherently consistent. This publication
represents the first time for which thermodynamic consistency is assured for all properties listed in GPA-
2145. Required enthalpies of combustion at 298.15 K were taken from the NIST Web Thermo Tables
(WTT). These enthalpies of combustion are reprinted in the notes of this document. All adjustments of
these values to the selected temperatures of GPA-2145 were completed using consistent thermophysical
property values from the NIST REFPROP program.
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The values of the physical properties for the components in GPA 2145, as well as those for many more
compounds, appear in the GPSA Engineering Data Book. Property values for compounds listed here in
GPA 2145-09 supersede those listed in the GPSA Engineering Data Book. For components not listed in
GPA 2145, the property values in GPA TP-17 may be used.
DISCLAIMER
GPA publications necessarily address problems of a general nature and may be used by anyone desiring
to do so. Every effort has been made by GPA to assure accuracy and reliability of the information
contained in its publications. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and
regulations should be reviewed. It is not the intent of GPA to assume the duties of employers,
manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train employees or others exposed, concerning health
and safety risks or precautions.
GPA makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby
expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the
violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict, or for
any infringement of letters of patent regarding apparatus, equipment, or method so covered.
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* For some compounds, values within this property group are for conditions different from those given in the row heading. See the notes
on pages 6 through 8 for details. Values in boldface type are different from those in the previous version of GPA-2145.
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Triple Point Temperature
°F -69.81 -121.81 -346.00 -361.82 -455.75 -352.12 32.018
Vapor Pressure *
at 100 °F, psia 395.0 0.95050
Density of Liquid *
at 60 °F, 14.696 psia
Relative density at 60 °F/60 °F 0.81716 0.79886 0.80687 1.1423 0.12486 0.87586 1.00000
API Gravity 41.660 45.628 43.868 -7.630 1002 30.055 10.000
Absolute density, lbm/gal 6.8129 6.6602 6.7271 9.5238 1.041 7.3022 8.3372
Density of Ideal Gas
at 60 °F, 14.696 psia
Relative density, air = 1.0 1.5195 1.1767 0.9672 1.1048 0.1382 1.0000 0.62202
Density lbm/(1000 ft3) 115.97 89.81 73.820 84.322 10.547 76.321 47.473
Summation Factor
at 60 °F, psia-1 0.0195 0.0239 0.00442 0.0072 0.00537 0.06510
Volume *
at 60 °F, 14.696 psia
Liquid, gal/lbmol 6.4598 5.1171 4.1643 3.3599 3.8451 3.9663 2.1608
Ft3 ideal gas/gal liquid 58.746 74.16 91.128 112.95 98.693 95.678 175.62
Ratio, ideal gas/liquid 439.45 554.76 681.69 844.89 738.27 715.72 1313.7
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Btu/lbm, fuel as liquid i d d d d 3 3 3 3
Btu/gal, fuel as liquid g d d d d
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c c c c c c
c
c
c d d d d,e d,e d,e d,e
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e e e e
d d h h h h
d d h h h h
3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 c d d
c d d
3 3 3 j
j
j
c c c c c
b Shaded values were estimated by GPA for the hypothetical liquid state and were not re-evaluated
c The referenced temperature is above the critical temperature.
d The property is that of the liquid component at saturation pressure rather than at 14.696 psia.
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e Densities of liquid at the normal boiling temperature
f Gas constant R = 8.314472 J mol-1 K-1. [10.7316 psia ft3/(lbmol oR)] and 1 Btu = 1055.056 J
g Algebraically derived from the absolute density of the liquid
h Gas at 60 °F and liquid at the normal boiling point
i The basis for gross heating value is dry gas at 60 °F and 14.696 psia based upon the ideal
reaction, see GPA 2172 for conversion to other bases. Conversion of enthalpies of combustion at
T = 298.15 K given in reference 3 were converted to the conditions specified here with the
property values from reference 2. Heating values for H2S are based on SO2(g) and H2O as
products.
j Enthalpy of vaporization to the ideal-gas state
k Values are based on an oxygen mole fraction of 0.20946 for air.
l The + sign and number specify the number of cm3 of TEL (tetraethyl lead) added per gallon to
achieve the ASTM octane number of 100, corresponding to that of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.
m Average value from octane numbers using more than one sample
n Enthalpy of sublimation
o For components not listed in GPA-2145, the property values listed in TP-17 may be used.
MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas 33.95 60.43 86.42 112.0 112.4 138.1 138.4
Volume of Air to Burn One
Volume of Ideal Gas 9.548 16.710 23.871 31.032 31.032 38.193 38.193
Heat of Vaporization *
at 101.325 kPa(abs)
kJ kg-1 at the boiling point 510.8 489.4 425.6 365.1 385.7 343.3 357.6
Specific Heat *
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
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C P , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas 2.2036 1.7054 1.6191 1.6162 1.6511 1.6003 1.6216
C V , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas 1.6853 1.4289 1.4305 1.4731 1.5080 1.4851 1.5064
k = C P /C V , ideal gas 1.3075 1.1935 1.1318 1.0971 1.0949 1.0776 1.0765
C S , kJ kg-1 K-1, sat. liq. 4.0050 2.5840 2.3586 2.3805 2.2208 2.2698
Flammability Limits
at 310.93 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Lower, volume % In air 5.0 2.9 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.4
Upper, volume % in air 15.0 13.0 9.5 8.5 9.0 8.0 8.3
Octane Number
Motor clear 0.05 97.1 97.6 89.6 90.3 62.6
Research clear 1.6 1.8 0.1 93.8 92.3 61.7
* For some compounds, values within this property group are for conditions different from those given in the row heading. See the notes
on pages 12 through 14 for details. Values in boldface type are different from those in the previous version of GPA-2145.
MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas 164.39 190.39 216.38 242.40 268.39 55.96 81.46
Volume of Air to Burn One
Volume of Ideal Gas 45.355 52.516 59.677 66.839 74.000 14.323 21.484
Heat of Vaporization *
at 101.325 kPa(abs)
kJ kg-1 at the boiling point 334.9 316.9 302.2 288.6 276.4 482.4 439.0
Specific Heat *
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
C P , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas 1.6125 1.6057 1.6008 1.5967 1.5938 1.4941 1.4916
C V , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas 1.5160 1.5227 1.5280 1.5319 1.5354 1.1977 1.2940
k = C P /C V , ideal gas 1.0636 1.0545 1.0476 1.0423 1.0381 1.2475 1.1527
C S , kJ kg-1 K-1, sat. liq. 2.2104 2.2038 2.1918 2.1719 2.1562 2.5161
Flammability Limits
at 310.93 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Lower, volume % In air 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 2.9 2.1
Upper, volume % in air 7.7 7.0 6.5 5.6 5.4 32.0 11.1
Octane Number
Motor clear 26
Research clear 24.8
All values in this table are on the International Temperature Scale 1990 (ITS-90).
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Triple Point Temperature
K 216.59 187.70 63.151 54.361 2.177 59.75 273.16
Vapor Pressure *
at 313.15 K, kPa(abs) 2863 7.3849
Density of Liquid *
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Relative density at 15 °C/15 °C 0.82195 0.8001 0.80680 1.1422 0.1248 0.87579 1.0000
Absolute density, kg m-3 821.2 799.4 806.1 1141.2 124.7 875.0 999.102
Density of Ideal Gas
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Relative density, air = 1.0 1.5195 1.1767 0.9672 1.1048 0.1382 1.0000 0.62202
Density kg m-3 1.8613 1.4414 1.1848 1.3533 0.1693 1.2249 0.76191
Summation Factor
at 288.15 K, kPa -1 0.00745 0.00913 0.00170 0.00275 0.00206 0.02495
Pressure, kPa(abs) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2
Gross Heating Value
at 288.15 K, ideal reaction
MJ kg-1, fuel as liquid i d d d d 3 3 3 3
MJ m-3, fuel as liquid g d d d d
MJ kg-1, fuel as ideal gas 3 3 3 3 3
MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas
Net Heating Value
at 288.15 K, ideal reaction
MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas
Volume of Air to Burn One
Volume of Ideal Gas k
Heat of Vaporization
at 101.325 kPa(abs)
kJ kg-1 at the boiling point 2
Specific Heat
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
C P , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas 2
C V , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas
k = C P /C V , ideal gas
C S , kJ kg-1 K-1, sat. liq. 2 c
Flammability Limits
at 310.93 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Lower, volume % In air 4
Upper, volume % in air 4
Octane Number
Motor clear 5 l m m
Research clear 5 l, m l, m l, m m m
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2145-09 (SI)
n-C8 n-C9 n-C10 C 2= C3 = CO2 H2S N2 O2 He Air H2O
a
c c c c c c
c
c d d d d, e d, e d, e d, e
c d d h h h h
c d d h h h h
3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
c c c c c
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NOTES FOR GPA STANDARD 2145-08 (SI)
a The Molar Mass of Air is fixed by GPA to be 28.9625 in order to harmonize with ISO 6976-
95, 'Natural gas -- Calculation of calorific value, density, relative density and Wobbe index
from composition' and AGA 5-07, 'Fuel Gas Energy Metering'. Individual components in Air
may change over time based on empirical data but the Molar Mass of Air, calculated from
the table shown below, will remain constant within this document for the purposes of, but
not limited to, the calculation of Gas Relative Density. The information in the table below
should not be used for individual component calculations. For information on individual
components refer to the appropriate Component Data Table. AGA 5-07 TABLE 7.17.1
follows.
