Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Concepts
Dr. GP Rangaiah
Pinch Analysis Concepts - Outline
Overview
Energy Balance
Temperature-Enthalpy Diagram
Composite Curves
Problem Table Procedure
Pinch and its Significance
Grand Composite Curves
Heat Exchanger Network
o Grid Representation
o Design for Maximum Energy Recovery
Examples/Practice Session
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Overview
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Example
Process Flowsheet
20oC 135oC
Heater
2 kW/oC
80oC 140oC
Heater Reactor
o
4 kW/ C
Stream Data 3 kW/oC 170oC
Cooler
Stream CP Supply Target
No. & (kW/K) (Initial) (Final)
60oC
Type TS (oC) TT (oC)
30oC 150oC
(1) Cold 2.0 20 135 Cooler Separator
1.5 kW/ oC
(2) Hot 3.0 170 60
(3) Cold 4.0 80 140
(4) Hot 1.5 150 30
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Energy Balance
Enthalpy Changes
Stream CP Supply Target Enthalpy Change
No. & (kW/K) (Initial) T, (Final) T, (Heat Load)
Type TS (oC) TT (oC) (kW)
(1) Cold 2.0 20 135 2(20 – 135) = – 230
(2) Hot 3.0 170 60 3(170 – 60) = + 330
(3) Cold 4.0 80 140 4(80 – 140) = – 240
(4) Hot 1.5 150 30 1.5(150-30) = + 180
Energy Balance
Net Heat Load = 330 + 180 – 230 – 240 = + 40 kW
Remove or Supply using a Cold or Hot Utility?
Feasible?
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Temperature-Enthalpy Diagram
Simple Example with 2 Process Streams
Stream Mass Specific Heat CP Supply T, Target T, Heat Load,
Type Flowrate Capacity, CP (kW/K) TS (oC) TT (oC) H (kW)
(kJ/kg.K)
Cold 0.25 4 1.0 20 200 - 180
Hot 0.4 4.5 1.8 150 50 + 180
Process
With Heat
Exchange
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Composite Curves
How to represent
2 hot streams
on a T/H Diagram?
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Composite Curves
Temperature (oC)
120
110
100
90
80
Temperature CP Enthalpy 70
60
Range (kW/K) Change (kW) 50
40
170 to 150 3.0 60 30
20
150 to 60 3.0 + 1.5 405 10
0
60 to 30 1.5 45 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Heat Flow (kW)
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Composite Curves
Temperature (oC)
120
110
100
90
Temperature CP Enthalpy 80
70
Range (kW/K) Change (kW) 60
50
20 to 80 2.0 - 120 40
30
80 to 135 2.0 + 4.0 - 330 20
10
135 to 140 4.0 - 20 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Heat Flow (kW)
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Composite Curves
Heating
Duty
(T)min
Heat Recovery
Region
Cooling
Duty
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Composite Curves
Targets from Heating
Duty =
Composite 20 kW
Curves
Tmin =
Tmin = 10oC 10oC
Hot Utility
= 20 kW Heat Recovery = 450 kW
Cold Utility
= 60 kW
Cooling
Duty =
60 kW
Pinch at
85 (or 90/80) oC
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Pinch and its Significance
Pinch Point: Driving force = Tmin
Red Dotted Region
Energy given by hot
streams from 170oC
Tmin = to pinch temperature
10oC (330 kW) + Hot
Blue Dotted Region Utility (20 kW) =
Energy required by
Energy given by hot
cold streams from
streams from pinch
pinch temperature to
temperature to 30oC
140oC (350 kW)
(180 kW) = Energy
required by cold
Red dotted region is
streams from 20oC
to pinch temperature in energy balance.
(120 kW) + Cold
Utility (60 kW)
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Problem Table Procedure
Tmin = 10oC
Shifted T
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Problem Table Procedure
Stream CP
Problem Table No. (kW/K)
(1) Cold 2.0
Shifted Interval Si - Si+1 CPhot - CPcold H Surplus
(2) Hot 3.0
T, Si (oC) No., i (oC) (kW/oC) (kW) or Deficit
(3) Cold 4.0
S1 = 165 (4) Hot 1.5
1 20 + 3.0 + 60 S
S2 = 145 How to take
2 5 + 0.5 + 2.5 S care of
S and D?
