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Things That Educators Should Know About the Philosophy of Education

5 THINGS THAT EDUCATORS SHOULD

KNOW ABOUT THE PHILOSOPHY OF
EDUCATION
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The word philosophy is derived from two Greek words. The rst word, philo, means “love.” The second, sophy,
means “wisdom.” Literally, then, philosophy means “love of wisdom” (Power, 1982).  Each individual has an attitude
toward life, children, politics, learning, and previous personal experiences that informs and shapes their set of
beliefs. Although you may not be conscious of it, this set of beliefs, or personal philosophy, informs how you live,
work, and interact with others. What you believe is directly re ected in both your teaching and learning processes.
This article explores the various philosophical views in uence the teaching profession.

It is important to understand how philosophy and education are interrelated. In order to become the most
e ective teacher you can be, you must understand your own beliefs, while at the same time empathizing with
others. In this chapter we will examine the study of philosophy, the major branches of philosophy, and the major
philosophical schools of thought in education. You will have a chance to examine how these schools of thought can
help you de ne your personal educational philosophy. Developing your own educational philosophy is a key part
of your journey to becoming a teacher. In this article, we will discuss the 5 things that educators should know
about the philosophy of education.

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What are the major branches of philosophy? The four main branches of philosophy are metaphysics,

epistemology, axiology, and logic. Metaphysics considers questions about the physical universe and the nature of
ultimate reality. Epistemology examines how people come to learn what they know. Axiology is the study of
fundamental principles or values. Logic pursues the organization of the reasoning process. Logic can be divided
into two main components: deductive reasoning, which takes general principles and relates them to a speci c case;
and inductive reasoning, which builds up an argument based on speci c examples.

What are the major schools of thought in philosophy? Idealism can be divided into three categories: classical,
religious, and modern. Classical idealism, the philosophy of the Greeks Socrates and Plato, searches for an
absolute truth. Religious idealism tries to reconcile God and humanity. Modern idealism, stemming from the ideas
of Descartes, links perception and existence.

Realism, the school of thought founded by Aristotle, believes that the world of matter is separate from human
perceptions. Modern realist thought has led to the “blank slate” notion of human capabilities. Pragmatism believes
that we should select the ideas, actions, and consequences with the most desirable outcome, as well as learning
from previous experiences to achieve desirable consequences. John Dewey’s Experimentalism brought the
scienti c method of inductive reasoning to the educational sphere.

Postmodernism and existentialism focus on intricate readings of texts and social and political conventions,
examining existing structures for aws. Essentially, they focus heavily on the present, and on understanding life as
we know it. Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction methods of reading texts suggests that universal rationality is not
found in objective reality, but in the text. Michel Foucault, another postmodern philosopher, examined the
relationship between truth and power.

What are the major philosophies of education? The major philosophies of education can be broken down into
three main types: teacher-centered philosophies, student-centered philosophies, and society-centered
philosophies. These include Essentialism, Perennialism, Progressivism, Social Reconstructionism, Existentialism,
Behaviorism, Constructivism, Conservatism, and Humanism.

Essentialism and Perennialism are the two types of teacher-centered philosophies of education. Essentialism is
currently the leading style of public education in the United States. It is the teaching of basic skills that have been
proven over time to be needed in society. Perennialism focuses on the teaching of great works.

There are three types of student-centered philosophies of education. Progressivism focuses on developing the
student’s moral compass. Humanism is about fostering each student to his or her fullest potential. Constructivism
focuses on using education to shape a student’s world view.

There are two types of socially-centered philosophies of education. Reconstructionism is the perspective that
education is the means to solve social problems. Behaviorism focuses on cultivating behaviors that are bene cial
to society.

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What additional ideologies of educational philosophy exist? Other notable ideologies of educational

philosophy include Nationalism, American Exceptionalism, Ethno-nationalism, Liberalism, Conservatism, and
Marxism. Nationalism is a national spirit, or love of country, that ties the interests of a nation to the symbols that
represent it. American Exceptionalism is a form of Nationalism that implies that the United States is a special
country that is privileged to have a manifest destiny. Ethno-nationalism is similar to nationalism, but rather than
the loyalty lying with one’s nation, it lies with one’s ethnic or racial group. Liberalism is the ideology that people
should enjoy the greatest possible individual freedoms and that it should be guaranteed by due process of law.
The opposite of liberalism is conservatism. Conservatism is the belief that institutions should function according to
their intended original purpose and any concepts that have not been maintained should be restored. Finally,
Marxism is an ideological and political movement that focuses on the class system as a form of con ict within the
social, political, and educational realms.