Molar Mass of Dry Atmospheric Air (g)
b Shaded values were estimated by GPA for the hypothetical liquid state, and were not re-
evaluated in this revision of GPA-2145.
c The referenced temperature is above the critical temperature.
d The property is that of the liquid component at saturation pressure rather than at 101.325
e kDensities of liquid at the normal boiling temperature
f Gas constant R = 8.314472 J mol-1 K-1
g Algebraically derived from the absolute density of the liquid
h Gas at T = 288.15 K and liquid at the normal boiling point
i The basis for gross heating value is dry gas at T = 288.15 K and p = 101.325 kPa based
upon the ideal reaction. See GPA 2172 for conversion to other bases. Conversion of
enthalpies of combustion at T = 298.15 K from reference 3 were converted to the conditions
specified here with the property values from reference 2. Heating values for H2S are based on
SO2(g) and H2O as products.
j Enthalpy of vaporization to the ideal-gas state
k Values are based on an oxygen mole fraction of 0.20946 for air.
l The + sign and number specify the number of cm3 of TEL (tetraethyl lead) added per gallon
to achieve the ASTM octane number of 100, corresponding to that of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.
m Average value from octane numbers using more than one sample
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n Enthalpy of sublimation
o For components not listed in GPA-2145, the property values listed in TP-17 may be used.
2 E.W. Lemmon, M.L. Huber, and M.O. McLinden, Reference Fluid and Thermodynamic
and Transport Properties (REFPROP), NIST Standard Reference Database 23 (Version 8,
2007). NIST Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, MD. This database includes
the "The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water
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Substance for General and Scientific Use," J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data , 31(2), 387-535,
2002.
3 A.F. Kazakov, C.D. Muzny, R.D. Chirico, V. Diky, R.A. Stevenson, and M. Frenkel,
NIST/TRC Web Thermo Tables (WTT) - Professional Edition, NIST Standard Reference
Subscription Database 3 (Version 1, 2007). NIST Standard Reference Data Program,
Gaithersburg, MD.
The critically evaluated enthalpies of combustion from WTT are all for T = 298.15 K with
liquid water as a product, in accord with how the values are determined experimentally.
Enthalpies of combustion for the hydrocarbon gases are based upon the following general
reaction:
Hydrocarbon(gas) + oxygen(gas) = carbon dioxide(gas) + water(liquid)
Values (in J/g of hydrocarbon) used to derive the quantities listed in GPA-2145 are:
methane (-55517), ethane (-51903), propane (-50325), i-butane (-49347),
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Enthalpies of combustion for the hydrocarbon liquids are based upon the following general
reaction:
Hydrocarbon(liquid) + oxygen(gas) = carbon dioxide(gas) + water(liquid)
Values (in J/g of hydrocarbon) used to derive the quantities listed in GPA-2145 are:
i-pentane (-48560), n-pentane (-48635), n-hexane (-48310), n-heptane (-48071),
n-octane (-47888), n-nonane (-47753), and n-decane (-47640).
The enthalpy of combustion for hydrogen sulfide is based upon the following reaction:
Hydrogen sulfide(gas) + 1.5 oxygen(gas) = sulfur dioxide(gas) + water(liquid)
The value (in J/g of hydrogen sulfide) is -16490.5.
4 Engineering Sciences Data Unit, "Fire Hazard Properties: Flash Points, Flammability
Limits and Autoignition Temperatures," ESDU 82030, September 1983.
5 E.F. Obert, "Internal Combustion Engines and Air Pollution," Harper & Row: NewYork,
1973.