S3 = 140
3 55 - 1.5 - 82.5 D
S4 = 85
4 30 + 2.5 + 75 S
S5 = 55
5 30 - 0.5 - 15 D
S6 = 25
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Problem Table Procedure
Heat Cascade
Feasible
Pinch Temperature:
85 (or 90/80) oC
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Problem Table Procedure
Problem Table including Heat Cascade
Shifted T, Interval Si - Si+1 CPhot - H Surplus Infeasible Feasible
Si (oC) No., i (oC) CPcold (kW/oC) (kW) or Deficit Cascade Cascade
S1 = 165 0 20
1 20 + 3.0 + 60 S
S2 = 145 60 80
2 5 + 0.5 + 2.5 S
S3 = 140 62.5 82.5
3 55 - 1.5 - 82.5 D
S4 = 85 - 20 0
4 30 + 2.5 + 75 S
S5 = 55 55 75
5 30 - 0.5 - 15 D
S6 = 25 40 60
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Grand Composite Curve
Heating
Duty =
Plot of Shifted 20 kW
Temperature versus
Net Heat Flow (Heat
Cascade)
Pinch
= 60 kW
Useful for Choosing
Utility Level and
Quantity
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Pinch and its Significance
Pinch
Driving force is minimum
Divides the problem
•Above Pinch
•Below Pinch
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Pinch and its Significance
+ 10
kW
+ 10
kW
Flow
+ 10
kW
Golden Rules
NO heat transfer across the pinch
NO cold utilities above the pinch
NO hot utilities below the pinch
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Pinch and its Significance
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Example
80oC 140oC
Stream CP Supply Target Heater Reactor
o
No. & (kW/K) (Initial) (Final) 4 kW/ C
Type TS (oC) TT (oC) 3 kW/oC 170oC
(1) Cold 2.0 20 135
Cooler
(2) Hot 3.0 170 60
(3) Cold 4.0 80 140 60oC
30oC 150oC
(4) Hot 1.5 150 30 Cooler Separator
1.5 kW/ oC
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Heat Exchanger Network
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Heat Exchanger Network
Grid
Commonsense Network Design Representation
Step 1: Heat of HEN
Exchange
between S2 & S3
Step 0:
Useful
90
1 Quantities
110
2
180
1
240 Next
Step 2: Heat Step?
Exchange
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between S4 & S1
25
Heat Exchanger Network
Grid
Commonsense Network Design Representation
Step 1: Heat of HEN
Exchange Step 4:
between S2 & S3 Cooler
Step 0:
Useful
90
1 C Quantities
90
110
H 2
50 180
1
240
Step 3: Compare with
Step 2: Heat
Heater Min. HU = 20 kW
Exchange
between S4 & S1 Min. CU = 60 kW
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Heat Exchanger Network
Pinch Point
Design Above Pinch
Design Below Pinch
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Heat Exchanger Network
Above Pinch
o No Cold Utilities
o Hot streams have to be cooled to the pinch point using
cold streams only
Below Pinch
o No Hot Utilities
o Cold streams have to be heated to the pinch point using
Hot streams only
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Heat Exchanger Network
CP Pinch at 90/80 H
S. No.
170 90 60
2 3.0 240/90
150 90 30 90/90
4 1.5
135 80 20
1 2.0 110/120
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Heat Exchanger Network
150 90 30 90/90
4 1.5 2
135 125 80 20
1 2.0 H 2 110/120
20 90
3 4.0 140
1
80 Next: Design 240/0
240
Below Pinch
Heater
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Heat Exchanger Network
150 90 70 30 90/90
4 1.5 2 4 C
60
135 125 80 35 20
1 2.0 H 2 3 4 110/120
20 90 90 30
3 4.0 140 80 240/0
1
240
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Heat Exchanger Network
20oC 135oC
Heater
2 kW/oC
80oC 140oC
Heater Reactor
4 kW/oC
3 kW/oC 170oC
Cooler
60oC
o o
30 C 150 C
Cooler Separator
o
1.5 kW/ C
HEN
Designed for
Process 20 35 80 125 135 Minimum
4 3 2 H Utilities
Flowsheet
S1 80 140
with Heaters
1 Reactor
and Coolers S3
S2 170
Process
1
Flowsheet with
HEN Designed for 90
Minimum Utilities 3
S4 60
30 70 90 150
C 4 2 Separator
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Heat Exchanger Network
60
20oC
Heater
135oC 30 150
2 kW/oC
C Separator
80oC
Heater
140oC
Reactor
S4
o
4 kW/ C
3 kW/oC 170oC
Cooler
60oC
30oC 150oC
Cooler Separator
1.5 kW/ oC
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Supertargeting
Choice of Tmin
Optimum Tmin
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Pinch Analysis Concepts - Summary
Overview
Energy Balance
Temperature-Enthalpy Diagram
Composite Curves
Problem Table Procedure
Pinch and its Significance
Grand Composite Curves
Heat Exchanger Network
o Grid Representation
o Design for Maximum Energy Recovery
Examples/Practice Session
Dr. GP Rangaiah 37