How is an educator’s educational philosophy determined? It is important to identify your own philosophy of
education in order to understand your own system of values and beliefs so that you are easily able to describe
your teaching style to potential employers.

While writing your own personal philosophy of education statement, it is vital to address several key components:
How do I think? What is the purpose of education? What is the role of the teacher? How should the teacher teach?
What is the role of the student? What should be taught? Additionally, make sure that you be yourself and are clear
and concise. Do some research about the school you are applying for and address their missions and goals in your
statement. Remember that education is about the students and also remember to focus on your discipline. Think
of the great teachers you have had in your life. Remember to get feedback. Additionally, don’t make it long and
don’t ramble. Don’t rehash your resume, be a know-it-all, or use strong statements.

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STUDENTS-ARE-DISCRIMINATED- BURNIN
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AGAINST IN U S K 12 SCHOOLS/)

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9/12/2019 5 Things That Educators Should Know About the Philosophy of Education - The Edvocate

Spread the loveTeachers need to realize that at

AGAINST-IN-U-S-K-12-SCHOOLS/)
home, in their neighborhoods, and in school, 
many students face di culties that can interfere Spread the loveAfrican Africans have a long Spread the
with learning. Compared to their middle-class history of being mistreated in the United States, So much s

(HTTP://FEEDS.FEEDBURNER.COM/EDUCATIONFUTURESEMERGINGTRENDSANDTECHNOLOGIESINK-12)
MATTHEW ON EDUCATION WEEK (HTTP://BLOGS.EDWEEK.ORG/EDWEEK/EDUCATION_FUTURES/)

 Au Revoir from Education Futures

(http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/EducationFuturesEmergingTrendsAndTechnologiesInK-
12/~3/wQxFqrPeNlM/au_revoir_from_education_futures.html) - November 20, 2018 Matthew Lynch

 6 Steps to Data-Driven Literacy Instruction

(http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/EducationFuturesEmergingTrendsAndTechnologiesInK-
12/~3/v2Wk1esR_4A/6_steps_to_data-driven_literacy_instruction.html) - October 17, 2018 Matthew Lynch

 Four Keys to a Modern IT Approach in K-12 Schools

(http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/EducationFuturesEmergingTrendsAndTechnologiesInK-
12/~3/ylriz97ZPfg/four_keys_to_a_modern_it_approach_in_k-12_schools.html) - October 2, 2018 Matthew
Lynch

 What's the Di erence Between Burnout and Demoralization, and What Can Teachers Do About It?
(http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/EducationFuturesEmergingTrendsAndTechnologiesInK-
12/~3/jnFIa7pZPNo/what_the_di erence_between_burnout_and_demoralization_and_what_can_teachers_do_abou
- September 27, 2018 Matthew Lynch

 Revisiting Using Edtech for Bullying and Suicide Prevention

(http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/EducationFuturesEmergingTrendsAndTechnologiesInK-
12/~3/6Xi3_18Ih80/revisiting_using_edtech_for_bullying_and_suicide_prevention.html) - September 10, 2018
Matthew Lynch

ABOUT US

The Edvocate was created in 2014 to argue for shifts in education policy and organization in order to enhance the quality of
education and the opportunities for learning a orded to P-20 students in America. What we envisage may not be the most
straightforward or the most conventional ideas. We call for a relatively radical and certainly quite comprehensive
reorganization of American’s P-20 system.

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9/12/2019 5 Things That Educators Should Know About the Philosophy of Education - The Edvocate

That reorganization, though, and the underlying e ort, will have much to do with reviving the American education system,

and reviving a national love of learning.  The Edvocate plans to be one of key architects of this revival, as it continues to
advocate for education reform, equity, and innovation.

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